Rural Electrification Based on Renewable Energies

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RURAL ELECTRIFICATION

BASED ON RENEWABLE

ENERGIES


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CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION

BENEFITS

NATIONAL ELECTRICITY GRID ELECTRICITY HOME SYSTEMS

MINI GRIDS

OFF-GRID SYSTEMS

OPERATION AND MAINTAINANCE OF OFF-GRIDS

FUTURE ENHANCEMENT

CONCLUSION


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INTRODUCTION

An estimation in 2008 by International EnergyAgency(IEA), that 1.5 billion people, or 22% ofthe worlds population, living without access to

electricity, in that 85% of whom live in rural areas.

The IEA foresees that if current policies do notchange, by 2030 there will still be 1.3 billionpeople without access to electricity. The numberof people without electricity will even rise in Sub-Saharan Africa.


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SOLUTION

Modern Renewable Energy Technologies (RETs)to achieve this goal.

However, technology alone is not enough anduniversal access requires sustainable operationand business models, political efforts andtargeted public support.


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BENIFITS

Fosters education by providing light and communication tools .

Reduces child and mortality as well as the incidences of disease by

enabling refrigeration of medication as well as access to modernequipment.

Finally, if access to energy is implemented with environmentally

sound technologies, it directly contributes to global environmentalsustainability


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NATIONAL ELECTRICITY

GRID Extension of national electricity grid involves

interconnected network to deliver

electricity from suppliers to consumers through high-voltage transmission lines, that carry power from distant

sources to demand centers, and distribution lines thatconnect individual customers.

Limitations:

Extreme cost for transmission lines through ruralareas(according to the World Bank, grid extension pricesvary from $6,340/Km in densely populated country such asBangladesh to $19,070/Km in countries )

Mountainous or forest areas for instance, with difficultaccess for machinery, require more time and resources toinstall transmission lines.

One solution is to decrease cost is to decline quality ofservice


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ELECTRICITY HOME

SYSTEMS Small power systems are designed to power individual households or smallbuildings and provide an easily accessible, relatively inexpensive, andsimple to maintain solution.

The dispersed character of rural settlements is an ideal setting withrenewable energies (RE) that are especially competitive in remoteareas.They are as follows:

Pico PV system (PPS), Solar home systems (SHS)

Small hydro power (SHP)

Wind home systems (WHS)

In these stand-alone systems, power generation is installed close to the loadand there are no transmission and distribution costs. Moreover, to keep prices

affordable, components can be minimised and capacities maintained lowmainly serving small DC appliances for lighting and communication.

However, capacities and potential are very different

between the different EHS.


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PICO PV SYSTEMS

PV System can be defined as an off-grid-system with one orseveral solar PV modules and various appliances serving an independentuser


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AC ,DC SOLAR

RESIDENTIAL SYSTEM


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HYBRID SOLAR

RESIDENTIAL SYSTEM


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SMALL WIND HOME

SYSTEMS


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Mini-grids

(fed by hybrid power

systems) A mini-grid also referred as a micro-grid or isolated-grid

provides electricity generation at the local level, using village-wide distribution networks not connected to the main nationalgrid.

The production is managed by an operator who can takedifferent legal forms and who supplies electricity to severaldistinct and autonomous end-users against payment orparticipation.

A mini-grid can be supplied by all sorts of energy resourcesand power plants, but here we focus on those supplied byhybrid power systems 15. Most of the time, a mini-grid will uselow AC voltage (220 or 380V) with centralized production andstorage and will have an installed capacity of between 5 and300kW even though bigger systems exist.

A hybrid power system uses renewable energy as a primarysource and generator as a back up resource. This solution isespecially interesting for isolated villages/small towns.


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Future enhancements

Energy efficiency and demand sidemanagement.

Technological progress and decreasing

generation costs through

1.Technology manufacturing prices.

2. Innovative storage technologies.


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CONCLUSION

It has been concluded that rural electrification presentsdifferent load patterns and are smoother. Besides, in case ofremote areas that present small incomes (common

parameters for most rural areas)

In this outline, renewable energy resources are aninteresting solution, especially integrated in microgrids.Difficulties inherent to this kind of electrical systems are theintermittency in supply and consequent storage needs. Thisleads to the design of tailored grid control strategies. Projects

to be faced in these parameters need to comply withinternational quality standards in order to improve thelikelihood of the projects success.

The rural electrification based on renewable energies indeveloping countries promises a cleaner, cheaper and moredemocratic way of improving the quality standard of an

important section of the worlds population.


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QU RI S

Documents

Rural Electrification Based on Renewable Energies