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Rural Society and Polity
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Introductory Concepts on Society andCulture
Society is a system of usages andprocedures , of authority and
mutual aid, ofmany groupings and divisions, of controls of
human behaviour and of liberties Mutual awareness
Society involves both likeness and
difference Man is a social animal
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Community
Wherever the members of any group ,small or large, live together
in such a waythat they share , not this or that particularinterest
, but the basic conditions of a
common life, we call that group acommunity.
Locality a territorial area
Community Sentiments- Sense ofbelonging
Great and Small Communities
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Associations
Association is a group organised for the pursuit of aninterest
or group of interests in common. Associations and communities are
different because of
interest aspect of associations Sometime associations become
communities such as
monasteries, convents and prisons State is also a form of
association Schools, colleges, University, Political Parties,
Sects,
Churches, army, police etc. are all associations Corresponding
to its peculiar method the association has
a corporate character. Through legal recognition of
theseconditions, duties and privileges it is given the shape ofa
corporation in legal language.
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Institutions
Institutions are established forms of procedurecharacteristic of
group activity
Institutions are recurrent, repetitive and purposive Every
association with respect to its interest has its
characteristic institutions We belong to community and
association but not to
institutions Marriage, representative government,
legislative
procedures, examination are examples of institutions
Community also establish institutions- dating, groupmarriages,
levirate, child marriage etc. Community Institutions develop
gradually and attain a
social form
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Individual and Society
Individual- a product of growth of society Society is not just a
sum of individuals and is a
phenomenon of different order Societies have evolved from
mechanical
solidarity (primitive) to organic solidarity
(modern) Mechanical solidarity (MS) is solidarity of
resemblance Organic solidarity (OS) is solidarity of
difference
based on structural differentiation and divisionof labour
Transition marking this change is reflected by
change from repressive to restitutive law
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Individual and Society (contd.)
Society is present in some form in all
individuals Even religion has been interpreted as
transfigured form of society
Society is recreated in every social formthrough distinctive
ways and methods
Major reasons of suicides are interpreted aseither Too much
integration with society
Too little integration with society and
Normlessness in society
