RURAL ACCESS AND MOBILITY PROJECT (RAMP€¦ · Person: Engr. Dr. Emmanuel A. ADEYEMO, Ph.D., C.Eng., FASCE, FNSE,FNICE CEO/Managing Principal . ESIA Report Enugu State RAMP 2 06/2012

ESIA Report Enugu State RAMP 2 06/2012 Pheman Peniel Consultants Ltd

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FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF NIGERIA FEDERAL PROJECT MANAGEMENT UNIT (FPMU)

RURAL ACCESS AND MOBILITY PROJECT (RAMP)

Consulting Services for Detailed Engineering, Safeguard Studies & Preparation of Bidding Documents for Prioritised Roads in ENUGU STATE under RAMP 2

Environmental & Social Impact Assessment Report (ESIA)-Revised

June, 2012

E1965 v9

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CONTACT INFORMATION

Firm: PHEMAN PENIEL CONSULTANTS Ltd

Address: 76B, Adeniyi Jones Avenue (2nd Floor),

PO Box 14006, Ikeja,

Lagos, Nigeria

Tel:. 0803 403 1493

0805 507 3665

0807 884 5071

Text: 0807 884 5071

Email: [email protected],

[email protected],

[email protected]

Website: www.phemanpeniel.com

Contact

Person: Engr. Dr. Emmanuel A. ADEYEMO, Ph.D., C.Eng., FASCE, FNSE,FNICE

CEO/Managing Principal

mailto:[email protected]



http://www.phemanpeniel.com/


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TABLE OF CONTENTS Page

Title Page 1

Contact Information 2

Table of Contents 3

Submission Letter 5

Abbreviations and Acronyms 7

List of Tables 7

List of Figures 7

List of Pictures 7

Executive Summary 8

1.0 Introduction and General Description of Project 10

1.1 Background on the Project 10

1.2 Objective of RAMP2 10

1.3 Objectives of ESIA Study 10

1.4 Description of the Road Projects 11

1.5 Approach and Methodology 12

1.6 Report Structure 13

2.0 Policy, Legislative, Regulatory, and Administrative Considerations 15

2.1 Introduction 15

2.2 Policy and Regulatory Framework 15

2.3 Nigerian Regulatory Framework 16

2.4 Summary of World Bank Environment and Social Safeguard Policies 20

2.5 Conclusion 20

3.0 Description Of The Proposed Road Projects 21

3.1 Ownership Status, Pavement Conditions And

Intervention Type of Project Roads 21

3.2 General Description of Project Roads 21

3.3 Project Justification 23

4.0 Description Of Project Environment And Social Context 27

4.1 Physical Setting 27

4.2 Socio-Cultural Environment 29

4.3 Natural Resources 32

4.4 Summary of socio-economic Data 32

5.0 Public Participation And Consultations 33

5.1 Public Consultations 33

5.2 Inventory of Potential Losses 33

5.3 Community Concerns 34

6.0 Environment Impacts And Mitigation Measures 35

6.1 Vegetation and Wildlife 35

6.2 Physical Impacts 35

6.3 Hazardous Materials and Solid Waste Management 35

6.4 Impact on Freshwater Resources 35

6.5 Impact on Water Supply 36

6.6 Construction Camps 36

6.7 Quarries/Borrow Pits 37


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6.8 Secondary and Cumulative Impacts 37

6.9 Air Quality and Noise Levels 37

7.0 Social Impacts And Mitigation Measures 39

7.1 Contribution to Poverty Reduction 39

7.2 Improved Access to Services and Facilities 40

7.3 Impact on Cultural Environment 40

7.4 Health and Safety 40

7.5 Traffic and Access Issues 41

7.6 Risk of Spread of Communicable Diseases and Trafficking 42

7.7 Other Social Impacts-Stress on Resources and Infrastructure 43

7.8 Gender Issues 44

8.0 Environmental And Social Management Plan 46

8.1 Institutional Responsibilities 46

8.2 Responsibilities of the Contractor 47

9.0 Environmental Monitoring Plan 48

9.1 Introduction 48

9.2 Contingencies, Complaints and Incidents 48

9.3 Reporting and Review 49

APPENDICES: 49

Appendix A: Environmental and Social Screening Reports (Tables Ap1.1-Ap1.4) 50

Appendix B: Environmental and Social Management Plans (Tables Ap2.1-Ap2.4) 58

Appendix C: Environmental Monitoring Plans (Tables Ap3.1-Ap3.4) 88

Appendix D-2: Minutes of Consultation and Notification Meeting (Umuaniagu) 98

Appendix D-3: Minutes of Consultation and Notification Meeting (Ojor) 101

Appendix E: Summary of World Bank Environment and Social Safeguard Policies 104


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June 18, 2012

The National Coordinator, (Federal Project Management Unit),

RURAL ACCESS and MOBILITY PROJECT (RAMP),

NAIC House,

Plot 590, Zone AO,

Along Airport Road, Central Area, Abuja, Nigeria

Dear Sir,

Re: Consulting Services for Detailed Engineering, Safeguard Studies & Preparation of Bidding

Documents for Prioritised Roads in ENUGU STATE under RAMP 2

ESIA Report (Revised)

We hereby submit the revised ESIA Reports on the above project.

In accordance with the Terms of Reference (TOR) and the signed Contract Agreement.

Thank you very much.

Yours sincerely,

Pheman Peniel Consultants Ltd.

Engr. Dr. Emmanuel A. ADEYEMO

CEO/Managing Principal


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ABBREVIATIONS and ACRONYMS

AADT Average Annual Daily Traffic

ADT Average Daily Traffic

ARAP Abbreviated Resettlement Action Plan

AFD Agence Francaise de Developpment

BEME Bill of Engineering Measurements and Evaluation

CBN Central Bank of Nigeria

DFID Department for International Development, UK

DP Displaced Persons

EMP Environmental Management Plan

ESG Enugu State Government

ESIA Environmental and Social Impact Assessment

ESMF Environmental and Social Management Framework

ESMP Environmental and Social Management Plan

FGD Focus Group Discussion

FGN Federal Government of Nigeria

FMoH Federal Ministry of Health

FMW Federal Ministry of Works

FPMU Federal Project Management Unit

GDP Gross Domestic Product

HIV/AIDS Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome

IDA International Development Association

LEEDS Local Economic Empowerment and Development Strategy

LGA Local Government Authority

NBS National Bureau of Statistics

NEEDS National Economic Empowerment and Development Strategy

PAD Project Appraisal Document

PAP Project Affected Person

PIM Project Implementation Manual

PRA Participatory Rural Appraisal

PRS Poverty Reduction Strategy

RAMP Rural Access and Mobility Project

RAP Resettlement Action Plan

RoW Right of Way

RPF Resettlement Policy Framework

SEEDS State Economic Empowerment and Development Strategy

SPIU State Project Implementation Unit

SSI Semi Structured Interview

WHO World Health Organisation

WB World Bank

UN United Nations

UNICEF United Nations International Children Education Fund


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LIST OF TABLES Page

Table 1.1: Prioritised Clusters of Roads in Enugu State 10

Table2.1: Summary of Requirements of Bank Safeguards policies

Triggered by the Activities of Ramp 11 16

Table 2.2: Comparison of Nigerian Land-use (1978) and World Bank’s

OP 4.12 19

Table 3.1: Ownership Status, Pavement Condition and proposed

Intervention Type 21

Table 4.1: Population Characteristics of Affected Communities 28

Table 4.2: Projected Population Distribution for the LGAs with RAMP

Intervention Areas 29

Table AP 1.1: Environment and Social Screening for Cluster ₦1 Roads 51




Table AP 2.1: Environment and Social Management Plan for Cluster ₦1 Roads 60




Table AP 3.1: Environment Monitoring Plan for Cluster ₦1 Roads 88




Table AP 4.1: Matrix of Accessibility and Mobility Data 95

Table AP4.2: Matrix of Economic Efficiency Data 96

Table AP4.3: Matrix of Social Impact Data 97

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1.1: Road Map of Enugu State 13

LIST OF PICTURES

Pix D-1: Stakeholders@ Umuaniagu 95

Pix D-2: Women Group @ Umuaniagu 95

Pix D-3: Stakeholders @ Ojor 96


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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

ES.1: Introduction

The objective of RAMP 2 is to provide rural communities with improved access to social services and economic

opportunities, and to enhance the capacity of relevant government institutions to better manage rural

transport infrastructure. The indicative objective is to rehabilitate/upgrade 203.45km of rural roads divided into

four clusters (59.26km, 57.16km, 42.22km and 44.81km)of roads in Enugu State.

ES.2 Objectives of ESIA Study

The overarching objective of the study was;

a. To identify and evaluate the environmental effects, which will be caused by the proposed project,

including any potential indirect and cumulative effects taking into account other initiatives planned in

the study area.

b. To identify and evaluate environmental and social-economic effects which will be caused by the

proposed construction and operation of the road.

c. To identify and describe procedures and measures that will mitigate the predicted adverse impacts of

the project and measures that will enhance its beneficial effects.

d. To ensure that proposed mitigation measures during construction stages are implemented.

e. To undertake a cultural impact assessment and,

f. Develop an environmental and social management monitoring plan.

ES.3 Potential Environmental and Social Impacts: Potential environmental and social impacts were identified on

two (2) roads and in two communities listed below.

Road #13: UNTH-Enuguagu Ndiagu-Umuaniagu-Obe Amuri Road (11.88kM) at Umuaniagu Village.

Three (3) major traditional religion shrines located within the RoW at Chainage 2+050 of the proposed

road and belong to the community. They are a communal cultural heritage site . The shrines will be

relocated to locations religiously acceptable to the community but will be outside the RoW of the

proposed road. The community through the custodians of the shrines will be compensated for the cost of

relocation.

Between 2+050 and 2+550, there are 63 oil palm trees and 54 fruit trees on cassava farmland on the

RoW of the proposed road. This is a case of land acquisition for the road project.. The owners will be

compensated for both economic loss and land.

4,500 square metres of cassava and farmland on the RoW of the proposed road. This is a case of land

acquisition for the road project.. The owners will be compensated for both economic loss and land.

Road #12: Adani-Asaba-Igga-Ojor Road (9.94kM) @ Ojor Village.

At Chainage 8+825, three major shrines (3m x 3m) and forty(40) minor shrines (worship spots under trees),

all traditional religion shrines of the community are located within the RoW of the proposed road. They

are a communal cultural heritage site . The shrines will be relocated to locations religiously acceptable to

the community but will be outside the RoW of the proposed road. The community through the

custodians of the shrines will be compensated for the cost of relocation.

At 8+825 – 9+075, there is a 1,200 square metres of cassava and farmland on the RoW of the proposed

road. This is a case of land acquisition for the road project. The owners will be compensated for both

economic loss and land.


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At 8+890, there is a community transformer with protective blockwall (5m x 5m) on the RoW of the

proposed road. The transformer will be relocated about 10metres away from its current location. The cost

of relocation will be paid to the community.

At 9+200 - 9+800, there exists a land area (600m x 6m) i.e. 3m on either sides beyond the cassava farm to

be acquired for the road. This is a case of land acquisition for the road project and compensation will be

paid to the owner.

General Environmental Impact: For all settlements and villages on all the 15 Roads: Noise and Dust from

construction activities.

ES.4 Project Environmental and Social Screening Categorization

Each of the 15 potential project roads has been categorized, based on the visual survey and initial

consultations into Category B. Based on the outcomes of the screening exercise which have been tabulated in

Tables AP1.1, AP1.2, AP1.3 and AP1.4 in Appendix A, all the road projects in the four (4) clusters fall under

Category B and are qualified to be financed under RAMP II because their environmental impacts are less

adverse. The projects qualify for Category B because more than 50% of the screening outcomes are “Nos”

according to Tables AP1.1, AP1.2, AP1.3 and AP1.4.

ES.5 Environment Impacts and Mitigation Measures

In addition to the compensatory measures recommended for the affected people, necessary mitigation

measures have been recommended as they relate to ecology, physical environment, use of hazardous

materials, generation of solid waste, effects on water supply and water resources, operation of construction

camps and management of borrow pits during construction. The environmental impacts of the roads are less

adverse. See Chapter 6.

ES.6 Social Impacts and Mitigation Measures

Social impacts have been identified and necessary positive impacts and mitigation recommendations as they

relate to poverty reduction, improved access to services and facilities, cultural environments, health and safety,

traffic and access, risk and spread of communicable diseases and trafficking, stress on resources and

infrastructure and gender mainstreaming have been highlighted in the main report. The social impacts of the

roads are positive. See Chapter 7.

ES.7: Environmental and Social Management Plans (ESMPs)

The ESMPs for the four clusters of road are cost effective and are achievable. See Appendix B. There is no

marginal cost implication except for the cost of ARAP which have been included in the Bills of Engineering

Measurements and Evaluation for the two (2) affected roads. The cost estimates for institutional responsibilities

and training needs have already been taken care of under Component #3 of RAMP2: Capacity Building and

Project Administration and do not need to be duplicated in this report.

ES.8: Environmental Monitoring Plans (EMPs)

The EMPs for the four clusters of road are cost effective and are achievable. See Appendix C. There is no

marginal cost implication except for the cost of ARAP which have been included in the Bills of Engineering

Measurements and Evaluation for the two (2) affected roads. The cost estimates for institutional responsibilities

and training needs have already been taken care of under Component #3 of RAMP2: Capacity Building and

Project Administration and do not need to be duplicated in this report.


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1.0 INTRODUCTION AND GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

1.1 BACKGROUND ON THE PROJECT

The Federal Government of Nigeria has commenced with the implementation of the Rural Access and Mobility

Project (RAMP) in Enugu State with support financing from the World Bank and the Agence Francaise De

Developpment (AFD) and guided by the Government’s Rural Travel and Transport Policy (RTTP). The lead

agency for the Federal Government is the Federal Department of Agriculture (FDA) of the Federal Ministry of

Agriculture and Rural Development (FMARD). The Federal Project Management Unit (FPMU) is overseeing the

project on behalf of FDA, while the Enugu State Government is expected to implement it.

The overall objectives of RAMP is to support participating state and local governments in providing improved

all-weather access roads in selected and prioritized rural intervention areas, rehabilitate prioritized river

crossings and support the institutional reforms in the transport sector leading to optimization and improvement

of the sector management in Enugu State.

This component of RAMP2 involves the rehabilitation works for an indicative 203.45kM of rural and state roads in

Enugu State as well as the related design studies and external supervision activities.

1.2 Objective of RAMP 2

The objective of RAMP 2 is to provide rural communities with improved access to social services and economic

opportunities, and to enhance the capacity of relevant government institutions to better manage rural

transport infrastructure. The indicative objective is to rehabilitate 203.45km of rural roads in Enugu State. Road

standards will be determined as part of the road design studies, with proper economic justification. Considering

traffic levels observed on rural roads in Enugu state (current average daily vehicle traffic (AADT) of less than 50

vehicles per day (vpd) and typical current motorcycle traffic of 50 to 100 cycles per day), it is expected that

the RAMP-2 project will rehabilitate existing roads, without any paving/asphalt treatment involved. The list of the

high priority roads in six (6) intervention areas in Enugu State is detailed in Table 1.1, the sub-division of the state

into intervention areas is shown in Figure 1.2.

1.3 Objectives of ESIA Study

The overarching objective of the study was to examine the environmental effects of the proposed rural roads

alignments and to advise the choice of the final alignment taking all environmental concerns into

consideration. The specific objectives of the study were:

a. To identify and evaluate the environmental effects, which will be caused by the proposed project,

including any potential indirect and cumulative effects taking into account other initiatives

planned in the study area.

b. To identify and evaluate environmental and social-economic effects which will be caused by the

proposed construction and operation of the road.

c. To identify and describe procedures and measures that will mitigate the predicted adverse

impacts of the project and measures that will enhance its beneficial effects.

d. To ensure that proposed mitigation measures during construction stages are implemented.

e. To ensure that the ESIA study conforms with RAMP Environmental and Social Management

Framework (ESMF), Resettlement Plan framework (RPF) and the project’s Abbreviated Resettlement

Action Plan (ARAP).

f. To undertake a cultural impact assessment and,

g. Develop environmental and social management and monitoring plans.


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1.4 Description of the Road Projects

Table 1.1 provides the names, lengths, locations and intervention areas of the high priority roads under the

second stage of the Rural Access and Mobility Project (RAMP2) in Enugu State. The administrative map of

Enugu State is shown in Figure 1.1.

Table 1.1: Prioritised Clusters of Roads in Enugu State

Cluster

Description: Intervention Areas and Road Links

Length

(KM)

1.

UDI Intervention Area

Rd 32 Umuabi-Ehuhe Achi Road 9.48km

Rd 36 Abor Road 4.46km

Rd 37 Egede – Awhum Road 6.50km

Rd 39 St. Mary Ngwo – Nsude Road: 6.25km

EZEAGU/OJI RIVER Intervention Area

Rd 41 Ugwuoba – Nkwere Inyi- Inyi Road 19.88km

Rd 42Isu Abaraji – Akpugo Eze – Inyi Market Road 12.69km

Total for Cluster #1 59.26kM

2.

NKANU EAST/NKANU WEST/ENUGU SOUTH Intervention Area

Rd 13 UNTH – Enuguagu Ndiagu-Umuaniagu–Obe – Amuri Road 11.88km

Rd 18 Mbogodo – Obinagu Uwani Akpugo – Ihuokpara Road 15.0km

ANINRI/AWGU Intervention Area

Rd 23 Mamaku-Awangbidi-Nkwe-Ezere-Isochi Road 9.28km

Rd 24 Uhueze Nenwe – Nomeh – Mburubu – Nara Road 21.00km


3.

IZI UZO Intervention Area

Rd 3 Neke – Umualor Road 16.84km

Rd 5 Neke – Mbu – Ogbodo Aba – Obollo Etiti Road 25.38km


4.

UZO UWANI Intervention Area

Rd 9a Ukpabi – Nimbo – Ugbene Ajima – Eziani Road 28.62km

Rd 9b Ikwoka –Amagu – Ajuona – Akabusiyi – Obimo Road 6.25km

Rd 12 Adani – Asaba – Igga - Ojor 9.94km


Grand Total

203.45kM


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1.5 Approach and Methodology

1.5.1 Research Reports and Surveys

This report is built upon the following works;

i. A preliminary Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) including Environmental and

Social Management and Monitoring Plans of May 2008 produced by the Federal Project Management

Unit of RAMP for Enugu and Osun States.

ii. A preliminary Resettlement Policy Framework produced by the Federal Project Management Unit of

RAMP.

iii. Prioritisation Study Report for Enugu State prepared by Pheman Peniel Consultants for FPMU in 2010.

iv. RAMP2 project appraisal document of 2011.

v. Terms of Reference for the preparation of ESIA report by FPMU.

vi. Reporting format prepared and made available by FPMU’s ESIA Consultant

These reports form an important backdrop to this report. They are available from the FPMU Office.

1.5.2 Compliance with the National, State and International Environmental Standards

The approach taken throughout this report is consistent with the environmental guidelines of the following

bodies.

i. Federal Ministry of the Environment of Nigeria’s Environmental Guidelines(1999 Presidential

Directives)

ii. Enugu State’s Ministry of the Environmental Guidelines;

iii. Environmental Impact Assessment Act Cap 139 LFN, 1992

iv. Land-use Act Cap 202 LFN 1990

v. Nigerian Urban and Regional Planning Law No. 88, 1992

vi. Other Government laws and regulations regarding environment and social issues;

vii. World Bank Environmental and Social Safeguard Policies (OP4.01, BP4.01 and GP4.01)

viii. World Bank Operational Policy (OP 4.12) on Involuntary Resettlement;

ix. World Bank Rural Roads Checklist;

.

1.5.2 Public Consultations

To understand the biophysical nature of the roads alignment area the field team visited the site. A survey along

the roads alignment was done and observations made of human habitat, vegetation and existing ecosystems

and places of cultural significance among others. Thus, it was important to visit the site between 19th and 23rd

March, 2012 for route alignment identification, confirmation and conduct baseline studies. This was followed by

detailed site investigation for social and environmental studies carried out from 16th to 20th April, 2012 and a

confirmatory census of PAPs from 28th to 30th May, 2012. During the site visits, the team was also able to meet

the relevant stakeholders.

1.5.3 Inventory of Potential Losses

The combined team of the Consultant and SPIU have visited each section of the roads to identify any assets

and people who may be negatively affected by the proposed road-works. An inventory of potential losses has

been developed for each section and had formed the basis of the ARAPs. Discussions with affected persons

and communities regarding compensation options and grievance redress procedures have been completed

for the affected roads.


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1.5.4 Environment and Social Management Planning, Review and Clearing Process

In this context, the social and Environment management process has involved the following steps and

procedures:

i. Scoping and Screening

ii. Project Categorization and Justification for ESIA

1.5.5 Environment Impacts and Mitigation Measures

In addition to the compensatory measures recommended for the affected people, necessary mitigation

measures have been recommended as they relate to ecology, physical environment, use of hazardous

materials, generation of solid waste, effects on water supply and water resources, operation of construction

camps and management of borrow pits during construction.

1.5.6 Social Impacts and Mitigation Measures

Social impacts have been identified and necessary positive impacts and mitigation recommendations as they

relate to poverty reduction, improved access to services and facilities, cultural environments, health and safety,

traffic and access, risk and spread of communicable diseases and trafficking, stress on resources and

infrastructure and gender mainstreaming have been highlighted in the main report.

1.5.7 Environmental and Social Management Plans (ESMPs)

The ESMPs for the four clusters of road which are cost effective and are achievable have been prepared.

1.5.8 Environmental Monitoring Plans (EMPs)

The EMPs for the four clusters of road which are cost effective and are achievable have been prepared.

1.5.9 Data Analysis and Presentation

Information/data obtained from the field was both qualitative and quantitative although the latter formed the

bulk of it. In this case therefore the information was synthesised into a report on project impacts, proposed

measures for mitigating the impacts including the opinions and concerns of the affected communities.

1.6 Report Structure

This report contains details of the Environmental Impact Assessment of the planned rural road upgrading

projects in Enugu State under the Rural Access and Mobility Project (RAMP2). The report is arranged as follows:

Executive Summary

Chapter One Introduction and General Description of Project

Chapter Two Policy, Legislative, Regulatory and Administrative Considerations

Chapter Three Description of the Proposed Project

Chapter Four Description of the Project Environment and Social Context

Chapter Five Public Participation and Consultation

Chapter Six Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures

Chapter Seven Social Impacts and Mitigation Measures

Chapter Eight Environmental and Social Management Plans

Chapter Nine Environmental and Social Monitoring Plans

Appendices


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Figure 1.1: Road Map of Enugu State


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2.0 POLICY, LEGISLATIVE, REGULATORY AND ADMINISTRATIVE CONSIDERATIONS

2.1 Introduction

The Nigerian government is committed to ensuring that the environment and the economic activities of people

are not negatively impacted in any way in the project areas. Nigeria recognizes that improving safety in the

road corridor by modifying existing land use within the safety corridor in the road reservation (i.e. partial or

complete demolition of sheds, building and farmlands) requires the application of both national policies and

laws and the relevant policies of the World Bank – the financing institution of the RAMP project. The Bank

requires that environmental and social impacts of the project it supports be mitigated according to operational

policies that spell out the principles and planning methods for mitigation work

An ESIA will be carried out in accordance with the laws of Nigeria and that of the World Bank Environmental

and Social safeguards, which has resulted in the preparation of this ESIA. Though the World Bank recognizes

improving road conditions as very important, the Banks applies ESIA whenever property must be acquired, or its

use modified, for a project, when acquisition or modification results in the loss of income, residence or access to

resources, either permanent or temporary.

2.2 Policy and Regulatory Framework

The following policy and regulatory frameworks guided the preparation of this ESIA:

2.2.1 World Bank Safeguard Policies

The World Bank Group is made up of two unique development institutions owned by 187 member countries: the

International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) and the International Development Association

(IDA).Each institution plays a different but collaborative role in advancing the vision of inclusive and sustainable

globalization. The IBRD aims to reduce poverty in middle-income and creditworthy poorer countries, while IDA

focuses on the world's poorest countries. Their work is complemented by that of the International Finance

Corporation (IFC), Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA) and the International Centre for the

Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID).

Whereas:

The World Bank uses Safeguard Policies which apply to projects owned by States and the Public

sector;

The IFC uses performance standards, and are used for projects owned or sponsored by the

private sector;

The MIGA provides political risks guarantees that may accompany an investment in an untested

environment.

This project is a public good under the ownership of the Federal and State Ministry of Works therefore; the World

Bank Safeguard Policies are used. The World Bank has 10+2 Safeguard Policies to reduce or eliminate the

adverse negative effects of development projects, and improve decision making.

With respect to this report (ESIA), the Environment Assessment (OP4.01, BP 4.01, GP 4.01) is applied. This

policy screen early for potential impacts and select appropriate instrument to assess, minimize, and mitigate

potentially adverse impacts. This policy promote public consultation of the affected groups and NGOs as early

as possible for category A and B projects.

This policy requires Environment assessment (EA) of projects/investments proposed for Bank financing to help

ensure that they are environmentally sound and sustainable, and thus improve decision making. The EA is a

process whose depth and type of analysis depend on the nature, scale, and potential Environment impact of

http://go.worldbank.org/SDUHVGE5S0

http://www.worldbank.org/ida/

http://www.ifc.org/

http://www.ifc.org/

http://www.miga.org/

http://icsid.worldbank.org/ICSID/Index.jsp

http://icsid.worldbank.org/ICSID/Index.jsp


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the activities proposed for funding under the RAMP II. The EA process takes into account the natural

environment (air, water, and land): human health and safety; social aspects (involuntary resettlement,

indigenous peoples, and cultural property) and transboundary and global Environment aspects. The

Environment and social impacts of the project will come from the activities and investments to be made under

Component 2 of the project that is upgrading, rehabilitation and maintenance of transport infrastructure.

However, since the exact technical details and location of the investments will not be identified prior to the

appraisal of this project, the EA process calls for the Federal Government of Nigeria (FGN), represented by the

Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Water Resources (FMAWR) to prepare an Environment and Social

Management Framework (ESMF) report which will establish a mechanism to determine and assess future

potential Environment and social impacts of the State’s Project Implementation Unit (SPIU) project investments

under the proposed RAMP II, and then to set out mitigation, monitoring and institutional measures to be taken

during implementation and operation of the project investments to eliminate adverse Environment and social

impacts, offset them, or reduce them to acceptable levels.

2.2.2 Involuntary Resettlement OP/BP 4.12

Significant efforts are to be made in the design and screening stages of proposed SPIU’s project investments, to

avoid impacts on people, land, property, including person’s access to natural and other economic resources,

as far as possible. Notwithstanding, land acquisition, compensation and resettlement of people seem inevitable

for certain types of investments on certain occasions. These social issues are of crucial concern to the FGN and

the Bank as its impact on poverty, if left unmitigated, is negative, immediate and widespread. Thus, OP 4.12 will

be triggered in those cases. Therefore, a Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) has been prepared by the

government and approved by the Bank in compliance with OP 4.12. The RPF sets the guidelines for the

Resettlement and Compensation Plans (RAPs) that would have to be prepared when any project investment

triggers this policy. The RAPs would have to be submitted to Enugu State Ministry of Environment (EnMOE) and

to the Federal Ministry of the Environment for approval; and would also have to be approved by the World

Bank as a condition for the commencement of civil works.

This policy would be triggered when the planned activities of the SPIU cause involuntary taking of land and

other assets resulting in: (a) relocation or loss of shelter, (b) loss of assets or access to assets (c) loss of income

sources or means of livelihood, whether or not the affected persons must physically move to another location.

The World Bank Safeguard policy OP/BP 4.12, in most cases, is not triggered because people are being

affected by physical displacement. It is triggered because the project activity causes land acquisition,

whereby a physical piece of land is needed and people may be affected because they are cultivating on

that land, they may have buildings on the land, they may be using the land for water and grazing of animals or

they may otherwise access the land economically, spiritually or any other way which may not be possible

during and after the project is implemented. Therefore, people are in most cases compensated for their loss (of

land, property or access) either in kind or in cash of which the former is preferred.

The resettlement policy applies to all affected and displaced persons regardless of the total number affected,

severity of impact and whether or not they have legal title to land. OP/BP 4.12 requires the RPF to be disclosed

both in Nigeria and at the Bank Info shop before project appraisal. A summary of the requirements of the Bank

Safeguards Policies triggered by the activities in RAMP II is presented below.

2.3 Nigeria Regulatory Framework

With regards to management of the bio-physical environment throughout Nigeria, the overall responsibility was

held by the now defunct Federal Environmental Protection Agency (FEPA), which was absorbed into the

Federal Ministry of Environment in 1999.


17

Table 2.1: Summary of Requirements of Bank Safeguards Policies Triggered by the activities in RAMP II

Bank Safeguards

Policy Triggered.

Action Required by

Triggered Policy By Whom Date action required by.

OP/BP 4.01

Environment

Assessment

1)Preparation of ESMF

2) Preparation of

specific rural road

ESMPs

1) ESMF by FMAWR

through the FPMU

2) Specific feeder

roads ESMPs by the

Consultant under

the supervision of

the FPMU and the

SPIU

1) ESMF to be approved by

Bank and disclosed in Nigeria

and Bank Info shop before

project appraisal date.

2) Sub project ESMP’s to be

approved by the Bank, FPMU,

EnMOE, FME and SPIU and

disclosed in the State before

commencement of civil

works.

OP/BP 4.12

Involuntary

Resettlement

1) Preparation of RPF.

2) Preparation of Sub

project ARAPs.

1) RPF by FMAWR

through the FPMU

2) ARAPS by the

Consultant

1) RPF to be approved by the

World Bank and disclosed in

Nigeria and World Bank Info

shop before project appraisal

date.

2) Sub project ARAPs to be

approved by the Bank, FPMU,

EnMOE, FME and SPIU and

disclosed in the State before

commencement of civil

works.

Federal Ministry of Environment (1999 Presidential Directive)

The Federal Environmental Protection Agency (FEPA) was established by Decree No. 58 of 1988 and

subsequently amended by Act 59 of 1992 with further amendment by Decree 14 of 1999. FEPA was absorbed

into the Federal Ministry of Environment (FMENV) in 1999 by a presidential directive and its functions among

others are now the responsibility of the new Ministry. The FEPA Act has now been repealed in the NESREA Act

No 25 of 2007. Though the FEPA Act has now been repealed in the NESREA Act No. 25 of 2007, the Regulations

pursuant to it are still valid in Regulatory terms.

The National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency (NESREA) Act No 25 of 2007

The Agency, shall, subject to the provisions of this Act, have responsibility for the protection and development

of the environment, biodiversity conservation and sustainable development of Nigeria’s natural resources in

general and environmental technology, including coordination and liaison with relevant stakeholders within

and outside Nigeria on matters of enforcement of environmental standards, regulations, rules, laws, policies

and guidelines.

NESREA mandate includes the establishment of federal Road air quality standards and effluent limitations,

protection of air and atmospheric quality; protection of the ozone layer; control of the discharge of hazardous

substances; inter alia and ensures that all major development projects in Nigeria are subject to mandatory

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) pursuant to EIA Act. No. 86 (Decree No. 86) of 1992.

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Act Cap 131 LFN 1992; This law makes it mandatory to have an EIA

study for any major development project likely to have adverse effects on the environment and seeks to

encourage the development of procedures for information exchange, notification and consultation between

organs and persons when proposed activities are likely to have significant environmental effects on boundary

or trans-state or on the environment of bordering towns and villages. The law prescribes the procedure for

conducting and reporting EIAs.


18

Sectoral EIA Guidelines

In September 1995, FEPA (now Federal Ministry of Environment) published Sectoral EIA Guidelines for

Infrastructural Projects. The Guidelines are for any project that involves:

Coastal Development Project

Port and Harbour Development Project

Railways

Roads and Highways,

Airports

Urban development project

Domestic water supply and sanitation project

Electrification projects

Nigerian Urban and Regional Planning Law No 88 of 1992

Section 333 requires every developer of Land exceeding 4000 m2 or four floors to submit a detailed EIA report

to an appropriate Development Control Department in the area of project location.

Land Use Act Cap 202 LFN 1990.

As contained in the Land Use Act of 1978, which was modified in 1990 all Land in Nigeria is vested in the

Governor of each state, and shall be held in trust for the use and common benefit of all people. The

administration of land area is divided into urban land, which will be directly under the control and

management of the Governor of each state; and non urban land, which will be under the control and

management of the Local Government. The Governor of each state will have the right to grant statutory rights

of occupancy to any person for any purposes; and the Local Government will have the right to grant

customary right of occupancy to any person or organization for agricultural, residential or any other purposes.

The rational for the Act was that dispute over land were resulting loss of lives and properties; moreover, that

the management and ownership of land needed to be streamlined and simplified; and furthermore that

citizens, irrespective of their social status, need support to realize their aspirations owning a place where they

and their family can lead a secure and peaceful life. Therefore the twelve (12) sections found to be relevant

to the RAP purpose are hereunder stated.

i) Section 1: Subject to the provisions of this Act, all land comprise in the territory of each state in

the Federation are hereby vested in the Governor of each state and such land shall be held in

trust and administered for the use and common benefit of all Nigerians in accordance with the

provisions of this Act.

i) Section 2 (a): All land in urban areas shall be under the control and management of the

Governor of each state; and (b) all other land shall be under the control and management of

Local government within the area of jurisdiction in which the land is situated.

ii) Section 5 (1): It shall be lawful for the governor in respect of land , whether or not in an urban

area (a) to grant statutory rights of occupancy to any person for all purposes.

iii) Section 6 (1): It shall be lawful for a Local Government in respect of land not in an urban area (a)

to grant customary rights of occupancy to any person or organization for the use of land in the

Local Government area for Agriculture, Residential and other purposes; (b) To grant customary

rights of occupancy to any person or organization for use of land for grazing purposes as may

be customary in the local government area concerned.


19

iv) Section 6 (3): It shall be lawful for a local Government to enter upon, use and occupy for public

purposes any Land within the area of its jurisdiction, and for the purposes, to revoke any

customary right of occupation on any such land.

v) Section 6 (5): The holder and occupier according to their respective interest of any customary

right of occupancy revoked under subsection (3) of this section shall be entitled to

compensation for the value at the date of revocation, of their unexhausted improvement.

vi) Section 6 (6): Where land in respect of which a customary right of occupancy is revoked under

this Act was used for Agricultural purposes by the holder, the local Government shall allocate to

such holder alternative land for use for the same purpose.

vii) Section 28 (1): It shall be lawful for the government to revoke a right of occupancy for overriding

public interest.

viii) Section 29(1): If a right of occupancy is revoked, the holder and occupier shall be entitled to

compensation for the value at the date of revocation of their unexhausted improvements.

ix) Section 29 (3): If the holder or occupier entitled to compensation under this section is a

community the Governor may direct that any compensation payable to it shall be paid (a) to

the community or (b) to the chief or leader of the community to be disposed of by him for the

benefit of the community in accordance with the applicable customary law (c) into some fund

specified by the Governor for the purpose for being utilized or applied for the benefit of the

community.

x) Section 29 (4): Compensation under subsection (1) of this section shall be (a) the land for the

amount equal to the rent, if any paid by the occupier during the year in which the right of

occupancy was revoked, (b) Buildings, installation or improvements thereon, for the amount of

the replacement cost of the building, installation or improvement, that is to say, such cost as

may be assessed on the basis of the prescribed method of assessment as determined by the

appropriate officer less any depreciation together with interest at the bank rate for delayed

payment of compensation and in respect of any improvement in the nature of reclamation

works, being such cost thereof as may be sustained by documentary evidence and proof to the

satisfaction of the appropriate officer, (c) crops on land apart from any building, installation or

improvement thereon, for an amount equal to the value as prescribed and determined by the

appropriate officer.

xi) Section 33(1): Where the right of occupancy of any developed land on which a residential

building had been erected is revoked under this Act, the Governor or the Local Government, as

the case may be may in his or its discretion offer in lieu of compensation payable in accordance

with the provision of this Act, resettlement in any other place or area by way of a reasonable

alternative accommodation (if appropriate in the circumstance).

In the event of use of land for public interest, the Act specifies as follows:

That the government should resettle and/or compensate occupants of land with

Certificate of Occupancy (C of O); or

Issue notice to occupiers of land prior to displacement of land for public project.

In practice, government does not compensate known rightful owners of land/asset when the affected

land/assets are located within the right of way of utilities. Rather, the government enforces involuntary

displacement by demolition the structures and assets that are located within the land mapped for project.


20

The ESIA for this road project will be aligned with the World Bank Operational Policy (OP 4.01) which indicates

best practices to environment and social livelihoods of people affected by the implementation of the project.

2.3.1 Comparison between Land Law in the Federal Government of Nigeria and Bank OP 4.12

The RPF also presented a comparison of the Land Laws in Nigeria with the World Bank Policy. Whereas the law

relating to land administration in Nigeria is wide and varied, entitlements for payment of compensation are

essentially based on right of ownership. The Bank’s OP4.12 (Appendix 2) is fundamentally different from this and

states that affected persons are entitled to some form of compensation whether or not they have legal title if

they occupy the land by a cut-off date. However, as the proposed Road Rehabilitation is to be funded by the

World Bank, the principle of OP 4.12 is not negotiable and must be adhered to. As a result, the ESIA would

adopt the Land Use Act 1978 (modified in 1990) and where, there is conflict, the Bank OP 4.12 would take

precedence. The comparison is presented in Table 2.2.

Table 2.2: Comparison of Nigerian Land Use Act (1978) and World Bank’s OP 4.12

Categories of

PAPs/Type of Lost Asset

Nigerian Land Use Act

World Bank

Land Owners

Cash compensation based

upon market value

Recommends land-for-land

compensation, or cash compensation

at replacement cost.

Land Tenants

Entitled to compensation

based on the amount of

rights they hold upon land.

Entitled to some form of compensation

subject to the legal recognition of their

occupancy.

Land Users

Not entitled to compensation

for land; entitled for

compensation for crops

Entitled for compensation for crops, for

land replacement and income loss

compensation for minimal of the pre-

project level.

Owners of Non

permanent Buildings


on prevailing market value

Entitled to in-kind compensation or

cash compensation at full

replacement cost including labour

and relocation expenses, prior to

displacement.

Owners of permanent

Buildings


on prevailing market value

Entitled to in-kind compensation or

cash compensation at full

replacement cost including labour

and relocation expenses, prior to

displacement.

The ARAP for this road project will be aligned with the World Bank Operational Policy (OP 4.12) which indicates

best practices to rehabilitation of livelihoods of people affected by the implementation of the project. Hence,

where there are gaps between the Land Use Act (1978) and the World Bank Policy (OP 4.12), in regard to

compensation of PAPs, the World Bank’s Policy will apply since it is to fund the project.

2.4 Summary of World Bank Environment and Social Safeguard Policies

These are listed under Appendix E.

2.5 Conclusion

However, in spite of the obvious similarities between Nigeria’s EIA Act and World Bank safeguard policy (OP/BP

4.01) on environmental assessment, in the event of disagreements, the more stringent will apply.


21

3.0 DESCRIPTION OF THE PROPOSED ROAD PROJECTS

3.1 Ownership Status, Pavement Conditions and Intervention Types of Project Roads

Table 3.1 provides information on the existing ownership status, pavement conditions and the required

intervention types of the project roads. From this table and the recent visit to the sites, it is evident that all the

roads are currently unpaved and are essentially earth roads. Some of these roads are virtually impassable

during wet season and they provide access to state and federal roads. All the roads also provide linkages with

a number of villages along their routes. All the project roads are being proposed for upgrading to earth road

with a graveled surface course.

3.2 General Description of Project Roads

3.2.1 Description of Project Roads

Each road has identifiable origin and destination and there are settlements and villages between the two

points. The roads are mostly one lane earth road up to sub-grade level which comprises of good lateritic

material and some clayey material in some sections. Along each road are markets, houses, places of worship,

academic institutions and health centres. The roads are generally motorable, but some sections have been

damaged due to lack of earth or lined drains. Concrete line drains are very important in all the roads as the

earth drains are easily damaged due to loose soil of the gullies in the rainforest areas.

Some of the existing earth drains have failed because of lack of proper maintenance. During our

reconnaissance survey to the road our team of engineers discovered some culverts which are either silted up or

buried.

3.2.2 Existing Road Condition

The roads are mainly one-lane vehicle paths, very rough and not to modern rural road standards. Sections of

the road have rocky, lateritic and clayey sub-grade. The width of the road throughout the entire stretch is

bounded by either forests or farmlands. A certain degree of surface roughness and severity is pronounced

along the entire length of the road.

3.2.3 Pavement

The roads have never been paved. The surface roughness is fair but generally the terrain of the project areas

are a difficult one. Our visit to the project sites reveals that the dwellers along these road corridors have

problem in getting to other areas of the state in terms of transportation. They all have lateritic surface. Most of

the services are located in the villages on the corridor of the roads with electric poles and water main pipes.

From observation, the sub-grade will provide a sound bearing stratum for the pavement structure and traffic

load. However, on the road corridor exist various locations for borrow pit which by inspection are good for

construction purpose.

The maximum speed attained on all the sections of the roads was 40 km/hr. The horizontal alignment is very

poor and the transitions between the straights and the curves are not smooth enough as these have effects on

the driving characteristics on the roads. The existing vertical alignment is fair for safety and motorability. The

vertical curves have sharps slopes and do not provide adequate sight distance over crests. In addition there

are culverts at most of the sags thereby reducing significantly the number of swampy locations. The average

width of the roads for most part is 6 metres, especially in the villages and settlements and restricted to 2m-4m

along the bushes as the edges of the roads have been overgrown with weeds.


22

There intersections that exist along the project corridors are safe and not critical as they allow for free flow of

traffic and have a good visibility. They have also been well channelized for easy and smooth flow of traffic. The

right of way for most part especially in the areas of farmland is limited. Within the village the right of way is not

limited as it is possible to obtain a width of 6m-7m at relevant points.

Table 3.1: Ownership Status, Pavement Condition and Proposed Intervention Type

Cluster

Description: Intervention Areas and Road Links

Owner

-ship

Paved

(KM)

Un-Paved

(KM)

Distance

(KM)

Interventi

on Type

1.

UDI Intervention Area

Rd 32 Umuabi-Ehuhe Achi Road State 0.0 9.48km 9.48km Upgrading

Rd 36 Abor Road LGA 0.0 4.46km 4.46km Upgrading

Rd 37 Egede – Awhum Road State 0.0 6.50km 6.50km Upgrading

Rd 39 St. Mary Ngwo – Nsude Road: LGA 0.0 6.25km 6.25km Upgrading

EZEAGU/OJI RIVER Intervention Area Upgrading

Rd 41 Ugwuoba – Nkwere Inyi- Inyi Road State 0.0 19.88km 19.88km Upgrading

Rd 42 Isu Abaraji – Akpugo Eze – Inyi Market Road LGA 0.0 12.69km 12.69km Upgrading


2.

NKANU EAST/NKANU WEST/ENUGU SOUTH

Intervention Area

Rd 13 UNTH – Enuguagu Ndiagu-Umuaniagu–Obe –

Amuri Road

LGA

0.0

11.88km

11.88km

Upgrading

Rd 18 Mbogodo – Obinagu Uwani Akpugo –

Ihuokpara Road

State

0.0

9.28km

9.28km

Upgrading

ANINRI/AWGU Intervention Area

Rd 23 Mamaku-Awangbidi-Nkwe-Ezere-Isuochi

Road

LGA

0.0

15.0km

15.0km

Upgrading

Rd 24 Uhueze Nenwe – Nomeh – Mburubu – Nara

Road

LGA

0.0

21.00km

21.00km

Upgrading


3.

ISI UZO Intervention Area

Rd 3 Neke – Umualor Road LGA 0.0 16.84km 16.84km Upgrading

Rd 5 Neke – Mbu – Ogbodo Aba – Obollo Etiti Road State 0.0 25.38km 25.38km Upgrading


4.

UZO UWANI Intervention Area

Rd 9a Ukpabi – Nimbo – Ugbene Ajima – Eziani Road LGA 0.0 28.62km 28.62km Upgrading

Rd 9b Ikwoka –Amagu – Ajuona – Akabusiyi – Obimo

Road

LGA

0.0

6.25km

6.25km

Upgrading

Rd 12 Adani – Asaba – Igga - Ojor State 0.0 9.94km 9.94km Upgrading


Grand Total

0.0

203.45kM

203.45k

M

3.2.5 Drainage

Concrete line drains do not exist along the routes at all, only earth drains which have failed are visible along the

project roads. However, some sections of some of the roads such as Abor and Mmaku-Awamgbidi-Nkwe-Ezere-

Isiochi Roads have unfailed line drains. There is need for new culverts in some sag locations in order to achieve

adequate draining of the flood run-off properly. Most of the culverts are silted up and it was gathered that

when it rains most of them are overtopped as they are inadequate in capacity to control flooding.


23

3.2.6 Bridges

Some of the roads have bridges while some do not have bridges.

3.2.7 Description of the Proposed Works

The project roads will involve works at the pre-construction phase, construction phase and operational phase.

Pre-construction phase activities involved:

Location of borrow pits, Project-affected Persons (PAPs) and the affected natural and human

resources

Identification of environmental and social impacts and preparation of ESIA.

Preparation of ARAP

Location of sources of water to be used in construction activities; and

Road alignment survey and traffic survey along the roads.

Engineering design

Economic Analysis, Cost Estimation, Bid Document, Tendering and Contract Awards.

Construction phase activities will involve the following:

Construction/upgrading of all roads listed on Table 3.1 of a total length of 203.45km;

Placement of road signs along the road.

Construction of the roads in communities will also require the provision of some basic road infrastructure such

as road signs etc other activities will include:

Haulage of materials;

Construction of temporary work camps;

Earthworks; and Construction supervision and monitoring.

After road reconstruction, the following measures will be undertaken:

Landscaping on specific sites where necessary;

Tree planting along the corridors, and

Road safety measures, such as bumps and signage.

3.3 PROJECT JUSTIFICATION

3.3.1 Background Information

Nigeria occupies an area of approximately 924,000 square kilometers and shares borders with Niger, Chad,

Cameroon, and Benin. The topography ranges from mangrove swampland along the coast to tropical rain

forest and savannah to the north. The Sahara desert encroaches upon the extreme northern part of the

country while gully erosion threatens the carrying capacity of lands in the south. Natural resources include

minerals, forest and water resources. The forests provide hardwood that is widely exploited as timber-poles,

scaffolding planks and stakes and as fuel wood as well as fruits and seeds. Inland waters provide over 120

species of fish while aquaculture has been gaining much prominence in the supply of fresh fish. Nigeria is the

most populous country in Sub-Saharan Africa with about 140 million people. The population of Nigeria is

predominantly rural, with about 36 per cent living in urban areas. Nigeria has over 110 universities and boasts of

an educated labor force. The United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization rates Nigeria’s farmland from


24

low to medium in productivity, but notes that most of the country is cultivable and would have medium to

good productivity, if properly managed. The principal export crops are cocoa and rubber, which together

account for nearly 60 percent of non-oil merchandises exports.

The country’s proven oil reserve, located mainly in the southeast and coastal area, amount to an estimated

proven 32 billion barrels, sufficient to last for about 37 years at the current rate of production. With the

production of 2 million barrels per day (mbd), Nigeria is the sixth largest producer in OPEC. Proven natural gas

reserves are estimated at 174 trillion cubic feet (equivalent to 30 billion barrels of crude oil), with energy content

slightly higher than the country’s oil reserves. These reserves are comparable to those of Algeria, and will last for

110 years at current production levels. It is expected that the export of gas will be substantial after the year

2004. Nigeria is also blessed with abundant solid mineral deposits including coal, tin ore, kaolin, gypsum,

columbite, gold, gemstones, barites, graphite, marble, tantalite, uranium, salt, soda, and sulphur. The main non-

oil exports include: cocoa, coffee, copper, cotton, ginger, groundnut, groundnut oil, gum Arabic, palm oil,

rubber, soya-bean and timber.

3.3.2 Enugu State

Based on the 2006 National Population and Housing Census Figures, Enugu State has a population of 3,267,837

(1,596,042 males and 1,671,795 females) within a total area of 7,737.6 sq. km. This gives a population density of

about 429 persons per sq. km., which is high when compared with the average national density of about 154

persons per sq. km. Expectedly, population concentration is highest in the urban centres, with densities ranging

between 300 and 600 per sq.km. In a state where the great majority of the people are rural, densities affect the

intensity of land use and productivity of the land. Four population density regions are recognised. Areas with

over 600 persons per sq. km and between 400 and 600 persons per sq. km. make up the congested rural

districts. Farmland is scarce in these two high density areas. The medium density areas support between 200

and 400 persons per sq. km, while the sparsely settled areas have an average density of less than 200 persons

per sq. km. Enugu State comprises of five (5) urban local government areas and twelve (12) rural local

government areas.

Settlement in the towns is usually laid out in distinct camps and residential quarters. In Enugu urban centre, for

example, residences are delineated into the Government Residential Area (GRA), the Ogui, Asata, Uwani, New

Haven, Awkunanaw, Garki, Abakpa Nike and Ogui Nike Areas, the Independence Layout, the Colliery Camps,

China Town and the Railway Artisan Quarters. Some are high density, while others are medium and low density

areas. The rural settlements are dispersed over much of the farmlands. For almost every community, however,

there are vast unoccupied areas set aside as farmlands and somewhat far removed from the settlements.

These farmlands are called 'agu' in each case, and it is from them that most of the year's harvests are taken.

Rural settlement nucleations are the exception rather than the rule.

3.3.3 Need For and Objectives of the Project

The rapid growth population within the urban settlement has strained the existing infrastructure since

transportation in the state is predominantly land-based, and this is adversely affecting levels of efficiency and

productivity within the state. With the inadequacy experience in infrastructural development, there is great

need therefore for the government to develop a strategic approach in decongesting the urban area of the

state by the linking the suburb and the rural areas of the state with good road network in order to facilitate the

movement of people from the area. This will discourage the populace from migrating to the urban area to

settle thereby reducing the burden on the urban infrastructure.

Furthermore, the existing federal and state highways do not provide connections to the rural areas and there is

an urgent need for alternative rural routes to achieve the required network of urban-rural roads. The planned

project is therefore meant to serve as an alternative route for motorist in order to achieve a balanced road

interconnections in Enugu State


25

The need for the planned rural road projects is therefore clearly evident. Economic development is facilitated to a

very large extent through infrastructure provision and development, and specifically access to this infrastructure. A

well-functioning rural infrastructure system is crucial for the economic growth of Enugu State.

3.3.4 Benefit of the Proposed Project

There are several benefits expected to accrue from this project. The beneficiaries include the project

proponents, the State and the local economy. The following are some of the benefits of the project: Besides

creating opportunities for agricultural, commercial and business activities, the planned project will improve

access to the rural areas and act as a catalyst for rural economic empowerment.. In addition, the benefits of

developing the project include the following:

i. Improve the transportation of people from rural areas to urban areas and to improve the rural road network

in Enugu State.

ii. commercial activity will increase within the rural areas due to the planned projects leading to the creation

of sustainable jobs and employment opportunities;

iii. vehicular emissions and air pollution resulting from traffic congestion would be significantly reduced and

contribute to a cleaner environment ;

iv. Improve the socio-economic interactions within each village and its environs.

3.3.5 Value of the Project

The total cost for the proposed projects is yet to be determined as of time of this study. However, it is expected

that the value will include the cost of basic and detailed engineering designs, earthworks, construction and

other related activities. Of this amount, at least 45 to 50% will be injected into the local economy. Therefore,

the value of the project includes this injection into the local economy and the potential employment and other

benefits that are expected to result from the project.

3.3.6 Sustainability of the Project

The sustainability of this project is hinged on a number of considerations:

i. The commitment and interest of the government and people of Enugu State to solving the

infrastructural problems of Enugu State, as part of efforts towards turning Enugu State into a food basket

and encouraging accelerated rural development.

ii. The implementation Agency of the state government, SPIU has already shown high level of commitment

in solving the rural transportation challenges of the state with successful implementation of the rural

road maintenance strategy which confirms the sustenance of the planned project;

iii. The overarching desire of the average Nigerian especially the people of Enugu State to ease traffic into

the rural areas of the state, which will guarantee their support for the project;

Based on the foregoing considerations the project can be adjudged to have high sustainability likelihood.

3.3.7 Project Alternatives

Usually there are several alternatives to any project. The selection of a particular alternative is premised on

several considerations, including the desirability/acceptability of the project, the government’s position or

inclinations to the project, the potential environmental and social impacts of the project, the economic

viability of the project, etc. For the proposed roads rehabilitation project, a number of alternatives were


26

considered and these include: a no-project alternative; delayed project alternative; an alternative site and

the planned project alternative. A summary of these alternatives is presented below:

3.3.7.1 No-Project Alternative

This alternative assumes that the entire project concept will be cancelled and scrapped. This is an inferior

alternative when compared to the option of going ahead with the project. Although if this option is taken, it

would mean that the negative environmental and social impacts of the project would be completely

avoided, not implementing the project will also lead to:

(i) Continued lack of rural access and mobility

(ii) Continued lack of economic empowerment, development and transformation in the rural areas.

(iii) Failure to generate employment opportunities as anticipated;

3.3.7.2 Delayed Project Alternative

This option means that the project will not be implemented at this time; rather, a delay will be in effect until

such a time when certain conditions are met or requirements fulfilled. This kind of option is usually adopted

when there are regulatory requirements that need to be met, when the political and economic climate is

inclement for project implementation or in a period of war. Presently, the country is not at war. Similarly, the

government of Nigeria is encouraging and courting foreign direct investment (FDI) and socio-economic

development. The planned project can attract foreign investment, in addition to all the added values

indicated earlier. Therefore, delaying the project will in turn delay the realization of the positive benefits

expected from the project. In addition, given the very high level of inflation in Nigeria’s economy, a delay of

1 year could potentially cause up to a 25% increase in project costs. Therefore the option of delaying the

project is not an optimal one.

3.3.7.3 Alternative Project Location

A prior study identified the current routes as being one of the priority roads under RAMP. While there are

other route options, the costs, especially in terms of resettlement and compensation are quite high and

would render the entire project unfeasible. Therefore, the current project routes appears to be the most

expedient, based on the various considerations and as such, an alternative location will not be optimal.

3.3.7.4 The Planned Project Alternative

This alternative assumes that the planned project will proceed as conceptualized. This means that the rural

roads will be reconstructed and will cover a total distance of 203.45km. This alternative will also include the

construction of drainage along the route.

This alternative involves a lot of construction work, along with the associated positive and negative impacts.

The essence of a project of this nature is to ensure that activities are undertaken in a way that minimizes the

negative impacts while enhancing the positive impacts. To this end, there is a need for detailed description

of the project, so that any activity that can result in negative impacts on the environment (biophysical and

socio-economic) can be easily identified and remedial measures planned for them. A detailed description of

the proposed project is presented in Chapter Three of this report.

3.3.8 Summary

In summary, the selected alternatives appear to be the most optimal, which takes into consideration the

needs of the people and an economically profitable scenario. While it is expected that certain negative

biophysical and socio-economic impacts will be expressed by the project, it is certain that if adequate

measures are put in place to mitigate the negative impacts of the project, it would result in overall net

positive impacts on both the local and national economies.


27

3.3.9 Environment and Social Management Planning, Review and Clearing Process

It is anticipated that the rural/feeder road will be implemented through a mix of contracts including normal

contracts for complete road networks and contracts supporting the development of labour based contractors,

as well as small maintenance contractors. In this context, the social and Environment management process has

involved the following steps and procedures:

3.3.9.1 Scoping and Screening

For the initially selected investments and in this report, scoping and screening process was carried out for all

proposed roads in each cluster. This involves: (i) visual inspection of roads and initial consultations; and (ii)

identification of safeguard issues for each individual road. Based on this, a Screening Report, has been

submitted in Tables AP1.1, AP1.2, AP1.3 and AP1.4 under Appendix 1 which include:

A summary of Environment and Social conditions for all individual roads, based on visual inspection

and consultations;

A summary of main Environment and Social issues to be addressed.

3.3.9.2 Project Categorization and Justification for ESIA

Each potential project road has been categorized, based on the visual survey and initial consultations. Project

roads have therefore been categorized into one of two categories. Based on the outcomes of the screening

exercise which have been tabulated in Tables AP1.1, AP1.2, AP1.3 and AP1.4. All the road projects in the four

(4) clusters fall under Category B and are qualified to be financed under RAMP II because their environmental

impacts are less adverse.

The Environmental and Social Impact Screening results came out with a B Categorisation for all the road

clusters and therefore a limited ESIA will be needed to assess the limited environmental impact on the

environment within the specific locations of the projects. The projects qualify for Category B because more

than 50% of the screening outcomes are “Nos” according to Tables AP1.1, AP1.2, AP1.3 and AP1.4 in Appendix

B..

3.3.9.3 Category B Project

A proposed project is classified as Category B if it’s potential adverse Environment impacts on human

populations or Environmentally important areas-including wetlands, forests, grasslands, and other natural

habitats-are less adverse than those of Category A projects. These impacts are site-specific; few if any of them

are irreversible; and in most cases mitigation measures can be designed more readily than for Category A

projects. The scope of EA for a Category B project may vary from project to project, but it is narrower than that

of Category A EA. Like Category A EA, it examines the project's potential negative and positive Environment

impacts and recommends any measures needed to prevent, minimize, mitigate, or compensate for adverse

impacts and improve Environment performance.


28

4.0 DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT ENVIRONMENT AND SOCIAL CONTEXT

4.1 PHYSICAL SETTING

4.1.1 Geology

Enugu State occupies much of the highlands of Awgu, Udi and Nsukka. The hills are flanked by the rolling

lowlands of Oji River, Adada and Anambra Basins to the west, and the Ebonyi (Aboine) River Basin to the east.

The area contains about nine geological formations. From east to west, and in terms of age and sequence of

exposure, the formations are: The Asu River Group of the Albian (Lower Cretaceous) Age, made up of shales,

sandstones and siltstones. The sediments later become folded, giving rise to the Abakaliki anticlinorium and the

related Afikpo synclinorium both within the present Ebonyi State, as well as the syclinal basin lying between the

Niger and Eze Aku shales formation of the Turonian Age which contains shales, siltstones, of sandstones and

limestones. Awgu Ndeaboh Shales Formation of the Coniacian Santonian Age. Enugu Shales (to the North) and

Awgu Sandstones (to the South) lie along the same axis. They were laid in the Campanian substage. Lower

Coal Measures Formation (Mamu reformation) is of the Meastrichtian Age. This is the coal bearing formation.

False-bedded Sandstones Formation i.e. (Ajali Sandstones) is also of the Meastrichtian Age. The body of the

sand stone is thick, friable and poorly sorted. The Upper Coal Measures Formation (Nsukka Formation) is of the

Nadian Age. The formation consists of coarse sandstones or with shale intercalations and fragments of iron

stones and ferruginized shales and sandstones. It abounds extensively on the Udi-Nsukka Plateau where

differential erosion has left the resistant portions standing out as rounded, conical, domey, cuestalike,

elongated and sometimes a flattopped hill, some hundreds of metres above the ground level.These are Upper

Cretaceous Sediments which were probably uplifted during the Tertiary formation, giving rise to the Enugu

Okigwe escarpment in Imo Shale Clay Formation of the Pleistocene Age. It is about 1,000 metres thick and

overlies the Upper Coal Measures conformably. The Alluvium Deposits which belong to the Recent Age in

Enugu State occurs farthest to the northwest, and belongs to the Niger Anambra flood plain.

4.1.2 Relief and Drainage

All the formations trend generally north to south, and various prominent landforms and related features have

been carved out of them. The prominent landforms include the Nsukka-Okigwe cuesta which, in Enugu State, is

to made up of two distinctive features the Enugu and Awgu Escarpments and the Udi-Nsukka Plateau. The

scarpface of the cuesta landforms is formed by resistant sandstones of the Lower Coal Measures, while the less

resistant false-bedded Sandstones, form the gentler upper slopes and the crest. The escarpments are very

much indented by deep river to valleys, and intense gullying has taken place at the headwaters of most of the

streams. To the west and southwest of the Nsukka Plateau it falls gently towards the lowlands along the Niger

and Imo rivers. The plateau is very extensive, some 48km wide in Nsukka area and 16km in Udi and Awgu. Apart

from the residual hills, the plateau is also characterised by low density drainage and wide, flat-bottom dry

valleys. The dry valleys are thought to be former normal river valleys that later got dried up by infiltration into the

false-bedded Sandstones. Climatic change is another cause of dry valleys but, in the case of progressive

migration of the Enugu Escarpment, the alternative cause may be the progressive migration of the water table

caused by gullying and ravination. Enugu State is drained by one main river system, the Anambra Mamu River

System in the west. The Anambra Mamu River drains extensive areas of Uzo Uwani Local Government Area in

the north west and Awgu in southwest. For most of the rainy season the Uzo Uwani lowlands in particular, are

completely covered by floods. The impeded drainage of the soil provides a good environment for specialised

agricultural practices, especially rice and yam production, and fish farming.

4.1.3 Soils and Soil Erosion

The soils are made up of shallow and stony lithosols found on the steep slopes of the cuesta and often left

uncultivated, the ferrallitic soils, also called Red Earth or Acid. Soil erosion, both from physical and manmade

causes, is rampant in several parts of the state. It shows in rills along roadside embankments, in sheet wash


29

across compounds and farmlands, and in gullying, sometimes very dramatic, along definitive channels and

zones. The major gullies are concentrated on the edges of the highly friable sandstones which yield easily to

erosion and induce gullying even on slopes as low as 5%. About 65 per cent of the entire area of Enugu State is

affected by sheet erosion.

4.1.4 Vegetation

The vegetation on the highlands of Awgu and stretching through its rocky promontories to link with the

undulating hills of Udi, is of the semitropical rainforest type. It is characteristically green and is complemented in

the Nsukka area by typical grassy vegetation. Fresh water swamp forests occur in the Niger-Anambra Basin.

4.1.5 Climate

The climate is comparatively congenial, and particularly equable in the hilly and ecologically transitional region

of Nsukka. The mean monthly temperature in the hottest period of February to April is about 32.6oC and the

annual rain fall ranges between 132mm to 160mm. The rain is almost entirely seasonal, most of it falling

between May and October.

4.1.6 Ecological Problems

There are a number of ecological problems. Apart from soil erosion, there are the hazards of excessive

sandiness in the Ezeagu-Udi corridor, and rainfed massive floods of Uzo-Uwani area. Deforestation constitutes a

man-made hazard that has adversely affected ecological balance and agricultural prospects in the state.

4.2 SOCIO-CULTURAL ENVIRONMENT

4.2.1 Project Area Population

A total of two(2) communities which have identifiable social impacts within the two intervention areas through

which the roads pass were identified. Ojoo and Umuaniagu (Ozalla) were communities with permanent and

temporal structures that will be affected by the road projects. The populations of major communities along the

project roads are summarized in Table 4.1.

Table 4.1: Population Characteristics of Affected Communities

#.

Intervention Area

/Community

Population Characteristics

Actual 2006 Population

Projected 2012 Population

Total

Male

Female

Total

Male

Female

1.

NKANU EAST/NKANU

WEST/ENUGU SOUTH

Intervention Area

(Umuaniagu/Ozalla

Community)

Rd 13 1,152 634 518 1,376 757 619

2.

UZO UWANI

Intervention Area

(Ojor Village)

Rd 12 408 224 184 487 268 219


30

4.2.2 Demographic Characteristics of Enugu State

Based on the 2006 National Population and Housing Census Figures, Enugu State has a population of 3,267,837

(1,596,042 males and 1,671,795 females) within a total area of 7,737.6 sq. km. This gives a population density of

about 429 persons per sq. km., which is high when compared with the average national density of about 154

persons per sq. km. See Table 4.2 for more details on population statistics. Expectedly, population

concentration is highest in the urban centres, with densities ranging between 300 and 600 per sq.km. In a state

where the great majority of the people are rural, densities affect the intensity of land use and productivity of

the land. Four population density regions are recognised. Areas with over 600 persons per sq. km and between

400 and 600 persons per sq. km. make up the congested rural districts.

Farmland is scarce in these two high density areas. The medium density areas support between 200 and 400

persons per sq. km, while the sparsely settled areas have an average density of less than 200 persons per sq. km.

Table 4.2: Projected Population Distribution for the LGAs within RAMP Intervention Areas

#.

Local

Government

Area

2006

Populatio

n Figures

(A)

Area

Sq. Km

(B)

Popula

tion Per

Square

km

Projected Population (3% Annual Growth)

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

2012

1 Aninri 133723 368.615 363 137735 141867 146122 150506 155022 159,672

2 Awgu 198134 447.17 443 204078 210200 216506 223002 229692 236,583

3 Enugu South 198723 70.98 2,800 204685 210825 217150 223665 230374 237,285

4 Isi-Uzo 148415 870.39 171 152868 157454 162177 167042 172054 177,216

5 Nkanu East 148774 708.515 210 153237 157834 162569 167446 172470 177,644

6 Nkanu West 146695 262.735 558 151096 155629 160298 165107 170060 175,162

7 Oji-River 126587 394.945 321 130385 134296 138325 142475 146749 151,151

8 Udi 234002 908.64 258 241022 248253 255700 263371 271273 279,411

9 Uzo-Uwani 124480 918.275 136 128214 132061 136023 140103 144306 148,635

Total 1,459,533 4,950 5,260 1503319 1548419 1594871 1642717 169199 174,275

The above local government areas in the six (6)intervention areas have a total population of 1,459,533

according to the 2006 population census. As shown in Table 3.2 population distribution varies within LGAs with

Udi having the highest of 234002 (2006) and Uzo-Uwani having the least of 124480 (2006). The projected

population shows that by 2012 Udi will have grown to 279,411. Both in and out-migrations are said to be

prevalent in most of the intervention areas.Out-migration is mainly by the youth, both literates and illiterates.

Major factors that account for the out-migration are; Search for employment and wealth, Pursuit of further

education, Search for better life in urban centres, Peer group influence and Move away from parental control

and traditions.

4.2.3 Education: Much importance is attached to education in Enugu State. Government is generally in control

of the educational institutions (except most of the commercial schools) and invests about forty-five per cent of

its annual budget on them. The commercial schools are owned by private interests. The state has more than

210 Secondary Schools, two Technical Colleges and 118 Commercial/Vocational Schools. Every community

has at least one primary school, and primary school education is tuition free. There are also a number of higher

educational institutions for the training of intermediate and higher level manpower. They include Institute of

Management and Technology (IMT), Enugu; and the College of Education, Eha Amufu. Two Universities exist in

the state; the Enugu State University of Technology (ESUT) with campuses at Enugu and Agbani, and a federal


31

university, the University of Nigeria (UNN) with campuses at Nsukka and Enugu. The Enugu State Government

has also established College of Education (Technical) at Enugu.

4.2.4 Health Care Delivery: The provision of medical facilities ranks second to education in the state's social

infrastructural priorities. Hospitals and health centres are provided in all the local government areas and

maternity homes in almost every community. There are also a good number of private hospitals and clinics in

the towns and villages. Teaching and Specialist Hospitals in the state include the University of Nigeria Teaching

Hospital (UNTH), Enugu which occupies a position of excellence in the treatment of cardiac diseases; the

Orthopaedic Hospital, Enugu and the Psychiatric Hospital, Enugu. In addition, the State Government has

established ESUT Teaching Hospital at Enugu. There is a Dental Training School at Enugu, and the Park Lane

Hospital, Enugu, is the state government's most highly developed general hospital. A Mobile free health service

is operated in the State to ensure that modern medical care is delivered free of charge at the grassroots.

4.2.5 Transport and Communication: A well developed network of roads connects important centres of

commerce and industry within the state and other parts of the country. The state has four major trunk roads:

Enugu-Abakaliki Road, which leads to Ebonyi, Abia and Cross River states; Enugu-Port Harcourt Road, which

passes through Abia and Imo States to Port Harcourt; Enugu-Onitsha Road which leads out to Delta, Edo, Ondo

and other western states and Lagos; Enugu (Ninth Mile Corner) to Makurdi Road which opens into far northern

parts of Nigeria. The roads to Port Harcourt and Onitsha are two-lane dual-carriage ways.

The former Directorate of Food, Roads and Rural Infrastructure (DFRRI) helped very much in the construction of

rural feeder and intra-community roads. Taxi cabs, buses and motorcycles ("Okada" or "Inaga") are responsible

for passenger traffic movement within the towns. In the rural areas, it is the motorcycle mainly assisted by

bicycle, and head porterage. Passenger service network is in private hands. Regular air services are frequent to

and from the Enugu Airport. The Nigerian Postal Services Ltd. has remarkably improved postal services in the

state, and a number of private courier services supplement the role of the Express Mail Service (EMS) of the post

offices. The state has a good federal-owned telecommunications system made up of telephone, tele graph,

telex and fax. Modern day mobile telecommunication firms such as MTN, Glo, Airtel, Etisalat etc are also on

ground providing mobile telecommunication services thereby linking Enugu State to other parts of Nigeria and

the world in general.

4.2.6 Tourism and Recreation: Tourism infrastructure is developed through the Enugu State Tourism Committee.

The Committee works with cooperating agencies in a determined effort to transform several attractive spots in

the state to viable tourist centres. In this effort, hotels, zoological gardens and amusement parks have been

built and developed. The Nike Lake Resort Hotel, a five star hotel built on the banks of the Nike Lake (known

locally as 'Gwurugwuru'), is one of such hotels. Zoological gardens are located in Enugu and the University of

Nigeria, Nsukka Campus. Amusement parks for public relaxation are to be found in several parts of Enugu and

other major cities. Important and revered shrines are preserved, such as the Omaba Opi in Nsukka and the "Ani

Agbogugu." These shrines contain within them awe-inspiring carvings and moulds, and other exquisite

symbolisations of the presence of deities, male and female alike. In the same way, there are sacred streams

regarded as the abode of some merciful gods and goddesses, and deemed to have curative powers. Visitors

make tourist pilgrimages to these streams among which are the Dugudu Lake of Umunkwo in lgbo-Etiti, the lnyi

stream in Oji River, and the Adada River of Nsukka. The Opi lake complex at Opi, Nsukka is another tourist

feature which excites interest: it consists of about eight lakes in an intricate arrangement, each inhabited by

crocodiles. There are sacred squares and hills, some regarded as the cradle and bulwark of the lives of

members of the community. Such areas are used only tor oath-taking in settlement of disputes. There are also

caves (Ogba) which inspire awe because of their natural structure, e.g. the Ogba Ebi of Odume Amoh, the

Ogba and Ekwu of Obodo Akpu in Nenwe, and the Ogba Ike of lnyi. The Ezeagu Tourist Complex combines a

cave, warm and cold springs and the Heneke Lake surrounded by variant vegetation of riverine lustre. The lake

is about three kilometres long. Galleries, art and craft shops, including works of contemporary art and museum

pieces, are located in several parts of the state. These include the art gallery at the Institute of African Studies

and the archaeological museum of the University of Nigeria Nsukka Campus.


32

There are also royal houses, administrative buildings, traditional factories and military defence posts which have

some historical significance and cultural attraction. They have been identified by the Directorate of Culture

and the Antiquities Commission for preservation. These include the Chief Nwodo Royal House with the

complement of a Royal Cemetery at Ukehe, the iron smelting site at Lejja which dates back to the 15th Century

B.C., and the Iron smelting chamber at Umundu, Igbo Eze LGA, said to date back to the Iron Age. The

masquerade festival is easily one of the greatest tourist attractions of Enugu State. The government has

elevated it to international standards with the institution of the annual Mmanwu (Masquerade) festival held in

November each year. The major event displays a glittering array of no less than 2,000 masquerades in

resplendent colours, led through the major streets of Enugu by uproarious drummers in the company of

carvoting dancers. Masquerades from various parts of the country participate in the carnival.

4.3 NATURAL RESOURCES

The natural resources of the state include its vast agricultural lands, its extensive rainfed flood areas and its

forest and forest products such as the oil palm and lumber wood.

4.3.1 Agriculture, Forestry and other Basic Activities: Agriculture, predominantly subsistence, ranks first in the

people's economic activities. It can be divided into two types: Agriculture on the plateau is based on the

extensive cultivation of the conventional staples of yam, cassava, maize, sweet potato, grain legumes,

pawpaw, banana, plantain and vegetables. Income from the farm is supplemented by earnings from the sale

of products from local economic tree crops like oil palm, cashew, kola nut, coconut, mangoes, breadfruit

(ukwa), castor beans, oilbeans, et cetera. Most of these tree crops are located on the compound land farm

plots. Terrace farming is important on the hill slopes of Nsukka, Lejja, Udi and Maku. Livestock keeping is also

important. Floodplain agriculture is practiced in parts of the Niger-Anambra plains especially at Adani and

Omor. It is based on comparatively largescale cultivation of rice and yam, and also, fish farming.

A number of agricultural enterprises have been established to tap the agricultural potentialities. They include

the Ada Rice Production (Nigeria) Ltd. and the Enugu State River Project which are public production projects

located at Adani in Uzo Uwani Local government Area. Others are the United Palm Produce Ltd. at Ibite Olo,

Ugwuoba and lnyi, and the Premier Cashew Industry Ltd at Oghe. Public Participation in commercial private

agricultural production, that is, running joint ventures on large scale crop farming, livestock and fish farms and

in forest plantations with farmers, private entrepreneurs and corporate bodies, local or foreign, if possible by

public initial investment and Small Holder Agricultural Production, whereby the government seeks to emphasise

the role of the smallholder in the private sector are on groung. The projected agricultural development

schemes include: Irrigation (the Olo Kalawa and the Agba Umanakalawa Schemes) for maize, rice, tomatoes,

onion and pepper. Oil Palm Development in lnyi, Ugwuoba, Ibite Olo, Umulokpa and Uzo Uwani for which

about 2,800 hectares have been acquired, and 1053 hectares already planted.

4.3.2 Mineral Resources: Minerals abound in Enugu State although most of them are not yet exploited. Coal is

mined at Enugu. Other known minerals in the state include iron ore, silica, clay, kaolin and pyrite. Prospects of

the existence of petroleum and natural gas are being vigorously explored. Also the prospects of striking oil in

the state cannot be ruled out, apart from coal which is being exploited.

4.4 Summary of Socio-economic Data

The overall/summary of socio-economic data of the six (6) intervention areas are given in Appendix F under

Tables AP4.1, AP4.2 and AP4.3. For the purpose of clearity, the data have been divided into three parts as

follows;

(i) Accessibility and Mobility

(ii) Economic Efficiency

(iii) Social Impact


33

5.0 PUBLIC PARTICIPATION AND CONSULTATIONS

5.1 Public Consultations

To understand the biophysical nature of the roads alignment area the field team visited the site. A survey along

the roads alignment was done and observations made of human habitat, vegetation and existing ecosystems

and places of cultural significance among others. Thus, it was important to visit the site between 19th and 23rd

March, 2012 for route alignment identification, confirmation and conduct baseline studies. This was followed by

detailed site investigation for social and environmental studies carried out from 16th to 20th April, 2012 and

public consultations on 28th to 30th May, 2012. During the site visits, the team was also able to meet the relevant

stakeholders.

Public Consultation is a requirement for ESIA study by the Federal Ministry of the Environment and the World

Bank. The Consultant through the help of SPIU and community leaders held consultations with project affected

communities and persons living adjacent to the road alignments during the site visits. During these meetings,

the communities were informed of the environmental and social impacts of the proposed roads on their

farmlands, shrines and communal facility. Therefore, village consultations with the two communities

(Umuaniagu and Ojor) have been carried out and sensitive cultural and heritage sites have been identified.

The consultations were an “open” forum with any parties interested in the project invited to participate. A

number of smaller focus group discussions were also held with women and youth of the villages. The meetings

were well attended and the results of the consultation process are incorporated into the relevant sections of

this ESIA report. Details of the consultations attendees, group photographs and minutes of meetings are

included in Appendix D.

Additional field work, consultations, and meetings were undertaken by the Consultant supported by SPIU and

traditional rulers to the two specific project roads (Roads #12 and #13) in May, 2012. These consultations will

continue throughout implementation and ensure that a broader consultative approach is applied and is

effective in addressing community concerns and changes in design and construction.

Consultations have occurred with:

• Communities adjacent to or likely to be affected by the road works Umuaniagu and Ojor

Communities.

• Traditional rulers, and community spokespersons.

• Women’s Associations.

• Youth groups.

Meetings/Consultations were held with the communities where 100 community members were present at

Umuaniagu (Ozalla) and 40 community members were in attendance at Ojor. One major decision at these

meetings was the acceptance by the people of the communities for the roads to pass through their

communities. Men and women from both communities attended these public consultations.

5.2 Inventory of Potential Losses

The combined team of the Consultant and SPIU have visited each section of the roads to identify any assets

and people who may be negatively affected by the proposed road-works. An inventory of potential losses has

been developed for each section and had formed the basis of the ARAP.

The project road at Umuaniagu will have the following direct social impact on the community.

i. Three (3Nos.)Major Shrines on the RoW of the project road


34

ii. Cassava Farmland of an area of 4,500 Square metres.

iii. 281 Baskets of Cassava to be harvested from the cassava farmland

iv. 63 Oil Palm Trees

v. 54 Other Economic Trees

Also, the project road at Ojor will have the following direct social impact on the community.


ii. Forty (40Nos.)Minor Shrines on the RoW of the project road

iii. Cassava Farmland of an area of 1,200 Square metres.

iv. Virgin land of an area of 3,600 Square metres.

v. 75 Baskets of Cassava to be harvested from the cassava farmland

vi. A Transformer to be shifted

The major environmental impacts and the indirect social impacts are listed in Chapters 6 and 7 of this ESIA

report

5.3 Community Concerns

Through the public consultation with communities along the road, community leaders and lead agencies the

following were some of the key concerns arising and that are similar.

Use of locally available human resources: Members of the communities proposed that both SPIU and the

would-be Contractor should ensure that skilled and casual labourers are sourced from the communities along

the roads. The Contractor should also use construction materials from local sources such as sand, aggregate

and stones.

Preservation of water facilities/sources: Sources of drinking water such as hand-dug wells and surface water

resources are a valuable source of water to the community and their locations are very close to the road. It is

therefore imperative that the contractor should deploy technical solution to avoid damage to these sensitive

facilities and resources.

Cutting down of trees: The rights of way of the roads will not encroach on most of the trees and where such will

take place adequate compensation will be made to the community or person affected.

Loss of farmland: The communities expressed concerns on the possibility of destruction of their farmland during

upgrading of the road. The Contractor should ensure that clearing of vegetation should be kept to a minimum

at road upgrades and in the borrow pits. Ultimately, the community support the improvement of the road since

it will bring about numerous social economic benefits along the entire road alignment. However, it emphasizes

the need to be involved in the overall project and more specifically in sustainable utilization of the available

natural and human resources. Local leaders are an entry point into the community hence the Contractor

should ensure that they are involved at all stages of the project specifically where the road passes adjacent to

their locality. In so doing, this will go a long way in ensuring the smooth implementation of the project.

Effects on cultural heritage: Community shrines will be affected by the road projects. These shrines will be shifted

outside the right of way of the road and the community will be compensated for such involuntary relocation.


35

6.0 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES

6.1 Ecological Impacts: Vegetation and Wildlife

Among the major feasible vegetation impacts is complete destruction of those species along the route and

infliction of mechanical damage on other species. This can lead to complete extinction of some species in

some particular areas. The destruction of vegetation along the route can engender soil erosion and

consequent damage to the existing road, especially where there are a lot of open soil surfaces. The

photoperiodism of many plants in the immediate vicinity may be further affected, if there are plans to work

more at night than in the day-time. It is expected that floodlights and campfires will clearly illuminate the

project area to facilitate project activities if there are going to be plans to work at night. With regards to

wildlife, some species currently inhabit the immediate project areas, as they are extensively bushy and records

little human presence most of the day. Thus, some species such as rodents, ‘bush meats’, rainbow lizards as

well as swift avian species, which can fly away at the nearest human approach are regularly observed in the

area. Destruction of the few trees and other plants along the project routes, that provide habitat for the wildlife

species could displace them and force the species to migrate. Human presence and activities along the

project route will scare wildlife and illuminate the area, such that wildlife species inhabiting adjoining areas, will

be physiologically stressed during construction activities. Mitigation measures for reducing and avoiding

impacts on vegetation and wildlife include:

i. Cleared but unpaved areas shall be revegetated in order to reduce soil erosion along the roadsides;

ii. As much as possible, clearing shall be limited to work-areas;

iii. As much as possible, site illumination shall be limited to areas where work activities are going on, so as

to minimize impact on photoperiodism of plants in the project area.

6.2 Physical Impacts

The small scale of the construction works proposed including limited cut and fill requirements and the proposal

to follow the existing alignment means that the impact on soils and erosion will be insignificant. As a result of the

upgrading works (sealing and improved drainage and culverts etc) there will be a significant reduction in the

existing level of erosion and sedimentation observed along the road. Dust nuisance particularly at roadside

settlements will be significantly reduced after the sealing of the roads.

For the clearing of areas adjacent to the road for the storage of materials, equipment and construction camps

(day camps and if necessary overnight camps) during construction site selection criteria should include

minimum vegetation clearance. The ESMP includes mitigation measures for these cleared sites including

drainage and rehabilitation post construction.

6.3 Hazardous Materials and Solid Waste Management

Potentially hazardous substances in the form of petroleum products will be used in the construction of the

roads. These substances include (but are not limited to) oil and diesel for equipment. Waste will be generated

by workers on site. Provisions for ensuring appropriate sanitary and solid waste management facilities, and

hazardous materials management procedures are outlined in the ESMP.

6.4 Impacts on Fresh Water Resources

The sealing of the roads, repair of culverts and consistent standard of drainage design proposed for the project

will result in better management of stormwater runoff in road reserve and where storm flows discharge to

surface watercourses. The impact will be an increase in the quality of water resources available for safe

drinking water to the communities and eco-systems supported by the water resources. The improved water

quality will also support eco-tourism activities around the State. The reduction in the sediment load carried by


36

the stream and rivers into inland waters also enhances the quality of coral and sea life. This has ecological and

socio-economic benefits related to tourism and supply of food-catch for communities.

Fishing, recreational and tourism activities are known to take place on a number of the streams and rivers that

the road crosses. Direct discharge of untreated runoff during construction to streams and rivers should be

avoided through the use of diversion drains, sediment traps, and settlement ponds (as appropriate to the

individual sites). These mitigation measures are identified in the ESMP. Constructed drains, as part of the

upgrade, should also carefully consider discharge locations and ideally should drain to land to allow for natural

filtration rather than surface water resources. The villages use a range of sources for water supply, including rain

water collection, groundwater and surface water from streams and rivers.

6.5 Impacts on Water Supply

Direct runoff from the road into the rivers needs to be prevented during the construction stage through

appropriate site drainage arrangements. This could be achieved through the use of concrete bunds or other

barriers around the bridge area that direct runoff into drainage channels that discharge into areas away from

the river on both sides of the bridge. This could be achieved through building up the road level across the

bridge to establish a drainage gradient that diverts runoff away from the river on both sides of the bridge.

Roadside drains should be designed to accommodate and channel the runoff away from the bridge. If the

above mitigation measures are properly implemented by the project there would likely be no significant

impact on water quality at the intake.

The project will not affect the quality of the water supply of villages located on or near the road. Any existing

community owned infrastructure must be protected from damage during construction and retained within the

new road. The potential pollution of groundwater sources that are used for water supply for villages during

extraction of material from quarry activity will be mitigated by measures and conditions required by quarry

permits. Consultation with the water utility of the State on groundwater systems is also central to preventing any

negative social impacts on groundwater supplies. The extraction of water for the compaction of the road

during construction from surface water sources may be necessary during dry periods. The quantity of water

required for compaction is also dependent on the frequency of rain. Due to the weather dependent nature of

the water take the location and quantity of water takes for the purpose of permitting will be determined during

construction. Approval for the contractor to take water in accordance with an agreed schedule of rivers and

quantities has been provided by the water utility for water use related to construction. The agreed schedule of

rivers and quantities of water required for construction will have to be approved based on the capacity of the

river to support this level of supply without affecting the quantity of water available for downstream users.

6.6 Construction Camps

It is proposed that the main construction camp will be in one of the villages and workers will be transported

each day to work site. The contractor may be required to accommodate up to 20 workers in each of the

construction camps. The contractor will access the need for these camps as the construction programme

develops. Construction camps normally include workers’ living and eating areas and the grounds where

equipment is stored and serviced. They often include areas where materials are stockpiled. The management

of the construction equipment operation and servicing should ensure the prevention of spills and pollution. The

ESMP includes provisions for ensuring appropriate sanitary and solid waste management facilities at

construction camps to reduce environmental degradation. Issues such as health and safety, risk of spread of

communicable diseases and stress on resources and infrastructure, potentially resulting in issues with

communities are also included. Water permits may also be required to supply both overnight construction and

day camps with drinking water if a new source needs to be developed.

Day camps will also be established for the storage of equipment and materials for each 5km stretch of road

being rehabilitated. These sites will also used by workers during breaks throughout the work-day. There will be


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sufficient portable toilets located on the sites, a container and area for the workers to eat and rest. It is

considered that the temporary use of these sites will have a minimal impact on the surrounding environment.

The sewage from the portable toilets must be disposed of at a local landfill sewage treatment ponds. Sanitation

systems should be located at a minimum of 100m from surface water. Construction camps and the day camps

provide economic opportunities for nearby communities selling food to the workers. The ESMP includes

mitigation measures for mitigation measures for impacts of construction site activities.

6.7 Quarries/ Borrow Pits

There are a number of sources for the pavements materials available for construction of the projects. Firstly

there will some material available as a result of the construction of the road; where cuts are made the material

will be used as fill for base material. Additional material will be quarried from existing licensed pits at different

points around road. In view of the fact that there are a number of licensed borrow pits available for use by the

contractor it is recommended that these existing licensed pits be utilized wherever possible to avoid the need

for developing new pits, and the associated environmental impacts from clearing vegetation and extraction.

The decision of which quarries and borrow pits are to be used will also be dependent on costs related to

transport of materials from pit to site, extraction access to the pit and fees or royalties to be paid.

The Quarry Management Plan (QMP) to be prepared by the contractor will provide mitigation measures

relating to potential environmental impacts resulting from the extraction of material.

6.8 Secondary and Cumulative Impacts

Road improvements can lead to secondary impacts associated with improved access. Secondary impacts are

difficult to measure but can ultimately have more profound consequences on the environment than primary or

direct impacts. Over time they can affect larger geographical areas of the environment than anticipated.

Monitoring of these impacts over time is necessary to measure any potential impact. Positive and negative

potential secondary impacts may include;

Increased exploitation of natural resources such as forests and protected areas as these become

more easily accessed. This requires the relevant government departments to increase monitoring

and enforcement procedures for the protection of forest and protected areas.

Increased runoff from sealed road.

o Incremental changes within the watershed may occur as a result of a change in drainage systems

potentially generating additive effects resulting in damage to the function of ecosystems and

communities relying on the ecosystem’s service

o The effect of roadside drainage systems associated with the project are generally positive. Sections

of the road currently prone to flooding will benefit from the implementation of a properly designed

road drainage system.

Urban growth adjacent to the road.

o Vegetation clearance,

o Increased solid waste,

o Competition for water and land resources.

o Need for construction of improved services such as sanitation, power and telecommunications.

6.9 Air Quality and Noise Levels

The main impacts of construction activities on air quality will be in terms of gaseous emissions and suspended

particulate. The various vehicles and machinery that will be used during the various stages of construction (such as

tippers, pay loaders, graders, jack-hammers, etc.) will emit various gaseous pollutants such as NO2, SO2, CO, etc.

These various gaseous pollutants cause serious negative effects on air quality and human health. Also, dust from


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stripping, grubbing and trenching for roadside drainage will result in the release of coarse and fine particulates into

the atmosphere and this will result in further degradation of air quality in the general vicinity of the project area.

Similarly, the roaring of various equipment and machinery, such as the jack-hammers, pay-loaders, tippers, levelers,

compacters, etc. will lead to an elevation of ambient noise levels in the immediate project area. Currently, noise

levels along the route fall below the 90dBA maximum recommended for 8-hr occupational exposure limits.

Mitigation measures for reducing and avoiding impacts on air quality and noise levels include:

i. The contractor will ensure that all project machinery comply with international emission limits. In order to

sustain this, all equipment and machinery to be used for project activities shall be regularly serviced and

maintained;

ii. As much as possible, all open soil surfaces shall be regularly sprinkled with water to reduce dust and

particulate generation.

iii. Project equipment shall comply with noise emission limits. This will be achieved by the use of

silenced/muffled engines. In addition, project workers, especially those who have to work in close

proximity to noise emitting machinery/equipment shall be provided with adequate hearing protection

devices and facilities.


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7.0 SOCIAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES

Most of the existing roads currently provides the villages access to the headquarters of the local government

areas and the capital of Enugu State.

Households in each of the villages are mostly engaged in subsistence agriculture including growing of yam,

cassava, banana, maize etc.. Households in the villages have livelihoods associated with the forest including

harvesting of crops. There are small stores in the villages and some home-based shops or canteens operated by

women out of their kitchens.

Only a few of the villages are connected to the national electricity grid by PHCN; the other villages either

supply their own electricity with household generators or no alternative sources. Communication networks have

recently improved with the roll-out of the global system mobile telecommunication network which provides

cellular network access to the villages.

7.1 Contribution to Poverty Reduction

The project can contribute to local poverty reduction and improve the livelihoods and well-being of the people

in the project area by provision of income generation opportunities such as construction employment and

provision of goods and services to workers. It is expected that the SPIU will instruct that preference be given to

village workers where possible, and that un-skilled work be reserved for village workers.

The following guidelines are provided to assist in the implementation of the projects;

(i) Explicit prohibition of the use of foreign unskilled labour;

(ii) Limits on the import of semi-skilled workers where such workers already exist or can be reasonably

trained within the local areas.

(iii) Unskilled labour for the projects should be sourced locally in the first instance.

(iv) A balanced approach should be taken in procurement for retaining good local labour and provide

training with continued employment, where possible selected from local villages

(v) Payment of legal wages to workers;

(vi) No use of child labour for construction

(vii) Encourage the inclusion of women as well as the poor and vulnerable persons in the local construction

force

(viii) Equal wages for men and women for work of equal value; and

(ix) SPIU should also encourage the use of locally sourced materials in the road reconstruction to the

maximum extent possible.

Following reconstruction and sealing of the road, an improved flow of traffic, goods and passengers will

provide opportunities for those seeking employment or economic opportunities outside the villages. This will

help enable the transition from household level subsistence living to greater market production. Improved

access to health services and education opportunities for communities will also contribute to poverty

reduction.

Additional vehicles (cars and vans) into the project area will increase transport services for passengers and

cargo, reduce travels times for both vehicles and pedestrians, as well as reducing costs associated with vehicle

travel along the road (vehicle operating cost savings). The existing poor road conditions damaged vehicles

beyond the communities’ capacity to maintain them.


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Following completion of the construction programme there will be need for a maintenance program to ensure

the sustainability of the investment and improvements to access. By facilitating this program through the service

performance agreements with the Client there will be increased opportunities for the engagement of

community contracts through simple labour-based equipment support (LBES) methods. The main components

of the LBES approach include (1) introducing LBES methods of road construction and maintenance whenever

cost effective; (2) training and employing local small-medium sized community contractors, and (3) supporting

access to equipment through leasing, hire purchase and/or other methods. The contractor should undertake to

promote and support community road and bridge maintenance skills as part of its obligations to provide an

ongoing maintenance plan.

Participation in any proposed LBES maintenance programs will provide opportunities for women and men to

acquire skills in road works, which they could then apply to community-level infrastructure. Regular involvement

in economic activities empowers women in particular by providing an opportunity to earn money and to be

involved in decision making. Access to income provides women an opportunity to acquire productive assets,

further contributing to their economic empowerment. Overall, the community will benefit from the increased

purchasing power of the workers in their communities.

The potential economic benefits can be summarized and measured in terms of:

Improved connectivity for communities to health services;

Improved access for tourism related activities, and benefits to the tourism sector in general;

Induced agricultural production;

Time savings (as a result of improved travel and vehicle speeds);

Passenger and freight cost savings;

Vehicle operating cost savings;

Generated traffic; and wages paid to local labour during rehabilitation and for ongoing maintenance

activities.

7.2 Improved Access to Services and Facilities

During the construction phase the benefits derived from improving access will not be realized. Indeed it will be

important that construction activities do not unreasonably hamper access and movement of goods and

people around the villages during the civil works and road construction. The contractor is required to prepare

and submit a traffic management plan that will address this and must provide appropriate notice for any

approved disruption or closure.

During the operations phase, the social impacts and benefits in respect of improved access to services and

facilities are the same as those already described for poverty reduction. No mitigation measures are required.

7.3 Impacts on Cultural Environment

A survey of villages located near each road was undertaken to identify sites of cultural, historical and

archaeological importance that should be documented before the commencement of construction. The

results of the consultation with the chiefs and landowners were that two sites (Umuaniagu (Ozalla) and Ojor in

Nkanu East/Nkanu West/Enugu South and Uzo Uwani Intervention Areas) of cultural or historical value were

identified within the five hundred metre boundary from the road.

7.4 Health and Safety

The project’s construction phase can cause a range of health and safety impacts. The main impacts on health

and safety are associated with;


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(i) Air pollution and noise;

(ii) Contamination of local water supplies (runoff from road works, groundwater contamination in

borrow pits and waste water from construction camps);

(iii) Risk of accidents at work sites;

(iv) Traffic safety issues; and

(v) The risk of spread of communicable disease is considered to be medium to high.

Observing general health and safety requirements, including provision of safety and protective gear an

equipment to workers, will reduce the risk of accidents at the work sites. If construction camps are established

they will be equipped with a health post, which will include first aid and basic medical supplies. To reduce the

risk of incidents at the camp or work site, access to any construction camps and work sites by other than those

authorized will be prohibited.

Mitigation measures for reducing and avoiding impacts on health and safety include:

Provision of adequate protection to the general public in the vicinity of the work sire, including advance

notice of commencement of works, installing safety barriers if required by villagers, and signage or

marking of the work areas;

Provision of safe access across the works site to people whose villages and access are temporarily

affected during road rehabilitation activities;

Use of signs and other appropriate safety features to indicate construction works are being undertake;

Adequate signage and security provided at the work camp site and prevention of unauthorized people

(including children) entering the work camp site or workshop area;

The contractor will include an environmental specialist to undertake environmental management

responsibilities such as preparing ESMPs, monitoring and also to address health and safety concerns and

liaise with SPIU and villages;

The contractor will provide adequate health care facilities including a health post and access to first aid

facilities if construction camps are set up. The contractor will provide construction workers personal

protection equipment and training of all in basic sanitation, hygiene and health care issues, health and

safety matters, and on the specific hazards of their work;

The contractor will ensure that no wastewater is discharge to local water bodies;

The contractor will ensure safe and clean facilities including sanitation and drinking water is provided

to all workers;

The contractor will ensure any borrow pits used for coronus and other materials extraction are properly

restored to ensure groundwater resources are not contaminated;

No site-specific landfills will be established at the construction camps;

Septic tanks and garbage receptacles will be set up at construction camp site camps, which will be

regularly cleared by the contractors to prevent outbreak of diseases. Waste will be disposed of at sites

approved by the Environment Unit, LGAs and local land owners;

Adequate signage and security will be provided at the work camp site to prevent unauthorized

people (including any camp) to ensure that disease vectors such as stagnant water bodies and

puddles do not form.

7.5 Traffic and Access Issues

The current design for the proposed works do not include significant road realignments so all proposed works

will occur within the existing road right of way. The contractor is required to submit a traffic management plan

that will address access and safety issues during construction.


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It is recognized that there may be some disturbance during this period therefore neighbouring properties,

though some disturbance during this period therefore neighbouring properties, though some distance from site,

and have been consulted. It is considered that the impacts will mostly be contained within the site.

Road improvement projects can also inadvertently cause adverse impacts on road and traffic safety as a result

of higher vehicle speeds due to improved road conditions. An increased traffic volume and possibility of higher

vehicle speeds can create the potential for accidents involving pedestrians. In the villages, children often play

on roads, and families traditionally use roads as a central area for social gathering, particularly in the evening.

Traffic speed, especially through villages, is a risk requiring management for the operational phase of the

project. In general traffic safety will be improved following rehabilitation and routine maintenance of the

project road, inclusion of the shoulder and minor widening of existing road formation where it is less than 6m

(within the RoW) to allow for safe passing of vehicles.

The design improvement that could encourage higher speeds will be mitigated through signage and physical

speed deterrent such as speed humps (favoured by villages consulted). A reduced design standard through

villages, which force drivers to slow down, is also acceptable national practice. Awareness raising through

village meetings and through road safety campaign and awareness is recommended to reinforce behaviour

change messages.

It should be noted that overgrown vegetation poses a traffic hazard, especially when it reduces sight lines

around corners. Vehicles are known to cross to the other side of the road to avoid heavily vegetated areas

along sections of the existing road, posing accident risks to oncoming vehicles. Clearance of road-side

vegetation should be included as part of the road maintenance program.

Mitigation measures for reducing and avoiding impacts on traffic and access include:

Signs and other appropriate safety features will be used to indicate construction works and

being undertaken;

Preparation (by the contractor) of a traffic management plan addressing access issues during

construction activities (as required by the tender document);

Provision of safe access across the works site to people whose villages and access are

temporarily affected during road rehabilitation activities; and

Consideration of a reduced design standard through villages, and/or inclusion of signage and

physical measures (such as speed humps and chicanes) to reduce traffic speed in the vicinity of

villages.

7.6 Risk of Spread of Communicable Disease and Trafficking

The transmission of communicable diseases such as sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and Human Immune-

Deficiency Virus (HIV) is a potential impact of the construction phase posed by construction workers engaging

in either commercial sex or sexual relationships with local people.

The high risk of spread of STI and HIV associated with a project is a function of a number of factors including;

(i) Lack of knowledge about the risk;

(ii) The length of time large and relatively mobile populations will be located in the project area; and

(iii) Engagement in high-risk behaviours (such as increased alcohol consumption and multiple partners

etc).

The project will require a construction workforce of approximately 80 people. The workforce is required for

supervision, equipment and vehicle operation, vegetation clearing, material sourcing, pipe and culvert


43

construction, erosion control works, pavement construction, bitumen spraying, management, as well as

ancillary works such as cooking, cleaning and security provision. This construction workforce could be located

on each of the project roads for 18 months.

Experience with construction camps of infrastructure projects in areas with limited health awareness, is that

during construction phase there is a risk for both the construction workforce and the communities along the

road. A STIs/HIV/AIDS awareness and prevention campaign in conjunction with the ongoing efforts of

Government, Donors and the NGO partners is considered to be the most effective mitigation of these risks.

Mitigating the risk of spread of STIs/HIV/AIDS during the construction and operation phase of the project

will include implementation of the STIs/HIV/AIDS awareness and prevention program for all major

construction and will include:

Provision for the contractor to ensure the construction workforce attends STI and HIV/AIDS

prevention workshops. The workshops will be delivered to the contractor’s workforce prior to

commencement of any civil works;

Village based community awareness-raising about transmission of STIs and HIV, reproductive

health and safe sex. The program will be implemented prior to contractor mobilization in the

area;

The contractor providing adequate health care facilities including an HIV/AIDS education post

and first aid facilities within the construction campsite; and

If required a follow-up awareness campaign at an appropriate time during construction to be

determined by the contractor and the provider

7.7 Other Social Impacts-Stress on Resources & Infrastructure

Workers accommodated temporarily in construction camps can place stress on resources and infrastructure of

adjacent communities, which could lead to antagonism between residents and the contractor. A typical

camp area will include a container for equipment adjacent to the road, a simple rain shelter and 2 toilets.

These areas will be determined in consultation with villages as they will require clearing of roadside vegetation

and possible temporary resettlement issues.

The provision of two (2) construction camps for the storage of materials, equipment and accommodation for

up to 12 workers may also be established during construction. Provision of water may also require water permits

to be sought from the water utility prior to establishment.

The contractor will where possible utilize the community contract system with the support of SPIU to engage

local labour to clear scrub and over-hanging vegetation prior to construction. This will reduce the pressure of

construction camps on the surrounding resources.

Mitigation Measures

If two construction camps (site office and overnight accommodation) are required the

contractor will provide temporary facilities such as health care, eating and sleeping areas (

including a cook and provision of meals), water and electricity supply, telecommunications, so

that existing facilities and services of adjacent villages are not over-burdened.

The contractor will be responsible for removing all temporary structures and reinstating the land

to its pre-project condition at the completion of the works for both day camps and, if necessary,

the construction camps.

Construction workers should be limited to project sites (immediate site of works on the road and

camp site).


44

Workers should be briefed on land owner and property boundaries and village protocol, rules

and terms of conduct (especially when addressing women and elders).

Contract employment rules will be enforced relating to any damage of productive trees and

gardens, and access to the beach, foreshore and freshwater springs.

SPIU to brief the contractor on the provisions of the consultation plan to allow the development

of a communications plan for outlining protocol between the project team and community, in

particular the contractors Stakeholder Liaison Manager, village chief and elders, as well as

communication between the contractor and project.

The contractor will be responsible for the behaviour of construction workers outside working

hours for those construction workers accommodated outside the site area. In the event that

there are complaints that will be dealt with immediately and seriously, by the contractor, and

the method of addressing the grievance will be relayed to the complainant. If the complainant

is not satisfied that the complaint has been resolved, the worker causing the complaint should

be restricted to working on another site. The lodgement and resolution of complaints will be

recorded and monitored.

Children and teenagers should be expressly forbidden entry to the construction camp. This

would also assist in reducing the risk of coerced or transactional sex and other forms of child

exploitation.

Access to the construction camp and work site should be carefully monitored. Only authorized

personnel shall be permitted entry into the construction camp.

The increasing demand for land as a result of improved access may have an indirect negative impact on the

land owners. The increase in land values in recent years has led to disputes within and between communities

over the rightful owners of pieces of land and therefore who has the right to lease land. These disputes can

fracture communities and result in expensive and time consuming court cases.

7.8 Gender Issues

Clear gender differences exist in terms of access to resources and entitlements. Current social, economic and

political indicators highlight the disadvantaged position of women in all areas. Women’s focus group

discussions undertaken during the consultations recognized the following issues underlying potential impacts on

women of the project.

The gendered nature of transport in the project area and the differential impacts of failing

infrastructure between the genders;

Women’s participation in construction activities; and

Role of women community contractors and the barriers they face in responding to the implementation

of a gender-equitable community road maintenance program.

The results of the consultations identified both negative and positive social impacts on women that could result

from the project. The main benefits of the project identified by the women related to improving their economic

opportunities as a result of greater access to the local government headquarters and the markets. There will

also be economic opportunities during construction with both traditional gender roles such as provision of food

to construction workers and potential for employment by the contractor related to construction.

Mitigation measures that can be included in the project to maximize benefits for women, and to

remove any constraints on the participation of women, can include:

Identify and remove any potential gender-bias within the procurement processes for

construction workers;


45

Provide training and information on LBES and maintenance procedures that address gender

issues including a greater focus on gender-balanced community participation, enabling an

understanding of the gender impact of failing infrastructure, and of the non-economic benefits

of investment;

Encouraging community contractors to include women;

Identify means (such as micro-finance or revolving credit schemes) to overcome other possible

barriers such as difficulty in securing the start-up capital that a small-scale contractor or

community contracting group requires to purchase equipment and tools and to provide

flexibility with cash flow (especially prior to first invoice being paid);

Support women’s involvement in economic opportunities along traditional gender roles such as

provision of food to construction workers while encouraging women’s involvement in less

traditional roles such as construction activities.

Requirement for equal work for both men and women;

Requirement for Contractor (construction) and SPIU (maintenance) to submit records of labour,

dis-aggregated by gender and origin.

The improved access to services and facilities in the villages have longer-term gender benefits of improving the

education and health status of women with increased opportunities of employment outside the village (in

addition all community members will also be able to access health services especially during emergencies).

The gendered outcomes of the project will be enhanced with women’s participation in construction and

maintenance activities.

With the implementation of LBES maintenance activities in the villages participation will need to be balanced

with the usual (paid and non-paid) workload of women and men. Women may be disproportionately affected

since in addition to providing labour, they will continue doing household chores and other unpaid work. This

means that they may experience even more fragmented use of their time and have less time for leisure and

rest.


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8.0 ENVIRONMENT AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

This Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) identifies the potential environmental and social

impacts and outlines the mitigation measures for the identified impacts required for the project roads. The

Contractors will be required to produce an Environmental Management Implementation Plan (EMIP) for the

projects to detail how the Contractor will implement the specific site mitigation measures. This will be

completed and approved by the client prior to commencement of the upgrade works.

Institutional responsibilities and reporting and review requirements associated with all the road projects that will

be implemented under the RAMP2 are described below. This is followed by the detailed ESMP matrices for the

four road clusters (Tables AP2.1 to AP2.4) and Environmental Monitoring Plan its EMoP matrices (Tables AP3.1 to

AP3.4) for the four road clusters respectively.

The ESMP identifies the following:

i. Potential environmental impacts that need to be mitigated.

ii. Environmental mitigation measures that will be implemented to address the potential impacts.

iii. Authority responsible for implementing the environmental mitigation measures.

iv. Schedule for implementing the mitigation.

8.1 Institutional Responsibilities

8.1.1 State Project Implementation Unit (SPIU)

The SPIU will be responsible for ensuring that the overall project is implemented in accordance with the RAMP2

contracts and related agreements, laws of Nigeria and Enugu State, State ESMF and RAMP2 guidelines. These

include but are not limited to the following:

• RAMP2 Environmental Guidelines

• Government of Nigeria laws and regulations regarding the environment and social issues;

• Enugu State laws and regulations regarding the environment and social issues;

• World Bank Operational Policy (OP 4.12) on Involuntary Resettlement

• World Bank Rural Roads Checklist

• Gender Policy

The cost estimates for institutional responsibilities and training needs have already been taken care of under

Component #3 of RAMP2: Capacity Building and Project Administration and do not need to be duplicated in

this report.

8.1.2 The Engineer – Appointed Supervising Consultants on behalf of FPMU/SPIU

The Supervising Consultant will initially supervise the overall project works. At an agreed date, this responsibility

will transfer to the SPIU, with the Supervising Consultant providing technical support. The Engineer will be

responsible for ensuring, on a day-to-day basis, that the mitigation measures and monitoring activities identified

in this ESMP are implemented.

The Engineer will be responsible for the following activities:

i. Undertaking its specific responsibilities for implementation of environmental mitigation measures as

specified in Tables AP2.1 to 2.4.


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ii. Carrying out regular monitoring of the Contractor’s construction activities to ensure that the work is

carried out in full compliance with the ESMP and provisions set out in the contract.

iii. Holding monthly site meetings with the Contractor to review environmental performance and

compliance with relevant environmental mitigation measures specified in the ESMP, identify areas of

satisfaction and shortcomings in the Contractor’s work and provide guidance to resolve areas where

the work is deficient.

iv. Auditing the Contractor’s implementation of the Environmental Monitoring Plan (Tables AP2) including

facilitating and coordinating the environmental monitoring and supervision responsibilities of external

parties such as local communities and appropriate NGOs.

v. Prepare monthly environmental monitoring reports, and quarterly summaries for inclusion in progress

reports to FPMU and SPIU.

8.2 The Responsibilities of the Contractor

The Contractor will be responsible for:

i. Preparing an Environmental Management Implementation Plan (EMIP), which indicates how the

Contractor will implement the ESMP, namely the Contractor’s responsibilities as specified in Tables AP3.1

to 3.4.

ii. Implementing the relevant environmental controls and mitigation measures as set out in the ESMP

(Tables AP2.1 to 2.4).

iii. Quality management Plan to be developed for every quarry and borrow pits.

iv. Communication Plan for the project.

v. Following all reasonable directions and corrective actions given by the Engineer including co-operating

with the monthly site environmental performance meetings convened by the Engineer.

vi. Carrying out all works in such a manner as to cause as little impact as possible to the environment.

vii. Reporting on environmental issues in monthly site progress reports, environmental issues and complaints.


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9.0 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN

9.1 Introduction

The Environmental Monitoring Plan identifies the environmental monitoring requirements to ensure that all the

mitigation measures identified in the ESMP are implemented effectively. Environmental monitoring

methodology for this project includes:

i. Audit of detailed designs.

ii. Audit and approval of site environmental planning documents.

iii. With the communities and other stakeholders as required. Routine site inspection of construction

works to confirm or otherwise the implementation and effectiveness of the required environmental

and social mitigation measures. Non-compliance with the required environmental and social

mitigation measures identified in the ESMP will be advised to the Contractor in writing by the SPIU

including the Supervising Consultants as required. The non-compliance notification will identify the

problem, including the actions the Contractor needs to take for implementing the corrective action.

Environmental Monitoring Plans (EMPs) are given in Tables AP3.1 to 3.4 in Appendix C.

9.2 Contingencies, Complaints and Incidents

9.2.1 Environmental Complaints and Incidents

Complaints and incidents will be referred to the Contractor’s Stakeholder Liaison Manager or designated

Environmental Officer) for undertaking complaint/incident investigation procedures. In general the following

approach should be followed:

i. Log complaint/incident and date of receipt

ii. Investigate the complaint/incident to determine its validity, and to assess whether the source of the

problem

iii. Identify and undertake any action required

iv. Log the date of resolution

v. Report the complaint in monthly monitoring report including actions, resolution status and any

outstanding actions required.

The SPIU already has extensive guidelines for managing grievances associated with land and related assets

such as crops. Timely redress of any grievances associated with the road works is vital to the satisfactory

completion of resettlement and to completion of the program on schedule. The following Grievance Redress

Procedures are intended to complement the Government systems and to provide options for fast-track

resolution of grievances. Affected persons have the right to file complaints or queries in the event that there are

any grievances resulting from loss of assets or other concerns because of the road constructions. The following

procedures should be followed:

The aggrieved person should register their grievance with the SPIU.

i. Within five working days, SPIU will attempt to settle the grievance with additional explanation efforts and

some mediation with the aim of settling the dispute amicably. The contractor and the Supervising

Consultants may provide advice. In some cases, other Government agencies such as the Department

of Lands or the Department of Agriculture may be asked to assist or to manage the grievance under

their normal procedures. These agents will ensure that aggrieved persons have access to information

about their rights under the Government’s systems and these procedures. FPMU/SPIU may also seek

participation from its contractors.


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ii. In cases where a resolution is not easily found within the five days, SPIU may establish a Grievance

Committee comprising knowledgeable persons and community leaders, experienced in the subject

area and with skills in mediation to assist with the management of the grievance. Mediation meetings

will be held with interested persons. Government agents and chiefs should be encouraged to provide

their time for free as part of their contribution to the project. There shall be no charges for the aggrieved

person under these steps.

iii. Aggrieved people remain free to pursue their grievance under existing Government regulations or to

open a court case. Normal charges will apply. It is hoped that the mediation processes will provide

effective and quick resolutions so that lengthy processes and courts of law become a “last resort”

option.

At all stages of these procedures, special efforts will be made to consider the needs of vulnerable people

including sole supporting parents, and people with disabilities. Special attention will be paid to the special

needs of women and young children.

SPIU will establish a database to document all grievances and track their outcome, and summarize this

information on their website and in its regular reports to the FPMU and FMARD. The Contractor will be required

to be proactive in identifying and addressing grievances and to maintain a database and track and report all

grievances.

9.3 Reporting and Review

Throughout the construction period, the Contractor will prepare monthly environmental monitoring reports and

quarterly summaries for SPIU. The SPIU will in turn forward the reports to FPMU. These reports will form part of the

Contractor’s monthly and quarterly project progress reports to the Client, and will generally cover the fol lowing

aspects:

i. Description and results of environmental monitoring activities undertaken during the month.

ii. Status of implementation of relevant environmental mitigation measures pertaining to the works

iii. Key environmental problems encountered and actions taken to rectify problems.

iv. Summary of non-compliance notifications issued Contractor during the month.

v. Summary of environmental complaints received and actions taken.

vi. Key environmental issues to be addressed in the coming month.

The cost estimates for institutional responsibilities and training needs have already been taken care of under

Component #3 of RAMP2: Capacity Building and Project Administration and do not need to be duplicated in

this report.


50

APPENDICES


51

1.

Table AP1.1: ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL SCREENING FOR CLUSTER #1 ROADS

A. General Information/Project Brief

1. Name of Project Road CLUSTER #1 Roads

2. Location of Project Road UDI & EZEAGU/OJI RIVER Intervention Area

3. Length of Project Road 59.26kM

B.

SCREENING QUESTIONS

Yes

No

N/A

Remarks

Project Location

1. What is the nearest habitation? Name type of premises House

2. Approximate distance to the nearest premises 85m

3. Is the proposed road on a slope? What is the angle of elevation? X

4. Adjacent to or within any Environmentally Sensitive Area

4.1: Protected Area X

4.2: Wetland/Floodplains X

4.3: Buffer Zone of Protected Area X

4.4: Special Area for Protecting Biodiversity X

4.5: Bay/Lagoon X

4.6: Rivers/Waterways/Canals X

4.7: Coastal Zone X

5. Affect to Natural Biological Environment

5.1: Wildlife Habitat X

5.2: Ecology of Fisheries X

5.3: Threatened and Endangered Species X

5.4: Trees on Proposed Road RoW X

6. Adjacent to or Within any Historic Culturally Important Site X

7. Any Health Centre in the Community? X Primary Health Centre

Name of Place Location (Chainage) Existing conditions, problems and causes of problems:

Dust and noise from construction activities may affect health of community and

health centre patients

Potential problem from road works:

Dust and noise from construction activities may

affect health of community and health centre patients

Villages along

the route

Villages along the

route

8. Any Displacement/Resettlement of Activities? Compensation Issues? X

9. Economics and Environment (List) X

9.1: Might the proposed activity cause elimination or relocation X

9.2: Might the activity cause generation of employment? X

9.3: Might the activity cause reduction in employment? X

9.4: Might the proposed activity cause generation of social conflicts? X

10. General (Positive Impacts) . Will the project create:

10.1: Create job opportunities to support the enhancement of living standard of the community X

10.2: Contribute to poverty reduction in the project areas X

10.3: Contribute to sustainable development X

11. Soil and Water Resources


52

11.1: Surface Water Hydrology X

11.2: Surface Water Quality X

11.3: Ground Water Quality X

11.4: Soil Erosion X

11.5: Geology X

11.6: Climate X

12. Environmental Hazard or Pollution Threat

12.1: Might the activity cause an increase or probability of increase of Environmental hazard X

12.2: Might the activity be susceptible to environmental hazard due its location X

12.3: Might the activity affect the quality of water resources within, adjacent to or near the project area X

12.4: Might the activity result in a deleterious effect on the quality of any water resources/watershed area X

13. Resources Conservation and Use

13.1: Might the activity affect commercial fisheries or aquaculture resources or production X

14. Air Quality and Atmospheric Environment

14.1: If the activity results in the generation of dust, will it affect the project area, immediate adjacent areas? Who readily? X Community, Hospital

14.2: If the activity results in the generation of noise, will it affect the project area, immediate adjacent areas? Who readily? X Community, Hospital

15. Community Facilities/Services/Open Spaces/Recreations

15.1: Might the proposed activity result in change in community facilities, services or institutions? X

15.2: Might any impacts to existing community structures/business enterprises or housing? X

15.3: Will the activity result in impact to lifestyle values system? X

15.4: Might any site/open space/use of access or recreation areas significance be affected? X

16. Visual Resources/Aesthetics of the Site

16.1: Might the activity cause a change in the visual character in or near the area through alteration? X

16.2: Might the activity affect views or access to views of natural or cultural landscape features? X

16.3: Might the activity introduce new materials, colours and forms to the immediate landscape? X


53

2.




2.

Location of Project Road

NKANU EAST/ NKANU WEST/ENUGU

SOUTH & ANINRI/AWGU Intervention Areas


B.

SCREENING QUESTIONS

Yes

No

N/A

Remarks

Project Location


2. Approximate distance to the nearest premises 100m

3. Is the proposed road on a slope? What is the angle of elevation? X Road #23, Road #5, 30o






4.5: Bay/Lagoon X


4.7: Coastal Zone X






6. Adjacent to or Within any Historic Culturally Important Site X Shrine with a tree


Three (3) major shrines are located within the RoW of the proposed road.


Destruction of shrines.

Umuaniagu

Village on Road

#13

Chainage 2+050



Dust and noise from construction activities may affect health of

community and health centre patients




Villages along the

route

Villages along the route

8. Any Displacement/Resettlement of Activities? Compensation Issues? X Farmland & Palm Trees


63Nos. Palm trees, 54 Other economic crops and 4,500 square metres of

Cassava Farmland on the RoW of the proposed road


63Nos. Palm trees, 54 Other economic crops and

4,500 square metres of Cassava Farmland will be

destroyed.

Umuaniagu

Village on Road

#13

2+050 to 2+550

9. Economics and Environment (List)


54

9.1: Might the proposed activity cause elimination or relocation X See 6 and 8 above













11.5: Geology X

11.6: Climate X





















55

3.




2. Location of Project Road ISI UZO Intervention Area


B.

SCREENING QUESTIONS

Yes

No

N/A

Remarks

Project Location


2. Approximate distance to the nearest premises 150m approx.

3. Is the proposed road on a slope? What is the angle of elevation? X






4.5: Bay/Lagoon X


4.7: Coastal Zone X






6. Adjacent to or Within any Historic Culturally Important Site X

7. Any Health Centre in the Community? X Community Health Centre







Villages along the

route

Villages along the

route

8. Any Displacement/Resettlement of Activities? Compensation Issues? X

9. Economics and Environment (List) X

9.1: Might the proposed activity cause elimination or relocation X










56





11.5: Geology X

11.6: Climate X





















57

4.




2. Location of Project Road UZO UWANI Intervention Area


B.

SCREENING QUESTIONS

Yes

No

N/A

Remarks

Project Location


2. Approximate distance to the nearest premises 120m, Approx

3. Is the proposed road on a slope? What is the angle of elevation? X Road #9b






4.5: Bay/Lagoon X


4.7: Coastal Zone X






6. Adjacent to or Within any Historic Culturally Important Site X Shrine with a tree


3 major shrines and 40 minor shrines are located within the RoW of the

proposed road.


All the shrine will be destroyed.

Ojor Community

8+825








Villages along the

route

Villages along the

route

8. Any Displacement/Resettlement of Activities? Compensation Issues? X Cassava Farmland


1,200 square metres of Cassava Farmland on the RoW of the proposed road


1,200 square metres of Cassava Farmland will be

eliminated.

Ojor Community

8+825 – 9+075


3,600 square metres of virgin land to be encroached upon


Encroachment and loss of valuable land

Ojor Community

9+200 – 9+800


58

9. Economics and Environment (List)

9.1: Might the proposed activity cause elimination or relocation X See 6 and 8 above













11.5: Geology X

11.6: Climate X













15.2: Might any impacts to existing community structures/business enterprises or housing? X Community Transformer


Community transformer on the RoW of the proposed road.


Community transformer will be eliminated.

Community may be cut off from national grid.

Ojoo Community

8+900








59

APPENDIX B:

TABLE AP2.1: ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (ESMP) FOR CLUSTER #1 ROADS Potential Impact Mitigation Measure Performance Indicator Responsibility Cost (NGN)

Pre-Construction Stage

Spread of

STIs/HIV/AIDS

Implementation of awareness and prevention

program-contractor

Program implemented

Contractor

&recognized

provider

Direct provider

cost paid by

SPIU/FPMU


program-community (villages)

Program implemented

Contractor

&recognized

provider

Direct provider

cost paid by

SPIU/FPMU

Social disruption due to

construction workers in

area, including concerns

about security, stealing,

and increase problems

of women

Villages and works site protocols and grievance

redress procedures discussed with communities

and workers; worker awareness campaign as part

of mobilization; prohibition on unauthorized

people entering camp site/ work areas

Workers awareness

program completed

Contractor,

SPIU,

communities

No marginal

cost

Local custom

requirements for access

through land, for

materials or discharge

Access through or to land to obtain materials or

discharge water etc. shall only be done after

consultation with FPMU, the Engineer, and in

accordance with the consultation plan

Relevant consultations

completed

Contractor

To be paid by

Contractor

Run-off from material

stockpile locations

Materials stockpile areas shall be nominated in the

stockpile plan and approved by the Engineer prior

to construction and managed (including slope

angle and run-off diversion ditches) to minimize

run-off to surrounding terrain

Stockpile plan prepared

and approved by

Engineer. No or minimal

observed run-off and no

increased turbidity in

rivers observed from

these sources.

Contractor

No marginal

cost

Construction Stage

Borrow Pits and

Quarries

Use existing Enugu State Ministry of Works

(MoWI) and Infrastructure permitted limestone

quarries and borrow pits for road base materials.

Should the use of new or extended quarries be

necessitated, note that these require an EIA, EMP,

and permits in advance in accordance with

Government and FPMU guidelines.

For any proposed new hard rock (basalt) quarries

opened:

The approval of applicable land owners, lessee

(custom owners, province or MoWI ) will be

required before extraction of any material can

occur

A quarry permit is required pursuant to the

mines and minerals (Licences) Regulations.

This will require an EIA and EMP in

accordance with Government and FPMU

Guidelines

In accordance with the contract a Quarry

Management plan is required incorporating

details of quarry opening activities; quarrying

operations, quarry closing and site

rehabilitation.

Existing borrow pits

identified and QMP

submitted and approved

Quarry license obtained

Approval obtained

Quarry Management plan

prepared

Contractor

Contractor

No marginal

cost

To be paid by

Contractor


60

For all quarry operations (existing or new quarries):

Drains are to be constructed around the uphill

side of the borrow pit to prevent runoff

entering the area and will direct all runoff

away from the borrow pit into stable disposal

areas.

The base of the borrow pit is to be drained at

all times (to prevent build-up of still water that

provide a suitable environment for mosquitoes

to breed). The drains must not directly

discharge to waterways.

Borrow pits are to be situated well away from

groundwater wells and the water table level

managed to prevent contamination of

groundwater resources.

Overburden is to be stockpiled for spreading

in the borrow pit surface when operations are

complete. Runoff is not to pond in the

stockpiled area

The face of the borrow pit is to be stable at all

times

Blasting operations are to be carried out by

certified personnel. Where appropriate and/or

considered aesthetically desirable, areas that

have been quarried will be rehabilitated. A

rehabilitation plan should be developed in

consultation with the Environment Unit and

the local community. Rehabilitation should

include covering of the water table to avoid

future contamination.

Uphill drains

constructed.

Bottom drains operating

and no direct discharge

to water courses.

No nearby wells.

Overburden stockpiled

Borrow pit face stable.

Certified personnel

responsible for blasting.

Rehabilitation completed

in accordance with

Quarry management

plan.

Contractor

No marginal

cost

Erosion or

sedimentation caused

during clearing,

earthworks or activities

in streams and rivers

Install sediment fences and/or sediment traps to

collect sediment prior to any site disturbance and

construction works and to be checked after each

rainfall

Sediment traps installed

Contractor

To be paid by

Contractor

No dumping of spoil on or extraction of material

within 100m of streams, rivers or coastal area

without correct Government permit.

No evidence of spoil

dumping or extraction of

materials at nearby

streams and coastal

areas.

Contractor

No marginal

cost


61

No run-off diversions to be directed to private

property, unless approved by a provincial

representative and the Engineer, and any run-off

management shall be consistent with the site EMIP

Run-off diversions

approved by Engineer

Contractor

No marginal

cost

Side slopes of embankments designed to reflect soil

strength

No slope failures

observed on side slopes

Contractor

No marginal

cost

Gabion baskets or rock rip-rap to be used around

bridge abutments as appropriate

Bridge abutments

protected

Contractor

No marginal

cost

Embankments and stream or river channels to be

monitored for signs of erosion

Site inspection records

indicating monitoring

undertaken.

Contractor

No marginal

cost

Stones and rocks kept on hand and used in event of

bank or channel erosion

Stockpiles of rock and

stones around stream

courses.

Contractor

No marginal

cost

Minimize size and duration of cleared areas

Minimal vegetation

clearance

Contractor

No marginal

cost

Retain topsoil (in stockpiles no higher than 2m,

away from drainage paths and including run-off

ditches) for use in re-vegetation as required

Topsoil stockpiles

observed.

Contractor

No marginal

cost

Undertake progressive re-vegetation of cleared

areas if required

No exposed soil areas

following completion of

works.

Contractor and

Community

Contractors

No marginal

cost

Avoid clearing gravel or spreading activities during

rain or if rain is imminent

No gravel spreading

during heavy rain

Contractor

No marginal

cost

Vehicle traffic to be restricted to designated paths

within the site

Temporary traffic lanes

clearly designated.

Contractor

No marginal

cost

Land and soil stability

related to proposed

drainage works

For all drainage works on assessment of impact on

additional water flows on stability of adjacent

slopes must be measured.

No land or soil stability

issues.

Contractor

No marginal

cost

Water Quality


collect sediment prior disturbance and construction

works and to be checked after each rainfall

No evidence of direct site

run-off into water

courses or resultant


these water bodies

Contractor

To be paid by

Contractor

Use of silt control grass (appropriate for local

ecosystems) to protect water supply from siltation

No evidence of runoff

into water bodies and

rivers/streams.

Contractor

To be paid by

Contractor

River, stream or creek crossing works should not

be carried out ( or works stopped) during peak

flows to prevent washout of sediment and erosion

control measures, and waste material affected

downstream users.

No evidence of

equipment or waste

material downstream of

site.

Contractor

No marginal

cost

Sediment controls measures to be maintained on a

regular basis

Evidence of sediment

controls operating

effectively.

Contractor

No marginal

cost

Placement of diversion ditches around stockpiles,

camp (day and overnight)

No evidence of direct

run-off from stockpiles

into water courses

Contractor

No marginal

cost

Rivers and streams to be protected from pollution,

silting, flooding or erosion through the installation

of sediment traps, ponds, silt fences and bunds


run-off into water

courses.

Contractor

To be paid by

Contractor

Debris, spent fuel or oil, waste materials not to be

dumped near streams or rivers. Spills require

immediate attention including removal of

contaminated material (for disposal in approved

landfill) and remediation of the site to the

satisfaction of the Engineer

No evidence of dumping

site waste materials in

unauthorized areas.

Contractor

No marginal

cost


62

Interference with

existing infrastructure

(telecommunications,

electricity, water)

Site surface water including run-off of groundwater

seepage shall not be discharged directly to any

aquatic environment. If saturation occurs all work

in this locality shall cease and many only resume

on approval of the Engineer.


run-off into water

courses.

Contractor

No marginal

cost

Culverts to comply with design specifications

Engineer’s approval of

design specification

Contractor

No marginal

cost

Spoil and material stockpiles not to be located

within 15m of streams or rivers or drinking wells.

No stockpiles observed

within 15m of water

courses

Contractor

No marginal

cost

All waste-water and waste generated by the project

to be collected and disposed of in approved manner

and location

Solid and liquid waste

collection and disposal

system operating on site

Contractor

No marginal

cost

Run-off from potentially polluted surfaces, such as

vehicle and machinery storage areas, site huts,

construction camp etc., must be captured and

treated on site

Sediment and grease

traps installed around

plant maintenance areas.

Contractor

No marginal

cost

Consult with relevant authorities (including village

water committees) responsible for utility services to

minimize physical impacts on public infrastructure

and disruption to services

No disruption to public

infrastructure or utilities.

Contractor

No marginal

cost

Abandoned service infrastructure (as approved by

the Engineer) shall be cut (ducts, pipes or cables),

removed and stocked piled for later disposal

No evidence of

unauthorized waste

disposal

Contractor

No marginal

cost

Community or individually owned infrastructure

uncovered during construction should be protected

from damage. Consultation with the owner of the

infrastructure to determine whether infrastructure is

being used and should be retained within the new

road is required.

No disruption to

community or privately

owned infrastructure or

utilities.

Contractor

No marginal

cost

In the case of any disruption of utilities for a period

that has the potential to affect income generation or

health (water supply disruption) an appropriate

response (water trucks to deliver water or goodwill

entitlements offered ) must be facilitated by

Contractor.

No complaints related to

disruption of services to

households.

Contractor

No marginal

cost

Soil contamination

from spillage of oil or

other chemicals or

substances

Provide protective gear and equipment as well as

education to workers handling hazardous materials

Store oil, fuel and chemicals in secure area/

compound , with concrete floor and weatherproof

roof and surrounded by bunds that will prevent spilt

oil, other chemicals or substances escaping to the

ground,

No evidence of oil and/or

chemical seepage into

ground around fuel and

chemical storage depots.

Contractor

No marginal

cost

Develop a hazardous materials spill response/

cleanup plan to implement in the event of a spill

occurring

Spill response clean-up

plan available on site

Contractor

No marginal

cost

Health and Safety

Provision of adequate protection to the

general public in the vicinity of the work

sire, including advance notice of

commencement of works, installing

safety barriers if required by villagers,

and signage or marking of the work

areas;

Provision of safe access across the works

site to people whose villages and access

are temporarily affected during road

rehabilitation activities;

Adequate protection

provided

Safe access across the

works site provided

Contractor

Contractor

No marginal

cost

No marginal

cost


63

Use of signs and other appropriate safety

features to indicate construction works

are being undertake;

Adequate signage and security provided

at the work camp site and prevention of

unauthorized people (including children)

entering the work camp site or workshop

area;

The contractor will provide adequate

health care facilities including a health

post and access to first aid facilities if

construction camps are set up. The

contractor will provide construction

workers personal protection equipment

and training of all in basic sanitation,

hygiene and health care issues, health and

safety matters, and on the specific

hazards of their work;

The contractor will ensure that no

wastewater is discharge to local water

bodies;

The contractor will ensure safe and clean

facilities including sanitation and

drinking water is provided to all workers;

The contractor will ensure any borrow

pits used for coronus and other materials

extraction are properly restored to ensure

groundwater resources are not

contaminated;

No site-specific landfills will be

established at the construction camps;

Septic tanks and garbage receptacles will

be set up at construction camp site

camps, which will be regularly cleared by

the contractors to prevent outbreak of

diseases. Waste will be disposed of at

sites approved by the Environment Unit,

LGAs and local land owners.

Signs and safety

measures installed

Signage and security

provide for safety of

people.

Health post in-place and

functional.

Plan on wastewater

discharge submitted to

SPIU

Clean working

environment in-place

Borrow pit installed

Septic Tanks and

receptacles in0place

Contractor

Contractor

Contractor

Contractor

Contractor

Contractor

Contractor

No marginal

cost

No marginal

cost

No marginal

cost

No marginal

cost

No marginal

cost

No marginal

cost

No marginal

cost

Traffic and Access

Issues

Signs and other appropriate safety

features will be used to indicate

construction works and being undertaken;

Preparation (by the contractor) of a traffic

management plan addressing access

issues during construction activities (as

required by the tender document);




rehabilitation activities; and

Consideration of a reduced design

standard through villages, and/or

Signs and safety

measures installed

Traffic management plan

submitted to SPIU

Safe access facility

installed

Reduced design standard

submitted to SPIU

Contractor

Contractor

Contractor

Contractor

No marginal

cost

No marginal

cost

No marginal

cost

No marginal

cost


64

inclusion of signage and physical

measures (such as speed humps and

chicanes) to reduce traffic speed in the

vicinity of villages.

Social Impacts-Stress

on Resources &

Infrastructure

If two construction camps (site office and

overnight accommodation) are required

the contractor will provide temporary

facilities such as health care, eating and

sleeping areas ( including a cook and

provision of meals), water and electricity

supply, telecommunications, so that

existing facilities and services of adjacent

villages are not over-burdened.

The contractor will be responsible for

removing all temporary structures and

reinstating the land to its pre-project

condition at the completion of the works

for both day camps and, if necessary, the

construction camps.

Construction workers should be limited

to project sites (immediate site of works

on the road and camp site).

Workers should be briefed on land owner

and property boundaries and village

protocol, rules and terms of conduct

(especially when addressing women and

elders).

Contract employment rules will be

enforced relating to any damage of

productive trees and gardens, and access

to the beach, foreshore and freshwater

springs.

SPIU to brief the contractor on the

provisions of the consultation plan to

allow the development of a

communications plan for outlining

protocol between the project team and

community, in particular the contractors

Stakeholder Liaison Manager, village

chief and elders, as well as

communication between the contractor

and project.

The contractor will be responsible for the

behaviour of construction workers

outside working hours for those

construction workers accommodated

outside the site area. In the event that

there are complaints that will be dealt

with immediately and seriously, by the

contractor, and the method of addressing

the grievance will be relayed to the

complainant. If the complainant is not

Temporary facilities

provided

Removal of temporary

structures and restoring

the land to it pre-project

conditions carried out

Enforcement of

restriction on site

Workers adequately

sensitised

Contract employment

rules enforced

Consultation plan

communicated to

Contractor

Signed undertaking by

Contractor received by

SPIU

Contractor

Contractor

Contractor

Contractor

Contractor

SPIU

Contractor

No marginal

cost

No marginal

cost

No marginal

cost

No marginal

cost

No marginal

cost

No marginal

cost

No marginal

cost


65

satisfied that the complaint has been

resolved, the worker causing the

complaint should be restricted to working

on another site. The lodgement and

resolution of complaints will be recorded

and monitored.

Children and teenagers should be

expressly forbidden entry to the

construction camp. This would also assist

in reducing the risk of coerced or

transactional sex and other forms of child

exploitation.

Access to the construction camp and

work site should be carefully monitored.

Only authorized personnel shall be

permitted entry into the construction

camp.

Adequate notices placed

in construction camps

and security detailed

around camp.

Camp security put in-

place

Contractor

Contractor

No marginal

cost

No marginal

cost

Gender Issues

Identify and remove any potential

gender-bias within the procurement

processes for construction workers;

Provide training and information on

LBES and maintenance procedures that

address gender issues including a greater

focus on gender-balanced community

participation, enabling an understanding

of the gender impact of failing

infrastructure, and of the non-economic

benefits of investment;

Encouraging community contractors to

include women;

Support women’s involvement in

economic opportunities along traditional

gender roles such as provision of food to

construction workers while encouraging

women’s involvement in less traditional

roles such as construction activities.

Requirement for equal work for both

men and women;

Requirement for Contractor

(construction) and to submit records of

labour, dis-aggregated by gender and

origin.

Procurement plan

submitted to SPIU and

implemented

Training carried out and

information disseminated

Women included as

community contractors

Women engaged as

providers of traditional

gender roles

Equal work for men and

women given out

Disaggregated labour list

submitted

Contractor

Contractor

Contractor

Contractor

Contractor

Contractor

No marginal

cost

No marginal

cost

No marginal

cost

No marginal

cost

No marginal

cost


66

Air Quality and Noise

Levels

The contractor will ensure that all project

machinery comply with international emission

limits. In order to sustain this, all equipment

and machinery to be used for project activities

shall be regularly serviced and maintained;

As much as possible, all open soil surfaces

shall be regularly sprinkled with water to

reduce dust and particulate generation.

Project equipment shall comply with noise

emission limits. This will be achieved by the

use of silenced/muffled engines. In addition,

project workers, especially those who have to

work in close proximity to noise emitting

machinery/equipment shall be provided with

adequate hearing protection devices and

facilities.

International emissions

standards complied with.

All open places sprinkled

with water.

Noise emissions limit

complied with

Contractor

Contractor

Contractor

No marginal

cost

No marginal

cost

No marginal

cost


67

TABLE AP2.2: ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (ESMP) FOR CLUSTER #2 ROADS

Potential Impact Mitigation Measure Performance Indicator Responsibility Cost (NGN)


Spread of

STIs/HIV/AIDS


program-contractor

Program implemented

Contractor

&recognized

provider

Direct provider

cost paid by

SPIU/FPMU



Program implemented

Contractor

&recognized

provider

Direct provider

cost paid by

SPIU/FPMU






of women






Workers awareness

program completed

Contractor,

SPIU,

communities

No marginal

cost

Land acquisition,

resettlement, tree, crop

and structure clearance

A number of potential losses and relocations have

been identified and will be addressed through an

ARAP.

ARAP implemented

FPMU,

Contractor,

SPIU with other

relevant govt

agencies

Refer ARAP

Local custom


through land, for





accordance with the ARAP and the consultation

plan


completed

Contractor

To be paid by

Contractor


stockpile locations







and approved by





these sources.

Contractor

No marginal

cost

Construction Stage

Borrow Pits and

Quarries









opened:




occur





Guidelines





rehabilitation.


identified and QMP



Approval obtained


prepared

Contractor

Contractor

No marginal

cost

To be paid by

Contractor


68






areas.













stockpiled area


times










Uphill drains

constructed.



to water courses.

No nearby wells.



Certified personnel



in accordance with

Quarry management

plan.

Contractor

No marginal

cost

Erosion or


during clearing,






rainfall


Contractor

To be paid by

Contractor






materials at nearby

streams and coastal

areas.

Contractor

No marginal

cost


69





Run-off diversions


Contractor

No marginal

cost


strength

No slope failures


Contractor

No marginal

cost



Bridge abutments

protected

Contractor

No marginal

cost





undertaken.

Contractor

No marginal

cost





courses.

Contractor

No marginal

cost


Minimal vegetation

clearance

Contractor

No marginal

cost




Topsoil stockpiles

observed.

Contractor

No marginal

cost


areas if required



works.

Contractor and

Community

Contractors

No marginal

cost



No gravel spreading

during heavy rain

Contractor

No marginal

cost


within the site


clearly designated.

Contractor

No marginal

cost


related to proposed

drainage works





issues.

Contractor

No marginal

cost

Water Quality





run-off into water



these water bodies

Contractor

To be paid by

Contractor





rivers/streams.

Contractor

To be paid by

Contractor





downstream users.

No evidence of

equipment or waste


site.

Contractor

No marginal

cost


regular basis


controls operating

effectively.

Contractor

No marginal

cost





into water courses

Contractor

No marginal

cost





run-off into water

courses.

Contractor

To be paid by

Contractor









unauthorized areas.

Contractor

No marginal

cost


70

Interference with



electricity, water)







run-off into water

courses.

Contractor

No marginal

cost




Contractor

No marginal

cost




within 15m of water

courses

Contractor

No marginal

cost



and location




Contractor

No marginal

cost




treated on site

Sediment and grease



Contractor

No marginal

cost







Contractor

No marginal

cost




No evidence of

unauthorized waste

disposal

Contractor

No marginal

cost






road is required.

No disruption to



utilities.

Contractor

No marginal

cost






Contractor.



households.

Contractor

No marginal

cost

Soil contamination


other chemicals or

substances







ground,





Contractor

No marginal

cost



occurring



Contractor

No marginal

cost


71

Health and Safety







areas;












area;













bodies;








contaminated;










Adequate protection

provided


works site provided

Signs and safety

measures installed



people.


functional.

Plan on wastewater


SPIU

Clean working



Septic Tanks and


Contractor

Contractor

Contractor

Contractor

Contractor

Contractor

Contractor

Contractor

Contractor

No marginal

cost

No marginal

cost

No marginal

cost

No marginal

cost

No marginal

cost

No marginal

cost

No marginal

cost

No marginal

cost

No marginal

cost

Traffic and Access

Issues



Signs and safety

measures installed

Contractor

No marginal

cost


72

















submitted to SPIU


installed


submitted to SPIU

Contractor

Contractor

Contractor

No marginal

cost

No marginal

cost

No marginal

cost


on Resources &

Infrastructure


overnight accommodation) are required the

contractor will provide temporary facilities

such as health care, eating and sleeping areas (

including a cook and provision of meals),

water and electricity supply,

telecommunications, so that existing facilities

and services of adjacent villages are not over-

burdened.



reinstating the land to its pre-project condition

at the completion of the works for both day

camps and, if necessary, the construction

camps.

Construction workers should be limited to

project sites (immediate site of works on the

road and camp site).

Workers should be briefed on land owner and

property boundaries and village protocol, rules

and terms of conduct (especially when

addressing women and elders).

Contract employment rules will be enforced

relating to any damage of productive trees and

gardens, and access to the beach, foreshore

and freshwater springs.

SPIU to brief the contractor on the provisions

of the consultation plan to allow the

development of a communications plan for

outlining protocol between the project team

and community, in particular the contractors

Stakeholder Liaison Manager, village chief

and elders, as well as communication between

the contractor and project. The contractor will be responsible for the

behaviour of construction workers outside

working hours for those construction workers

accommodated outside the site area. In the

event that there are complaints that will be

dealt with immediately and seriously, by the

contractor, and the method of addressing the

grievance will be relayed to the complainant.


provided





Enforcement of

restriction on site

Workers adequately

sensitised

Contract employment

rules enforced

Consultation plan

communicated to

Contractor

Contractor

Contractor

Contractor

Contractor

Contractor

SPIU

No marginal

cost

No marginal

cost

No marginal

cost

No marginal

cost

No marginal

cost

No marginal

cost


73

If the complainant is not satisfied that the

complaint has been resolved, the worker

causing the complaint should be restricted to

working on another site. The lodgement and

resolution of complaints will be recorded and

monitored.

Children and teenagers should be expressly

forbidden entry to the construction camp. This

would also assist in reducing the risk of

coerced or transactional sex and other forms of

child exploitation.

Access to the construction camp and work site

should be carefully monitored. Only

authorized personnel shall be permitted entry

into the construction camp.



SPIU




around camp.


place

Contractor

Contractor

Contractor

No marginal

cost

No marginal

cost

No marginal

cost

Gender Issues

Identify and remove any potential gender-bias

within the procurement processes for


Provide training and information on LBES and

maintenance procedures that address gender

issues including a greater focus on gender-

balanced community participation, enabling an

understanding of the gender impact of failing



Encouraging community contractors to include

women;

Support women’s involvement in economic

opportunities along traditional gender roles

such as provision of food to construction

workers while encouraging women’s

involvement in less traditional roles such as


Requirement for equal work for both men and

women;

Requirement for Contractor (construction) and

to submit records of labour, dis-aggregated by

gender and origin.

Procurement plan


implemented



Women included as


Women engaged as


gender roles


women given out


submitted

Contractor

Contractor

Contractor

Contractor

Contractor

Contractor

No marginal

cost

No marginal

cost

No marginal

cost

No marginal

cost

No marginal

cost


Levels
















facilities.




with water.


complied with

Contractor

Contractor

Contractor

No marginal

cost

No marginal

cost

No marginal

cost


74




Spread of

STIs/HIV/AIDS


program-contractor

Program implemented

Contractor

&recognized

provider

Direct provider

cost paid by

SPIU/FPMU



Program implemented

Contractor

&recognized

provider

Direct provider

cost paid by

SPIU/FPMU






of women






Workers awareness

program completed

Contractor,

SPIU,

communities

No marginal

cost

Local custom


through land, for





accordance the consultation plan


completed

Contractor

To be paid by

Contractor


stockpile locations







and approved by





these sources.

Contractor

No marginal

cost

Construction Stage

Borrow Pits and

Quarries









opened:




occur





Guidelines





rehabilitation.


identified and QMP



Approval obtained


prepared

Contractor

Contractor

No marginal

cost

To be paid by

Contractor


75






areas.













stockpiled area


times










Uphill drains

constructed.



to water courses.

No nearby wells.



Certified personnel



in accordance with

Quarry management

plan.

Contractor

No marginal

cost

Erosion or


during clearing,






rainfall


Contractor

To be paid by

Contractor






materials at nearby

streams and coastal

areas.

Contractor

No marginal

cost


76





Run-off diversions


Contractor

No marginal

cost


strength

No slope failures


Contractor

No marginal

cost



Bridge abutments

protected

Contractor

No marginal

cost





undertaken.

Contractor

No marginal

cost





courses.

Contractor

No marginal

cost


Minimal vegetation

clearance

Contractor

No marginal

cost




Topsoil stockpiles

observed.

Contractor

No marginal

cost


areas if required



works.

Contractor and

Community

Contractors

No marginal

cost



No gravel spreading

during heavy rain

Contractor

No marginal

cost


within the site


clearly designated.

Contractor

No marginal

cost


related to proposed

drainage works





issues.

Contractor

No marginal

cost

Water Quality





run-off into water



these water bodies

Contractor

To be paid by

Contractor





rivers/streams.

Contractor

To be paid by

Contractor





downstream users.

No evidence of

equipment or waste


site.

Contractor

No marginal

cost


regular basis


controls operating

effectively.

Contractor

No marginal

cost





into water courses

Contractor

No marginal

cost





run-off into water

courses.

Contractor

To be paid by

Contractor









unauthorized areas.

Contractor

No marginal

cost


77

Interference with



electricity, water)







run-off into water

courses.

Contractor

No marginal

cost




Contractor

No marginal

cost




within 15m of water

courses

Contractor

No marginal

cost



and location




Contractor

No marginal

cost




treated on site

Sediment and grease



Contractor

No marginal

cost







Contractor

No marginal

cost




No evidence of

unauthorized waste

disposal

Contractor

No marginal

cost






road is required.

No disruption to



utilities.

Contractor

No marginal

cost






Contractor.



households.

Contractor

No marginal

cost

Soil contamination


other chemicals or

substances







ground,





Contractor

No marginal

cost



occurring



Contractor

No marginal

cost

Health and Safety







areas;





Adequate protection

provided


works site provided

Contractor

Contractor

No marginal

cost

No marginal

cost


78








area;













bodies;








contaminated;










Signs and safety

measures installed



people.


functional.

Plan on wastewater


SPIU

Clean working



Septic Tanks and


Contractor

Contractor

Contractor

Contractor

Contractor

Contractor

Contractor

No marginal

cost

No marginal

cost

No marginal

cost

No marginal

cost

No marginal

cost

No marginal

cost

No marginal

cost

Traffic and Access

Issues














Signs and safety

measures installed


submitted to SPIU


installed


submitted to SPIU

Contractor

Contractor

Contractor

Contractor

No marginal

cost

No marginal

cost

No marginal

cost

No marginal

cost


79






on Resources &

Infrastructure


overnight accommodation) are required the

contractor will provide temporary facilities such

as health care, eating and sleeping areas (

including a cook and provision of meals), water

and electricity supply, telecommunications, so

that existing facilities and services of adjacent


The contractor will be responsible for removing

all temporary structures and reinstating the land

to its pre-project condition at the completion of

the works for both day camps and, if necessary,

the construction camps.

Construction workers should be limited to

project sites (immediate site of works on the

road and camp site).

Workers should be briefed on land owner and

property boundaries and village protocol, rules

and terms of conduct (especially when

addressing women and elders).

Contract employment rules will be enforced

relating to any damage of productive trees and

gardens, and access to the beach, foreshore and

freshwater springs.

SPIU to brief the contractor on the provisions

of the consultation plan to allow the

development of a communications plan for

outlining protocol between the project team and


Stakeholder Liaison Manager, village chief and

elders, as well as communication between the

contractor and project. The contractor will be responsible for the

behaviour of construction workers outside

working hours for those construction workers

accommodated outside the site area. In the

event that there are complaints that will be dealt


contractor, and the method of addressing the

grievance will be relayed to the complainant. If

the complainant is not satisfied that the

complaint has been resolved, the worker

causing the complaint should be restricted to

working on another site. The lodgement and

resolution of complaints will be recorded and

monitored.

Children and teenagers should be expressly

forbidden entry to the construction camp. This

would also assist in reducing the risk of coerced

or transactional sex and other forms of child

exploitation.

Access to the construction camp and work site

should be carefully monitored. Only authorized

personnel shall be permitted entry into the

construction camp.


provided





Enforcement of

restriction on site

Workers adequately

sensitised

Contract employment

rules enforced

Consultation plan

communicated to

Contractor



SPIU




around camp.


place

Contractor

Contractor

Contractor

Contractor

Contractor

SPIU

Contractor

Contractor

Contractor

No marginal

cost

No marginal

cost

No marginal

cost

No marginal

cost

No marginal

cost

No marginal

cost

No marginal

cost

No marginal

cost

No marginal

cost


80

Gender Issues

Identify and remove any potential gender-bias

within the procurement processes for


Provide training and information on LBES and

maintenance procedures that address gender

issues including a greater focus on gender-

balanced community participation, enabling an

understanding of the gender impact of failing



Encouraging community contractors to include

women;

Support women’s involvement in economic

opportunities along traditional gender roles

such as provision of food to construction

workers while encouraging women’s

involvement in less traditional roles such as


Requirement for equal work for both men and

women;

Requirement for Contractor (construction) and

to submit records of labour, dis-aggregated by

gender and origin.

Procurement plan


implemented



Women included as


Women engaged as


gender roles


women given out


submitted

Contractor

Contractor

Contractor

Contractor

Contractor

Contractor

No marginal

cost

No marginal

cost

No marginal

cost

No marginal

cost

No marginal

cost


Levels
















facilities.




with water.


complied with

Contractor

Contractor

Contractor

No marginal

cost

No marginal

cost

No marginal

cost


81




Spread of

STIs/HIV/AIDS


program-contractor

Program implemented

Contractor

&recognized

provider

Direct provider

cost paid by

SPIU/FPMU



Program implemented

Contractor

&recognized

provider

Direct provider

cost paid by

SPIU/FPMU






of women






Workers awareness

program completed

Contractor,

SPIU,

communities

No marginal

cost

Land acquisition,

resettlement, tree, crop

and structure clearance

A number of potential losses and relocations have

been identified and will be addressed through an

ARAP.

ARAP implemented

FPMU,

Contractor,

SPIU with other

relevant govt

agencies

Refer ARAP

Local custom


through land, for





accordance with the ARAP and the consultation

plan


completed

Contractor

To be paid by

Contractor


stockpile locations







and approved by





these sources.

Contractor

No marginal

cost

Construction Stage

Borrow Pits and

Quarries









opened:




occur





Guidelines





rehabilitation.


identified and QMP



Approval obtained


prepared

Contractor

Contractor

No marginal

cost

To be paid by

Contractor


82






areas.













stockpiled area


times










Uphill drains

constructed.



to water courses.

No nearby wells.



Certified personnel



in accordance with

Quarry management

plan.

Contractor

No marginal

cost

Erosion or


during clearing,






rainfall


Contractor

To be paid by

Contractor






materials at nearby

streams and coastal

areas.

Contractor

No marginal

cost





Run-off diversions


Contractor

No marginal

cost


83


strength

No slope failures


Contractor

No marginal

cost



Bridge abutments

protected

Contractor

No marginal

cost





undertaken.

Contractor

No marginal

cost





courses.

Contractor

No marginal

cost


Minimal vegetation

clearance

Contractor

No marginal

cost




Topsoil stockpiles

observed.

Contractor

No marginal

cost


areas if required



works.

Contractor and

Community

Contractors

No marginal

cost



No gravel spreading

during heavy rain

Contractor

No marginal

cost


within the site


clearly designated.

Contractor

No marginal

cost


related to proposed

drainage works





issues.

Contractor

No marginal

cost

Water Quality





run-off into water



these water bodies

Contractor

To be paid by

Contractor





rivers/streams.

Contractor

To be paid by

Contractor





downstream users.

No evidence of

equipment or waste


site.

Contractor

No marginal

cost


regular basis


controls operating

effectively.

Contractor

No marginal

cost





into water courses

Contractor

No marginal

cost





run-off into water

courses.

Contractor

To be paid by

Contractor









unauthorized areas.

Contractor

No marginal

cost







run-off into water

courses.

Contractor

No marginal

cost




Contractor

No marginal

cost


84

Interference with



electricity, water)




within 15m of water

courses

Contractor

No marginal

cost



and location




Contractor

No marginal

cost




treated on site

Sediment and grease



Contractor

No marginal

cost







Contractor

No marginal

cost




No evidence of

unauthorized waste

disposal

Contractor

No marginal

cost






road is required.

No disruption to



utilities.

Contractor

No marginal

cost






Contractor.



households.

Contractor

No marginal

cost

Soil contamination


other chemicals or

substances







ground,





Contractor

No marginal

cost



occurring



Contractor

No marginal

cost

Health and Safety







areas;











Adequate protection

provided


works site provided

Signs and safety

measures installed



people.

Contractor

Contractor

Contractor

Contractor

No marginal

cost

No marginal

cost

No marginal

cost

No marginal

cost


85


area;













bodies;








contaminated;











functional.

Plan on wastewater


SPIU

Clean working



Septic Tanks and


Contractor

Contractor

Contractor

Contractor

Contractor

No marginal

cost

No marginal

cost

No marginal

cost

No marginal

cost

No marginal

cost

Traffic and Access

Issues


















Signs and safety

measures installed


submitted to SPIU


installed


submitted to SPIU

Contractor

Contractor

Contractor

Contractor

No marginal

cost

No marginal

cost

No marginal

cost

No marginal

cost




Contractor

No marginal


86

on Resources &

Infrastructure

overnight accommodation) are required

the contractor will provide temporary

facilities such as health care, eating and

sleeping areas ( including a cook and

provision of meals), water and electricity

supply, telecommunications, so that

existing facilities and services of adjacent




reinstating the land to its pre-project

condition at the completion of the works

for both day camps and, if necessary, the

construction camps.

Construction workers should be limited

to project sites (immediate site of works

on the road and camp site).

Workers should be briefed on land owner

and property boundaries and village

protocol, rules and terms of conduct

(especially when addressing women and

elders).

Contract employment rules will be

enforced relating to any damage of

productive trees and gardens, and access

to the beach, foreshore and freshwater

springs.

SPIU to brief the contractor on the

provisions of the consultation plan to

allow the development of a

communications plan for outlining

protocol between the project team and


Stakeholder Liaison Manager, village

chief and elders, as well as

communication between the contractor

and project.

The contractor will be responsible for the

behaviour of construction workers

outside working hours for those

construction workers accommodated

outside the site area. In the event that

there are complaints that will be dealt


contractor, and the method of addressing

the grievance will be relayed to the

complainant. If the complainant is not

satisfied that the complaint has been

resolved, the worker causing the

complaint should be restricted to working

on another site. The lodgement and

resolution of complaints will be recorded

and monitored.

provided





Enforcement of

restriction on site

Workers adequately

sensitised

Contract employment

rules enforced

Consultation plan

communicated to

Contractor



SPIU

Contractor

Contractor

Contractor

Contractor

SPIU

Contractor

cost

No marginal

cost

No marginal

cost

No marginal

cost

No marginal

cost

No marginal

cost

No marginal

cost


87

Children and teenagers should be

expressly forbidden entry to the

construction camp. This would also assist

in reducing the risk of coerced or

transactional sex and other forms of child

exploitation.

Access to the construction camp and

work site should be carefully monitored.

Only authorized personnel shall be

permitted entry into the construction

camp.




around camp.


place

Contractor

Contractor

No marginal

cost

No marginal

cost

Gender Issues

Identify and remove any potential

gender-bias within the procurement

processes for construction workers;

Provide training and information on

LBES and maintenance procedures that

address gender issues including a greater

focus on gender-balanced community

participation, enabling an understanding

of the gender impact of failing



Encouraging community contractors to

include women;

Support women’s involvement in

economic opportunities along traditional

gender roles such as provision of food to

construction workers while encouraging

women’s involvement in less traditional

roles such as construction activities.

Requirement for equal work for both

men and women;

Requirement for Contractor

(construction) and to submit records of

labour, dis-aggregated by gender and

origin.

Procurement plan


implemented



Women included as


Women engaged as


gender roles


women given out


submitted

Contractor

Contractor

Contractor

Contractor

Contractor

Contractor

No marginal

cost

No marginal

cost

No marginal

cost

No marginal

cost

No marginal

cost


Levels
















facilities.




with water.


complied with

Contractor

Contractor

Contractor

No marginal

cost

No marginal

cost

No marginal

cost


88

APPENDIX C:

Table AP3.1: ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN (EMoP)FOR CLUSTER #1 ROADS

Parameter

Location

Monitoring (Visual Inspection)

Frequency of

Inspection

Responsibility

Pre- Construction Phase

STI/HIV/AIDS

Prevalence

Camp

Check contractor records, consultation with

employees, discussions with NGO

Prior to

construction

Supervising

Consultant

Villages and

Camp

Discussion with NGO, Consultation with

villages

Prior to

construction

Supervising

Consultant

Village and site

Protocols

Villages and

Camp

Check custom welcome and meeting to

explain village protocols and site access

and safety rules.

Prior to

construction

Supervising

Consultant

Construction Phase

Borrow Pits/ Quarries

Borrow Pits/

Quarries sites

Visual inspection to ensure requirements of

EMP and Quarry Management Plans are

properly implemented.

Daily by

contractor

Weekly by

SPIU

Contractor;

Supervising

Consultant

Spoil areas

Read Corridor

Visual inspection (i) ensure vegetation

clearance minimized; (ii) no garden or

agricultural land used; (iii) no dump sites

near rivers and streams

Monthly by

Contractor

Monthly by

SPIU

Contractor;

Supervising

Consultant

Erosion

Coastal areas

adjacent to road

corridor

Visual inspection of culverts, bridges and

coastal areas for any occurrence of erosion

Daily by

contractor

Weekly by

SPIU

Contractor;

Supervising

Consultant

Hydrocarbon and

chemical storage

Construction

camp/workshop

area

Visual inspection of storage facilities as per

EMP and emergency response plan. Ensure

storage sites are using concrete base with a

containment bunds

Weekly by

Contractor

Monthly by

SPIU

Contractor;

Supervising

Consultant

Hazardous Materials

Construction

Camp

Visual inspection of work methods and

practices to ensure that workers have

protective gear and equipment and training

in the use of hazardous materials.

Daily by

Contractor

Monthly by

SPIU

Contractor;

Supervising

Consultant

Waste Management

Construction

Camps

Visual inspection that solid waste is

disposed as per EMP

Daily by

contractor

Weekly by

SPIU

Contractor;

Supervising

Consultant

Surface water quality

Streams and rivers

Visual inspection, consultation with users

Daily by

Contractor

Weekly by

SPIU

Contractor;

Supervising

Consultant

Nearby water

courses

Visual inspection that sediment traps,

ponds, silt fences and bunds are in place

and operating effectively.

Daily by

Contractor

Weekly by

SPIU

Water Section of

the Water Utility

Directly down

streams of

pollution event

Visual inspection,

consultation with users

After pollution

event by

contractor and

SPIU

Water Section of

the Water Utility

Air quality

Emissions, dust,

particulate matter

Visual inspection

Daily by

Contractor

After complaint

by SPIU

Contractor;

Supervising

Consultant

Noise

Sensitive areas

Consultation (ensure schedule being

adhered to)

Daily by

Contractor

After complaint

by SPIU

Contractor;

Supervising

Consultant


89

Re-vegetation

Road corridor

Monitoring of progress of re-vegetation

activities per EMP

Monthly by

Contractor and

SPIU

Contractor;

Supervising

Consultant

Parameter

Location


Frequency of

Inspection

Responsibility

Social impact

Villages along the

project road

Consultation and visual observations-

complaints viz-a-viz workers; village rules

being adhered to; access to camp

prohibited to other than authorised staff

Monthly by

Contractor and

SPIU

Contractor;

Supervising

Consultant

Community

Road corridor

Consult with villages along project road to

monitor environmental concerns

Ongoing by

Contractor and

SPIU

Contractor;

Supervising

Consultant

Labour, LBES, and

Gender Policies

Road corridor

Check contractors records and observe

break-down of local and imported labour

and gender breakdown

Ongoing by

Contractor and

SPIU

Contractor;

Supervising

Consultant and

SPIU

Operation Phase

Noise

Sensitive areas

(villages, schools,

health post)

Villages (as per EMP)

Twice/year for

3 years, mid-

term and post –

evaluation

monitoring

SPIU

Erosion

Subproject

corridor incl.

erosion

Visual assessment of erosion protection

resulting from project

Twice/year for

3 years, mid-

term and post –

evaluation

monitoring

SPIU

Water Quality

Road corridor,

streams and rivers

Visual assessment of increased suspended

solids from road or areas of erosion, if

identified

Twice/year for

3 years, mid-

term and post –

evaluation

monitoring

SPIU

Road Safety

Road corridor

Collect road accident data; Safety issues

discussed in schools

Community crossing and safety

committees operating

Twice/year for

3 years, mid-

term and post –

evaluation

monitoring

SPIU

Re-vegetation

Road corridor

Ongoing monitoring of re-vegetation as per

EMP

Twice/year for

3 years, mid-

term and post –

evaluation

monitoring

SPIU


90

Table AP3.2: ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN (EMoP) FOR CLUSTER #2 ROADS

Parameter

Location


Frequency of

Inspection

Responsibility


STI/HIV/AIDS

Prevalence

Camp



Prior to

construction

Supervising

Consultant

Villages and

Camp


villages

Prior to

construction

Supervising

Consultant

Village and site

Protocols

Villages and

Camp



and safety rules.

Prior to

construction

Supervising

Consultant

Construction Phase


Borrow Pits/

Quarries sites




Daily by

contractor

Weekly by

SPIU

Contractor;

Supervising

Consultant

Spoil areas

Read Corridor





Monthly by

Contractor

Monthly by

SPIU

Contractor;

Supervising

Consultant

Erosion

Coastal areas

adjacent to road

corridor



Daily by

contractor

Weekly by

SPIU

Contractor;

Supervising

Consultant

Hydrocarbon and

chemical storage

Construction

camp/workshop

area




containment bunds

Weekly by

Contractor

Monthly by

SPIU

Contractor;

Supervising

Consultant

Hazardous Materials

Construction

Camp





Daily by

Contractor

Monthly by

SPIU

Contractor;

Supervising

Consultant

Waste Management

Construction

Camps


disposed as per EMP

Daily by

contractor

Weekly by

SPIU

Contractor ;

Supervising

Consultant


Streams and rivers


Daily by

Contractor

Weekly by

SPIU

Contractor ;

Supervising

Consultant

Nearby water

courses




Daily by

Contractor

Weekly by

SPIU

Water Section of

the Water Utility

Directly down

streams of

pollution event

Visual inspection,


After pollution

event by

contractor and

SPIU

Water Section of

the Water Utility

Air quality

Emissions, dust,

particulate matter

Visual inspection

Daily by

Contractor

After complaint

by SPIU

Contractor ;

Supervising

Consultant

Noise

Sensitive areas


adhered to)

Daily by

Contractor

After complaint

by SPIU

Contractor ;

Supervising

Consultant

Re-vegetation

Road corridor


activities per EMP

Monthly by

Contractor and

SPIU

Contractor ;

Supervising

Consultant


91

Parameter

Location


Frequency of

Inspection

Responsibility

Social impact

Villages along the

project road





Monthly by

Contractor and

SPIU

Contractor;

Supervising

Consultant

Community

Road corridor



Ongoing by

Contractor and

SPIU

Contractor;

Supervising

Consultant

Labour, LBES, and

Gender Policies

Road corridor




Ongoing by

Contractor and

SPIU

Contractor,

Supervising

Consultant and

SPIU

Operation Phase

Noise

Sensitive areas

(villages, schools,

health post)


Twice/year for

3 years, mid-

term and post –

evaluation

monitoring

SPIU

Erosion

Subproject

corridor incl.

erosion



Twice/year for

3 years, mid-

term and post –

evaluation

monitoring

SPIU

Water Quality

Road corridor,

streams and rivers



identified

Twice/year for

3 years, mid-

term and post –

evaluation

monitoring

SPIU

Road Safety

Road corridor





Twice/year for

3 years, mid-

term and post –

evaluation

monitoring

SPIU

Re-vegetation

Road corridor


EMP

Twice/year for

3 years, mid-

term and post –

evaluation

monitoring

SPIU


92


Parameter

Location


Frequency of

Inspection

Responsibility


STI/HIV/AIDS

Prevalence

Camp



Prior to

construction

Supervising

Consultant

Villages and

Camp


villages

Prior to

construction

Supervising

Consultant

Village and site

Protocols

Villages and

Camp



and safety rules.

Prior to

construction

Supervising

Consultant

Construction Phase


Borrow Pits/

Quarries sites




Daily by

contractor

Weekly by

SPIU

Contractor;

Supervising

Consultant

Spoil areas

Read Corridor





Monthly by

Contractor

Monthly by

SPIU

Contractor;

Supervising

Consultant

Erosion

Coastal areas

adjacent to road

corridor



Daily by

contractor

Weekly by

SPIU

Contractor;

Supervising

Consultant

Hydrocarbon and

chemical storage

Construction

camp/workshop

area




containment bunds

Weekly by

Contractor

Monthly by

SPIU

Contractor;

Supervising

Consultant

Hazardous Materials

Construction

Camp





Daily by

Contractor

Monthly by

SPIU

Contractor;

Supervising

Consultant

Waste Management

Construction

Camps


disposed as per EMP

Daily by

contractor

Weekly by

SPIU

Contractor ;

Supervising

Consultant


Streams and rivers


Daily by

Contractor

Weekly by

SPIU

Contractor ;

Supervising

Consultant

Nearby water

courses




Daily by

Contractor

Weekly by

SPIU

Water Section of

the Water Utility

Directly down

streams of

pollution event

Visual inspection,


After pollution

event by

contractor and

SPIU

Water Section of

the Water Utility

Air quality

Emissions, dust,

particulate matter

Visual inspection

Daily by

Contractor

After complaint

by SPIU

Contractor ;

Supervising

Consultant

Noise

Sensitive areas


adhered to)

Daily by

Contractor

After complaint

by SPIU

Contractor ;

Supervising

Consultant

Re-vegetation

Road corridor


activities per EMP

Monthly by

Contractor and

SPIU

Contractor ;

Supervising

Consultant


93

Parameter

Location


Frequency of

Inspection

Responsibility

Social impact

Villages along the

project road





Monthly by

Contractor and

SPIU

Contractor;

Supervising

Consultant

Community

Road corridor



Ongoing by

Contractor and

SPIU

Contractor;

Supervising

Consultant

Labour, LBES, and

Gender Policies

Road corridor




Ongoing by

Contractor and

SPIU

Contractor,

Supervising

Consultant and

FPMU

Operation Phase

Noise

Sensitive areas

(villages, schools,

health post)


Twice/year for

3 years, mid-

term and post –

evaluation

monitoring

SPIU

Erosion

Subproject

corridor incl.

erosion



Twice/year for

3 years, mid-

term and post –

evaluation

monitoring

SPIU

Water Quality

Road corridor,

streams and rivers



identified

Twice/year for

3 years, mid-

term and post –

evaluation

monitoring

SPIU

Road Safety

Road corridor





Twice/year for

3 years, mid-

term and post –

evaluation

monitoring

SPIU

Re-vegetation

Road corridor


EMP

Twice/year for

3 years, mid-

term and post –

evaluation

monitoring

SPIU


94


Parameter

Location


Frequency of

Inspection

Responsibility


STI/HIV/AIDS

Prevalence

Camp



Prior to

construction

Supervising

Consultant

Villages and

Camp


villages

Prior to

construction

Supervising

Consultant

Village and site

Protocols

Villages and

Camp



and safety rules.

Prior to

construction

Supervising

Consultant

Construction Phase


Borrow Pits/

Quarries sites




Daily by

contractor

Weekly by

SPIU

Contractor;

Supervising

Consultant

Spoil areas

Read Corridor





Monthly by

Contractor

Monthly by

SPIU

Contractor;

Supervising

Consultant

Erosion

Coastal areas

adjacent to road

corridor



Daily by

contractor

Weekly by

SPIU

Contractor;

Supervising

Consultant

Hydrocarbon and

chemical storage

Construction

camp/workshop

area




containment bunds

Weekly by

Contractor

Monthly by

SPIU

Contractor;

Supervising

Consultant

Hazardous Materials

Construction

Camp





Daily by

Contractor

Monthly by

SPIU

Contractor;

Supervising

Consultant

Waste Management

Construction

Camps


disposed as per EMP

Daily by

contractor

Weekly by

SPIU

Contractor ;

Supervising

Consultant


Streams and rivers


Daily by

Contractor

Weekly by

SPIU

Contractor ;

Supervising

Consultant

Nearby water

courses




Daily by

Contractor

Weekly by

SPIU

Water Section of

the Water Utility

Directly down

streams of

pollution event

Visual inspection,


After pollution

event by

contractor and

SPIU

Water Section of

the Water Utility

Air quality

Emissions, dust,

particulate matter

Visual inspection

Daily by

Contractor

After complaint

by SPIU

Contractor ;

Supervising

Consultant

Noise

Sensitive areas


adhered to)

Daily by

Contractor

After complaint

by SPIU

Contractor ;

Supervising

Consultant

Re-vegetation

Road corridor


activities per EMP

Monthly by

Contractor and

SPIU

Contractor ;

Supervising

Consultant


95

Parameter

Location


Frequency of

Inspection

Responsibility

Social impact

Villages along the

project road





Monthly by

Contractor and

SPIU

Contractor;

Supervising

Consultant

Community

Road corridor



Ongoing by

Contractor and

SPIU

Contractor;

Supervising

Consultant

Labour, LBES, and

Gender Policies

Road corridor




Ongoing by

Contractor and

SPIU

Contractor,

Supervising

Consultant and

SPIU

Operation Phase

Noise

Sensitive areas

(villages, schools,

health post)


Twice/year for

3 years, mid-

term and post –

evaluation

monitoring

SPIU

Erosion

Subproject

corridor incl.

erosion



Twice/year for

3 years, mid-

term and post –

evaluation

monitoring

SPIU

Water Quality

Road corridor,

streams and rivers



identified

Twice/year for

3 years, mid-

term and post –

evaluation

monitoring

SPIU

Road Safety

Road corridor





Twice/year for

3 years, mid-

term and post –

evaluation

monitoring

SPIU

Re-vegetation

Road corridor


EMP

Twice/year for

3 years, mid-

term and post –

evaluation

monitoring

SPIU


96

Appendix D: PICTURES and MINUTES OF MEETINGS

Pix D-1: Stakeholders at Umuaniagu

Pix D-2: Women Group at Umuaniagu


97

Pix D-3: Stakeholders at Ojor


98

Appendix D-2:MINUTES OF THE CONSULTATION AND NOTIFICATION MEETING

ON THE PROPOSED UNTH-ENUGUAGU NDIAGU-UMUANIAGU-OBE AMURI ROAD (11.88kM)

HELD IN UMUANIAGU (OZALLA) ON THE 29TH MAY, 2012 AT 10.00AM

1.0 ATTENDANCE

i. Chairman, Mr. Joseph Nwogbodo (Community Head)

ii. Engr. Fidelis Nweke, SPIU State Coordinator, Enugu State

iii. Dr. Shakirudeen Odunuga, Pheman Peniel Consultants Ltd

iv. Engr . Bidemi Bello, Pheman Peniel Consultants Ltd

v. Engr. S. Igwuodo, SPIU, Enugu State

vi. Engr. Nsiegbunam, SPIU State, Enugu State

vii. 51 Female Participants

viii. 49 Male Participants

2.0 OPENING

The meeting commenced at about 10.00am with Engr F. Nweke introducing members

of the team present. Mr. Joseph Nwogbodo, who is a community/family head and

Chairman of the meeting led the PAPs in introducing themselves one after the other.

3.0 MEETING OBJECTIVES

Project Description: The intentions of FPMU/RAMP and the objectives of RAMP to

upgrade the rural road network in Enugu State and particularly the

construction of the 11.88kM long UNTH-Enuguagu Ndiagu-

Umuaniagu-Obe- Amuri Road on the side of which their

community lies was explained by Engr. Fidelis Nweke. He made the

participants to understand the need for their participation in the

realization of the objectives of the project and continued

consultation towards the success of the project. He pointed out

that the project may involve certain environmental and social

impacts on their society.

Project Objectives: The key objectives of the proposed road project, the safeguard

issues involved and how some impacted farmlands, plantations

and community structures have been identified for mitigation

measures and resettlement action plan were presented to the

Chairman and the participants. He made the audience to

appreciate that the project is a World Bank-assisted one which

requires that adequate environmental and social impact

assessments and mitigation measures have to be carried out for

the sustainability of the project.

Dr. Odunuga further reiterated that FPMU would embark on the

project and has also identified social and environmental issues that


99

the project will impact and what could be done to address the

potential negative impacts of the project.

He mentioned that all parties including members of Umuaniagu

community would be involved in the execution and management

of the proposed project before and during and after construction.

He further presented the list and extent of and led the meeting to

confirm and approve the landed property, farmlands, shrines and

structures which his team has identified under environmental and

social screening.

Deliberations, Approval

and Confirmation: Extensive consultations on the level of impacts the proposed road

would have on the community and their properties were made by

the audience. Both men and women from different families asked

pertinent questions and sought clarifications on the types of

impact, mitigation measures, resettlement action plans,

compensation and the construction programme and type to be

adopted. Both Engr. Nweke and Dr. Odunuga provided answers to

their questions and allayed their fears of either not being

compensated or environmental degradation.

An inspection of the identified landed properties, farmland, shrines

and structures that will be affected by the proposed project was

carried out jointly by the participants and the project team.

Based on this inspection exercise, the following properties were

confirmed by both parties as falling under environmental and

social impact.

vi. Three (3Nos.)Major Shrines on the RoW of the project road

vii. Cassava Farmland of an area of 4,500 Square metres.

viii. 281 Baskets of Cassava to be harvested from the cassava

farmland

ix. 63 Oil Palm Trees

x. 54 Other Economic Trees

The Chairman presented the outcome of the exercise to the house

and the whole house further confirmed and approved the above

five items as falling under environmental and social impact. He

further promised that these issues will be adequately taken care of

during project implementation.


100

4.0 CLOSING

The Chairman commended the efforts of FPMU/SPIU and the World Bank for bringing

development projects to their area and promised and promised to give full

cooperation towards the success of the project.

The meeting came to a close at 1.30pm, Nigerian time.

SIGNED SIGNED

Mr. Joseph Nwobodo Dr. Shakirudeen Odunuga

Community Head Pheman Peniel

Consultants Ltd

SIGNED

Engr. Fidelis Nweke

State Coordinator, SPIU, Enugu State


101

Appendix D-3: MINUTES OF THE CONSULTATION AND NOTIFICATION MEETING

ON THE PROPOSED ADANI-ASABA-IGGA-OJOR ROAD (9.94kM) HELD IN OJOR ON THE

30TH MAY, 2012 AT 11.00AM

1.0 ATTENDANCE

i. Chairman, HRH. Igwe Emmanuel Umunna (Community Head)

ii. Engr. Fidelis Nweke, SPIU State Coordinator, Enugu State

iii. Dr. Shakirudeen Odunuga, Pheman Peniel Consultants Ltd

iv. Engr . Bidemi Bello, Pheman Peniel Consultants Ltd

v. Engr. S. Igwuodo, SPIU, Enugu State

vi. Engr. Nsiegbunam, SPIU State, Enugu State

vii. 20 Female Participants

viii. 20 Male Participants

2.0 OPENING

The meeting commenced at about 10.00am with Engr F. Nweke introducing members

of the team present. HRH. Igwe Emmanuel Umunna, who is the community/family

head and Chairman of the meeting, led the PAPs in introducing themselves one after

the other.

3.0 MEETING OBJECTIVES

Project Description: Engr. F. Nweke explained the intentions of FPMU/RAMP and the

objectives of RAMP to upgrade the rural road network in Enugu

State and particularly the construction of the 9.94kM long Adani-

Asaba-Igga-Ojor Road on the side of which their community lies.

He made the attendees to understand the need for their

participation in the realization of the objectives of the project and

continued consultation towards the success of the project. He

pointed out that the project may involve certain environmental

and social impacts which have been identified by the project

team.

Project Objectives: Dr. Odunuga explained the key objectives of the proposed road

project, the safeguard issues involved and how some farmlands,

plantations and community structures have been identified for as

falling under environmental and social impacts and resettlement

action plan to the Chairman and the participants. He made the

audience to appreciate that the project is a World Bank-assisted

one which requires that adequate care will be taken during project

implementation to prevent environmental degradation and

compensation should be paid to all those who are going to either

be displaced or relocated.


102

Dr. Odunuga further reiterated that FPMU would embark on the

project and has also identified the associated environmental and

social impacts and what could be done to mitigate their potential

negative impacts.

He mentioned that all parties including members of Ojor

community would be involved in the execution and management

of the proposed project before and during and after construction.

He made them to understand that being stakeholders they would

be compensated for any loss of land, farm produce, shrines and

structures in accordance with the guidelines of the World Bank and

the Federal Ministry of the Environment. He further presented the list

and extent of and led the meeting to confirm and approve the

landed property, farmlands, shrines and structures which his team

has identified as falling under environmental and social impacts of

the proposed road project.

Deliberations, Approval

and Confirmation: The whole audience was engaged in extensive consultations on

the level of impacts the proposed road would have on the

community. Both men and women from different families asked

pertinent questions and sought clarifications on the types of

impact, mitigation measures, resettlement action plans,

compensation and the construction programme and type to be

adopted. Both Engr. Nweke and Dr. Odunuga provided answers to

their questions and allayed their fears of environmental

degradation and not being compensated.

The meeting rose and carried out an inspection of the identified

landed properties, farmland, shrines and structures that will be

affected by the proposed project.

Based on this inspection exercise, the following properties were

confirmed by the project team and the participants as coming

under environmental and social impacts of the proposed project.


ii. Forty (40Nos.)Minor Shrines on the RoW of the project road

iii. Cassava Farmland of an area of 1,200 Square metres.

iv. Virgin land of an area of 3,600 Square metres.

v. 75 Baskets of Cassava to be harvested from the cassava

farmland

vi. A Transformer to be shifted.


103

The Chairman presented the outcome of the exercise to the house

and the whole house further confirmed and approved the above

five items as coming under environmental and social impacts of

the proposed project.

4.0 CLOSING

The Chairman commended the efforts of FPMU/SPIU and the World Bank for bringing

development projects to their area, thanked the PAPs for honouring the invitation to

and participating meaningfully in the consultation and promised to give full support

towards the advancement of the project to realisation.

The meeting came to a close at 3.00pm, Nigerian time.

SIGNED SIGNED

HRH Igwe Emmanuel Umunna Dr. Shakirudeen Odunuga

Community Head Pheman Peniel

Consultants Ltd

SIGNED

Engr. Fidelis Nweke

State Coordinator, SPIU, Enugu State


104

APPENDIX E:

Summary of World Bank Environment and Social Safeguard Policies

Environment Assessment (OP 4.01). Outlines Bank policy and procedure for the

Environment assessment of Bank lending operations. The Bank undertakes

Environment screening of each proposed project to determine the appropriate

extent and type of EA process. This Environment process will apply to all sub-projects

to be funded by RAMP II.

Natural Habitats (OP 4.04). The conservation of natural habitats, like other measures

that protect and enhance the environment, is essential for long-term sustainable

development. The Bank does not support projects involving the significant

conversion of natural habitats unless there are no feasible alternatives for the

project and its citing, and comprehensive analysis demonstrates that overall

benefits from the project substantially outweigh the Environment costs. If the

Environment assessment indicates that a project would significantly convert or

degrade natural habitats, the project includes mitigation measures acceptable to

the Bank. Such mitigation measures include, as appropriate, minimizing habitat loss

(e.g. strategic habitat retention and post-development restoration) and establishing

and maintaining an ecologically similar protected area. The Bank accepts other

forms of mitigation measures only when they are technically justified. Should the sub-

project-specific ESMPs indicate that natural habitats might be affected negatively

by the proposed sub-project activities with suitable mitigation measures, such sub-

projects will not be funded under the RAMP II.

Pest Management (OP 4.09). The policy supports safe, affective, and Environmently

sound pest management. It promotes the use of biological and Environment control

methods. An assessment is made of the capacity of the country’s regulatory

framework and institutions to promote and support safe, effective, and

Environmently sound pest management. This policy will most likely not apply to

RAMP II

Involuntary Resettlement (OP 4.12). This policy covers direct economic and social

impacts that both result from Bank-assisted investment projects, and are caused by

(a) the involuntary taking of land resulting in (i) relocation or loss of shelter; (ii) loss of

assets or access to assets, or (iii) loss of income sources or means of livelihood,

whether or not the affected persons must move to another location; or (b) the

involuntary restriction of access to legally designated parks and protected areas

resulting in adverse impacts on the livelihoods of the displaced persons. The other

safeguards instrument prepared for this project that is the Resettlement Policy

Framework (RPF) reports discuss the applicability of this policy in detail.

Indigenous Peoples (OD 4.20). This directive provides guidance to ensure that

indigenous peoples benefit from development projects, and to avoid or mitigate

adverse effects of Bank-financed development projects on indigenous peoples.

Measures to address issues pertaining to indigenous peoples must be based on the

informed participation of the indigenous people themselves. Sub-projects that


105

would have negative impacts on indigenous people will not be funded under RAMP

II

Forests (OP 4.36). This policy applies to the following types of Bank-financed

investment projects: (a) projects that have or may have impacts on the health and

quality of forests; (b) projects that affect the rights and welfare of people and their

level of dependence upon or interaction with forests; and (c) projects that aim to

bring about changes in the management, protection, or utilization of natural forests

or plantations, whether they are publicly, privately, or communally owned. The Bank

does not finance projects that, in its opinion, would involve significant conversion or

degradation of critical forest areas or related critical habitats. If a project involves

the significant conversion or degradation of natural forests or related natural

habitats that the Bank determines are not critical, and the Bank determines that

there are no feasible alternatives to the project and its siting, and comprehensive

analysis demonstrates that overall benefits from the project substantially outweigh

the Environment costs, the Bank may finance the project provided that it

incorporates appropriate mitigation measures. Sub-projects that are likely to have

negative impacts on forests will not be funded under the proposed project.

Cultural Property (OPN 11.03). The term “cultural property” includes sites having

archeological (prehistoric), paleontological, historical, religious, and unique natural

values. The Bank’s general policy regarding cultural property is to assist in their

preservation, and to seek to avoid their elimination. Specifically, the Bank (i)

normally declines to finance projects that will significantly damage non-replicable

cultural property, and will assist only those projects that are sited or designed so as

to prevent such damage; and (ii) will assist in the protection and enhancement of

cultural properties encountered in Bank-financed projects, rather than leaving that

protection to chance. The management of cultural property of a country is the

responsibility of the government. The government’s attention should be drawn

specifically to what is known about the cultural property aspects of the proposed

project site and appropriate agencies, NGOs, or university departments should be

consulted; if there are any questions concerning cultural property in the area, a brief

reconnaissance survey should be undertaken in the field by a specialist. This project

will not fund sub-projects that will have negative impacts on cultural property.

Safety of Dams (OP 4.37). For the life of any dam, the owner is responsible for

ensuring that appropriate measures are taken and sufficient resources provided for

the safety to the dam, irrespective of its funding sources or construction status. The

Bank distinguishes between small and large dams. Small dams are normally less than

15 m in height; this category includes, for example, farm ponds, local silt retention

dams, and low embankment tanks. For small dams, generic dam safety measures

designed by qualified engineers are usually adequate. This policy does not apply to

RAMP II since the policy is not triggered under the project.

Projects on International Waterways (O7.50). The Bank recognizes that the

cooperation and good will of riparians is essential for the efficient utilization and

protection of international waterways and attaches great importance to riparians


106

making appropriate agreements or arrangement for the entire waterway or any

part thereof. Projects that trigger this policy include hydroelectric, irrigation, flood

control, navigation,

drainage, water and sewerage, industrial, and similar projects that involve the use or

potential pollution of international waterways. This policy will not apply to RAMP II

.

Disputed Areas (OP/BP/GP 7.60). Project in disputed areas may occur, the Bank and

its member countries as well as between the borrower and one or more

neighbouring countries. Any dispute over an area in which a proposed project is

located requires formal procedures at the earliest possible stage. The Bank attempts

to acquire assurance that it may proceed with a project in a disputed area if the

governments concerned agree that, pending the settlement of the dispute, the

project proposed can go forward without prejudice to the claims of the country

having a dispute. This policy is not expected to be triggered by sub-projects. This

policy is unlikely to be triggered by sub-projects to be funded under the proposed

project.


107

APPENDIX F: Table AP4.1: Accessibility and Mobility Data for Six (6) High Priority Intervention Areas

#.

INTERVENTION

AREA

Length of

Paved

Road(kM)

Length of

Unpaved

Road (kM)

Length of

Tracks/

Footpaths

(kM)

Length of

Rivers/

Stream

(kM)

Area

of

Highlands

(kM2)

Area

of Plane

Land (kM2)

Number

of

Vehicles

Motor

Parks

(Number)

Dist. b/w

IA and

SC (kM)

1. Aninri/Awgu 142.60 452.1 62.88 149.5 267.09 390.79 9,000 2 59.0

2. Nkanu West/

Nkanu East/

Enugu South

222.25

465.15

77.13

208.0

61.84

865.55

26,650

3

18.70

3. Isi Uzo 0.00 245.5 86.50 222.0 34.82 652.80 2,500 1 195.0

4. Uzo Uwani 19.0 373.80 88 62.125 275.48 459.14 3,530 1 70.0

5. Udi 273.0 321.00 151.5 85.40 254.42 563.36 7,170 1 32.0

6.

Oji River

/Ezeagu

92.3

699.20

58.13

157.50

101.68

711.77

14,352

2

30.00


108

APPENDIX F: Table AP4.2: Economic Efficiency Data for Six (6) High Priority Intervention Areas

#.

INTERVENTION

AREA

Agric

Farmland

Area(Ha)

Value of

Agric

Produce

(NGN)

Transport

Fare

(NGN)

Area of

Forest

(Ha)

Annual

Total

Revenue

(NGN)

Annual

Expend. on

Health

(NGN)

Annual

Expend

on Educ

(NGN)

Annual

Expend

on Econs

Services

(NGN)

Annual

Expend

on

Services

(NGN)

1. Aninri/Awgu 52.07 26.04M 250 46.6 886.4M 101.35M 18.33M 9.06M 58.63M

2. Nkanu West/

Nkanu East/

Enugu South

50.78

25.40M

250

-

1,395M

130.37M

23.12M

159.12M

49.83M

3. Isi Uzo 31.24 15.62M 450 140 621.M 47.4M 6.34M 45.25M 42.21M

4. Uzo Uwani 5,364.55 2,682.3M 600 - 377.5M 60.7M 6.21M 75.56M 37.5M

5. Udi 15.63 7.82M 200 911.0 496.1M 62.2M 13.73M 57.20M 37.6M

6. Oji River

/Ezeagu

2,730.52

1,365.3M

200

1,248.6

845.5M

87.3M

7.42M

90.87M

62.0M


109

APPENDIX F: Table AP4.3: Social Impact Data for Six (6) High Priority Intervention Areas

#.

INTERVENTION

AREA

Number of

Hospitals

Number of

Primary

Schools

Number of

Secondary

Schools

Enrolment in

Primary

Schools

Enrolment in

Secondary

Schools

Population

Number of

Markets/

Industries

1. Aninri/Awgu 73 150 41 31,756 15,707 331,857 32

2. Nkanu West/

Nkanu East/

Enugu South

150

156

46

32,899

32,604

494,192

47

3. Isi Uzo 34 83 8 11,659 6,060 148,415 14

4. Uzo Uwani 43 59 14 10,500 4,496 124,480 27

5. Udi 52 98 28 12,875 11,766 234,002 26

6. Oji River

/Ezeagu

90

161

41

20,052

13,033

296,305

40


110