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Rural churches: the wider pictureTrevor Cooper
Rural churches: the wider picture
Slides for conference at York, 10 November 2005Shaping the future of rural churches: how do we save our church buildings?
NOTE: at the end of the pack are a few additional slides
Copyright: You may use the information on the slides without asking permission,but please acknowledge the source. Please do not use the actual slides orthe images on them without asking me first.
Health warning: in some cases, the data is very new and has not been checked.It would therefore be wise to check with me before using any data in this pack. I will not be held responsible for the consequences of any errors in any of the data.
Trevor [email protected]
William Cobbett1763 – 1835
Author Rural Rides, etc
Rural churches – the wider picture
Kesgrave, SuffolkSimon Knott, www.suffolkchurches.co.uk/
Overview – all churches• measuring support• listed churches• redundancy
Rural churches• net rural immigration• support• state of buildings• use
So what?
Population per Anglicanchurch building, 2003
up to 2000
2001 - 3000
3001 to 4000
4001 to 6000
Source:Statistics (CofE) 2003/4
over 6000
Population and number of churches by rural environment (populn 2001 / churches 2004)
Source: State of Countryside 2005;CofE, Archbishops' Council
AreaPopul'n (million) %
Churches %
People per church
Less Village / hamlet / isolated dwelling4.7 10.0 6,900 43 700sparse Town and fringe 4.2 9.0 1,700 10 2,500
Urban >10K 39.5 80.0 6,400 40 6,200
Sparse Village / hamlet / isolated dwelling0.5 0.8 970 6 500Town and Fringe 0.2 0.4 110 1 2,000Urban >10K 0.1 0.2 20 1 4,200
England* 49.1 100 16,020 100Excluding Channel Islands and Sodor & Man, c. 176 churches
Sparsity (by census output area)
Source: State of Countryside 2005;
no data for Liverpool, Wakefield, Carlisle, Sodor and Man
less than 30%
30% – 49%
50% - 59%
60% - 69%
Proportion of churches whichare Grade I or II* listed
Source: How do we keep our parish churches?
70% - 79%
80% and over
?
n/a
?
?
Source: see previous slides
people per church % listed
?
n/a
?
?
63
66
73
75
76
91
161
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
Attendance onSunday
Easter daycommunicants
Attendance duringweek
Christmas day / evecommunicants
Electoral roll (adults)*
Easter dayattendance
Christmas day / eveattendance
Some measures of support for CofE churches, 2003All ages,* per church building, total in brackets
Source: Church Statistics, 2003/4
except electoral roll; communicants will tend to be teenagers or older
(2.6m)(1.5m)
(1.2m)
(1.2m)
(1.2m)
(1.1m)
(1.0m)
63
66
73
75
76
91
161
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
Attendance onSunday
Easter daycommunicants
Attendance duringweek
Christmas day / evecommunicants
Electoral roll (adults)*
Easter dayattendance
Christmas day / eveattendance
Some measures of support for CofE churches, 2003All ages,* per church building, total for England in brackets
Source: Church Statistics, 2003/4
except electoral roll; communicants will tend to be teenagers or older
(2.6m)(1.5m)
(1.2m)
(1.2m)
(1.2m)
(1.1m)
(1.0m) (?? 2.0m)
allow for irregular
attendance
Number of parishes with given electoral rollless-sparse communities (2003)
Source: CofE, Archbishops’ Council
Electoral roll
Village, hamlet and isolated
dwellingTown and
fringe
1 - 10 280 3011 - 20 920 8021-30 970 10031-50 1430 21051-100 1380 410more than 100 830 520
Total no. of parishes
5810 1360
less than 5%
5% – 9%
10% - 14%
15% upwards
Proportion of churchesmade redundant,1970 - 2002
Source: Church Commissioners
Minimum number of regular attenders for viable church, 1988Interviews with 89 rural clergy
Source: Rural Church Project: The Rural Church: Staff and Buildings
Minimum number of attenders
Number %
5 or less 7 86 - 10 9 1011 - 20 7 8more than 20 9 10Impossible to say 57 64
Total clergy responding 89 100%
Clergy giving this answer
Rural churches – the wider picture
Hempnall, NorfolkSimon Knott, www.norfolkchurches.co.uk/
Overview – all churches• measuring support• listed churches• redundancy
Rural churches• net rural immigration• support• state of buildings• use
So what?
negative
6 – 10%
11 – 15%
Source:Statistics (CofE) 2003/4 and 1983
0 – 5%
15 – 20%
above 20%
?
Average overEngland: 6%
Population % change,1981 – 2001
Proportion of secondresidences / holiday homes
Source: State of Countryside 2005;
‘Usual Sunday attendance’, rural and urban dioceses
Source: Church Statistics, and CofE Yearbook, various years
rural = Exeter, Gloucs, Hereford, Lincoln, Norwich, Peterborough, Salisbury, St Edmundsbury & Ipswichurban = Birmingham, Liverpool, London, Manchester, Sheffield, Southwark, Wakefield
2219 19 18
17 15 14
51
39 3735
3128
24
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
Su
nd
ay
att
en
da
nc
e p
er
10
00
po
pu
ln
Urban dioceses Rural dioceses
Changes in level of support, average of nine rural dioceses
dioceses = Carlisle, Gloucester, Hereford, Lincoln, Norwich, St E & I, Salisbury, TruroSource: Lankshear, 2004, in Rural Theology, Volume 2, Part 2 (Issue 63)
population (thousands)
464491
546581
621
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s
easter day communicants (thousands)
35 36
30 31
26
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s
total on electoral rolls (thousands)
5651
41
35
29
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s
confirmation candidates
26472519
1686
1298
788
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s
Distribution of clergy in the diocese of Hereford, 1956
Source: The People, the Land, the Church, 1986
Distribution of clergy in the diocese of Hereford, 1956 & 1986
Source: The People, the Land, the Church, 1986
144 clergy
0 1 2 3 4 5
5 years backlog
3 years backlog
1 years backlog
5 years’ worthof newly notified repairs
years
backlog ofrepairs
questionnaire arrives randomly in the cycle, different times for different churches
How many years’ outstanding repairs would we expect?
repairsstart!
Backlog of repairs, 2003
• Average across dioceses is 4 years– Only ten more than 5 years (see cautionary note) – Only one more than 7 years (see cautionary note)
• No systematic difference between rural andurban dioceses
• BUT – do we know what the figures mean?• BUT – these are averages – we don’t know about the best and
worst individual churches
CAUTION – don’t try this at home– because annual repair spend is highly variable, and to obtain a
robust figure you will need more years’ data than have been published
Source: Church Statistics 2003/4 and Archbishops' Council
Breakdown of NUMBER outstanding repairs (2003):less-sparse villages, hamlets and isolated dwellings
Source: CofE Archbishops' Council
bands in £246
908
768
748
759
283
95
74
21
6
1
0 200 400 600 800 1000
0.1k - 1k
1k - 5k
5k - 10k
10k - 20k
20k - 50k
50k - 100k
100k -150k
150k - 250k
250k - 500k
500k - 1m
more than 1m
the information on this graph is new,and needs checking
NB: the number of zero-repair parishes is not shown
0.2
2.9
6.0
11.2
25.1
20.9
12.1
14.9
7.7
4.6
1.5
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
0 - 1k
1k - 5k
5k - 10k
10k - 20k
20k - 50k
50k - 100k
100k -150k
150k - 250k
250k - 500k
500k - 1m
more than 1m
Breakdown of COST outstanding repairs, £m (2003):less-sparse villages, hamlets and isolated dwellings
Source: CofE Archbishops' Council
£mbands in £
3400 parishes
500 parishes
the information on this graph is new,and needs checking
NB: the number of zero-repair parishes is not shown
0.2
2.9
6.0
11.2
25.1
20.9
12.1
14.9
7.7
4.6
1.5
0.1
1.6
3.1
7.3
25.7
31.3
17.5
22.5
31.7
19.6
46.1
0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0
0.1k - 1k
1k - 5k
5k - 10k
10k - 20k
20k - 50k
50k - 100k
100k -150k
150k - 250k
250k - 500k
500k - 1m
more than 1m
Less sparse Village, hamlet and isolated dwelling Less sparse Urban > 10k
Breakdown of outstanding repairs, £m (2003):less-sparse – villages etc, and urban
Source: CofE Archbishops' Council
£m
bands in £
the information on this graph is new,and needs checking
NB: the number of zero-repair parishes is not shown
Herefordshire: lockedand open churches,2001 - 2source: www.digiatlas.net/
Percentofchurchesopen,bycounty
County OpenLocked, key info
Special times Locked
Other uses
Gloucs Cotswolds 89 4 1 5 1Sussex 81 11 0 7Isle of Man 78 0 4 18Rutland 63 29 0 8Herefordshire 73 8 0 16 3Dorset 73 5 1 19 2Norfolk 62 22 3 14 1Cambridgeshire 59 20 1 20Oxfordshire 61 11 3 25Suffolk 54 28 0 18Gloucs V & F 57 12 2 28 0Shropshire 53 15 1 31Worcestershire 52 13 2 33Berkshire 51 6 1 41Northamptonshire 36 35 2 27Huntingdonshire 38 28 3 29 2Warwickshire 44 5 2 49Hertfordshire 40 11 2 47Bedfordshire 28 31 5 36Nottinghamshire 24 26 4 46Average 56 16 2 26 0.4
source: www.digiatlas.net/
Constraints mentioned holding back wider use of churchbuilding (2003):Rural churches in diocese of Worcester: 83 PCCs
Source: Vibrant Church, Glocs
Constraints noted PCC Response (% mentioning)
Fixed pews 45%Lack of toilets 42%Poor / no heating 19%Layout / lack of space 19%No running water 17%
Lack of kitchen facilities 12%Lack of facilities 10%Listed building / old building 10%Access 10%Parking 8%
Location 7%Alternative space 7%Cost 6%Sanctity of building 5%
Rural churches – the wider picture
Chippenham, CambridgeshireBen Colburn, Mark Ynys-Mon www.druidic.org/camchurch
Overview – all churches• measuring support• listed churches• redundancy
Rural churches• net rural immigration• support• state of buildings• use
So what?
Highnam, Gloscopyright Dr Digi
the end
additional slides
Grade I4,200
Grade II*4,200
Grade II3,800
unlisted4,000
335370
964
not to scale
12,400
= 16,200
8,200F/T
clergy
redundant
CCTX
other use
10,600readers
2,400NSM/OLM
retired ???
43
diocpriests,
etc
beneficeschurches
in use
redundantchurches, (end 2004)
8135
parishes
supporters
Church of England: some key numbers
about 25per year
Source: Church Statistics, 2003/4;Church Commissioners RCC 2004
£50m
£36m
found by churches
grants
EH/HLF £21m
VAT £6m
Landfill £2mtrusts,etc £7m
Major sources of grants etc, England & Wales (2002)
Some figures estimated, andto be treated with caution
Source: How do we keep our parish churches?
Mean Household
Income£k
Median Household
Income£k
Less Hamlet and isolated dwellings 36.8 32.1sparse Village 34.8 30.5
Town and fringe 30.6 27.2Urban >10K 29.2 25.9
Sparse Hamlet and isolated dwellings 29.0 25.3Village 28.0 24.7Town and fringe 24.4 21.9Urban >10K 23.4 21.1
All England 29.9 24.8
Area classification
Average household incomes (2004)
Source: State of Countryside 2005;
London 90Sheffield 86Southwark 78Portsmouth 41Manchester 40Worcester 40Birmingham 37Liverpool 36York 36Chester 35Winchester 35Canterbury 34Guildford 33St Albans 32
Wakefield 31Chelmsford 30Bristol 29Ely 28Ripon 28Chichester 28Coventry 28Sodor & Man 27Truro 26Newcastle 25St Edms & Ipswich25Norwich 25Gloucester 21Oxford 21
Carlisle 21Derby 20Leicester 19Hereford 19Bath & Wells 18Peterborough 16Durham 16Blackburn 15Southwell 14Rochester 13Lincoln 12Exeter 12Bradford 10Salisbury 10Lichfield 4
Outstanding repairs per church building, by diocese, 2003
£’000
Source: Church Statistics, 2003/4
Unrestricted ordinary income (2001), showing number of parishes in each income band
Source: How do we keep our parish churches?
Unrestricted ordinary income %
number of parishes (approx)
£0 - £1k 1 130£1k - £2k 2 260£2k - £5k 9 1150£5k - £10k 17 2180£10k - £20k 22 2820£20k - £30k 13 1670over £30k 37 474037Total 100% 12,951