Russian Revolution Syllabus 2009-10 Wiki (1)

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Russian Revolution Syllabus 2009-10

UNIT 2: RUSSIA 1900-1939

In this unit of 20c History, we will be studying the RussianRevolutions (1905 and 1917) including their causes,important people, and outcomes. This is a large topic sowe will study this in sections. Part one will begin withTsar Nicholas II and end with the Bolsheviks seizingpower in 1917. In part two we will explore how theBolsheviks hold on to power and try to modernize Russiaunder Lenin and Stalin. This unit will begin slowly sothat important concepts like Marxism, nationalism, andrevolutions can be introduced and reviewed. We will usethe political spectrum as a model to understand terms

like radicals, conservatives, and liberals. These termsand others are important to understanding life in the20c and the communities that we live in today. Unitquestion:

1. Was the Russian Revolution progressive or regressive?

Essential questions:1. Did life improve for women under the Soviet Union?2. Who were the radicals of the Russian Revolution?3. Are there significant similarities between Lenin and Gandhi?

We will use the book, From Autocracy to Communism: Russia 1894-1941,during this unit. It gives a good overview of events and includes primarysources.

This is an overview of the topics we will be studying in class each week.Please read and take SQ3R/Cornell notes on the chapters before you come toclass. In addition to your book, Ruling Russia, I have prepared some handoutsand reading materials. Please keep this packet in a binder and bring it toclass each day so that we can refer to the articles.

Week of November 3-7

Focus Question: What were the primary causes of the 1905 RussianRevolution?

Opponents to Czardom p 18-27The 1905 Revolution p 32-40


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November 10-19

Bloody Sunday and historiographyThe political spectrum

10 B: November 24-28 Provisional Government

Focus Question: How well does the Russian Revolution fit the first two stagesof the revolution model?

p, 76-81; p. 88-101:The February RevolutionThe October RevolutionKornilov's Revolt

10 O: November 24-28 Lenins RevolutionFocus Question: Based on his policies, was Lenin more conservative or liberalin the period 1917-1924?

The Red Terror p. 145War Communism p. 151

The Kronstadt Rising, 1921 p 156

The New Economic Policy p 160The Shaping of Soviet SocietyP 166

Vocabulary

Red TerrorWar CommunismRed GuardsRed ArmyNew Economic Policy (NEP)NEPmenUnion of the Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR)ChekaKulaksKronstadt Rising, 1921

PetrogradKronstadt Manifesto"On Party Unity"Bukharin"Decree on the Separation of Church and State


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Scissors CrisisMarxism-LeninismPolitical commissarsLeon Trotsky

10 O: November 30-December 4 The Provisional GovernmentFocus Question: How well does the Russian Revolution fit the first two stagesof the revolution model?

Pg. 76-81; p. 88-101:

The February RevolutionThe October RevolutionKornilov's Revolt

10 B: November 30-December 5 Lenins RevolutionFocus Question: Based on his policies, was Lenin more of a liberal orconservative in the period 1917-1924?

The Red Terror p. 145-150War Communism p. 151-155

The Kronstadt Rising, 1921 p 156-159The New Economic Policy p 160-165

The Shaping of Soviet SocietyP 166-170

Vocabulary

Red TerrorWar CommunismRed Guards

Red ArmyNew Economic Policy (NEP)NEPmenUnion of the Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR)ChekaKulaksKronstadt Rising, 1921Petrograd


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Kronstadt Manifesto"On Party Unity"Bukharin"Decree on the Separation of Church and State"Scissors CrisisMarxism-Leninism

Political commissarsLeon Trotsky

December 7-11: Stalins Rule in the 1920s

Focus Question: Did Stalin bring socialism to Russia? Did lifeimprove for women under the Soviet Union?

The Power Struggle 187-193

Collectivization 202-209

Industrialization 210-214

December 14-18: Stalins Terror State Focus Question: Why werethere purges under Stalin?

The Early Purges 225-226

The Great Purge: 1936-1939 p 230-237

Assessments:

There will be reading quizzes in class.

Bloody Sunday Unit Activity

The Russia unit test will be on Wednesday, January 20. Thiswill include an essay question and multiple choicequestions.

Glossary Tsar/Czar/CsarRussian term for monarch. It is a formof the word Caesar. Tsar Nicolas IIThe last of theRomanov Dynasty rulers in Russia. He abdicated inMarch 1917. Tsarina AlexandraThe Tsars wife who


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died in the revolution. Edict of Emancipation: Serfs werelegally freed in 1861 but were not given landimmediately, so many continued to be very poor. Divineright monarchyThe king or queen was chosen by Godand has the support of the divinity. This was a common

belief in many European countries before 1800. This isdifferent from the Japanese emperors before 1945 whowere considered to be gods.

AutocratThis is a form of government in which one personrules without needing to share decisions with others.

Civil serviceThe part of the government that performs thedaily tasks of government. Also called the bureaucracy,because it is often divided into bureaus (Federal Bureau ofInvestigation or FBI in the US) or offices. The civil service

does not create laws like the legislature but carries outthe laws.

Secret policegovernment agents who are domestic spies,make arrests, and generally spread fear among citizensto help the government maintain control. AristocratsRule by the aristocracy or nobles. These are people whohave their influence in government and income fromhaving inherited titles and lands of nobility from theirancestors, like dukes, barons, and counts.

PeasantsThese are usually poor farmers who may or may notown their own land and equipment.

SerfdomA form of slavery in which the people may or maynot be directly owned by the lord or noble, but they arelegally tied to the land and can be transferred if the landis sold to another lord or noble. Russian serfs are legallyfreed in the 19c but many continue to live in very poorconditions.

Karl MarxHe was a German political theorist who tried to

explain how history was affected by economic change.

MarxismThis is a theory that states that all of history can beunderstood as conflicts between different economicgroups. Marxism predicts that the final conflict will leadto a society where everyone is economically equal. Also,every country and government is directly shaped by the


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type of economic system (feudalism, capitalism, etc)that it has.

OkhranaRussian secret police during the empire.

Capitalists/bourgeoisiePeople who own large businesses orwho are professionals for an occupation. They were notthe aristocracy nor the proletariat. Proletariat-These areworkers, usually those in the cities instead of farmers.Social Revolutionary Party (SRs)Believed that peasantswere most important and that land should beredistributed from large landlords to small farmers.Social Democratic Party (SDs)Believed that factoryworkers should start a revolution in Russia to end theempire. They follow the writings of German philosopherKarl Marx.

BolsheviksMajority segment of the SDs when the SDs split in1903. Bolsheviks wanted a small, elite group ofrevolutionaries to lead the Russian workers against theCzar.

MensheviksMinority segment of the SDs when the SDs splitin 1903. Mensheviks wanted their political party to beopen to everyone.

CossackA person from a semi-nomadic tribe in Russia. Some

Cossacks served as guards to the czar.

Vladimir Ilych Ulyanov (Lenin) Bolshevik leader and firstleader of the USSR Russo-Japanese War1904-1905 warin which the Japanese defeat a major European powerfor the first time. The Japanese victory gives confidenceto the Japanese government and encourages doubtamongst Russians. Kadet PartyThose who wanted tokeep the monarchy but create a legislature to work withit. Similar to a constitutional monarchy today. BloodySunday22 January 1905 ordinary Russians attempt to

present a petition to the Tsar but are attacked butsoldiers. Black Hundredsunofficial groups that formedto resist the 1905 revolution by attacking Jews andrevolutionaries. Black Hundreds supported the Czar. StPetersburg/Petrograd/LeningradCity in northern Russiathat was originally built by Peter the Great. The citysname was changed to Petrograd during World War I.After Lenins death, the city was known as Leningrad


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during the Soviet period. Today it is St. Petersburg.Coup detat(French) to overthrow the government andseize power DumaRussian parliament or legislatureSoviet- elected representative body based on factories,military units, farms, and other local areas. The soviets

rule locally and send representatives to the centralgovernment. In theory it is a republican form ofgovernment. Provisional government October ManifestoThe Czar agreed to elections and to share power withthe Duma, or parliament.

Gregory RasputinRussian monk and advisor to the Tsarina.Peter StolypinRussian Prime Minister who attemptedreforms to strengthen the monarchy Kulakswealthierpeasants in a class created by the Stolypin to encouragemore support of the governments policies PloughThis

is used in farming to cut the soil in the spring so thatseeds can be planted. It would usually have been pulledby one or two horses while the farmer walks behind tosteer. February Revolution Barrackshousing forsoldiers ArsenalA government storehouse for weaponsand ammunition Alexander KerenskyHe was a RussianDuma member and minister who led the ProvisionalGovernment February 1917-. He was overthrown by theBolsheviks. Petrograd SovietCouncil government forPetrograd. Members were workers and soldiers afterFebruary 1917. It competed with the Provisional

Government for control fo the country, the army. OrderNumber OneThe Petrograd Soviet declared that thearmys loyalty was to the Petrograd Soviet and not theProvisional Government and that when orders from theSoviet and the Provisional Government disagreed, theSoviets order was final. April Theses (1917)Leninsannounced plan to end the Russian war with Germany,government takeover of banks and factories, and newRussian government based on the soviets Peace,Bread, Land All power to the soviets. Petrograd/St.Petersburgcity in northern Russia built by Peter the

Great. Petrograd or St. Petersburg was the capital ofRussia until 1918. Intuitionyour feelings or instinctsabout something or someone, not based on reason.

Kronstadt

Leon TrotskyHe was one of the key leaders of the Bolsheviksand who reorganized the imperial army into the more


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effective Red Army. He will later be assassinated inMexico by agents sent by Stalin. July DaysBolsheviksattempt to seize power for the first time in 1917 inPetrograd. The attempt fails and the ProvisionalGovernment charges the Bolshevik leaders with treason.

Lenin and other leaders must go into hiding or facearrest and execution. KornilovRussian general whoplanned to seize power from the Provisional Governmentin September 1917. Commander-in-chiefThis is thehighest military officer in a country. October Revolution1917Bolsheviks led a coup against the ProvisionalGovernment General staffTop army officers who directand plan a war. Treaty of Brest-Litovsk 1918Russiantreaty with Germany. Russia would withdraw from WorldWar I. In exchange, Russia gave up Finland andterritories in Eastern Europe. ChekaSecret police under

Lenin and the Communist Party White ArmyIn theRussian Civil War, the Whites were against theCommunists. They were a mix of SRs, Menshiks, Kadets,and Czarists. Red ArmyIn the Russian Civil War, theReds supported the Communist Party. Red TerrorThearrests and executions of people suspected of beinganti-Communist, 1918-1922. RoublesRussian moneylike Yen or Euros

War Communism--

ComradeA form of address that suggests social equality.

Red Guardsa force of soldiers and workers who are armedNew Economic Policy (NEP)Lenin ended WarCommunism in 1921 because the economy had collapsedand there was starvation. Under NEP, individuals couldfreely grow crops, for example, and sell them to make aprofit. Union of the Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR)Russia under the Communists from 1924-1991.Socialism in one country. Stalins proposal tostrengthen the USSR as a communist country and not

wait for other countries to also have communistrevolutions. Troikathe alliance between Stalin,Zinoviev, and Kamenev to drive Trotsky from power.PolitburoThe Russian Communist Party elected aCentral Committee. The Politburo was a small sub-committee of the Central Committee but it made the keydecisions. The Politburo after Lenins death had seven


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members (Trotsky, Stalin, Zinoviev, Bukharin, Rykov,Kamenev, and Tomsky).

Totalitarianism Revolution from above Five-Year Plans CollectivisationOGPUThe secret police under Stalin. OGPU replaced Cheka.

Dekulakization

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Russian Revolution Syllabus 2009-10 Wiki (1)