Run Os x Mavericks 10.9

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  • 7/23/2019 Run Os x Mavericks 10.9

    1/29Version 1.2 Date 27-2-2014

    OS X MAVERICKS 10.9.X

    ON A

    Dell Optiplex 780

    From start to finish

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    2 OS X MAVERICKS 10.9 GM ON A DELL OPTIPLEX 780 FROM START TO FINISH

    1 Index

    1 Index .............................................................................................................................................. 2

    2 Credits/Sources ............................................................................................................................. 3

    3 Requirements ................................................................................................................................ 3

    4 My Specs ....................................................................................................................................... 4

    5 Preparing your SSD or HDD for install on a MBR-partitioned drive............................................. 4

    6 Formatting your USB drive ............................................................................................................ 4

    7 Preparing your USB drive with 10.9 .............................................................................................. 5

    8 Adding the fixed 10.9 files to the USB drive ................................................................................. 5

    9 Bios Settings Dell Optiplex 780 ..................................................................................................... 6

    10 Installing OSX Mavericks from your USB drive .............................................................................. 711 Booting OSX Mavericks! ................................................................................................................ 7

    12 Installing the bootloader to 10.9 .................................................................................................. 7

    13 Install the Kext files for de Dell Optiplex 780 hardware ............................................................... 8

    14 Installing Video for QE/CI Manually.............................................................................................. 8

    15 Update to 10.9.2 ........................................................................................................................... 9

    TROUBLESHOOTING ...................................................................................................................... 10

    16 BOOT 0 ERROR ............................................................................................................................ 10

    17 App store and iCloud doesn't work ............................................................................................ 10

    18 iMessage Fix ................................................................................................................................ 10

    19 If sound doesnt work ................................................................................................................. 11

    20 Finished! ...................................................................................................................................... 11

    21 Common boot options for Chameleon ....................................................................................... 12

    22 OSX Keyboard Shortcuts ............................................................................................................. 15

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    3 OS X MAVERICKS 10.9 GM ON A DELL OPTIPLEX 780 FROM START TO FINISH

    2 Credits/Sources

    Everything OSx86-related is a collaborative effort amongst people who enjoy doing these things, as well as

    those of us who enjoy tweaking and experimenting with things. Below are a list of sources used to compile

    this guide:

    1. Tech Erra

    2.

    OSX86 Wiki3. InsanelyMac

    4. Forum member Pingu from Germany for helping me out with the text changes.

    5. And all other forum members who have posted in my topic and helping out the community.

    A special thanks goes to Brian from Tech Erra for using parts of their tutorial

    3 Requirements

    Here are the requirements:

    1.

    A Dell Optiplex 780 This is necessary to install OSX Mavericks for this tutorial

    2. A copy of Mac OS X This can be in the form of an existing hackintosh, a virtual machine within

    Windows or Linux, or even a regular Mac. If you dont have any of these things, then find someone

    who can help you out for a while. I prefer using a hackintosh with OSX Mountain Lion.

    Using an already working copy of Mac OS X either in a VM or a native hackintosh install is

    HIGHLYrecommended.

    3. A 8GB USB flash drive (or larger) Well be copying the files to the drive appropriately, so make

    sure that you have a flash drive with enough storage space (8GB or larger).

    4. A copy of Mavericks 10.9 GM If you dont have a Mac Developer Account, then youll find torrents

    of 10.9 around the web.

    5.

    30-60 minutes of time Depending on how tech-savvy you are, this may be quick, or it may take a

    while.

    6. An SSD or HDD to install 10.9 to For me, I used a 500GB HDD to install 10.9 to.

    7. An PCI Express Video Card For use with QE and CI Highly recommended. I use a Sapphire Ati

    Radeon HD5450 1GB but 512MB or 2GB also works.

    8. Install109.zipThis ZIP file contains everythingthat you need to get your flash drive properly

    prepared.

    Note:The files for number 8 "Install109.zip" contains the following Directory's (4) and files:

    Kernel -Mach Kernel

    Kexts- FakeSMC.kext - NullCPUPowerManagement.kext - EliottForceLegacyRTC.kext -

    AppleIntelE1000e.kext - VoodooHDA.kext

    OSInstall- OSInstall - OSInstall.mpkg

    (Not used for my configuration because I use the entire hard disk)

    Utils- Chameleon-2.2svn-r2265 - Chameleon Wizard - Kext Utility - EFI Studio - ShowHiddenFiles

    The first 3.kext files will fix most kernel panics en bios reset that you might experience while booting.

    The 2 OSInstall files will allow you to install 10.9 onto an MBR-partitioned drive ( ! this is not tested, for

    further info go toinsaneleymac forum!).

    http://thetecherra.com/http://thetecherra.com/http://wiki.osx86project.org/wiki/index.php/Main_Pagehttp://wiki.osx86project.org/wiki/index.php/Main_Pagehttp://www.insanelymac.com/http://www.insanelymac.com/http://www.iferrari.nl/downloads/install109.ziphttp://www.iferrari.nl/downloads/install109.ziphttp://www.insanelymac.com/forum/files/file/99-mavericks-mbr-patch/http://www.insanelymac.com/forum/files/file/99-mavericks-mbr-patch/http://www.insanelymac.com/forum/files/file/99-mavericks-mbr-patch/http://www.insanelymac.com/forum/files/file/99-mavericks-mbr-patch/http://www.iferrari.nl/downloads/install109.ziphttp://www.insanelymac.com/http://wiki.osx86project.org/wiki/index.php/Main_Pagehttp://thetecherra.com/
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    4 OS X MAVERICKS 10.9 GM ON A DELL OPTIPLEX 780 FROM START TO FINISH

    4 My Specs

    My installation was successfully done on an Dell Optiplex 780 Desktop computer with the following specs.

    NOTE: A PCI video card is recommended to use the full potential of OS Mavericks because the on board

    video card doesn't support QE/CI.

    Intel Core 2 Duo E7500 @ 2.93GHz

    8GB DDR3 1333Mhz RAM Western Digital 500GB HDD 4K

    ATI RADEON HD5450 1GB

    Intel WG82567LM onboard network

    Bluetooth USB Cambridge silicon radio (works OOB)

    ADI 1984A HDA audio onboard

    HP W2207h Monitor 16801050 display

    Apple Magic Trackpad

    Apple Wireless Keyboard US

    5

    Preparing your SSD or HDD for install on a MBR-partitioned drive

    If you intent to install OSX86 Mavericks on the same Hard disk as your windows follow the steps below.

    For a clean install on a new formatted hard disk go to Chapter 6.

    If youre in Windows 7, you can easily make a new partition on an SSD or HDD via theDisk Management

    program.

    1. Start>Run (or Windows key on your keyboardplusR).

    2. diskmgmt.msc (press enter after typing that)

    3. Find your drive, right-click on it, and go to Shrink Volume.

    4. Wait for it to calculate the amount of space you can make your partition, and enter in your amount

    (for an exact GB amount, multiple your desired amount of GB times 1024, so a 20GB partition wouldbe 20480MB).

    5. Let it make your partition. It will show up as unallocated space.

    6. Format the new unallocated space as NTFS and give it a label (mine was Mavericks).

    7. Done!

    6 Formatting your USB drive

    Start OSX Mountain (Lion) or Snow Leopard to prepare your USB Flash drive

    Make sure to backup the files that are already on your USB flash drive true Disk Utility in Mac OS X:

    1. Extract the zip file Install109.zip to your Mac OS x desktop

    2. Put USB drive in your Mac

    3.

    Open up Disk Utility.

    4. Click on your USB drive in the left sidebar.

    5. Click on the Erase tab in the middle.

    6. Choose Mac OS X Extended (Journaled) as the format, and give your drive a label (like MAVERICKS

    USB).

    7. Click on the Erase button.

    8. Done!

    9. Leave Disk Utility open, as youll need it later.

    http://thetecherra.com/2012/07/10/tutorial-run-os-x-mountain-lion-10-8-gm-on-a-pc-hackintoshosx86-video/http://thetecherra.com/2012/07/10/tutorial-run-os-x-mountain-lion-10-8-gm-on-a-pc-hackintoshosx86-video/http://thetecherra.com/2012/07/10/tutorial-run-os-x-mountain-lion-10-8-gm-on-a-pc-hackintoshosx86-video/
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    5 OS X MAVERICKS 10.9 GM ON A DELL OPTIPLEX 780 FROM START TO FINISH

    7 Preparing your USB drive with 10.9

    This part is the most time consuming. Using a USB 3.0 flash drive will help things out quite a bit.

    1. Mount the DMG for Mavericks (will be called Mac OS X Install ESD on your desktop).

    2. Show hidden files by running the app ShowHiddenFiles in the folder Install109 - Util on your

    desktop.

    3.

    Click on Show Special Files (leave the app ShowHiddenFiles open we need this later).4. In the folder MAC OS X Install ESD right click on Basesystem.dmg and choose open with

    DiskImageMounter(default)

    5. Switch back to Disk Utility.

    6. Click on your flash drive in the left sidebar.

    7. Click on the Restore button in the middle area.

    8. For the source, drag Mac OS X Base System from your desktop into the empty Source box.

    9. For the destination, drag your USB drive from your desktop into the empty Destination box.

    10. Click on Restore and type your password. This process will take anywhere from 5 to 10 minutes

    depending on the speed of your flash drive.

    11.

    When its finished, youll end up with 2 Mac OS X Base System drives on your desktop. Figure outwhich one is your USB copy (you can right-click > Get Info and use the capacity as an indicator), and

    rename it to MAVERICKSUSB, after that open it up.

    12.

    Once youve opened up MAVERICKSUSB (the one thats your flash drive), go to /System/Installation.

    13. Youll see a symlink for Packages. Remove it.

    14. Create a folder called Packages.

    15. Open up a window of the original Mac OS X Install ESD drive and copy everything within Packages

    to the empty Packages folder on your USB drive.

    16. Done! 10.9 is now installed onto your USB drive. Now, we need to modify some of the files on it so

    that it will properly bootup on a PC.

    8 Adding the fixed 10.9 files to the USB drive

    Now, we need to modify some of the files on your USB drive so that it will properly bootup on your PC.

    1. Open the folder Install109 - Kexts on your Mac OS X desktop.

    2. Copy 3 .kext files (FakeSMC.kext, NullCPUPowerManagement.kext, EliottForceLegacyRTC.kext) from

    Install109 - Kexts to /System/Library/Extensions on your flash drive.

    NOTE:The 2 OSInstall files will allow you to install 10.9 onto an MBR-partitioned drive, if you install it on

    the entire hard disk skip step 3 and 4 an go further with step 5.

    3. Copy the OSInstall file to

    /System/Library/PrivateFrameworks/Install.framework/Frameworks/OSInstall.framework/Versions/A/, overwriting the file thats already there.

    4. Copy the OSInstall.mpkg file to /System/Installation/Packages/, overwriting the file thats already

    there.

    5. Go to the root of your USB drive and create a folder called Extra. This is used to store configuration

    files for the chameleon boot-loader.

    6. Run the Chameleon installation package from Install - Utils. Make sure to install this package to your

    flash drive.

    7.

    Choose in the Chameleon setup for Customize, in the customize screen choose Modules

    FileNVRAM ( we need this to make iMessage work) after that go further with the install of

    Chameleon.

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    8. Run the Chameleon Wizard ( if the message comes with Install choose Not Now) click the SMBios

    tab then click "Edit". Now there is a list of Premade SMBioses. Look through this list and choose for

    your Dell Optiplex 780 the iMac9.1.

    Click Save As and save it to the /Extra folder we created on the USB stick.

    9. Choose Tab Org.Chameleon.boot and set the follow options like in the image below.

    10. If the settings are like the image then Click Save As and save it to the /Extra folder we created on

    the USB stick.

    11. Copy mach_kernel from the Folder Install109 - Kernel and paste it into the root of your flash drive.

    12. Lastly, copy extracted folder (Install109) which you have extracted earlier from the zip file to the

    root of your flash drive. Youll need this in Chapter 13.

    13. Eject all mounted drives (this is not necessary)

    14. Go to ShowHiddenFiles and click hide special files after that close program.

    15.

    Eject your USB Drive

    16. Done !

    9 Bios Settings Dell Optiplex 780

    Before we boot from the Dell Optiplex we need to optimize the bios for OSX Mavericks.

    1. Start your Dell Optiplex and press F2 to get into the Bios.

    2.

    Go to Boot Sequence and choose on the right for USB Device and click the up arrow so that the USB

    Device is on top, click on apply to make the setting.

    3. Go then to Drives - Sata Operation and choose on the right for Raid Autodetect/AHCI click again on

    apply and choose exit, now the Bios is ready for installing OSX Mavericks.

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    10 Installing OSX Mavericks from your USB drive

    Time for the fun stuff! Well now boot from your USB drive and install OSX Mavericks onto the partition or

    Hard Drive.

    1. Boot from your USB drive.

    2. Once in Chameleon let the boot loader resume (or hit enter to start it manually highlight your flash

    drive and add -v -f to the end, then push enter. Youll see a lot of text fly by be patience startup maytake a while.)

    3.

    Once you get into the installer (assuming your computer didnt freeze, restart itself, or get a kernel

    panic), choose your partition or Hard Disk to install OSX Mavericks to.

    4. NOTE :when you install it on a partition skip step 5 - 10 see Chapter 5.

    (If you install Mavericks on the entire Hard disk follow the steps below )

    5. In the installer open up Disk Utility.

    6. Click on your Hard Drive in the left sidebar.

    7. Click on the Erase tab in the middle.

    8. Choose Mac OS X Extended (Journaled) as the format, and give your drive a label (like

    MAVERICKS).9. Click on the Erase button.

    10. Done close Disk Utility and go further with the installation process.

    11.

    Choose your HDD or Partition to install Mavericks to.

    12. The installation process will take about 23 minutes, depending on the speed of both your USB drive

    and your SSD or HDD.

    13. When finished boot to your new OSX Mavericks.

    11 Booting OSX Mavericks!

    Now that everything is finally prepared, you can go ahead and boot into OSX Mavericks.

    1. Boot from your USB drive again your computer won't still be able to boot from the hard drive.

    2. Once in Chameleon let the boot loader resume (or hit enter to start it manually highlight your flash

    drive and add -v -f to the end, then push enter. Youll see a lot of text fly by be patience startup may

    take a while.)

    3. Youll eventually get to the setup screens for OSX Mavericks. Go through that process to setup OSX

    Mavericks.

    4. Choose by "How Do You Connect" for "My Computer Does Not Connect to the Internet" we will fix

    this later in Chapter 13, go further with the installation process.

    5.

    The installation process will take about 3 minutes.6. Done! Proceed to Chapter 12 to install the bootloader to your partition so that you dont have to rely

    on using your USB drive to bootup.

    12 Installing the bootloader to 10.9

    1. Once in 10.9 go to finder preferences General and choose in show these items on the desktop for

    Hard Disk

    External Disk

    CD

    2. Go also to System Preferences Security& Privacy click on the lock on the left corner and type your

    password

    3. Choose by Allow applications downloaded from: for Anywhere Allow from anywhere

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    4. Close system preferences.

    5. Navigate to your folder Install109 -Utils and run the chameleon package, install it to your OS X drive.

    6. Copy the Extra folder on your USB drive to the root of your HDD (open Finder -> Go -> Computer ->

    OS X -> paste folder).

    7. Done!

    13 Install the Kext files for de Dell Optiplex 780 hardware

    1. Now, we need to install some Kext files on your Hard Disk drive so that the hardware will work

    properly on your PC.

    2. Open the folder Install109 - Kexts and select the following Kext files

    AppelIntelE1000e.kext

    EliottForceLegacyRTC.kext

    FakeSMC.kext

    NullCPUPowerManagement.kext

    VoodooHDA.kext

    3. Drag the Kext files (which are mentioned above) over "Kext utility.app" contained in folder

    Install109 and release the mouse4. Type your root password and the Kext files will be installed on your Hard disk.

    5. Reboot.

    6.

    Once in OSX MAvericks go to System Preferences Network

    7. There will be a message saying Network device is detected

    8. Choose apply if you want to use DHCP or give a IP Address if you use static IP.

    9. Click apply to make the setting active.

    14 Installing Video for QE/CI Manually.

    1. Copy the Kext files AMD5000Controller.kext and AMDRadeonX3000.kext from

    system/library/extension to your desktop.

    2. Go to AMD5000Controller.kext and rightclick and choose Show Package Contents and open

    info.plist with textedit.

    3. Find IOPCIMatch and add your string for HD5450

    ( HD5450 1GB the string is 0x68F91002 and for 512MB the string is 0x68E11002)0x68F910020x68981002 0x68991002 0x68E01002 0x68E11002 0x68D81002 0x68C01002

    0x68C11002 0x68D91002 0x68B81002 0x68B01002 0x68B11002 0x68A01002 0x68A11002

    4. Save and Exit

    5. Go to AMDRadeonX3000.kext and rightclick and choose Show Package Contents and open info.plist

    with textedit.

    6. Find AMDCedarGraphicsAccelerator

    and then look for the first IOPCIMatch and add your string for HD5450

    ( HD5450 1GB the string is 0x68F91002 and for 512MB the string is 0x68E11002)add 0x68F910020x68E01002

    7. Save and Exit.

    8. Install both kext files with Kext Utility

    9. Now reboot.

    10. After Reboot the video card must be working with QE/CI

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    15 Update to 10.9.2

    If your "Mac OS X Install ESD" contains already the newest Maverick Version you don't have to update the

    system and you can skip this step.

    To check your current version go to "About this Mac".

    1.

    Don't update thru Software Update download the combo update hereDownloadfrom the apple site.

    2. Run the 10.9.2 combo update walk thru the steps.

    3.

    After installation there will be a message saying to restart your system, CHOOSE RESTART.4. The Combo Update will be installed on the system and will take about 10 minutes.

    5.

    After the install the system boots up normally but video isn't working anymore we will fix this manually

    like in chapter 14

    6.

    Copy the Kext files AMDRadeonAccelerator.kext and ATI5000Controller.kext from

    system/library/extension to your desktop.

    7. Go to ATI5000Controller.kext and rightclick and choose Show Package Contents and open info.plist

    with textedit.

    8. Find IOPCIMatch and add your string for HD5450

    ( HD5450 1GB the string is 0x68F91002 and for 512MB the string is 0x68E11002)

    0x68F910020x68981002 0x68991002 0x68E01002 0x68E11002 0x68D81002 0x68C010020x68C11002 0x68D91002 0x68B81002 0x68B01002 0x68B11002 0x68A01002 0x68A11002

    9. Save and Exit

    10. Go to AMDRadeonAccelerator.kext and rightclick and choose Show Package Contents and open

    info.plist with textedit.

    11. Find AMDCedarGraphicsAccelerator

    and then look for the first IOPCIMatch and add your string for HD5450

    ( HD5450 1GB the string is 0x68F91002 and for 512MB the string is 0x68E11002)add 0x68F910020x68E01002

    12. Save and Exit.

    13.

    Install both kext files with Kext Utility14. Now reboot with -v.

    15. After Reboot go to about this Mac and check if the version is 10.9.2The update is finished

    http://support.apple.com/downloads/DL1726/en_US/OSXUpdCombo10.9.2.dmghttp://support.apple.com/downloads/DL1726/en_US/OSXUpdCombo10.9.2.dmghttp://support.apple.com/downloads/DL1726/en_US/OSXUpdCombo10.9.2.dmghttp://support.apple.com/downloads/DL1726/en_US/OSXUpdCombo10.9.2.dmg
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    10 OS X MAVERICKS 10.9 GM ON A DELL OPTIPLEX 780 FROM START TO FINISH

    TROUBLESHOOTING

    16 BOOT 0 ERROR

    If you are using a 4k HDD you can get boot:0 error, to solve this issue do the following.

    1. Reboot system back into Mavericks installer (USB)FLASH DRIVE).

    2. Run Disk Utility find the Disk Identifier (eg. disk0s2).

    3.

    Unmount the drive you installed Mavericks on

    4. Launch Terminal and execute the following command:

    5. dd if=/usr/standalone/i386/boot1h of=/dev/disk0s2

    6. Exit Terminal

    7. Boot Normally

    17 App store and iCloud doesn't work

    If AppStore and iCloud doesn't work follow the steps below.

    1. Open up EFI Studio in folder Install109 - Utils , select Ethernet, select Add Device.

    2.

    On the new window you will see a lot of numbers (Hex String) in the second row.3. Then clicked write to com.apple.boot.plist.

    4. Then go to /Library/Preferences/SystemConfiguration/apple.com.boot.plist and select the new key

    and string it added.

    5. Now you can add the Hex Strings to your org.chameleon.boot.plist(com.apple.boot.plist) see

    Chapter 13 which should be in root/extra folder. When you add it manually make sure it is in

    device-properties

    Your Hex String here arguments after that.

    6. Remove all network devices from System Preferences/Network.

    7. Delete in library>preferences>system configuration> NetworkInterfaces.plist file.

    8.

    Finally, Reboot.

    9. After reboot, go to System Preferences/Network add devices. Click (Ethernet) FIRST!! Then add the

    other adapters you use to connect to the internet or Bluetooth.

    10. Voila. App Store and iCloud now works.

    18 iMessage Fix

    Hackintoshes have been unable to log into the Messages app (better known as "iMessage") on OS X

    Mountain Lion and Mavericks. We can now fix the problem using Chameleon bootloader.

    1. Run the Chameleon installation package from Install - Utils. Make sure to install this package to your

    HDD.

    2. Choose in the Chameleon setup for Customize, in the customize screen choose Modules

    FileNVRAM after that go further with the install of Chameleon.

    3.

    Finally, Reboot.4.

    Voila. iMessage now works.

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    11 OS X MAVERICKS 10.9 GM ON A DELL OPTIPLEX 780 FROM START TO FINISH

    19 If sound doesnt work

    The HDMI from the Ati Radeon 5450 doesnt work properly so we need to change this to Headphone, follow

    the step below to make sound work.

    1. Open System Preferences Sound Output And choose for Headphones.

    20 Finished!

    Youve successfully installed OSX Mavericks onto your Dell Optiplex 780.

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    12 OS X MAVERICKS 10.9 GM ON A DELL OPTIPLEX 780 FROM START TO FINISH

    21 Common boot options for Chameleon

    -v

    The mother of all boot flags. Entering -v into the bootloader turns on verbose mode, which is absolutely

    critical for fixing any Hackintosh issue. Verbose mode displays every single process that takes place during

    your bootup of Mac OS X. It can be rather intimidating, as it will display hundreds of lines of commands

    during the bootup process. However, if your Hackintosh isn't booting, then verbose mode should freeze at

    the exact point where the bootup process is tripping up. Take a photo of what verbose mode says before the

    bootup freezes. You can then post that photo on a Hackintosh forumto look for help, or try to use the results

    of verbose mode to guess what your problem is by yourself.

    -x

    Turns on safe mode. Mac OS X in safe mode ignores all Kext files and boot settings except those which are

    absolutely necessary to booting the system. Safe mode is useful if you're trying to run the Mac OS X installer

    on a PC that's not fullycompatiblewith Mac OS X. Also, if you accidentally installed a Kext file that's messing

    up your Hackintosh, booting into safe mode may work around the problem. In safe mode, you can then

    remove the offending Kext from /Extra/Extensions in your main hard drive (if you're running Mac OS X Snow

    Leopard), or /System/Library/Extensions (if you're running Mac OS X Lion or Mountain Lion).

    -F

    If you've entered some extra boot flags into org.Chameleon.boot.plist, but they're messing up your

    Hackintosh's bootloader, enter the -F boot flag to ignore them.

    -f

    Ignores Kext caches during bootup on Mac OS X Snow Leopard. If you did not install a Kext properly (usually

    because you forgot to run System Utilities inMultibeastafter installing a new Kext), your Kext cache will be

    damaged, and Mac OS X might become unbootable unless you use this boot flag. The Kext cache was

    replaced by the kernel cache in Mac OS X Lion, so theoretically, the -f boot flag should no longer work;

    however, this boot flag can still help some Hackintoshes boot (for reasons unknown).

    UseKernelCache=Yes

    Mac OS X Lion and Mountain Lion can use thekernel cacheto install Kexts, allowing Mac OS X to boot faster.

    However, the kernel cache is turned off by default, and you have to enable it by using the boot flag

    "UseKernelCache=Yes" (without quotation marks). Installing Easybeast or UserDSDT withMultibeastwill

    automatically turn the kernel cache on for you. If Mac OS X is booting extremely slow on your Hackintosh, the

    kernel cache might be malfunctioning, and you can turn it off with "UseKernelCache=No" (without quotation

    marks). Turning off the kernel cache is equivalent to using the "-f" bootflag in Snow Leopard.

    PCIRootUID=1

    Some Hackintoshes will only boot when their "PCI Root ID" is set to 0. This usually happens with Hackintoshes

    that use a AMD Radeon graphics card. Other times, a Hackintosh will only boot when its "PCI Root ID" is set to

    1. In some cases, the boot flag "PCIRootUID=1" will also fixMac App Store verification errors.

    npci=x2000

    npci=x3000

    If your verbose mode bootup of Mac OS X Lion or Mountain is freezing at [PCI Configuration Begin], enter the

    npci=0x3000 boot flag to fix it. This flag is applied by default when you install Easybeast or UserDSDT

    withMultibeast.The boot flag npci=x2000 does the same thing, except that it only works for Lion.

    http://www.macbreaker.com/2012/01/how-to-use-multibeast-comprehensive.htmlhttp://www.macbreaker.com/2012/01/how-to-use-multibeast-comprehensive.htmlhttp://www.macbreaker.com/2012/01/how-to-use-multibeast-comprehensive.htmlhttp://legacy.tonymacx86.com/wiki/index.php/Kernel_cachehttp://legacy.tonymacx86.com/wiki/index.php/Kernel_cachehttp://legacy.tonymacx86.com/wiki/index.php/Kernel_cachehttp://www.macbreaker.com/2012/01/how-to-use-multibeast-comprehensive.htmlhttp://www.macbreaker.com/2012/01/how-to-use-multibeast-comprehensive.htmlhttp://www.macbreaker.com/2012/01/how-to-use-multibeast-comprehensive.htmlhttp://www.macbreaker.com/2012/01/how-to-fix-mac-app-store-error-your.htmlhttp://www.macbreaker.com/2012/01/how-to-fix-mac-app-store-error-your.htmlhttp://www.macbreaker.com/2012/01/how-to-fix-mac-app-store-error-your.htmlhttp://www.macbreaker.com/2012/01/how-to-use-multibeast-comprehensive.htmlhttp://www.macbreaker.com/2012/01/how-to-use-multibeast-comprehensive.htmlhttp://www.macbreaker.com/2012/01/how-to-use-multibeast-comprehensive.htmlhttp://www.macbreaker.com/2012/01/how-to-use-multibeast-comprehensive.htmlhttp://www.macbreaker.com/2012/01/how-to-fix-mac-app-store-error-your.htmlhttp://www.macbreaker.com/2012/01/how-to-use-multibeast-comprehensive.htmlhttp://legacy.tonymacx86.com/wiki/index.php/Kernel_cachehttp://www.macbreaker.com/2012/01/how-to-use-multibeast-comprehensive.html
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    arch=i386

    Forces Mac OS X to boot into 32-bit mode. Sometimes, your CPU or graphics card won't be fully supported in

    OS X unless you boot into 32-bit mode. Unlike in Windows, booting the 32-bit kernel for Mac OS X does not

    limit your total amount of RAM to 4 GB, and you can still run 64-bit applications. However, single applications

    cannot use up more than 4 GB of RAM, so this is a disadvantage if you do professional video editing, or

    something else that takes up a lot of RAM. This boot flag no longer works in OS X Mountain Lion.

    arch=x86_64

    Allows Mac OS X to boot into 64-bit mode. This boot flag is usually unnecessary, as Mac OS X Snow Leopard

    (and all versions beyond it) will boot into 64-bit mode by default.

    -force64

    ForcesMac OS X to boot into 64-bit mode. This is usually required to bootAMD Hackintoshes,especially on

    Hackintoshes with AMD's newer six-core processors. Interestingly, you can use the -force64 boot flag and the

    arch=i386 at the same time (I'm not sure what this will do, though).

    cpus=1

    This boot flag limits Mac OS X to using one core of your CPU. This boot flag is often necessary to launch theMac OS X Snow Leopard installation DVD on a Hackintosh with an unsupported processor (ahem,AMD

    processors). However, you shouldn't have to use this boot flag once you'veinstalled the legacy kernel.

    busratio=20

    The 20 is replaced with your CPU's bus ratio. This boot flag is usually used when you're installing Mac OS X

    Snow Leopard on a processor that's not supported (once again,AMD processors). Snow Leopard supports

    more processors than it used to, so this boot flag isn't as common as before. You can find a list of busratios

    for 2010-model Intel processorshere.You can alsofind your busratio manually.

    mach_kernel

    This boot flag locates the kernel ("mach_kernel"), an important boot file for Mac OS X. If your Hackintosh's

    verbose mode says that it can't find mach_kernel for some reason, entering this boot flag will help the

    bootloader find it (the kernel is usually found at the very base of the OS X file system). If you actually moved

    your kernel to somewhere else in your hard drive, change "mach_kernel" to wherever the kernel is located.

    For example, if the kernel is in the Extra folder of your main hard drive, enter the boot flag

    "/Extra/mach_kernel" (without quotation marks).

    GraphicsEnabler=No

    This turns Graphics Enabler off/on (you can set "No" to "Yes"). Graphics Enabler is a feature that helps Mac OS

    X work better with your graphics card, so it's turned on by default when you set up your Hackintosh

    withMultibeast. However, when used with certain graphics cards (especially AMD Radeon cards), GraphicsEnabler may make Mac OS X unable to boot, or cause the graphics in Mac OS X to display incorrectly. If this is

    the case, try entering "GraphicsEnabler=No" (without quotations) instead. Turning GraphicsEnabler off will

    break DVD Player, as well as Geekbench, most games, most video editors, and certain other apps. Graphics

    cards from NVIDIA's 600 series no longer require GraphicsEnabler to work with Mac OS X; in that case, turning

    off GraphicsEnabler won't cause any negative effects.

    debug=0x100

    debug=0x144

    Turns on debug mode. If you use either of these boot flags, and Mac OS X gets a kernel panic (which is the

    Mac version of the blue screen of death), you'll see a debug screen full of code instead of a generic "You need

    to restart your computer" message.

    http://www.macbreaker.com/2012/01/look-at-state-of-amd-hackintoshing.htmlhttp://www.macbreaker.com/2012/01/look-at-state-of-amd-hackintoshing.htmlhttp://www.macbreaker.com/2012/01/look-at-state-of-amd-hackintoshing.htmlhttp://www.macbreaker.com/2012/01/look-at-state-of-amd-hackintoshing.htmlhttp://www.macbreaker.com/2012/01/look-at-state-of-amd-hackintoshing.htmlhttp://www.macbreaker.com/2012/01/look-at-state-of-amd-hackintoshing.htmlhttp://www.macbreaker.com/2012/01/look-at-state-of-amd-hackintoshing.htmlhttp://www.macbreaker.com/2012/01/look-at-state-of-amd-hackintoshing.htmlhttp://www.macbreaker.com/2012/01/look-at-state-of-amd-hackintoshing.htmlhttp://www.macbreaker.com/2012/01/look-at-state-of-amd-hackintoshing.htmlhttp://www.macbreaker.com/2012/01/look-at-state-of-amd-hackintoshing.htmlhttp://www.macbreaker.com/2012/01/look-at-state-of-amd-hackintoshing.htmlhttp://legacy.tonymacx86.com/viewtopic.php?t=642http://legacy.tonymacx86.com/viewtopic.php?t=642http://legacy.tonymacx86.com/viewtopic.php?t=642http://www.blogger.com/http://www.blogger.com/http://www.blogger.com/http://www.macbreaker.com/2012/01/how-to-use-multibeast-comprehensive.htmlhttp://www.macbreaker.com/2012/01/how-to-use-multibeast-comprehensive.htmlhttp://www.macbreaker.com/2012/01/how-to-use-multibeast-comprehensive.htmlhttp://www.macbreaker.com/2012/01/how-to-use-multibeast-comprehensive.htmlhttp://www.blogger.com/http://legacy.tonymacx86.com/viewtopic.php?t=642http://www.macbreaker.com/2012/01/look-at-state-of-amd-hackintoshing.htmlhttp://www.macbreaker.com/2012/01/look-at-state-of-amd-hackintoshing.htmlhttp://www.macbreaker.com/2012/01/look-at-state-of-amd-hackintoshing.htmlhttp://www.macbreaker.com/2012/01/look-at-state-of-amd-hackintoshing.htmlhttp://www.macbreaker.com/2012/01/look-at-state-of-amd-hackintoshing.html
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    darkwake=0

    The DarkWake feature in Mac OS X Lion and Mountain Lion allows you to wake up certain parts of your Mac

    from sleep, while leaving other parts in sleep mode. Unfortunately, this feature often messes up sleep on

    Hackintoshes. Enter this bootflag to turn it off (enter darkwake=1 to turn it on, if turning it off doesn't do the

    trick). Additionally, if your verbose bootup is freezing at a bunch of commands that mention

    "SleepEnabler.kext", entering darkwake=0 should be able to turn SleepEnabler.kext off. (Once you boot into

    OS X, be sure to remove SleepEnabler.kext completely by deleting it from either /Extra/Extensions or

    /System/Library/Extensions in your hard drive.)

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    22 OSX Keyboard Shortcuts

    Learn about common OS X keyboard shortcuts. A keyboard shortcut is a way to

    invoke a function in OS X by pressing a combination of keys on your keyboard.

    To use a keyboard shortcut, or key combination, you press a modifier key with a character key. For example,

    pressing the Command key (the key that has a symbol) and the "c" key at the same time copies whatever is

    currently selected (text, graphics, and so forth) into the Clipboard. This is also known as the Command-C key

    combination (or keyboard shortcut).

    A modifier key is a part of many key combinations. A modifier key alters the way other keystrokes or

    mouse/trackpad clicks are interpreted by OS X. Modifier keys include: Command, Shift, Option, Control, Caps

    Lock, and the Fn key. If your keyboard has an Fn key, you may need to use it in some of the key combinations

    listed below. For example, if the keyboard shortcut is Control-F2, press Fn-Control-F2.

    Here are the modifier key symbols you may see in OS X menus:

    (Command key) - On some Apple keyboards, this key also has an Apple ( ) logo

    (Control key)

    (Option key) - "Alt" may also appear on this key

    (Shift key)

    (Caps Lock) - Toggles Caps Lock on or off

    Fn (Function key)

    Startup shortcuts

    Press the key or key combination until the expected function occurs/appears (for example, hold Option

    during startup until Startup Manager appears, or Shift until "Safe Boot" appears). Tip: If a startup function

    doesn't work and you use a third-party keyboard, try again with an Apple keyboard.

    Key or key combination What it does

    Option Display all bootable volumes (Startup Manager)

    Shift Perform aSafe Boot(start up inSafe Mode)

    Left Shift Prevent automatic login

    CStart from bootable media (DVD, CD, USB thumb

    drive, and so forth)

    T Start inFireWire target disk mode

    N Start from NetBoot server

    http://support.apple.com/kb/HT1310http://support.apple.com/kb/HT1310http://support.apple.com/kb/HT1310http://support.apple.com/kb/HT1564http://support.apple.com/kb/HT1564http://support.apple.com/kb/HT1564http://support.apple.com/kb/HT1455http://support.apple.com/kb/HT1455http://support.apple.com/kb/HT1455http://support.apple.com/kb/HT1661http://support.apple.com/kb/HT1661http://support.apple.com/kb/HT1661http://support.apple.com/kb/HT1661http://support.apple.com/kb/HT1455http://support.apple.com/kb/HT1564http://support.apple.com/kb/HT1310
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    XForce Mac OS X startup (if non-Mac OS X startup

    volumes are present)

    D Use Apple Hardware Test

    Command-R UseRecovery(OS X Lion or later)

    Command-V Start inVerbose Mode

    Command-S Start inSingle User Mode

    Command-Option-P-R ResetNVRAM / parameter RAM

    Hold down the Media Eject () key or F12 key, or mouse

    or trackpad buttonEject removable discs

    Sleep and shut down shortcuts

    Key or key combination What it does

    Power button Turn off your Mac or put it to sleep

    Hold down the power button Force your Mac to shut down

    Command-Control-power

    buttonForce your Mac to restart

    Control-Media Eject () Show restart/sleep/shutdown dialog

    Command-Option-Media Eject

    ()Put the computer to sleep

    Command-Control-Media

    Eject ()

    Quit all applications (after giving you a chance to save changes to open

    documents), then restart the computer

    Command-Option-Control-

    Media Eject ()

    Quit all applications (after giving you a chance to save changes to open

    documents), then shut down the computer

    Shift-Control-Media Eject () Put all displays to sleep

    http://support.apple.com/kb/HT4718http://support.apple.com/kb/HT4718http://support.apple.com/kb/HT4718http://support.apple.com/kb/HT1492http://support.apple.com/kb/HT1492http://support.apple.com/kb/HT1492http://support.apple.com/kb/HT1492http://support.apple.com/kb/HT1492http://support.apple.com/kb/HT1492http://support.apple.com/kb/HT1379http://support.apple.com/kb/HT1379http://support.apple.com/kb/HT1379http://support.apple.com/kb/HT1492http://support.apple.com/kb/HT1492http://support.apple.com/kb/HT4718
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    Finder keyboard shortcuts

    Key combination What it does

    Command-ASelect all items in the front Finder window (or desktop if

    no window is open)

    Command-Option-A Deselect all items

    Command-Shift-A Open the Applications folder

    Command-C Copy selected item/text to the Clipboard

    Command-Shift-C Open the Computer window

    Command-D Duplicate selected item

    Command-Shift-D Open desktop folder

    Command-E Eject

    Command-F Find any matching Spotlight attribute

    Command-Shift-F Find Spotlight file name matches

    Command-Option-FNavigate to the search field in an already-open Spotlight

    window

    Command-Shift-G Go to Folder

    Command-Shift-HOpen the Home folder of the currently logged-in user

    account

    Command-I Get Info

    Command-Option-I Show Inspector

    Command-Control-I Get Summary Info

    Command-Shift-I Open iDisk

    Command-J Show View Options

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    Command-K Connect to Server

    Command-Shift-K Open Network window

    Command-L Make alias of the selected item

    Command-M Minimize window

    Command-Option-M Minimize all windows

    Command-N New Finder window

    Command-Shift-N New folder

    Command-Option-N New Smart Folder

    Command-O Open selected item

    Command-Shift-Q Log Out

    Command-Shift-Option-Q Log Out immediately

    Command-R Show original (of alias)

    Command-T Add to Sidebar

    Command-Shift-T Add to Favorites

    Command-Option-T Hide Toolbar / Show Toolbar in Finder windows

    Command-Shift-U Open Utilities folder

    Command-V Paste

    Command-W Close window

    Command-Option-W Close all windows

    Command-X Cut

    Command-Option-Y Slideshow (Mac OS X v10.5 or later)

    Command-Z Undo / Redo

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    Command-1 View as Icon

    Command-2 View as List

    Command-3 View as Columns

    Command-4 View as Cover Flow (Mac OS X v10.5 or later)

    Command-Comma (,) Open Finder preferences

    Command-Accent (`) (the Accent key above Tab

    key on a US English keyboard layout)Cycle through open Finder windows

    Command-Shift-Question Mark (?) Open Mac Help

    Command-Left Bracket ([) Go to the previous folder

    Command-Right Bracket (]) Go to the next folder

    Command-Up Arrow Open the folder that contains the current folder

    Command-Control-Up ArrowOpen the folder that contains the current folder in a new

    window

    Command-Down Arrow Open highlighted item

    Command-Shift-Up Arrow Make the desktop active

    Right Arrow (in List view) Open the selected folder

    Left Arrow (in List view) Close the selected folder

    Option-click the disclosure triangle (in List view) Open all folders within the selected folder

    Optiondouble-clickOpen a folder in a separate window, closing the current

    window

    Commanddouble-click Open a folder in a separate window

    Command-click the window title See the folders that contain the current window

    Command-Tab Switch applicationcycle forward

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    Command-Shift-Tab Switch applicationcycle backward

    Command-Delete Move to Trash

    Command-Shift-Delete Empty Trash

    Command-Shift-Option-Delete Empty Trash without confirmation dialog

    Space bar (or Command-Y) Quick Look (Mac OS X v10.5 or later)

    Command key while draggingMove dragged item to other volume/location (pointer

    icon changes while key is held--seethis article)

    Option key while draggingCopy dragged item (pointer icon changes while key is

    held--seethis article)

    Command-Option key combination while

    dragging

    Make alias of dragged item (pointer icon changes while

    key is held--seethis article)

    Application and other OS X shortcuts

    Note:Some applications may not support all of the following application key combinations.

    Key combination What it does

    Command-Space barShow or hide the Spotlight search field (if multiple languages are installed,

    may rotate through enabled script systems)

    Control-A Move to beginning of line/paragraph

    Control-B Move one character backward

    Control-D Delete the character in front of the cursor

    Control-E Move to end of line/paragraph

    Control-F Move one character forward

    Control-H Delete the character behind the cursor

    Control-KDelete from the character in front of the cursor to the end of the

    line/paragraph

    http://support.apple.com/kb/TA22365http://support.apple.com/kb/TA22365http://support.apple.com/kb/TA22365http://support.apple.com/kb/TA22365http://support.apple.com/kb/TA22365http://support.apple.com/kb/TA22365http://support.apple.com/kb/TA22365http://support.apple.com/kb/TA22365http://support.apple.com/kb/TA22365http://support.apple.com/kb/TA22365http://support.apple.com/kb/TA22365http://support.apple.com/kb/TA22365
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    Control-L Center the cursor/selection in the visible area

    Control-N Move down one line

    Control-O Insert a new line after the cursor

    Control-P Move up one line

    Control-TTranspose the character behind the cursor and the character in front of the

    cursor

    Control-V Move down one page

    Option-DeleteDelete the word that is left of the cursor, as well as any spaces or

    punctuation after the word

    Command-Option-Space bar

    Show the Spotlight search results window (if multiple languages are

    installed, may rotate through keyboard layouts and input methods within a

    script)

    Command-TabMove forward to the next most recently used application in a list of open

    applications

    Command-Shift-Tab Move backward through a list of open applications (sorted by recent use)

    Shift-Tab Navigate through controls in a reverse direction

    Control-TabMove focus to the next grouping of controls in a dialog or the next table

    (when Tab moves to the next cell)

    Shift-Control-Tab Move focus to the previous grouping of controls

    Command-esc Open Front Row (if installed)

    Option-Media Eject () Eject from secondary optical media drive (if one is installed)

    Fn-Delete Forward Delete (on a portable Mac's built-in keyboard)

    Control-F1 Toggle full keyboard access on or off

    Control-F2 Move focus to the menu bar

    Control-F3 Move focus to the Dock

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    Control-F4 Move focus to the active (or next) window

    Shift-Control-F4 Move focus to the previously active window

    Control-F5 Move focus to the toolbar.

    Control-F6 Move focus to the first (or next) panel

    Shift-Control-F6 Move focus to the previous panel

    Control-F7Temporarily override the current keyboard access mode in windows and

    dialogs

    Control-F8 Move to the status menus in the menu bar

    F9 Tile or untile all open windows

    F10 Tile or untile all open windows in the currently active application

    F11 Hide or show all open windows

    F12 Hide or display Dashboard

    Command-Accent (`) Activate the next open window in the frontmost application

    Command-Shift-Accent (`) Activate the previous open window in the frontmost application

    Command-Option-Accent (`) Move focus to the window drawer

    Command-Minus () Decrease the size of the selected item

    Command-{ Left-align a selection

    Command-} Right-align a selection

    Command-| Center-align a selection

    Command-Colon (:) Display the Spelling window

    Command-Semicolon (;) Find misspelled words in the document

    Command-Comma (,)Open the front application's preferences window (if it supports this

    keyboard shortcut)

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    Command-Option-Control-

    Comma (,)Decrease screen contrast

    Command-Option-Control-

    Period (.)Increase screen contrast

    Command-Question Mark (?) Open the application's help in Help Viewer

    Command-Option-/ Turn font smoothing on or off

    Command-Shift-= Increase the size of the selected item

    Command-Shift-3 Capture the screen to a file

    Command-Shift-Control-3 Capture the screen to the Clipboard

    Command-Shift-4 Capture a selection to a file

    Command-Shift-Control-4 Capture a selection to the Clipboard

    Command-AHighlight every item in a document or window, or all characters in a text

    field

    Command-B Boldface the selected text or toggle boldfaced text on and off

    Command-C Copy the selected data to the Clipboard

    Command-Shift-C Display the Colors window

    Command-Option-C Copy the style of the selected text

    Command-Control-C Copy the formatting settings of the selected item and store on the Clipboard

    Command-Option-D Show or hide the Dock

    Command-Control-D Display the definition of the selected word in the Dictionary application

    Command-D

    Selects the Desktop folder in Open and Save dialogs

    or

    Selects "Don't Save" in dialogs that contain a Don't Save button, in Mac OS X

    v10.6.8 and earlier

    Command-DeleteSelects "Don't Save" in dialogs that contain a Don't Save button, in OS X Lion

    and Mountain Lion

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    Command-E Use the selection for a find

    Command-F Open a Find window

    Command-Option-F Move to the search field control

    Command-G Find the next occurrence of the selection

    Command-Shift-G Find the previous occurrence of the selection

    Command-H Hide the windows of the currently running application

    Command-Option-H Hide the windows of all other running applications

    Command-I Italicize the selected text or toggle italic text on or off

    Command-Option-I Display an inspector window

    Command-J Scroll to a selection

    Command-M Minimize the active window to the Dock

    Command-Option-M Minimize all windows of the active application to the Dock

    Command-N Create a new document in the frontmost application

    Command-ODisplay a dialog for choosing a document to open in the frontmost

    application

    Command-P Display the Print dialog

    Command-Shift-P Display a dialog for specifying printing parameters (Page Setup)

    Command-Q Quit the frontmost application

    Command-S Save the active document

    Command-Shift-S Display the Save As dialog

    Command-T Display the Fonts window

    Command-Option-T Show or hide a toolbar

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    Command-U Underline the selected text or turn underlining on or off

    Command-V Paste the Clipboard contents at the insertion point

    Command-Option-V Apply the style of one object to the selected object (Paste Style)

    Command-Shift-Option-VApply the style of the surrounding text to the inserted object (Paste and

    Match Style)

    Command-Control-V Apply formatting settings to the selected object (Paste Ruler Command)

    Command-W Close the frontmost window

    Command-Shift-W Close a file and its associated windows

    Command-Option-W Close all windows in the application without quitting it

    Command-X Remove the selection and store in the Clipboard

    Command-Z Undo previous command (some applications allow for multiple Undos)

    Command-Shift-Z Redo previous command (some applications allow for multiple Redos)

    Control-Right Arrow Move focus to another value or cell within a view, such as a table

    Control-Left Arrow Move focus to another value or cell within a view, such as a table

    Control-Down Arrow Move focus to another value or cell within a view, such as a table

    Control-Up Arrow Move focus to another value or cell within a view, such as a table

    Command-Right Arrow Move the text insertion point to the end of the current line

    Command-Left Arrow Move the text insertion point to the beginning of the current line

    Command-Down Arrow Move the text insertion point to the end of the document

    Command-Up Arrow Move the text insertion point to the beginning of the document

    Option-Right Arrow Move the text insertion point to the end of the next word

    Option-Left Arrow Move the text insertion point to the beginning of the previous word

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    Command-Shift-Right Arrow Select text between the insertion point and the end of the current line (*)

    Command-Shift-Left ArrowSelect text between the insertion point and the beginning of the current line

    (*)

    Shift-Right Arrow Extend text selection one character to the right (*)

    Shift-Left Arrow Extend text selection one character to the left (*)

    Command-Shift-Up ArrowSelect text between the insertion point and the beginning of the document

    (*)

    Command-Shift-Down Arrow Select text between the insertion point and the end of the document (*)

    Shift-Up ArrowExtend text selection to the line above, to the nearest character boundary at

    the same horizontal location (*)

    Shift-Down ArrowExtend text selection to the line below, to the nearest character boundary atthe same horizontal location (*)

    Shift-Option-Right ArrowExtend text selection to the end of the current word, then to the end of the

    following word if pressed again (*)

    Shift-Option-Left ArrowExtend text selection to the beginning of the current word, then to the

    beginning of the following word if pressed again (*)

    Shift-Option-Down ArrowExtend text selection to the end of the current paragraph, then to the end of

    the following paragraph if pressed again (*)

    Shift-Option-Up ArrowExtend text selection to the beginning of the current paragraph, then to the

    beginning of the following paragraph if pressed again (*)

    Control-Space bar Toggle between the current and previous input sources

    Option-Control-Space bar Toggle through all enabled input sources

    Command-Option-esc Force Quit

    Command-Shift-Option-Esc

    (hold for three seconds)Force Quitthe front-most application (Mac OS X v10.5 or later)

    Command-Left Bracket ([) Previous browser webpage

    Command-Right Bracket (]) Next browser webpage

    *Note: If no text is selected, the extension begins at the insertion point. If text is selected by dragging, then

    the extension begins at the selection boundary. Reversing the direction of the selection deselects the

    appropriate unit.

    http://support.apple.com/kb/HT3411http://support.apple.com/kb/HT3411http://support.apple.com/kb/HT3411http://support.apple.com/kb/HT3411http://support.apple.com/kb/HT3411http://support.apple.com/kb/HT3411
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    Universal Access -VoiceOverkeyboard commands

    For information about VoiceOver key combination differences in Mac OS X v10.6, seethis article.

    Key combination What it does

    Command-F5 or Fn-Command-F5 Turn VoiceOver on or off

    Option-Control-F8 or Fn-Option-Control-F8 Open VoiceOver Utility (if VoiceOver is on)

    Option-Control-F7 or Fn-Option-Control-F7 Display VoiceOver menu (if VoiceOver is on)

    Option-Control-Semicolon (;) Enable/disable VoiceOver Control Option-lock

    Command-Option-8 Turn Zoom on or off

    Command-Option-Plus (+) Zoom In

    Command-Option-Minus () Zoom Out

    Command-Option-Control-8 Invert/revert thescreen colors(OS X Lion or earlier)

    Command-Option-Control-Comma (,) Reduce contrast (OS X Lion or earlier)

    Command-Option-Control-Period (.) Increase contrast (OS X Lion or earlier)

    Note: You may need to enable "Use all F1, F2, etc. keys as standard keys" in Keyboard preferences for the

    VoiceOver menu and utility to work.

    http://support.apple.com/kb/PH5756http://support.apple.com/kb/PH5756http://support.apple.com/kb/PH5756http://support.apple.com/kb/HT3786http://support.apple.com/kb/HT3786http://support.apple.com/kb/HT3786http://support.apple.com/kb/HT3488http://support.apple.com/kb/HT3488http://support.apple.com/kb/HT3488http://support.apple.com/kb/HT3488http://support.apple.com/kb/HT3786http://support.apple.com/kb/PH5756
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    Full keyboard access

    Full keyboard access lets you use your keyboard to navigate and interact with items on the screen. Use these

    shortcuts to select and adjust controls such as text fields and sliders.

    Key combination What it does

    Tab Move to the next control

    Shift-Tab Move to the previous control

    Control-Tab Move to the next control when a text field is selected

    Arrow keys

    Move to the adjacent item in a list, tab group, or menu

    or

    Move sliders and adjusters (vertical up and down arrows used to increase and decrease

    values)

    Control-Arrow

    keysMove to a control adjacent to the text field

    Space bar Select the highlighted menu item

    Return or Enter Click the default button or perform the default action

    Esc

    Click the Cancel button

    or

    Close a menu without choosing an item

    You can navigate the menus in the menu bar without using a mouse or trackpad. To put the focus in the

    menu bar, press Control-F2 (Fn-Control-F2 on portable keyboards). Then use the key combinations listed

    below.

    Key combination What it does

    Left Arrow and Right Arrow Move from menu to menu

    Return Open a selected menu

    Up Arrow and Down Arrow Move to menu items in the selected menu

    Type the menu items name Jump to a menu item in the selected menu

    Return Select a menu item

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    Universal Access - Mouse Keys

    WhenMouse Keysis turned on in Universal Access preferences, you can use the keyboard or numeric keypad

    keys to move the mouse pointer. If your computer doesn't have a numeric keypad, use the Fn (function) key.

    Key combination What it does

    8 Move Up

    2 Move Down

    4 Move Left

    6 Move Right

    1 Move Diagonally Bottom Left

    3 Move Diagonally Bottom Right

    7 Move Diagonally Top Left

    9 Move Diagonally Top Right

    5 Press Mouse Button

    0 Hold Mouse Button

    . (Period on number pad) Release Hold Mouse Button

    http://support.apple.com/kb/PH3958http://support.apple.com/kb/PH3958http://support.apple.com/kb/PH3958http://support.apple.com/kb/PH3958