C M Y K Nxxx,2016-11-22,A,001,Bs-4C,E2

Today, clouds, sun, breezy, cold, high46. Tonight, mainly clear, cold, low34. Tomorrow, sunshine, clouds,less wind, a bit warmer, high 49.Weather map appears on Page A16.

U(D54G1D)y+&!{!$!=!.

Less than a week after a humiliatingloss, U.S. Soccer announced that JurgenKlinsmann had been fired as coach ofthe men’s national soccer team. PAGE B8

SPORTSTUESDAY B8-12

U.S. Soccer Coach Is DismissedMarijuana use is legal in California, butthe ordeals of one of the state’s largestcannabis companies have left many inthe industry fearful. PAGE A13

NATIONAL A13-22

A Bumpy Road to Legality

David Brooks PAGE A31

EDITORIAL, OP-ED A30-31

After disclosures of an exten-sive, state-run doping program inRussia, sports officials have beenretesting urine samples from the2008 and 2012 Summer Olympics,in Beijing and London. Their find-ings have resulted in a top-to-bot-tom rewriting of Olympics history.

More than 75 athletes fromthose two Olympics have beenfound, upon further scrutiny, to beguilty of doping violations. A ma-jority are from Russia and otherEastern European countries. Atleast 40 of them won medals. Dis-ciplinary proceedings are con-tinuing against other athletes, andthe numbers are expected toclimb.

Anyone looking at the recordbooks for the Beijing and LondonGames might think them an illu-sion. Medals are being strippedfrom dozens of athletes and redis-tributed to those who were de-

prived a spot on the podium.“The numbers are just impossi-

ble, incredible,” said Gian-FrancoKasper, an executive board mem-ber of the International OlympicCommittee. “We lose credibility.Credibility is a major concern.”

The results of the retests arecoming at a time of intense inter-national scrutiny on Russian ath-letes. The country’s longtime anti-doping lab chief in May describedan elaborate doping program andcheating scheme, and nearly athird of Russia’s Olympic teamwas barred from the SummerGames in Rio de Janeiro.

The Olympic committee an-nounced penalties for 16 athleteslast week and another 12 on Mon-day. Suddenly — and unceremoni-ously — some undecorated Olym-pians are inheriting medals for

From 6th to Olympic Medalist:Doping Results Topple Podium

By REBECCA R. RUIZ

Top, the American high jumper Chaunté Lowe, sixth in the 2008Beijing Olympics, was moved up to third after three women,above, who finished ahead of her were disqualified for doping.

TOP, DOUG MILLS/THE NEW YORK TIMES; FROM LEFT, DAVID J. PHILLIP/ASSOCIATED PRESS; JED JACOBSOHN/GETTY IMAGES; PIERRE-PHILIPPE MARCOU/AGENCE FRANCE-PRESSE — GETTY IMAGES

Continued on Page B12

STEPHANIE KEITH/REUTERS

Officers doused people protesting an oil pipeline project near Cannon Ball, N.D., on Sunday. Sixteen were held Monday. Page A14.Resisting a Pipeline, and Water Cannons, in North Dakota

WASHINGTON — Not long af-ter he took office, PresidentObama sought advice from theJustice Department about a po-tential conflict of interest involv-ing a foreign government. Hewanted to know whether he couldaccept the Nobel Peace Prize.

The answer turned on theEmoluments Clause, an obscureprovision of the Constitution thatnow poses risks for President-elect Donald J. Trump should hecontinue to reap benefits fromtransactions with companies con-trolled by foreign governments.

“Emolument” means compen-sation for labor or services. Andthe clause says that “no personholding any office of profit ortrust” shall “accept of any present,emolument, office or title, of any

kind whatever, from any king,prince or foreign state” unlessCongress consents.

It took David J. Barron, a Jus-tice Department official who isnow a federal appeals court judgein Boston, 13 single-spaced pagesto answer Mr. Obama’s question.

Two things were clear, he wrote.The Emoluments Clause “surely”applied to the president, and theprize, which included a check forabout $1.4 million, was the sort ofthing that would be barred if itcame from a foreign state. In theend, however, Mr. Barron con-cluded that Mr. Obama could ac-cept the prize because the com-mittee that chose him was inde-pendent of the Norwegian govern-ment and the prize itself was

Trump’s Foreign Business Deals May Test a Constitutional Limit

By ADAM LIPTAK

Continued on Page A22

WASHINGTON — Donald J.Trump ran for president boastingthat he knew more about fightingterrorists than America’s gener-als.

But now that Mr. Trump is thepresident-elect, he is spending agreat deal of his time with retiredgenerals, and those of a particularbreed: commanders who, whenthey served, were often at oddswith President Obama.

One has been named as Mr.Trump’s national security adviser,and several others are candidatesfor coveted positions in his cab-inet or are advising him on how toconfront the world’s greatestthreats. They would give his for-eign policy a far more aggressivecast than Mr. Obama’s.

Turning to the retired officers

reflects Mr. Trump’s preferencefor having strong, even swagger-ing, men around him. But it wor-ries national security experts andeven other retired generals, whosay that if Mr. Trump stacks criti-cal jobs purely with warriors, itcould lead to an undue emphasison military force in American for-eign policy.

“If you have too many generalsin the kitchen, the dish is likely tobe baked with even more militaryinstruments inside,” said John A.Nagl, a retired Army lieutenantcolonel and an expert in counter-insurgency strategy. “I’m not surethat’s the recipe the United Statesneeds for every foreign policymeal.”

Mr. Trump’s inclination toward

Focus on Generals for Top JobsStirs Worries on Military Sway

By MARK LANDLER and HELENE COOPER

Continued on Page A20

WASHINGTON — President-elect Donald J. Trump on Mondayreleased a two-and-a-half-minuteinfomercial-style video, turning tosocial media to deliver a direct-to-camera message in which hevowed to create jobs, renegotiatetrade agreements, end restric-tions on energy production andimpose bans on lobbying.

Mr. Trump offered what hecalled an update on his transition,which he said was going “verysmoothly, efficiently and effec-tively.” Reading from a script andlooking into a camera, he steeredclear of his most inflammatorycampaign promises to deport im-migrants and track Muslims andhis pledge to repeal the AffordableCare Act.

“Whether it’s producing steel,building cars or curing disease, Iwant the next generation of pro-duction and innovation to happenright here, in our great homeland:America — creating wealth andjobs for American workers,” Mr.Trump said in the video.

The brief YouTube video offeredone of the few opportunities forthe public to hear from Mr. Trumpdirectly since he was elected twoweeks ago. The president-electhas declined to hold a news con-ference since his victory, and in-stead has used early-morningTwitter bursts to communicate.

Mr. Trump gave a brief middle-of-the-night speech after HillaryClinton called him on Nov. 9. Andhe sat for an interview with TheWall Street Journal and an ap-pearance, surrounded by his fam-ily, on CBS News’s “60 Minutes”last week. Since then, he hasmostly been behind closed doorsas he assembles a cabinet andWhite House team.

In the video, Mr. Trump de-

TRUMP, ON VIDEO,SAYS TRANSITION

RUNS SMOOTHLY

AN APPEAL ON YOUTUBE

Softer Tone in AvoidingTopics Like Terrorism

and Immigration

By MICHAEL D. SHEARand JULIE HIRSCHFELD DAVIS

Continued on Page A19

Under Bryant Park, the New YorkPublic Library has opened a repositoryof research materials in a concrete-encased, climate-controlled vault. Witha little red railroad. PAGE A24

NEW YORK A24-28

A Railroad in the Library

Francis made permanent a decisionthat allows priests to grant absolutionfor an act that the Roman CatholicChurch considers “a grave sin.” PAGE A4

Pope Extends Abortion Policy

The problems of South Korea’s femalepresident have left many women infuri-ated and fearful that their patriarchalcountry will become even more skepti-cal of female leadership. PAGE A4

INTERNATIONAL A4-12

Gender and Political Scandal

A free app, Explorer, offers facts, videosand teaching tools for some 70 of themost compelling items at the AmericanMuseum of Natural History. PAGE C1

ARTS C1-8

Your Digital Museum DocentNASA’s James Webb Space Telescope— the long-awaited successor of theHubble Space Telescope — is on budgetand on track for a 2018 launch. PAGE D1

SCIENCE TIMES D1-6

Hubble’s Successor Has a Date

Two weeks after Donald J.Trump swept to victory, investorsfrom around the world are bettingthat his promises of tax cuts,fewer regulations and a spend-thrift federal government can re-charge the American economy.

This burst of exuberance sentthe major markets to record highson Monday, as investors contin-ued to pull out of governmentbond funds whose yields are mi-serly. The momentum has shownfew signs of slowing and has re-sulted in significant flows ofmoney being poured into UnitedStates stocks.

The rush of money has alsopushed up the value of the dollaragainst the currencies of devel-oped nations, such as the euro,and those of developing nationslike Brazil, Turkey and Mexico. Astrong dollar that is underpinnedby rising interest rates tends tospell trouble for emerging mar-kets, as investors move moneyfrom these countries, creatinghavoc and making it harder forgovernments and corporations topay off their dollar-denominateddebts.

For that reason, many econo-mists have warned that the down-side to a Trump-inspired revival ofthe United States economy is aspate of calamities in emergingmarkets, as investors headquickly for the exit.

The recent euphoria stands insharp contrast to Wall Street’sprediction, before the election, ofmarket mayhem if Mr. Trumpwere to win. The view had beenthat his unpredictable ways wouldspook the financial world, notleast his threat to rip up trade

Investors MakeA Bullish BetOn Expansion

Forecasting Era of TaxCuts and Spending

By LANDON THOMAS Jr.

Source: Reuters THE NEW YORK TIMES

2,100

2,125

2,150

2,175

2,200

2,225

Election Day

S.& P. 500-STOCK INDEX

Monday+2.7% sinceElection Day

Continued on Page B4

VOL. CLXVI . . . No. 57,424 © 2016 The New York Times Company NEW YORK, TUESDAY, NOVEMBER 22, 2016

Late Edition

$2.50

A panel of three federal judgessaid on Monday that the Wiscon-sin Legislature’s 2011 redrawing ofState Assembly districts to favorRepublicans was an unconstitu-tional partisan gerrymander, thefirst such ruling in three decadesof pitched legal battles over the is-sue.

Federal courts have struckdown gerrymanders on racialgrounds, but not on grounds thatthey unfairly give advantage to apolitical party — the more com-mon form of gerrymandering. Thecase could now go directly to theSupreme Court, where its fatemay rest with a single justice, An-thony M. Kennedy, who has ex-pressed a willingness to strikedown partisan gerrymanders buthas yet to accept a rationale for it.

Should the court affirm the rul-ing, it could upend the next roundof state redistricting, in 2021, for

congressional and state electionsnationwide, most of which is likelyto be conducted by Republican-controlled legislatures that haveswept into power in recent years.

“It is a huge deal,” said HeatherGerken, a Yale Law School profes-sor and an expert on election law.“For years, everyone has waitedfor the Supreme Court to do some-thing on this front. Now one of thelower courts has jump-started thedebate.

“If this were to be a nationwidestandard, 2021 would look quitedifferent,” she said, “especially forthe Democrats.”

Several election-law scholarssaid the ruling was especially sig-nificant because it offered, for thefirst time, a clear mathematicalformula for measuring partisan-ship in a district, something thathad been missing in previous as-

Districts Favor G.O.P. Unfairly,Court Finds in a Key State Case

By MICHAEL WINES

Continued on Page A21

William Trevor, the Irish-born authorwho died on Sunday at 88, was a masterof the short story who often wrote ofsad, everyday characters. PAGE A29

OBITUARIES A28-29

A Burnisher of the Ordinary