Runway Incursion

IFALPA

International Federation of

Air Line Pilots’ Associations

Runway incursion

•Any occurrence at an aerodromeinvolving the incorrect presenceof an aircraft, vehicle or personon the protected area of a surfacedesignated for the landing andtake-off of aircraft.

• Doc 4444 Procedures for Air Navigation Services

Runway Safety• ICAO document 9870, the Runway Incursion

Prevention Manual, is based on the Eurocontrolaction plan and FAA initiatives, focusing on shortand medium term preventive actions. These mightbe the best achievable at present, but the realsolutions lie in

designing out the

problem which

requires a more

systemic approach

focusing on the future.

Runway Safety

• IFALPA’s preferred solution is to designairports in such a way that Taxiwayscrossing runways should be avoidedwhenever possible, by the construction of“end-around” or “perimeter” taxiways.

• When a crossing is unavoidable, it should bedone at a low energy point on the runway,at either runway end, entrance Taxiways fora runway shall be restricted to thoserequired for lining up, for take off and shallbe perpendicular to that runway.

Runway Safety

• Many airports were constructed more than 30 yearsago, during these years aviation traffic has grownexponentially. Many airports around the world stillhave the original signs and markings, and they areno longer ICAO compliant. Leaving a pilot tointerpret the meaning of these non standard signsand markings is an unnecessary hazard that maylead to a significant safety event. IFALPA considersthe use of non standard signs and markings athreat for its pilots and is requesting theirstandardization around the globe.

Runway Safety

History

1830’

1709-1780

1850’

HOY

1900’1936

1958

HOY

AIRPORTS

1967

< 1949

19311947

LRST

Legacy Airportsor DC 6 Airports

1941

CARSAM AIRPORTS• LIMA 1965• Quito 1960• El Dorado 1959• Caracas 1945• Panamá 1947 • Guatemala 1966*• Montevideo 1947• Santo Domingo 1959• RIO 1952• San José 1958

Runway Safety

• The design of an airport can makea significant difference to thenumber of Runway Incursionsexperienced. The statistics showthat airport configurations where arunway has to be crossed as partof normal operations are morevulnerable to runway incursions.Accident statistics also show thatrisk increases when there aresudden changes to trafficthroughput e.g. Tenerife 1977, orunusual local circumstances.

Runway Safety

• While appropriate operational proceduresare essential, airport design that eliminatesrunway crossings are what IFALPA is askingfrom airport operators around the world

The use of ICAO Annex 14 standard Signs and Markings

• Signs and Markings are thebody language of anairport and are asimportant as the use ofstandard ICAOphraseology, local words orsignage are onlymeaningful to local pilots.IFALPA requests that onlyICAO Annex 14 compliantsigns and markings areused at all airports.

18

Markings

Pop quiz?

The three most important

things about painted

markings are?

19

Markings

Contrast

Contrast

Contrast

20

Uncontrasted Rwy Holding Position Marking

Look Hard it’s Here!

21This is much better!

STOP BARS

• Use of STOP BARS operated 24 hours per day in allweather conditions are considered a significantsafety benefit by Pilots and Drivers working on themanoeuvering area and therefore Air TrafficControllers. Controller workload is consideredacceptable given an appropriate procedure and co-location of the stop bar switches with the Controllerworking position. IFALPA requests that Stop Bars areused 24 hours per day to protect the runway.

STOP BARS

A stop Bar shall beprovided at everyrunway-holding positionserving a runway ehen itis intended that therunway will be used inrunway visual rangeconditions less than avalue between 350mand 550 m

5.3.19.2

Taxiway Nomenclature,

• Complex taxiway environments, with illogical namingconventions applied, e.g. taxiways with similar, or the samedesignations, as another part of the same airport, lead to pilotand driver confusion and a loss of situational awareness byall. The misunderstanding of taxiway clearances leads tonavigation errors on the ground, runway incursions daily andoccasionally to accidents. To reduce such incidents andaccidents all taxiways and especially taxiways that enter andexit the runway should be instinctive and logical to the pilots,air traffic controllers and vehicle drivers. That requires logicalroutings with logical nomenclature. To do this IFALPA hasdeveloped a policy to help airport administrators to do this.ICAO is requested to update Annex 14 accordingly.

IFALPA

• Working papers in the different ICAO working groups:

• VAWG– Runway Approach Area Holding

Position Sign

– 05R APCH

• AP– Excessive Taxiway Widths

•Taxi Side Stripe Marking

• ADWG– Taxiway Signage Naming Nomenclature

INSIDE IFALPA

• RST giddiness course

1. Introduction

2. ICAO Annex 14 & IFALPA Annex 14

1. IFALPA Guidance

1. Exercise

2. Reference

Aircraft lights;

• The use of aircraft lights serve two basic goals, SEEand BE SEEN. As a direct effect, the aircraft will bemore conspicuous and that is essential for otheraircraft, ground crew, vehicle drivers and ATC toaid visual detection. Navigation (position), anticollision, strobe, logo, taxi, turnoff and landinglights are useful aids to make aircraft moreconspicuous and show intention of movement.Adherence to IFALPA Policy is stronglyrecommended to aircraft operators and aircraftmanufacturers to help standardize operatingprocedures.

•Thank you

•Questions??