Russian Revolution 1900-1905 Alexa Ford, Alex Phan, Rachel Zhang, Jacky Ting

Russian RevolutionRussian Revolution1900-19051900-1905

Alexa Ford, Alex Phan, Rachel Zhang, Jacky Alexa Ford, Alex Phan, Rachel Zhang, Jacky TingTing

Land and People of RussiaLand and People of Russia

In the year 1900 5% of the land in In the year 1900 5% of the land in Russia could be used for Russia could be used for farming. The other 95% was farming. The other 95% was useless. This was because of useless. This was because of cold weather and large trees cold weather and large trees covering the land called taiga. covering the land called taiga. These cold weather conditions These cold weather conditions also froze over Siberia lakes and also froze over Siberia lakes and rivers. This made river trade rivers. This made river trade impossible for Russia.impossible for Russia.

About 125 million people lived in About 125 million people lived in Russia in the year 1900. Less Russia in the year 1900. Less than half of the people in Russia than half of the people in Russia were Russian. This also caused were Russian. This also caused 6/10 people in Russia to speak a 6/10 people in Russia to speak a foreign language. Most of these foreign language. Most of these people lived on farm land. people lived on farm land.

A typical farm in Russia

A densely populated town in central Russia

Tsar Nicholas IITsar Nicholas II Nicholas II was the last tsar of the Nicholas II was the last tsar of the Russian Empire. He was an Russian Empire. He was an autocrat, which meant that he autocrat, which meant that he didn’t have to share power. He didn’t have to share power. He could make new laws, increase could make new laws, increase taxes and do whatever he wanted. taxes and do whatever he wanted. Nicholas also did not allow people Nicholas also did not allow people to oppose him. He had police to to oppose him. He had police to search books and newspapers and search books and newspapers and arrest anyone who criticized the arrest anyone who criticized the government. He had little government. He had little leadership skill and his inability to leadership skill and his inability to rule initiated Bolshevik Revolution rule initiated Bolshevik Revolution and cost him and his family their and cost him and his family their lives. He was a leader that was lives. He was a leader that was blind to the political and social blind to the political and social realities of his own land. He lived realities of his own land. He lived in a world of his own making. in a world of his own making.

Tsar Nicholas II

Tsar Nicholas II with his family.

Russian SocietyRussian SocietyIn 1900 Russian was In 1900 Russian was

mainly divided into two groups, mainly divided into two groups, the rich and noble, and the the rich and noble, and the peasants.peasants.

Until 1861 peasants had Until 1861 peasants had absolutely no rights, no land and absolutely no rights, no land and no freedom. In 1861 peasants no freedom. In 1861 peasants were allowed to own land, but were allowed to own land, but they had to pay 49 installments in they had to pay 49 installments in 49 years until the land was 49 years until the land was actually theirs. Which did not actually theirs. Which did not improve their lives. In 1900 4 out improve their lives. In 1900 4 out of 5 people were peasants. of 5 people were peasants. Although at the nobles were only Although at the nobles were only about 1 percent of the total about 1 percent of the total population, they had about 25% population, they had about 25% of the countries land. Many of the countries land. Many peasants went to peasants went to St. Petersberg St. Petersberg to find jobs.to find jobs.

A palace from Russia that the rich lived in.

Poor children living on the streets of Russia.

Karl MarxKarl MarxKarl Marx was born in Trier, Karl Marx was born in Trier,

Germany in 1818 and died in Germany in 1818 and died in 1883. When he was older he 1883. When he was older he wrote the book Communist wrote the book Communist Manifesto. The book suggested Manifesto. The book suggested that in the future there would be that in the future there would be a rebellion between the working a rebellion between the working class and the upper class. This class and the upper class. This book and what the readers book and what the readers interpreted it as, caused the interpreted it as, caused the divide of Russia. The Social divide of Russia. The Social Democratic Party (SDP) followed Democratic Party (SDP) followed Marx’s ideas but eventually there Marx’s ideas but eventually there was a conflict between the was a conflict between the leaders and they divided leaders and they divided between the Bolsheviks and the between the Bolsheviks and the Mensheviks. They both had the Mensheviks. They both had the same overall goal, but the same overall goal, but the disagreed on the methods to disagreed on the methods to complete the issue.complete the issue.

GlossaryGlossary

• Autocrat- Claiming absolute authorityAutocrat- Claiming absolute authority• Cossacks- a person belonging to any certain Cossacks- a person belonging to any certain

group of Slavs.group of Slavs.• Communists- someone towards communismCommunists- someone towards communism• Liberals- favorable toward freedom\Liberals- favorable toward freedom\• Okhrana- secret police force in RussiaOkhrana- secret police force in Russia• St. Petersberg- Russia's second largest city St. Petersberg- Russia's second largest city

and Europe's third largest city.and Europe's third largest city.• Siberia- part of the Russian federation, Siberia- part of the Russian federation,

north of Asianorth of Asia

Works CitedWorks CitedSources for InformationSources for Information Sources for ImagesSources for Images


Catherine Goslin, Hannah Cormack, Catherine Goslin, Hannah Cormack, Joanna Shieh, and Michael GaoJoanna Shieh, and Michael Gao

What was Bloody Sunday and why did it What was Bloody Sunday and why did it happen?happen?

On Sunday January 22, On Sunday January 22, 1905, 200,000 workers 1905, 200,000 workers marched through the marched through the streets of St. Petersburg streets of St. Petersburg towards the Tsar’s winter towards the Tsar’s winter palace trying to ask for palace trying to ask for better working and living better working and living conditions. The authorities conditions. The authorities got nervous and over-got nervous and over-reacted by opening fire to reacted by opening fire to this peaceful march. 500 this peaceful march. 500 marchers were killed and marchers were killed and thousands more were thousands more were wounded. This is why they wounded. This is why they call this Sunday, “call this Sunday, “Bloody Bloody SundaySunday”.”.

Tsar police gunning down the protestors

Protestors retreating from the palace

What changes in the Tsar’s What changes in the Tsar’s government followed Bloody Sunday?government followed Bloody Sunday?After Bloody Sunday, the After Bloody Sunday, the Tsar issued the Tsar issued the OctoberOctober ManifestoManifesto. It stated that . It stated that Russia could have a Russia could have a DumaDuma to help run the country. to help run the country. After this the Tsar issued a After this the Tsar issued a set of Fundamental Laws set of Fundamental Laws which stated that even with which stated that even with the Duma, Russia was still the Duma, Russia was still an autocracy. A Duma is a an autocracy. A Duma is a representative body that is representative body that is elected by the people, elected by the people, which is what the public which is what the public wanted but they weren’t wanted but they weren’t fully satisfied. Many people fully satisfied. Many people wanted to elect a leader, wanted to elect a leader, not just a representative. not just a representative.

The first Duma representatives meeting

The public’s response to the establishment of the Duma

How did World War 1 affect Russia and the How did World War 1 affect Russia and the Tsar?Tsar?

Russia’s economy had begun Russia’s economy had begun to collapse after they suffered to collapse after they suffered defeat after defeat against defeat after defeat against the Japanese and Germans. the Japanese and Germans. All the young men had been All the young men had been recruited into the army so the recruited into the army so the factories had no people factories had no people working in them. Everybody working in them. Everybody was starving and rebellions was starving and rebellions started up against the Tsar all started up against the Tsar all over the country. The Tsar over the country. The Tsar was forced to was forced to abdicateabdicate his his position of power. Once the position of power. Once the former government was former government was overthrown, a new one was overthrown, a new one was formed by the formed by the BolsheviksBolsheviks. . The Soviet Union.The Soviet Union.

Russian protestors during the October Revolution

The Russian army turning on the Tsar in the October Revolution

What were the causes of the Feb/March Revolution?What were the causes of the Feb/March Revolution?There were three main causes of There were three main causes of the Spring 1917 revolution. The the Spring 1917 revolution. The first was inflation. As money lost first was inflation. As money lost value, everything became value, everything became expensive--including paying expensive--including paying workers--which brings us to the workers--which brings us to the second reason: the lack of workers. second reason: the lack of workers. When inflation set in, factories lost When inflation set in, factories lost money and therefore had to lay-off money and therefore had to lay-off workers, which caused unrest. The workers, which caused unrest. The third reason for the revolution was third reason for the revolution was the inability to transport the the inability to transport the necessities of everyday life, as they necessities of everyday life, as they did not have the money for coal, or did not have the money for coal, or the workers to run the trains. the workers to run the trains. During this time, revolutionary During this time, revolutionary leaders (such as Lenin) saw a leaders (such as Lenin) saw a revolution brewing and began revolution brewing and began making their way back into the making their way back into the country from exile.country from exile.

The protestors running away from the massacre

Protestors gather in the streets

GlossaryGlossaryBloody Sunday: On January 22, 1905, 200 thousand workers January 22, 1905, 200 thousand workers marched throughout the streets of St. Petersburg and thousands marched throughout the streets of St. Petersburg and thousands were shot because the government thought there was an uprising.were shot because the government thought there was an uprising.Vladimir Lenin: A Russian Revolutionist, and the first leader of the Soviet Union.Bolsheviks: They were the Communist party of Russia, and founded the Soviet Union through the chaos of the October Revolution.Abdicate: To relieve a position of power, and give to someone else.October Manifesto:Duma: A group of representatives selected by the people that represent them.

Works CitedWorks CitedSources for InformationSources for Information• BROOMAN, JOSH. BROOMAN, JOSH. STALIN AND THE STALIN AND THE

SOVIET UNION U. S. S. R., 1924-53 SOVIET UNION U. S. S. R., 1924-53 (LONGMAN 20TH CENTURY (LONGMAN 20TH CENTURY HISTORY SERIES)HISTORY SERIES). New York: . New York: LONGMAN, 1988LONGMAN, 1988

Fredman, Fred. "Leaderrs of the Fredman, Fred. "Leaderrs of the Russian Revolution." Wayland Russian Revolution." Wayland Publisher, 1981. Publisher, 1981.

Various Authors. "80 Days That Various Authors. "80 Days That Changed the World.“Changed the World.“

Litwin, Peter. "The Russian Litwin, Peter. "The Russian Revolution."Revolution."

Sources for ImagesSources for Images• http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/

commons/2/29/commons/2/29/Bloody_Sunday_Russia_1905.pngBloody_Sunday_Russia_1905.png

• http://www.smfc.k12.ca.us/stage/http://www.smfc.k12.ca.us/stage/lalosh2/BloodySunday.jpglalosh2/BloodySunday.jpg

• http://net.lib.byu.edu/~rdh7/wwi/http://net.lib.byu.edu/~rdh7/wwi/memoir/RusRev/images/rr19.jpgmemoir/RusRev/images/rr19.jpg

• http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5e/1917MarsField.jpgcommons/5/5e/1917MarsField.jpg

• http://www.nevsky88.com/http://www.nevsky88.com/SaintPetersburg/Revolution/SaintPetersburg/Revolution/default.aspdefault.asp

• http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8d/Repin_17October.jpgcommons/8/8d/Repin_17October.jpg


Alena Kim, Richard Li, Jessica Chung, Alena Kim, Richard Li, Jessica Chung, and Paulo Weiand Paulo Wei

Who Was Alexander Kerensky And What Who Was Alexander Kerensky And What Problem Did He Face With His Provisional Problem Did He Face With His Provisional

Government Face?Government Face?Alexander KerenskyAlexander Kerensky was born in was born in Simbirsk. After Tsar was overthrown, Simbirsk. After Tsar was overthrown, he became the minister of justice in he became the minister of justice in the the provisionalprovisional government. He got government. He got promoted and became Minister of War promoted and became Minister of War and then became the Prime Minister and then became the Prime Minister of the Soviet Union. of the Soviet Union.

While Alexander held the position of While Alexander held the position of Prime Minister, he had made some Prime Minister, he had made some terrible decisions. Kerensky made the terrible decisions. Kerensky made the Russian soldiers stay in World War I Russian soldiers stay in World War I and didn’t supply the peasants with and didn’t supply the peasants with any food or necessities. There were any food or necessities. There were also a lot of groups that had also a lot of groups that had demanded different things that the demanded different things that the provisional government did not provisional government did not provide. The Bolsheviks had gain provide. The Bolsheviks had gain more strength and began the Civil more strength and began the Civil War in Russia. War in Russia.

What Were The Causes Of What Were The Causes Of The Nov/Oct Revolution?The Nov/Oct Revolution?

The problems in the old empire The problems in the old empire were still there after the Tsar was were still there after the Tsar was gone. The gone. The ProvisionalProvisional Government Government had said that they would give out had said that they would give out land to the farmers but that was land to the farmers but that was months ago. The peasants got months ago. The peasants got angry and started killing landlords angry and started killing landlords and dividing the land. Kerensky and dividing the land. Kerensky couldn’t stop them because he had couldn’t stop them because he had little loyal troops. Many soldiers little loyal troops. Many soldiers had disobeyed orders and deserted had disobeyed orders and deserted the army. The Bolsheviks the army. The Bolsheviks (otherwise known as the (otherwise known as the Red ArmyRed Army) ) had persuaded soldiers to stop had persuaded soldiers to stop fighting, the army was in chaos. fighting, the army was in chaos. Due to the violence, the harvest Due to the violence, the harvest was delayed and people feared was delayed and people feared famine. famine.

Who Was Vladimir Lenin Who Was Vladimir Lenin And How Did He Come To And How Did He Come To

Power?Power?Vladimir Lenin Vladimir Lenin was born in Simbirsk was born in Simbirsk on April 22, 1870. He was a socialist on April 22, 1870. He was a socialist and had been inspired by the and had been inspired by the teachings of Karl Marx. Once the teachings of Karl Marx. Once the Tsar Nicolas II had been overthrown Tsar Nicolas II had been overthrown in early 1917, Lenin came back to in early 1917, Lenin came back to Russia after being exiled to Siberia. Russia after being exiled to Siberia.

Once tempers had faired within the Once tempers had faired within the country, Lenin led the Bolsheviks country, Lenin led the Bolsheviks and started the and started the Red ArmyRed Army in the in the civil war. It was a revolutionary civil war. It was a revolutionary event in which the Red Army beat event in which the Red Army beat the the ProvisionalProvisional Government Government (also (also known as the white army). From known as the white army). From that day forth, that day forth, Vladimir Lenin Vladimir Lenin was was the Prime Minster of The Union of the Prime Minster of The Union of Soviet Socialist Republic. Soviet Socialist Republic.

What Was The Immediate Actions Did What Was The Immediate Actions Did Lenin Take Following The Oct/Nov Lenin Take Following The Oct/Nov

Revolution?Revolution?

After the October revolution Lenin created a new government called Sovnarkom. He changed the laws for the Russians people. One important one was he changed the work time for the workers, and treated them more like a human.

Lenin was also a person who like peace. So after he took power away from the king he signed a peace contract with the Germany.

GlossaryGlossary

Provisional Government: The government created after the Provisional Government: The government created after the spring revolution, lead by Alexander Kerensky.spring revolution, lead by Alexander Kerensky.

Alexander Kerensky (1881 -1970): He served as the second Alexander Kerensky (1881 -1970): He served as the second Prime Minister of the Russian Provisional Government.Prime Minister of the Russian Provisional Government.

Valdmir Lenin (1870-1924): He was the first Prime Minister Valdmir Lenin (1870-1924): He was the first Prime Minister for the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.for the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.

Red Army: The Army of Bolsheviks lead by Valdmir Lenin Red Army: The Army of Bolsheviks lead by Valdmir Lenin during the civil war of 1917.during the civil war of 1917.

Petrograd: A city that was located in the USSR, now it is Petrograd: A city that was located in the USSR, now it is called St. Petersburg.called St. Petersburg.

Treaty of Brest-Litovsk: A treaty that allowed the USSR to Treaty of Brest-Litovsk: A treaty that allowed the USSR to not participate in World War I.not participate in World War I.

Works CitedWorks CitedSources for InformationSources for Information "The Russian Revolution." "The Russian Revolution." UW Departments Web ServerUW Departments Web Server. 12 . 12

Apr. 2009 Apr. 2009 <http://depts.washington.edu/baltic/papers/russianrevolution.h<http://depts.washington.edu/baltic/papers/russianrevolution.htm>.tm>.

"The Russian Revolution." "The Russian Revolution." UW Departments Web ServerUW Departments Web Server. 12 . 12 Apr. 2009 Apr. 2009 <http://depts.washington.edu/baltic/papers/russianrevolution.h<http://depts.washington.edu/baltic/papers/russianrevolution.htm>.tm>.

Newman, Fred. Newman, Fred. Leaders of the Russian revolution.Leaders of the Russian revolution. London: London: Wayland, 1981.Wayland, 1981.

"Russian Revolutions of 1917 - MSN Encarta." "Russian Revolutions of 1917 - MSN Encarta." MSN Encarta : MSN Encarta : Online Encyclopedia, Dictionary, Atlas, and HomeworkOnline Encyclopedia, Dictionary, Atlas, and Homework. . 13 Apr. 13 Apr. 2009 2009 <http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761569348_3/Russian_<http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761569348_3/Russian_Revolutions_of_1917.html#p36>.Revolutions_of_1917.html#p36>.

Newman, Fred. Newman, Fred. Leaders of the Russian revolution.Leaders of the Russian revolution. London: London: Wayland, 1981.Wayland, 1981.

":Alexander Kerensky::." ":Alexander Kerensky::." ::History Learning Site::::History Learning Site::. . 13 Apr. 2009 13 Apr. 2009 <http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/alexander_kerensky.htm<http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/alexander_kerensky.htm>.>.

Fact Monster: Online Almanac, Dictionary, Encyclopedia, and Fact Monster: Online Almanac, Dictionary, Encyclopedia, and Homework Help FactMonster.comHomework Help FactMonster.com. 13 Apr. 2009 . 13 Apr. 2009 <http://www.factmonster.com/ce6/people/A0859235.html>.<http://www.factmonster.com/ce6/people/A0859235.html>.

"BBC - History - Vladimir Lenin (1870 - 1924)." "BBC - History - Vladimir Lenin (1870 - 1924)." BBC - BBC - HomepageHomepage. . 13 Apr. 2009 13 Apr. 2009 <http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/lenin_vladimir.s<http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/lenin_vladimir.shtml>.html>.

"Lenin." "Lenin." Spartacus Educational - Home PageSpartacus Educational - Home Page. 13 Apr. 2009 . 13 Apr. 2009 <http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/RUSlenin.htm>.<http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/RUSlenin.htm>.

Sources for ImagesSources for Images• Ελληνική Εγκυκλοπαίδεια. 12 Apr. 2009

<http://www.easypedia.gr/el/images/shared/d/d4/Alexander_Kerensky_LOC_24416.jpg>.

• Every other image is from corbis.com


Travis Meng, Alexandre Wang, Steven Travis Meng, Alexandre Wang, Steven ZhaoZhao

What opposition did Lenin face What opposition did Lenin face during the civil war? How did he during the civil war? How did he

win the war?win the war?Lenin faced many problems Lenin faced many problems during the civil war. He had during the civil war. He had opposition from the opposition from the Czech Czech LegionLegion, the , the white Russianswhite Russians, , and from and from Armies of Armies of InterventionIntervention. The solution to . The solution to all this was the creation of the all this was the creation of the Red ArmyRed Army, a army created to , a army created to combat these forces, the combat these forces, the ChekCheka, who were violent a, who were violent secret agents, and the secret agents, and the creation of the red terror laws. creation of the red terror laws. The laws made the red army The laws made the red army fight harder, and they forced fight harder, and they forced the armies of intervention to the armies of intervention to retreat out of Russia, which retreat out of Russia, which allowed the red army to crush allowed the red army to crush the white Russians. Also, the the white Russians. Also, the Czech legion retreated. Czech legion retreated.

Parade by allied armies of Parade by allied armies of interventionintervention

Trotsky and Lenin with Red Army soldiers in PetrogradTrotsky and Lenin with Red Army soldiers in Petrograd

What opposition did Lenin face What opposition did Lenin face during the civil war? How did he during the civil war? How did he

win the war?win the war?The civil war wasn’t easy for The civil war wasn’t easy for Lenin. He had opposition from Lenin. He had opposition from the Czech Legion, a group of the Czech Legion, a group of escaped Czech POWs, the escaped Czech POWs, the whitewhite Russians, Russians against the Russians, Russians against the Bolsheviks, and from armies of Bolsheviks, and from armies of intervention, foreign invasion intervention, foreign invasion armies displeased with Russia armies displeased with Russia pulling out of the WW2. The pulling out of the WW2. The solution to all this was the red solution to all this was the red army, a army created to combat army, a army created to combat these forces, the these forces, the ChekaCheka, who , who were violent secret agents, and were violent secret agents, and the creation of the the creation of the red terror red terror laws. The laws made the red laws. The laws made the red army fight harder, and they army fight harder, and they forced the armies of intervention forced the armies of intervention to retreat out of Russia, which to retreat out of Russia, which allowed the allowed the red armyred army to crush to crush the white Russians. the white Russians.

How did Lenin try to fix Russia’s problems following the Civil War

Lenin’s “New Economic Policy” was initialed during 1921 to replace the “War Communism Policy” which led to decline in agricultural, industrial production along with economy. The NEP was adopted to revive the cost of the Civil War.

Under the NEP policy, peasants were permitted to sell their produce for a profit, unlike the “War Communism Policy”. However, they had to pay an agricultural tax set at 14%. Money was brought in, workers and peasants were recommended to trade goods with cash. Heavy industry, transport, Heavy industry, transport, banking and international trade were banking and international trade were to remain under government control.to remain under government control.

Agricultural production increased greatly. However, heavy industry, transport, banking and international trade managed to decline.

Who was Joseph Stalin and how Who was Joseph Stalin and how did he differ from Leon Trotsky?did he differ from Leon Trotsky?

Joseph Stalin was a Russian who Joseph Stalin was a Russian who was a key factor in the was a key factor in the Bolshevik's rise to power. After Bolshevik's rise to power. After Lenin’s death Stalin was named Lenin’s death Stalin was named dictator of the Soviet Union. dictator of the Soviet Union. Stalin reformed Russia and Stalin reformed Russia and made positive changes, such as made positive changes, such as mass industrialization that mass industrialization that achieved increases in economic achieved increases in economic growth, and negative changes growth, and negative changes as Stalin executed the party of as Stalin executed the party of enemies. enemies. Leon Trotsky was the war Leon Trotsky was the war commissar that lead the Red Army commissar that lead the Red Army to victory. Trotsky and Stalin were to victory. Trotsky and Stalin were both important members in the both important members in the Communist take over. After StalinCommunist take over. After Stalin’’s s rise to dictatorship, Trotsky was rise to dictatorship, Trotsky was thrown out of the communist party, thrown out of the communist party, and sent into foreign exile. Stalin and sent into foreign exile. Stalin changed Russia to the changed Russia to the USSRUSSR

GlossaryGlossaryReds- Red army that fought for the communist party during the civil war, Reds- Red army that fought for the communist party during the civil war,

led by Lenin.led by Lenin.

Whites- White army that fought against Lenin and his ideas during the civil Whites- White army that fought against Lenin and his ideas during the civil war.war.

Cheka- The Cheka were Lenin’s secret police, and they carried out violent Cheka- The Cheka were Lenin’s secret police, and they carried out violent tasks.tasks.

Red Terror- The campaign of mass arrests and executions conducted by the Red Terror- The campaign of mass arrests and executions conducted by the Bolshevik party to fight back the white army.Bolshevik party to fight back the white army.

War Communism- The economic and political system used during the civil War Communism- The economic and political system used during the civil war. The aim was to supply soldiers with food and supplies.war. The aim was to supply soldiers with food and supplies.

NEP- The new economic policy prevented economy to collapse, by letting NEP- The new economic policy prevented economy to collapse, by letting small businesses to reopen for private profit and allowed farmers to pay small businesses to reopen for private profit and allowed farmers to pay agricultural products instead of tax. agricultural products instead of tax.

USSR- A union of many Soviet republics. Formed after the Civil war.USSR- A union of many Soviet republics. Formed after the Civil war.

Works CitedWorks CitedSources for InformationSources for Information• ""Joseph Stalin." Joseph Stalin." Bbc.co.uk/historyBbc.co.uk/history. BBC. . BBC.

<http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_<http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/stalin_joseph.shtml>.figures/stalin_joseph.shtml>.

• ““Leon Trotsky." Leon Trotsky." Bbc.co.uk/historyBbc.co.uk/history. BBC. . BBC. <http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_<http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/trotsky_leon.shtml>.figures/trotsky_leon.shtml>.

• "New Economic Policy." "New Economic Policy." WikipediaWikipedia. . <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Econ<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Economic_Policy>.omic_Policy>.

• "New Economic Policy." "New Economic Policy." MIA: MIA: Encyclopedia of Marxism: Glossary of Encyclopedia of Marxism: Glossary of TermsTerms. . <http://www.marxists.org/glossary/ter<http://www.marxists.org/glossary/terms/n/e.htm>.ms/n/e.htm>.

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<www.mahalo.com>.• Lenin giving a Speech. Digital image.

Wikipedia. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Lenin.gif>.

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Ji Won ChaeJi Won ChaeRaymond ChenRaymond Chen Justine ChengJustine Cheng

Benedict TanudjojoBenedict Tanudjojo

What impact did Stalin have on What impact did Stalin have on agriculture and Russia’s agriculture and Russia’s

farmers?farmers?To ensure enough food was produced To ensure enough food was produced to feed the to feed the peasantspeasants and the and the industrial workers industrial workers Stalin introduced Stalin introduced collectivizationcollectivization which meant that which meant that 100 million peasants would join their 100 million peasants would join their farms and work together. Peasants farms and work together. Peasants would then sell their grain to the would then sell their grain to the government at a fixed low price and government at a fixed low price and receive wages. The receive wages. The kulakskulaks, the richest , the richest of the peasants, were most strongly of the peasants, were most strongly opposed to Stalin’s plan. He dealt opposed to Stalin’s plan. He dealt with them by deporting them, with them by deporting them, handing them over to the political handing them over to the political police or gave them poor land. The police or gave them poor land. The peasants did not like the collective peasants did not like the collective farms and killed their animals and farms and killed their animals and destroyed crops, tools and farm destroyed crops, tools and farm buildings. This resulted in a buildings. This resulted in a dropdown in food dropdown in food production and production and led to a led to a faminefamine..

Food for the People

What impact did Stalin have on industry What impact did Stalin have on industry and Russia’s industrial workers?and Russia’s industrial workers?

During 1927 Stalin wanted to During 1927 Stalin wanted to improve the industrial economy improve the industrial economy of Russia. Today we know the of Russia. Today we know the time period 1927-32 the time period 1927-32 the five five year planyear plan. During these years . During these years Stalin increased work loads on Stalin increased work loads on industrial workersindustrial workers. Due to this . Due to this change, the amount of coal in change, the amount of coal in tons rose from 35.4 million to 64 tons rose from 35.4 million to 64 million. The amount of iron ore million. The amount of iron ore also rose from 5.7 million to 19 also rose from 5.7 million to 19 million. The industrial workers million. The industrial workers had to work more than twice as had to work more than twice as hard as usual, an estimate of hard as usual, an estimate of about 127,000 workers died about 127,000 workers died because of overwork in just these because of overwork in just these 5 years. Also workers who did not 5 years. Also workers who did not fulfill the work quotas were sent fulfill the work quotas were sent to to gulagsgulags. This operation plan . This operation plan was successful to making Russia was successful to making Russia a leading a leading economic economic superpowersuperpower..

Industrial Revolution

How did Stalin deal with How did Stalin deal with opposition to him or his opposition to him or his

leadership?leadership?StalinStalin joined the joined the RightistsRightists to to use them to drive Trotsky, use them to drive Trotsky, Zinoviev and Kamenev out of the Zinoviev and Kamenev out of the Politburo. After Stalin got rid of Politburo. After Stalin got rid of TrotskyTrotsky in 1927, he turned in 1927, he turned against the Rightists to end NEP against the Rightists to end NEP and expand industry instead. The and expand industry instead. The majority of people in the majority of people in the PolitburoPolitburo supported Stalin, so supported Stalin, so Bukharin and his supporters were Bukharin and his supporters were easily easily purgedpurged from the Politburo. from the Politburo. Stalin became the ultimate leader Stalin became the ultimate leader when Trotsky was exiled from when Trotsky was exiled from USSR in 1929 and his supporters USSR in 1929 and his supporters were either imprisoned or killed. were either imprisoned or killed. In 1940, an agent of the In 1940, an agent of the NKVDNKVD posed as Trotsky’s supporter and posed as Trotsky’s supporter and killed him with an ice-axe at his killed him with an ice-axe at his own house.own house.

Trotsky and Stalin

How did Stalin promote himself and How did Stalin promote himself and maintain popularity with the Russian maintain popularity with the Russian

people?people?Stalin created his godlike Stalin created his godlike cult of cult of personality personality through the use of through the use of propagandapropaganda and and the mass mediathe mass media, , manipulating the public. This cult of manipulating the public. This cult of personality was then used to obtain the personality was then used to obtain the devotion of the people, therefore giving devotion of the people, therefore giving Stalin ultimate power as a dictator. As Stalin ultimate power as a dictator. As the ultimate leader, Stalin controlled his the ultimate leader, Stalin controlled his image very carefully in order to expand image very carefully in order to expand the the soviet power soviet power and create and create unison unison in in the people. He the people. He censoredcensored all information all information which might represent badly of him. which might represent badly of him. Using Using propaganda propaganda places were named places were named after Stalin and pictures of him were put after Stalin and pictures of him were put everywhere. Through the everywhere. Through the word of word of mouthmouth, Stalin was known to be the , Stalin was known to be the “wisest man of the age”. To the extreme, “wisest man of the age”. To the extreme, history books were changed to make him history books were changed to make him the the herohero of the Revolution. Stalin was of the Revolution. Stalin was very successful in clouding the brains of very successful in clouding the brains of his people and cloud their judgment.his people and cloud their judgment. Stalin Propaganda

GlossaryGlossary CollectivesCollectives – –

a group of people who share or are motivated by at least one common issue or interesta group of people who share or are motivated by at least one common issue or interest KulaksKulaks – –

a farmer characterized by Communists as having excessive wealth a farmer characterized by Communists as having excessive wealth FamineFamine – –

an extreme scarcity of foodan extreme scarcity of food Five Year Plan Five Year Plan --

plan to stimulate economic development in the Soviet Unionplan to stimulate economic development in the Soviet Union Gulag Gulag – –

the penal system of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics consisting of a network of the penal system of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics consisting of a network of labor campslabor camps

PurgesPurges – –

the removal of elements or members regarded as undesirable and especially as the removal of elements or members regarded as undesirable and especially as treacherous or disloyaltreacherous or disloyal

NKVDNKVD – –

((Narodnyĭ komissariat vnutrennikh del)Narodnyĭ komissariat vnutrennikh del) People's Commissariat of Internal Affairs, People's Commissariat of Internal Affairs, Communist Secret PoliceCommunist Secret Police

Propaganda Propaganda – –

the spreading of ideas, information, or rumor for the purpose of helping or injuring an the spreading of ideas, information, or rumor for the purpose of helping or injuring an institution, a cause, or a personinstitution, a cause, or a person

Works CitedWorks CitedSources for InformationSources for Information Sources for ImagesSources for Images The Cult of Stalin and The Cult of Stalin and

PropagandaPropaganda. The Student . The Student Education Forum. 13 Apr. Education Forum. 13 Apr. 2009 2009 <http://studenteducationforu<http://studenteducationforum.ipbhost.com/index.php?m.ipbhost.com/index.php?showtopic=627>.showtopic=627>.

Brooman, Josh. Brooman, Josh. Stalin and the Stalin and the Soviet Union (The USSR 1924-Soviet Union (The USSR 1924-53)53). Longman 20th Century.. Longman 20th Century.

"BBC - History - Joseph Stalin "BBC - History - Joseph Stalin (1879 - 1953)." (1879 - 1953)." BBC - BBC - HomepageHomepage. 10 Apr. 2009 . 10 Apr. 2009 <http://www.bbc.co.uk/history<http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/stalin_joseph./historic_figures/stalin_joseph.shtml>.shtml>.

• Digital image. Earthstation. 12 Apr. 2009 <http://www.earthstation1.com/Warposters/jckaelin/Stalin_leads_jk.jpg>.

• Digital image. Wikimedia. 13 Apr. 2009 <http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fe/Pomni.jpg/220px-Pomni.jpg>.

• Digital image. Herrdramaturg. 12 Apr. 2009 <http://herrdramaturg.files.wordpress.com/2008/06/_42761719_trotsky_stalin416x300.jpg>.

• igital image. Flatrock. 14 Apr. 2009 <http://www.flatrock.org.nz/topics/history/assets/krup_industrial_revolution.jpg>.

Russian RevolutionRussian Revolution((1939-19531939-1953))

Emily ChenEmily ChenBryan LawBryan Law

Jonathan WangJonathan WangKevin LiKevin Li

Russia’s Relationships With Russia’s Relationships With Other Countries Prior to Other Countries Prior to

WWIIWWIILenin formed a new International known as the Comintern to promote world revolution on communism. The USSR used to have connections with all the major powers in the world but not necessarily friendly relations. When Hitler came to power, Stalin wanted to team with Britain and France. The two countries didn’t trust Communism, therefore Stalin decided to team with Hitler himself. On August 23rd, 1939, Stalin and Hitler signed a Nazi-Soviet Pact, agreeing not to fight each other. Japan was also a powerful country, and to prevent their attack, Stalin signed a Neutrality pact with Japan in 1941.

Soviet Union (USSR) Flag

Soviet Union Map

What impact did WWII have on What impact did WWII have on Russia’s and Stalin’s power?Russia’s and Stalin’s power?

Josef Stalin, as the leader of the Soviet Union, held great power. The Soviet Union became a world power under Stalin’s command. He began the reconstruction of the Soviet Union after World War 2, commanding everyone to rebuild factories. To prevent the civilians from escaping from their work, he lowered an “Iron Curtain” across the borders of the USSR, sealing off all foreign access. This gave Stalin complete control over the Soviet Union.

Josef Stalin

Part of the Iron Curtain

What Actions Did Stalin Take What Actions Did Stalin Take following WWII To Rebuild and following WWII To Rebuild and

Extend Russia’s Power?Extend Russia’s Power?Josef Stalin tightened his grip on his occupied territories. He gave power to the national leaders who were reliable and had fought alongside the Russians during the Battle of Stalingrad. He later supported communist movements such as Mao's in China, which in turn supported the communists fighting the French in Indochina (Vietnam). He inspired former Red Army officer Kim Il Sung to invade South Korea. Stalin worked hard to create new technologies such as nuclear weapons. He did this by a combination of espionage during the war, gifts of technology from the British and Americans, arresting German scientists, and promoting research.

Josef Stalin

Describe Russia’s Describe Russia’s Relationships with other Relationships with other

countries after WWIIcountries after WWIIAfter the WWII ended in 1945, the Soviet Union dominated most of the land they liberated from the Nazis. The Eastern Europe States were known to the USSR as the “Iron Curtain”, acting as a buffer zone and protected the western boarders of mainland Russia. The Cold War between USSR and US took place in the mid 1940’s when WWII just ended. During the Cold War, there were conflicts between the States and USSR as the two countries strived to be the first in every technological development.

GlossaryGlossaryComintern: The Comintern also known as the Communist

International was an international Communist organization founded in Moscow in March 1919 to promote communism.

Nazi-Soviet Pact: In 1939, Stalin signed the pact with Hitler agreeing not to fight each other. It is known as the Nazi-Soviet Pact.

Neutrality Pact: Stalin signed the Neutrality Pact with Japan in 1941, fearing that they would attack the Soviet Union.

Iron Curtain: The Iron Curtain is a boundary that physically divides Europe into two areas after World War II.

Reconstruction: To rebuildBuffer Zone: A buffer zone is a zone that serves to separate two or

more areas.Battle of Stalingrad: The battle between Nazi Germany with its

allies and the Soviet Union for control of the city Stalingrad.

Works CitedWorks CitedSources for Information BROOMAN, JOSH. STALIN AND

THE SOVIET UNION U. S. S. R., 1924-53 (LONGMAN 20TH CENTURY HISTORY SERIES). New York: LONGMAN, 1988.

"Cold War." Compton's by Britannica. 2009. Encyclopedia Britannica Online School Edition. 14 Apr. 2009 <http://www.school.eb.com/comptons/article-9273726>.

"World War II." Compton's by Britannica. 2009. Encyclopedia Britannica Online School Edition. 14 Apr. 2009 <http://www.school.eb.com/comptons/article-9277798>.

Sources for Images• All images from Corbis

Documents

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