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1
KDPW_CCP Detailed Clearing Rules
Valid as at 22 March 2012
Chapter One
Participation in KDPW_CCP
§ 1
1. The terms used in these provisions shall have the meaning defined in the Clearing
Rules, hereinafter the “Rules”.
2. Whenever these provisions refer to:
1) positions – this shall mean liabilities or receivables arising from transactions
cleared by KDPW_CCP;
2) correlated positions – this shall mean positions in financial instruments of the same
class, registered in the same portfolio, whose total risk is lower than the sum of risks
calculated separately for each position;
3) derivatives transactions portfolio – this shall mean positions arising from
transactions concluded in derivatives registered on the same entity account in the
settlement institution and marked with the same identifier;
4) cash transactions portfolio – this shall mean positions arising from transactions
concluded in securities registered on the same entity account in the settlement
institution and marked with the same identifier;
5) client classification number – this shall mean the individual identifier of a client
assigned by the relevant settlement institution or another identifier assigned to a
client or group of clients defined according to specific criteria or to a settlement
institution member.
3. Unless these provisions or the provisions of the Rules provide otherwise, in relations
between KDPW_CCP and participants, documents containing statements or information
referred to in these provisions shall be transmitted in electronic form, via the National
Depository, pursuant to the principles set out in agreements concluded between the
National Depository and participants, accepting as effective statements of will and
transmission of information in electronic form.
§ 2
1. Subject to § 28 subpara. 3 of the Rules and subpara. 2 herein, documents delivered
by participants or by entities applying for a participation agreement, as well as other
2
official documents, which have been drawn up originally in the English language,
should be submitted to KDPW_CCP in this language version. In instances where these
documents have been drawn up in a foreign language, they should be submitted in
Polish or English translation, written and endorsed by a certified translator.
2. An application for a participation agreement or for extension of the scope of
participation, a declaration on membership of the relevant ATS guarantee fund, as well
as a statement accepting jurisdiction of the arbitration court at the National
Depository, should be drawn up in Polish, and in addition they being submitted in an
English language version, however, the applicant should in such instances declare that
the Polish language document shall be deemed the definite version.
§ 3
1. Official documents delivered by participants or entities applying for a participation
agreement, which have been drawn up outside the Republic of Poland, shall become
legally authorised in accordance with the relevant legal regulations, subject to the
provisions of subpara. 2.
2. If an official document has been drawn up in a country which is a signatory of the
Hague Convention of 5 October 1961 which eliminated the need to legally authorise
foreign official documents, such a document should contain an apostille
(authentication) issued by the relevant authority issuing the document.
§ 4
1. A bank account indicated by a participant pursuant to § 20 subpara. 2 point 3 of the
Rules shall be the bank account used to settle cash liabilities and receivables of the
participant related to participation in the relevant settlement institution.
2. If a participant is not a participant of the relevant settlement institution, the bank
account indicated by the participant pursuant to § 20 subpara. 2 point 3 of the Rules
shall be the bank account used to settle cash liabilities and receivables related to the
participation of the participant’s settlement agent in that settlement institution.
3. If the National Depository is the relevant settlement institution and cash liabilities
and receivables of the participant or the participant’s settlement agent are settled in
two or more bank accounts held in the clearing bank, the bank account indicated
pursuant to § 20 subpara. 2 point 3 of the Rules shall be the primary bank account
within the meaning of regulations issued by the National Depository.
4. If transactions for which a participant holds clearing member status are cleared in
foreign currencies, the participant shall indicate a bank account for the clearing of
transactions in each of such currencies.
3
§ 5
1. If there is a take-over of an enterprise, whose operation is related to participation in
the clearing system operated by KDPW_CCP, in the form of a sale of the enterprise
between participants, those participants who are parties to the action leading to the
take-over are required to immediately notify the National Depository of this fact,
including with the notification documents that constitute the basis of the take-over of
the enterprise, as well as all appropriate declarations.
2. In the event referred to in subpara. 1, KDPW_CCP shall, on the joint application of
the interested participants, set the date of the merger of their cash liabilities and
receivables arising from participation in the clearing system.
3. The merger date is the date at the end of which KDPW_CCP ceases to clear the
transactions of the participant whose enterprise has been taken over, for purposes
relating to the basis of the take-over.
4. A consequence of the merger is the transfer of the status of the participant holding
clearing member status held by the participant being taken over, to the extent of the
enterprise being taken over, to the participant taking it over.
§ 6
1. A transaction concluded on a regulated market or in an alternative trading system
shall be considered a transaction concluded as a part of the performance, under an
agreement with the market or system operator, of obligations consisting in buying and
selling specific financial instruments, for purposes related to supporting liquidity or
organising trading, provided that prior to conclusion of a transaction KDPW_CCP is
informed by the entity that it has concluded an agreement with a KDPW_CCP
participant or another entity which is a party to the transaction or its client, whereby it
agrees to perform such obligations.
2. In case of transactions referred to in subpara. 1, reductions of fees charged by
KDPW_CCP from a participant shall only apply where such transactions are settled in
registration accounts in the relevant settlement institution used only to register such
transactions.
§ 7
Participants may be informed of the content of resolutions adopted by the Supervisory
Board of the KDPW_CCP or the Management Board of the KDPW_CCP, which result in
conclusion, amendment or termination of a participation agreement, and the content of
other resolutions of those bodies concerning participants, using electronic
communication systems according to the provisions of the agreements referred to in §
4 subpara. 2 of the Rules.
4
§ 8
On written application of a participant, KDPW_CCP shall provide the participant with an
analysis of an invoice issued to the participant.
5
Chapter Two
Clearing and collateral of transactions
§ 9
1. On the basis of documents containing terms of transactions, referred to in § 38
subpara. 1 of the Rules, no later than 23:00 on the transaction date, KDPW_CCP shall
prepare and make available:
1) to participants holding clearing member status and to their payers – documents
stating the amount of cash liabilities and receivables of the participant in respect of
the clearing and collateral of transactions;
2) only to participants holding clearing member status – documents stating balances in
securities arising from concluded transactions.
2. In case of transactions concluded on the stock exchange market or in the alternative
trading system operated by the Warsaw Stock Exchange by entities which are not
participants or by participants with the participant status type Non-clearing Member,
KDPW_CCP shall in addition make available to participants holding clearing member
status within the scope of such transactions documents stating the amount of cash
liabilities and receivables in respect of such transactions immediately upon the receipt
of documents containing terms of transactions referred to in § 38 subpara. 1 of the
Rules.
3. An order to settle a transaction sent by KDPW_CCP to the relevant settlement
institution shall indicate that settlement shall take place in the accounts indicated in
the document containing the terms of the transaction referred to in § 38 subpara. 1 of
the Rules. If the document does not indicate a bank account for the settlement of the
transaction, KDPW_CCP shall:
1) where the National Depository is the relevant settlement institution – indicate in the
transaction settlement instruction that the settlement should take place in the default
account within the meaning of regulations issued by the National Depository, kept for a
participant holding clearing member status within the scope of the transaction or for
the participant’s settlement agent;
2) where the National Depository is not the relevant settlement institution – in the
account indicated by a participant holding clearing member status or by that
settlement institution.
§ 10
A participant holding clearing member status shall ensure that amounts necessary to
6
settle the participant’s liabilities arising from participation in clearing are deposited in
the bank account indicated by the participant pursuant to § 20 subpara. 2 point 3 of
the Rules within a time limit enabling the relevant settlement institution to execute
timely settlement of the transaction or collect the required collateral.
§ 11
1. Margins include maintenance margins, initial margins and additional margins.
2. The following are accepted as margins:
1) in case of maintenance margins – cash or securities acceptable to KDPW_CCP;
2) in case of initial margins – cash, securities acceptable to KDPW_CCP or a bank
guarantee granted to KDPW_CCP on request of the participant, which fulfils the
conditions set out in § 47c subpara. 1 of the Rules;
3) in case of additional margins – only cash.
3. Margins referred to in subpara 1 secure the liabilities of the participant who
deposits the margins, which arise from the clearing member status held by the
participant, arising both before and after the margin is deposited.
§ 12
1. A maintenance margin and an additional margin shall be deposited in cash by
means of debiting the relevant bank account indicated by the participant pursuant to §
20 subpara. 2 point 3 of the Rules. The account is debited by the National Depository
acting on request of KDPW_CCP.
2. An initial margin shall be deposited in cash by means of transferring cash to the
account of KDPW_CCP.
3. A participant who deposits a margin in cash shall ensure that the relevant bank
account indicated by the participant pursuant to § 20 subpara. 2 point 3 of the Rules
shows a cash balance sufficient to settle the participant’s liabilities in respect of
deposited margins taking into consideration all other liabilities to be settled in this
account.
4. A margin deposited in cash shall be returned by means of crediting the bank account
to which the margin was debited. Cash deposited as initial margin shall be returned on
the basis of a request to return the cash submitted by the participant, by means of
crediting the bank account indicated in the request.
§ 13
1. Securities deposited by participants as collateral in respect of an initial margin and
7
a maintenance margin may only include:
1) Treasury bonds traded on the regulated market in the territory of the Republic of
Poland;
2) shares of companies participating in the WIG20 index;
3) Treasury bills
if they are included on the list of securities determined by KDPW_CCP.
2) The list of securities acceptable as collateral referred to in subpara. 1 and the
corresponding recognition rates shall apply as of the moment of publication in a
communiqué for participants.
§ 14
1. Securities deposited by participants as initial margin or maintenance margin shall
be transferred to the securities account of KDPW_CCP kept in the relevant settlement
institution. Upon the transfer, KDPW_CCP and the participant holding clearing member
status who deposits the margin enter into an agreement concerning a transfer of
securities in favour of KDPW_CCP to secure liabilities of the participant which may be
settled with the margin according to the Rules and to pay the cost of such settlement.
2. In the period for which securities deposited as margin are in the securities account
of KDPW_CCP, KDPW_CCP shall not dispose of such securities other than to establish
the margin.
3. An instruction to transfer securities to the securities account of KDPW_CCP,
submitted to the relevant settlement institution in order to deposit such securities as
margin, shall specify the type of margin, the participant who deposits the margin, and
in the case of a maintenance margin also the client (client classification number)
whose positions are covered by the margin, who is the holder of a securities or
derivatives account kept by that participant. If an instruction to transfer securities is
submitted by an entity other than the participant who deposits the margin or the
participant’s settlement agent, that entity shall, before depositing securities as margin
for the first time, submit to KDPW_CCP a written statement in this regard, in which the
participant who deposits the margin should be specified.
4. Payments received by KDPW_CCP in respect of entitlements from securities
transferred to KDPW_CCP as margin shall be transferred by KDPW_CCP to the
participant holding clearing member status who has deposited the margin in an
amount reduced by any tax withheld. If, however, the participant is in arrears with the
payment of any cash liabilities arising from the participant’s clearing member status,
KDPW_CCP may credit such payments against such liabilities instead of transferring
them to the participant.
5. If an issuer redeems or cancels securities transferred to KDPW_CCP as margin,
8
KDPW_CCP shall transfer such received payments in an amount reduced by any tax
withheld to the participant holding clearing member status who has deposited the
margin. However, KDPW_CCP shall be entitled to use the payments in order to settle
the liabilities of the participant arising from the participant’s clearing member status,
provided that such payments shall in the first place be credited against the margin
deposited in the form of the cancelled securities to the extent that the value of the
remaining assets deposited as margin is lower than, respectively, the minimum or the
required value of the margin.
6. A return transfer of securities transferred to KDPW_CCP shall require the participant
holding clearing member status to make a relevant request to KDPW_CCP. On receipt of
such request, subject to subpara. 7, KDPW_CCP shall submit to the relevant settlement
institution an order to transfer the securities indicated in the order to an account kept
in the settlement institution from which the securities were transferred to the
securities account of KDPW_CCP.
7. A return transfer of securities shall take place provided that:
1) the securities do not need to be used in order to settle liabilities of the participant
holding clearing member status secured with the margin deposited by the participant
in the form of these securities, and
2) the conditions set out in § 71 subpara. 3 of the Rules have been fulfilled or the
participant who has deposited the margin no longer holds clearing member status.
§ 15
2. The part of the market value of securities recognised as collateral referred to in § 13
subpara. 1 shall be determined on the basis of the applicable recognition rate
determined by KDPW_CCP.
4. A zero recognition rate assigned to securities marked with a specific identifier
means that in the period of such assignment no part of the value of securities marked
with this identifier shall be recognised in determining the value of collateral referred to
in § 13 subpara. 1 deposited by a participant.
3. Securities shall be recognised as an initial margin up to 100% of the initial margin
amount. In cases justified by the security of clearing, the Management Board of
KDPW_CCP may reduce this indicator for a determined period by way of a resolution.
4. Assets designated as maintenance margin shall be deposited and recognised as
follows:
1) cash shall be deposited and recognised in the amount of the difference between
margins calculated for the relevant client classification number and the value of
securities recognised as margin;
2) securities may be deposited without limitation, however, they shall be recognised
9
up to 60% of the maintenance margin amount calculated for the relevant client
classification number.
5. The liabilities of a participant in respect of maintenance margins shall be equal to
the sum of margins calculated separately for each derivatives transactions portfolio
and each cash transactions portfolio for which the participant holds clearing member
status.
§ 16
1. The mode of calculating derivatives market margins is set out in Appendix 1.
2. The mode of calculating cash market margins is set out in Appendix 2.
3. The mode of calculating collateral referred to in § 52 subpara. 1 of the Rules is set
out in Appendix 3.
4. The clearing day timetable is set out in Appendix 4.
5. The structure of messages containing risk parameters used in calculations according
to the principles referred to in subpara. 1 – 3 is set out in Appendix 5.
§ 17
Income derived from the management of cash forming a margin shall be paid to
participants on a quarterly basis net of fees due to KDPW_CCP in respect of
management and administration of assets deposited as margin.
§ 18
1. Securities acceptable as contributions to the clearing fund and the ATS guarantee
funds shall only include bonds issued by the State Treasury traded on the regulated
market in the territory of the Republic of Poland and Treasury bills.
2. Securities referred to in subpara. 1 shall be recognised as a participant’s
contribution to the clearing fund or the ATS guarantee funds up to 90% of the sum of
the participant’s updated contributions to the fund.
§ 19
1. A participant holding clearing member status who is obliged to make a cash
payment according to the CH daily report in respect of liabilities arising from the
clearing of transactions concluded by the participant on the derivatives and cash
market shall be obliged, not later than 15 minutes before the commencement of a
session on the derivatives market on day R+1, to hold in the bank account in the
10
clearing bank indicated pursuant to § 20 subpara. 2 point 3 of the Rules, for which the
relevant settlement institution is authorised to act, an amount sufficient to settle such
liabilities to KDPW_CCP taking into consideration all other liabilities of the participant
in connection with its participation.
2. If, after the expiry of the deadline referred to in subpara. 1, there is a shortage of
balance on the bank account in the clearing bank indicated by the participant holding
clearing member status pursuant to § 20 subpara. 2 point 3 of the Rules, the value of
the initial margin referred to in § 49 subpara. 1 of the Rules deposited by the
participant shall be reduced by the amount equivalent to the shortage of balance. The
initial margin shall be reduced before the commencement of a session on the
derivatives market on day R+1.
3. Day R+1 referred to in subpara. 1 and 2 shall be understood as the day following the
clearing date of a transaction on the derivatives market.
§ 20
1. The concentration level referred to in § 50 subpara. 3 of the Rules determines the
number of positions open on the account of the same person in derivatives of a given
series, which, when exceeded, gives rise to the obligation of the participant holding
clearing member status to deposit an additional margin.
2. Concentration levels and related percentage ratios shall be set by KDPW_CCP solely
for those series of derivative instruments whose number of open positions exceeds
30,000.
3. Concentration levels and related percentage ratios shall be published by KDPW_CCP
on its website.
4. If a concentration level is exceeded, KDPW_CCP shall notify the participant holding
clearing member status of the requirement to deposit an additional margin.
5. The notice referred to in subpara. 4 shall be given in the form of an electronic
message after the clearing of a session on the derivatives market on the day when the
concentration limit was exceeded.
6. The additional margin amount shall be calculated as the maintenance margin of the
portfolio or portfolios under the same client classification number, for which the
concentration limit was exceeded, times the percentage ratio. Liabilities and
receivables in respect of additional margin shall be netted with other liabilities and
receivables of the participant to KDPW_CCP determined on the day of clearing a
session on the derivatives market when the concentration limit was exceeded.
11
7. A participant holding clearing member status shall deposit an additional margin no
later than the day following the day of giving the participant the notice referred to in
subpara. 4.
8. A participant holding clearing member status shall be relieved of the obligation to
deposit an additional margin on the day when the participant receives from KDPW_CCP
a message to the effect that the position in derivatives does not exceed the
concentration level. The message shall be transferred in electronic form.
9. An additional margin shall be returned by KDPW_CCP to the participant holding
clearing member status on the day following the day when the participant receives the
message referred to in subpara. 8.
§ 21
1. The transaction limit referred to in § 51 subpara. 1 of the Rules determines the value
of the liabilities that a participant holding clearing member status may take on in a
given session on the derivatives market in respect of maintenance margins and
marking-to-market.
2. Where a position is opened (long or short) in index participation units or options, the
transaction limit shall be charged with the value securing the one-day variation of the
price of the given instrument.
3. On the last day of trading in futures contracts which are exercised through delivery
of pre-defined securities, the transaction limit shall be charged with the value of the
maintenance margin securing the delivery of those securities.
4. The degree to which the transaction limit is used by a participant holding clearing
member status shall be determined by comparing the liabilities of that participant
calculated at a set time during the session on the derivatives market with deposited
margins. During the session on the derivatives market, KDPW_CCP shall actively
monitor the degree to which the transaction limit and the engagement limit referred to
in § 51 subpara. 2 of the Rules have been used.
5. KDPW_CCP shall inform a participant holding clearing member status of the degree
to which the transaction limit is used, when the level of use rises over 90% and 95% of
the value of that margin.
6. If a participant holding clearing member status exceeds the transaction limit or the
engagement limit, derivatives market participants may be denied the right to conclude
transactions in which that participant is indicated as a clearing member within this
scope.
§ 22
12
1. On each day when transactions are cleared, KDPW_CCP shall prepare CH daily
reports and make them available to participants holding clearing member status.
2. The daily CH reports shall contain:
1) at the level of positions designed with a given ISIN code:
a) the derivatives balance;
b) the receivables or liabilities to be paid as part of marking-to-market and the
premium;
c) the receivables or liabilities arising from the final clearing of liabilities related to the
expiry or exercise of derivatives positions;
2) at the portfolio level:
a) a statement of balances in registers of securities deposited as maintenance margin;
b) the net receivables or liabilities to be paid as part of marking-to-market, the
premium, and the final clearing of liabilities related to the expiry or exercise of
derivatives positions;
c) the calculated value of the maintenance margin;
d) the value of the recognised margin in cash;
e) the value of the recognised margin in securities,
f) the receivables or liabilities to be paid in cash.
13
Chapter Three
Detailed rules of clearing transactions concluded on the derivatives market
§ 23
After each session on the derivatives market, KDPW_CCP shall calculate the liabilities
and receivables arising from positions taken in futures contracts that need to be paid
as part of marking to market. The calculation of these liabilities and receivables shall
be performed according to the following principles:
1) on the day a position is taken, the liabilities of the buyer and the receivables of
the seller shall be equal to the difference between the price of a futures contract
upon purchase and the settlement price for that series of futures contracts on the
day in question, provided that the difference is positive; otherwise, the difference
shall represent the liabilities of the seller and the receivables of the buyer;
2) on subsequent days, excluding the expiry date of a given series of futures
contracts, the liabilities of the buyer and the receivables of the seller shall be
equal to the difference between the settlement price from the preceding day and
the settlement price on the current day, provided that the difference is positive;
otherwise, the difference shall represent the liabilities of the seller and the
receivables of the buyer;
3) on the expiry date of a given series of futures contracts, the liabilities of the
parties shall be determined respectively according to the principles defined in
points 1 and 2 with the calculation of the difference between the settlement price
from the preceding day and the final settlement price for a futures contract in that
series or – if a position was taken on the expiry date of a given series of futures
contracts – the difference between the actual contract price and the final
settlement price for a futures contract in that series;
4) on the day of delivery of futures contracts in exercise of an option, the liabilities of
the holder of a long position in futures contracts and the receivables of the holder
of a short position in futures contracts shall be equal to the difference between the
option exercise price and the settlement price of the futures contract on the
current day, provided that the difference is positive; otherwise, the difference shall
represent the receivables of the holder of a long position in futures contracts and
the liabilities of the holder of a short position in futures contracts.
14
§ 24
1. If a long position in futures contracts is closed, the participant closing the position
shall be debited with the amount representing the difference between the settlement
price from the preceding day in the series in question and the price of the contract
closing the position, provided that the difference is positive; otherwise, the participant
closing the position shall be credited with the said amount.
2. If a long position in futures contracts is opened and closed on the same day, the
participant closing the position shall be debited with the amount representing the
difference between the price of the contract opening the position and the price of the
contract closing the position, provided that the difference is positive; otherwise, the
participant closing the position shall be credited with the said amount.
3. If a short position in futures contracts is closed, the participant closing the position
shall be debited with the amount representing the difference between the price of the
contract closing the position and the settlement price from the preceding day in the
series in question, provided that the difference is positive; otherwise, the participant
closing the position shall be credited with the said amount.
4. If a short position in futures contracts is opened and closed on the same day, the
participant closing the position shall be debited with the amount representing the
difference between the price of the contract closing the position and the price of the
contract opening the position, provided that the difference is positive; otherwise, the
participant closing the position shall be credited with the said amount.
§ 25
1. On the day of opening positions arising from concluded transactions in index
participation units or premium-style options, KDPW_CCP shall determine the liabilities
of the buyer and the receivables of the seller on the basis of the value of the premium,
whose level is defined in the terms of the transaction.
2. On days following the day of opening positions arising from concluded transactions
referred to in subpara. 1, the liabilities of the buyer and the receivables of the seller
shall not be determined.
§ 26
1. On the day of opening positions arising from concluded transactions in futures-style
options, KDPW_CCP shall not determine the liabilities and receivables of the buyer and
the seller in respect of the premium.
2. After each session on the derivatives market, KDPW_CCP shall calculate the
liabilities and receivables arising from positions taken in futures-style options. The
15
calculation of these liabilities and receivables shall be performed according to the
following principles:
1) on the day a position is taken, the liabilities of the buyer and the receivables of
the seller shall be equal to the difference between the price of options upon
purchase and the settlement price for that series of options on the day in question,
provided that the difference is positive; otherwise, the difference shall represent
the liabilities of the seller and the receivables of the buyer;
2) on subsequent days, excluding the option exercise date, the liabilities of the
buyer and the receivables of the seller shall be equal to the difference between the
settlement price from the preceding day and the settlement price on the current
day, provided that the difference is positive; otherwise, the difference shall
represent the liabilities of the seller and the receivables of the buyer;
3) on the option exercise date, the liabilities of the parties shall be determined
respectively according to the principles defined in points 1 and 2 with the
calculation of the difference between the settlement price from the preceding day
and the final settlement price for options or – if a position was taken on the option
exercise date – the difference between the price of the option and the final
settlement price for options in that series.
§ 27
1. If a long position in futures-style options is closed, KDPW_CCP shall debit the
participant closing the position with the amount representing the difference between
the settlement price of the options from the preceding day and the price of the options
closing the position, provided that the difference is positive; otherwise, the participant
closing the position shall be credited with the said amount.
2. If a long position in futures-style options is opened and closed on the same day,
KDPW_CCP shall debit the participant closing the position with the amount
representing the difference between the price of the options opening the position and
the price of the options closing the position, provided that the difference is positive;
otherwise, the participant closing the position shall be credited with the said amount.
3. If a short position in futures-style options is closed, KDPW_CCP shall debit the
participant closing the position with the amount representing the difference between
the price of the options closing the position and the settlement price of the options
from the preceding day, provided that the difference is positive; otherwise, the
participant closing the position shall be credited with the said amount.
4. If a short position in futures-style options is opened and closed on the same day,
KDPW_CCP shall debit the participant closing the position with the amount
16
representing the difference between the price of the options closing the position and
the price of the options opening the position, provided that the difference is positive;
otherwise, the participant closing the position shall be credited with the said amount.
§ 28
1. Index participation units and American-style options shall be exercised
automatically on the day of their expiry or at the request of the holder of a long
position.
2. European-style options shall be exercised automatically on the day of their expiry.
3. Premium-style options shall be exercised on condition that:
1) for call options – the difference between the settlement price and the option
exercise price is a positive number,
2) for put options – the difference between the option exercise price and the settlement
price is a positive number.
3. In the event of the exercise of an index participation unit, KDPW_CCP shall debit the
holder of the short position and credit the holder of the long position with an amount
corresponding to the settlement price, following the application of the appropriate
multiplier.
5. In the event of the exercise of a premium-style call option, KDPW_CCP shall debit the
holder of the short position and credit the holder of the long position with an amount
corresponding to the difference between the settlement price and the option exercise
price.
5. In the event of the exercise of a premium-style put option, KDPW_CCP shall debit the
holder of the short position and credit the holder of the long position with an amount
corresponding to the difference between the option exercise price and the settlement
price.
7. Futures-style options shall be exercised on the day of their expiry after the close of
trading on condition that:
1) for call options – the difference between the settlement price and the option
exercise price is not a negative number,
2) for put options – the difference between the option exercise price and the settlement
price is not a negative number.
8. In the event of the exercise of a futures-style option, KDPW_CCP shall credit the
holder of the short position and debit the holder of the long position with the premium
corresponding to the option settlement price on exercise date.
17
§ 29
The principles of determining settlement prices shall be laid down by the operator of
the relevant derivatives market.
§ 30
1. An order to exercise index participation units or American-style options shall be
executed by KDPW_CCP on a given day provided that a participant holding clearing
member status has introduced an exercise instruction into the clearing system no later
than 45 minutes after the close of trading on that day on the derivatives market
relevant for the given financial instrument. On the basis of the received exercise
instruction, KDPW_CCP shall submit to the relevant settlement institution an order to
block a relevant number of index participation unit or options. Such orders shall be
executed from the first day of trading until the day preceding the last day of trading.
2. Holders of short positions who are obliged to exercise shall be selected at random
taking into account the principle of minimising the number of accounts participating in
the execution of a single exercise order.
3. A holder of a long position may waive automatic exercise of an option provided that
a participant holding clearing member status submits a waiver instruction to
KDPW_CCP no later than 45 minutes after the close of trading on the last day of trading
in the given option series on the relevant derivatives market.
4. An instruction to change the status of index participation units or options to
“blocked for exercise”, referred to in subpara. 1, and a waiver instruction, referred to in
subpara. 4, cannot be cancelled after KDPW_CCP has received from the operator of the
derivatives market relevant for the given financial instrument documents which
constitute the basis for the clearing of transactions concluded on that market.
§ 31
If a transfer of positions referred to in § 69 subpara. 4 of the Rules has taken place, the
participant holding clearing member status who is the transfer recipient shall only be
responsible for liabilities for positions which have been transferred arising from the
day immediately following the transfer day.
§ 32
1. Orders to transfer positions opened as a result of transactions concluded on the
derivatives market submitted by KDPW_CCP to the relevant settlement institution may
concern:
1) positions taken as a result of a transaction concluded before the transfer date in
18
connection with the obligation to transfer their ownership or without the transfer of
their ownership;
2) positions registered in the incorrect account kept for the participant or the
participant’s settlement agent in the relevant settlement institution;
3) positions opened as a result of a transaction concluded on the basis of a collective
order issued by the manager of a portfolio, on account of clients for which the manager
pursues the same investment strategy;
4) positions taken as a result of a transaction concluded on the transfer date in
connection with the obligation to transfer their ownership or without the transfer of
their ownership.
2. Instructions to transfer positions between accounts kept in the relevant settlement
institution for different participants holding clearing members status or their
settlement agents shall be considered to match if they contain matching information
relating to:
1) the type of instruction;
2) the instruction matching mode;
3) the operation identifier, excluding the trading mode code;
4) the derivative instrument code number;
5) the number of positions;
6) the settlement date;
7) the numbers of accounts between which the positions are to be transferred;
8) the position identifier;
and
9) the clearing operation number – for transfers referred to in subpara. 1 point 2-4.
3. KDPW_CCP shall submit an order to transfer positions referred to in subpara. 1 point
1 on condition that on the transfer date the number of positions indicated in the
instruction or instructions ordering the transfer is at least equal to the number of
positions of the same type registered in the account from which the transfer is to be
carried out.
4. KDPW_CCP shall submit an order to transfer positions referred to in subpara. 1 point
2 on condition that the clearing operation number, the number of positions to be
transferred, the number of the account from which the transfer is to be carried out and
the transfer date, all indicated in the instruction ordering the transfer, correctly match,
as appropriate, the clearing operation number, the number of positions, the number of
the account and the transaction date indicated in the document referred to in § 38
subpara. 1 of the Rules, which is the basis for the clearing of the transaction and
incorrectly indicates the account through which the transaction is to be settled in the
relevant settlement institution.
19
5. KDPW_CCP shall submit an order to transfer positions referred to in subpara. 1 point
3 on condition that the clearing operation number, the number of the account from
which the transfer is to be carried out and the transfer date, all indicated in the
instruction or instructions ordering the transfer, correctly match, as appropriate, the
clearing operation number, the number of the account and the transaction date
indicated in the document referred to in § 38 subpara. 1 of the Rules, which is the
basis for the clearing of a transaction concluded on the basis of a collective order
issued by the manager and the sum of positions indicated in all the instructions
ordering these transfers does not exceed the number of positions of the same type
opened as a result of the transaction marked with a given clearing operation number.
7. KDPW_CCP shall submit an order to transfer positions referred to in subpara. 1 point
4 on condition that the clearing operation number, the number of the account from
which the transfer is to be carried out and the transfer date, all indicated in the
instruction or instructions ordering the transfer, correctly match, as appropriate, the
clearing operation number, the number of the account and the transaction date
indicated in the document referred to in § 38 subpara. 1 of the Rules, which is the
basis for the clearing of a transaction which opened these positions and the sum of
positions indicated in all the instructions ordering these transfers does not exceed the
number of positions of the same type opened as a result of the transaction marked with
a given clearing operation number.
8. The transfers referred to in subpara. 1 points 2-4 shall only be performed on the date
of the transaction involving the positions to be transferred.
9. The transfers referred to in subpara. 1 points 2-4 shall be performed according to
the price of the transaction marked with the same clearing operation number as the
transfer.
§ 33
1. In order to cancel an instruction to transfer positions opened as a result of
transactions concluded on the derivatives market, which has been introduced to the
clearing system, a participant shall submit to KDPW_CCP a cancellation instruction,
which should clearly identify the cancelled document.
2. A cancellation instruction referred to in subpara. 1 may be submitted after the close
of a session on the derivatives market. Submission of a cancellation instruction does
not mean that the instruction to transfer positions opened as a result of transactions
concluded on the derivatives market has been effectively cancelled. A cancellation
instruction may not be executed after the execution of the instruction to transfer
positions.
3. An instruction to cancel an instruction to transfer positions, which should be
20
matched with another instruction, may be submitted until the time of matching, and
after matching on condition that KDPW_CCP receives two matching cancellation
instructions submitted by both parties to clearing. An instruction which need not be
matched with another instruction may be cancelled until the time of execution of the
instruction to transfer positions.
4. Cancellation instructions submitted by both parties to clearing shall be considered
to match if cancelled documents indicated in these instructions are the basis of the
same operation in the clearing system.
21
Chapter Four
Transitional provisions
§ 34
1. Subject to the provisions of § 35 subpara. 2, until 28 September 2012, securities
shall be deposited as maintenance margin or initial margin by changing the status of
such securities to “blocked as margin” in the relevant settlement institution:
1) in the depository or securities account of a participant holding clearing member
status; or
2) in the depository account of the settlement agent of such participant; or
3) subject to the provisions of subpara. 2, in the depository account kept for another
entity.
2. Securities blocked in the depository account kept in the relevant settlement
institution for an entity referred to in subpara. 1 point 3 may only be deposited as a
maintenance margin. Before the first such block, a participant holding clearing
member status shall submit to KDPW_CCP a written statement indicating in particular
the depository account and the entity holding such depository account, in which
securities are to be blocked as a maintenance margin deposited by the participant.
3. In order to unblock securities deposited as a margin, a participant holding clearing
member status who has deposited the margin shall submit to KDPW_CCP an instruction
to change the status of the securities respectively. The instruction should specify the
type of margin, the securities to be unblocked, the holder of the depository or
securities account kept in the relevant settlement institution in which the securities are
blocked, and in case of a maintenance margin also the client (client classification
number) whose positions are covered by the margin.
4. On receipt of the instruction referred to in subpara. 3, KDPW_CCP shall submit to the
relevant settlement institution an order to unblock securities deposited as a margin
provided that:
1) the securities do not need to be used in order to settle liabilities of the participant
holding clearing member status secured with the margin deposited by the participant
in the form of these securities, and
2) the conditions set out in § 71 subpara. 3 of the Rules have been fulfilled or the
participant who has deposited the margin no longer holds clearing member status.
22
Ҥ 35
1. Starting from 1 October 2012, KDPW_CCP shall use for the purposes of maintenance
and initial margin only those securities which have been provided for this purpose by
the participant, in accordance with the principles described in § 14 subpara. 1, subject
to the provisions of subpara. 2 below.
2. Despite the expiry of the deadline, described in subpara. 1, KDPW_CCP may use
securities, which have been blocked for margining purposes according to the
principles described in § 34 subpara. 1, in the event of circumstances that indicate
there is a risk involved in their use for the purposes of meeting the obligations secured
using these securities and the participant has not conformed to the principles coming
into force on 1 October 2012.
3. In order to conform to the principles that come into force on 1 October 2012, relating
to the provision of securities for the purpose of using them as maintenance and initial
margin, a participant with the status of clearing member, who, in accordance with the
provisions of § 34 subpara. 1, has blocked securities on the depository account or the
securities account managed by the relevant settlement system for use as margin, shall
change the scope of this margin through the delivery to KDPW_CCP of the following not
later than 28 September 2012 before 12.00:
1) in instances where the margin consists of securities blocked for the purpose
of use as initial margin – a written declaration on these securities being used for
the purpose of initial margin, according to the principles described in § 14
subpara. 1;
2) in instances where the margin consists of securities blocked for the purpose
of use as maintenance margin –
a) an instruction changing the status of the blocked securities, which were
provided for margining purposes on 28 September 2012 and transferring these
securities according to the principles described in § 14 subpara. 1 onto the
account managed by the relevant settlement system on behalf of KDPW_CCP, or,
b) an instruction to transfer on that date for the purpose of maintenance margin,
according to the principles described in § 14 subpara. 1, other securities than
the securities which have been blocked, which correspond to them at least in
value calculated for margin purposes on 28 September 2012 onto the securities
account managed by the relevant settlement system on behalf of KDPW_CCP.
23
4. Following the receipt from the participant of the declaration, described in subpara. 3
item 1, KDPW_CCP shall send an instruction to the relevant settlement system, at the
closing clearing session on 28 September 2012, which shall change the status of the
blocked securities, which were provided on that date for the purpose of initial margin,
and which shall transfer these securities onto the securities account managed by the
relevant settlement system on behalf of KDPW_CCP, in order for them to be exercised
by that settlement system at the next settlement session dedicated to this type of
operation.
5. If a participant changes the scope of the initial margin in a manner described in
subpara. 3 item 2 a., KDPW_CCP, at the close of the clearing session on 28 September
2012, shall send the relevant settlement system an instruction changing the status of
blocked securities, which on that date had been provided for margining purposes and
transferring these securities onto the account managed on behalf of KDPW_CCP in this
settlement system in order for them to be exercised by that system at the next
settlement session dedicated to this type of operation.
6. If a participant changes the scope of the initial margin in a manner described in
subpara. 3 item 2 b., KDPW_CCP shall send on 28 September 2012 to the relevant
settlement system and instruction releasing the blocked securities used for the
purpose of maintenance margin, on condition that:
1) The instruction, described in § 34 subpara. 3 will be delivered by the
participant to KDPW_CCP before 12.00 on that date at the latest, and that
2) Other securities than blocked securities described in subpara. 3 item 2b. will
be registered on the securities account managed on behalf of KDPW_CCP for
the purpose of maintenance margin.
7. If the participant does not perform the activities described in subpara. 3, the
provisions of § 12 subparas. 1-3 shall apply accordingly.
24
Appendix No. 1
to the KDPW_CCP Detailed Clearing Rules
Calculating the level of margin deposits for the derivatives market
1 Methodology used to calculate the level of margin deposits for the derivatives market
Maintenance margin is used to safeguard against any potential future change in price of open
positions in derivatives in a given portfolio. Maintenance margins are calculated using SPAN®
methodology, using risk parameters set each day by KDPW_CCP on the basis of up-to-date
market analysis.
The size of the maintenance margin that needs to be posted by the participant is calculated
using the value of the participant’s payment liabilities arising from transactions, while
factoring in the reduction in risk as a result of the relevant correlation between financial
instruments.
KDPW_CCP provides a daily file containing in particular values for risk scenarios and risk
parameter values.
In order to maintain the security of the clearing process, KDPW_CCP may amend the risk
parameters during the course of a trading session on the stock exchange in order to mitigate
risk effectively.
Detailed information on the KDPW_CCP risk management system using SPAN methodology can
be found on the KDPW_CCP website.
25
1.1 Calculating the value of maintenance margin for a portfolio
The value of required maintenance margin (DZP) for portfolio p of a given clearing member is
the maximum value of the difference between the sum total of margins in each class (DZK) and
the sum of the excess of the value of long positions calculated for all classes (NOD) and the
figure zero.
k k
pkpkp NODDZKDZP 0;max
p - portfolio identifier
k - class identifier
The above formula enables the offsetting of maintenance margins in a single class using the
value of (positive) net positions in options in a different class.
1.2 Calculating maintenance margins per class in a portfolio
The required maintenance margin on a given accounting day for a given class k in a portfolio
(DZK) is calculated on the basis of the margin securing the risk of price change in a portfolio
(DZW) and the value of net positions in options (PNO).
1.3 Calculating the value of the excess of the value of long positions in options
In instances where the value (DZW – PNO) is a positive integer, it forms the margin requirement
for a given class in the portfolio. In instances where the value (DZW – PNO) is a negative value,
then this value is segregated as NOD and is used in order to lower margin requirements in
other classes in a given portfolio.
0;min pkpkpk PNODZWNOD
0;max pkpkpk PNODZWDZK
26
pkNOD - excess of the value of long positions in options in portfolio p and class k
1.4 Calculating the value of the margin securing the risk of portfolio price change
Margins used to secure the risk of changes in the value of instruments (DZW) belonging to
portfolio p in a given class, are calculated in a given time horizon as the sum total of the margin
for the scenario risk, the inter-class spread margin and delivery margin, less the value of the
inter-class spread credit. The margin calculates using this method cannot however be lower
than the value of the minimum margin deposit for short positions in options in this portfolio.
pkppkpkpkpk mdkocspkdddswkdrscDZW ;max
drsc - margin for scenario risk
dswk - margin for inter-class spread
dd - margin for delivery
cspk - inter-class spread credit
mdko - minimum deposit for short positions in options
1.5 Margin for scenario risk (drsc)
The margin for scenario risk is calculated on the basis of analysis of the reaction to the value of
the value of the portfolio in a given class within each risk scenario and it equals the level of the
risk when assuming the worse case market scenario (in SPAN® terminology, this is the
scenario with the highest positive risk value). When calculating risk scenarios for futures, only
the price change factor is used, while for options, the price change is used together with
changes in levels of volatility and time.
1.6 Margin for inter-class spread (dswk)
The margin for inter-class spread is calculated in relation to positions within a portfolio of a
given class with varying expiry dates in order to secure against the risk of non-correlated price
change.
1.7 Margin for delivery (dd)
The margin for delivery may be calculated in relation to positions within a portfolio which are
nearing their expiry, as well as positions within a delivery cycle and secures against the risk of
changes in the composition of a portfolio, or against the risk inherent in the delivery cycle.
27
1.8 Inter-class spread credit (cspk)
Inter-class spread credit can be calculated in relation to those portfolio positions whose risk is
mutually correlated, which leads to lower margin requirements.
1.9 Minimum deposit for short positions in options (mdko)
Portfolios with short positions in options contain a certain level of residual risk. The required
margin for the portfolio cannot be lower than the limit defined by KDPW_CCP, which is the
minimum margin deposit for short positions in options.
The value of the minimum deposit for short positions in options (mdko) are calculated as
follows:
kpkpk dmkomdko
ko - number of short positions in options
dm - minimum deposit for each short position in options
28
Appendix No. 2
to the KDPW_CCP Detailed Clearing Rules
Calculating margins for the cash market (share and bond positions)
1. Definitions
Whenever these provisions refer to:
1) liquidity class – this shall mean all series of securities other than derivatives, with a
similar risk profile;
2) duration class – this shall mean all series of non-equity (non-share based) securities,
within the meaning of Article 4, point 10 of the Law on Public Offerings and Conditions
Governing the Introduction of Financial Instruments to Organised Trading and Public
Companies of 29 July, 2005 (Dz. U. (Journal of Laws) of 2009 No. 185, item 1439), with
similar modified life spans and the same ratings class defined by KDPW_CCP, with similar
risk profiles;
3) portfolio – this shall mean a set of positions arising from executed transactions, which
have not yet been settled, with the same entity code;
4) k– this shall mean the liquidity class identifier;
5) p – this shall mean the portfolio identifier.
2. Methodology for calculating margins in the cash market
Margins are calculated using SPAN® methodology.
Following receipt of documents containing transaction details, KDPW_CCP calculates the value
of the maintenance margin for each portfolio taking into account in the calculation the
statistically highest possible position loss during the subsequent session, determined using
correlated positions within the portfolio.
The margin is calculated daily starting from the date of the execution of the
transaction, until the settlement date.
3. Calculating risk for shares
The algorithm used to assign instruments to a given liquidity class takes into account
the following:
The average liquidity of the instrument,
The instrument type.
29
3.1. Calculating the total net position in the portfolio (CPN)
The value of the positions in the portfolio in a given instrument is calculated by
multiplying the net number of instruments by the reference price. Adding together the
sum total of values for positions in each instrument in a given class, gives the value of
purchase positions (PK) and sell positions (PS).
The total net position in the portfolio ( CPN ) is calculated by liquidity class and
expresses an absolute value which is the difference between the total of purchase and
sale positions.
pkpkpk PSPKCPN
3.2. Calculating the total gross position in the portfolio (CPB)
The total gross position in the portfolio ( CPB ) is calculated by liquidity class and
corresponds to the total value of purchase and sale positions.
pkpkpk PSPKCPB
3.3. Calculating the margin for intermediate risk (DPLR)
The margin for intermediate risk ( DPLR ) is calculated as the sum of the margin for
market risk ( DRR ) and the margin for specific risk ( DRS ).
pkpkpk DRSDRRDPLR
3.3.1. Calculating margin for market risk (DRR)
Market risk is understood to mean the risk of price variation of financial instruments
within a given liquidity class. In order to calculate the margin for the value of margin
risk, the parameter yk is used,
The margin for market risk ( DRR ) is calculated by multiplying the total net position of
the portfolio (CPN ) by the level of market risk (yk ).
pkpkkpk PSPKyDRR
30
3.3.2. Calculating margin for specific risk (DRS)
Specific risk includes the variation risk inherent in a given liquidity class and the price
volatility of a given financial instrument. In order to calculate the margin for the value
of specific risk, the parameter xk is used, which defines the level of specific risk for a
given liquidity class.
The margin for specific risk is calculated by multiplying the total gross position of the
portfolio (CPB) by the parameter xk
pkpkkpk PSPKxDRS
3. 4. Calculating the inter-class spread credit (KSPK)
Margin requirements for intermediate risk may be lowered by applying inter-class
spread credit, which reflects correlations between certain liquidity classes.
The value of the inter-class spread credit is calculated using the credit co-efficient (crt)
and the value of the total net position in each class. The priority in which spreads are
created is defined on the basis of tables containing credit spread priorities,
determined by KDPW_CCP.
2121
;min; /21 pkpkkkpkPSPKPSPKcrtkkSPK K
TABLE 1 Principles used for determining credits for spreads
LP. Principles
1. Total net positions in classes k1 and k2 must have opposite sides.
2. KDPW_CCP defines a table of valid class pairs for which credit is provided, the
value of the credit and the order in which each pair is credited.
3.
If a total net position in a given class remains unused for credit, then the next
opposite total net position is searched for, in accordance with the principles
contained in the priority table defined by KDPW_CCP.
4. The credit for the inter-class spread relates to each leg of the spread.
31
3. 5. Calculating margin for final intermediate risk (DOLR)
The margin for final intermediate risk ( DOLR ) for a given portfolio in a given class of
instruments is calculated on the basis of final market risk, which itself is determined
by deducting the value of the spread credit for a given class of instrument ( SPKK ) from
the value of intermediate market risk ( DPLR).
pkKSPKDPLRDOLR pkpk
4. Calculating risk for bonds
The risk for bonds is calculated on the basis of net purchase and sale positions
awaiting clearing. Bonds are assigned to a duration class indicated by KDPW_CCP for a
given day. Calculations are performed at the portfolio level.
4.1. Assigning bonds to a duration class
Each bond is assigned to a duration class on the basis of the value of the modified
duration indicator and rating class. The assignment is carried out at the end of each
day on which transaction clearing is performed. KDPW_CCP reserves the right to
change the change the manner in which the bond is assigned to take into account the
risk characteristics. KDPW_CCP provides information to market participants on each
bond assigned to the relevant duration class.
4. 2. Calculating net positions according to the bond type
The net position value in each instrument is calculated by multiplying the number of
instruments by the nominal value of the bond, the modified duration indicator and the
reference price.
The value of purchase positions (PK) and sale positions (PS) is obtained by adding the
value of calculated positions in each instrument in a given duration class.
4.3. Calculating the total net position (CPN)
The total net position (CPN ) is calculated for a duration class as the absolute value
from the difference between the total of purchase position values ( PK ) and the total
of sale position values ( PS ) in the portfolio of the clearing member.
pkpkpk PSPKCPN
4.4. Calculating the total gross position (CPB)
The total gross position (CPB ) is calculated for a duration class, as the total of
purchase position values ( PK ) and the total of sale position values ( PS ).
32
pkpkpk PSPKCPB
4.5. Calculating margin for intermediate market risk (DPLR)
Determining intermediate risk takes place on the basis of the calculation of the value of
the market risk and the value of the specific risk at the level of each duration class
within the portfolio.
The margin for intermediate market risk is calculated using the total margin
determined for market risk ( DRR ) and the margin determined for specific risk ( DRS ).
pkpkpk DRSDRRDPLR
4.5.1. Calculating the margin for market risk
Market risk is understood to mean the risk of variation in the income curve in a given
duration class. The parameter (yk ) is used to calculate the margin for the value of
market risk.
The (yk) parameter, which defines the level of market risk, is indicated by KDPW_CCP
for each duration class.
The margin for market risk ( DRR ) is calculated by multiplying the total net position for
a portfolio (CPN ) by the level of market risk (yk), for a given instrument class (k).
pkpkkpk PSPKyDRR
4.5.2. Calculating margin for specific risk
Specific risk includes the risk of variation of a given instrument from the standard
inherent in a given duration class, based on the instrument’s specific characteristics.
In order to calculate the margin for the value of specific risk, the parameter (xk) is used,
which is defined by KDPW_CCP for each duration class.
The margin for specific risk is calculated by multiplying the total gross position of the
portfolio (CPB ) by the parameter describing the specific risk (xk) for a given instrument
class.
pkpkkpk PSPKxDRS
33
4.6. Calculating margin for inter-class spread (DSWK)
The margin for inter-class spread is calculated in such a way as to secure against the
risk of an irregular repositioning of the income curve within a given duration class. This
margin is only calculated for bonds in relation to both opposite positions forming the
spread within a given class.
pkpkk PSPKdep ;minpkDSWK
where:
kdep - percentage for inter-class spread margin
4.7. Calculating the inter-class spread credit (KSPK)
Calculating the inter-class spread credit (KSPK) allows for the reduction of intermediate
market risk by recognising the correlation between positions in different duration
classes.
2121
;min; /21 pkpkkkpkPSPKPSPKcrtkkSPK K
TAB. 2 Principles used for calculating margins for spreads
LP. Principles
1. Total net positions in classes k1 and k2 must have opposite sides.
2. KDPW_CCP defines a table of valid class pairs for which credit is provided, the
value of the credit and the order in which each pair is credited.
3.
If a total net position in a given class remains unused for credit, then the next
opposite total net position is searched for, in accordance with the principles
contained in the priority table defined by KDPW_CCP.
4. The credit for the inter-class spread relates to each leg of the spread.
34
4.8. Calculating margin for final risk (DOLR)
The margin for final risk ( DOLR ) calculated for a portfolio in a given duration class is
equivalent to the margin for intermediate market risk ( DPLR), less the assigned credit
( SPKK ) and with the addition of the required deposit for spread in a given class
( SWKD ).
pkpk DK SWKSPKDPLRDOLR pkpk
4.9. Marking to market (WR)
Marking to market (WR ), is the process of calculating the debits and credits within a
portfolio using up-to-date market prices. It is calculated as the difference between the
value of positions in the clearing cycle re-valued using existing market prices and the
clearing value based on the executed transaction.
ipipipipi cSBWROZWR *
where:
piWROZ the number of securities i bought and sold for portfolio p multiplied by the
transaction unit price (this is a negative figure for purchase transactions),
ic securities reference price,
pipi SB , number of securities bought and sold.
The mark-to-market value, used to calculate maintenance margin is expressed in the
following formula:
i
ipupu WRWRD 0;min ,,,
5. Calculating maintenance margin
The required margin for a portfolio that is not marked-to-market (DZP) is equivalent to
the total final risk ( DCLR). The required margin for a portfolio is calculated as the sum
of the margin for final margin risk for each liquidity class and the margin for final
market risk for each duration class.
k
pk
k
pkpp SWKSPKDPLRDOLRDCLRDZP pkpk DK
35
The required margin for positions within a portfolio for transactions from the cash
market is the total of the values of the required margin (DZP) and the value arising from
the mark-to-market process (WRD).
ppp WRDDZPDZ
36
Appendix No. 3
to the KDPW_CCP Detailed Clearing Rules
Rules for calculating the minimum value of assets charged by participants to clients
placing transaction orders in the derivatives market
1. Methodology used to set initial margins by clearing members
KDPW_CCP approves the following methodologies to be used to set initial margins for
client portfolios:
1) SPAN® methodology;
2) Portfolio Risk Calculation Model (MPKR);
3) Other methodologies, following prior approval by KDPW_CCP.
1.1. SPAN® Methodology
The value of the initial margin required to be paid by clients of clearing members may
be determined using SPAN® methodology, in addition to up-to-date risk parameters
defined by KDPW_CCP. KDPW_CCP publishes a set of risk parameters at least once a
day, or at the end of a stock exchange session. The new set of risk parameters remains
in force until it is replaced by a new set.
The value of the required initial margin is calculated on the basis of the margin
securing the transaction price assigned to a given portfolio and the net value of options
positions.
Where a client delivers new transaction orders, the necessary initial margin will need to
reflect the least advantageous effect of their execution on the value of the portfolio,
arising respectively from the realisation of all pending client orders, their partial
realisation, or failure to realise them.
Where a client delivers an order for the execution of an option sale transaction settled
premium style, the value of the required initial margin calculated using SPAN®
methodology may be decreased by the value of the premium indicated in the order.
37
1.2. MPKR Methodology
1.2.1. Risk parameters
The Portfolio Risk Calculation Model (MPKR) uses parameters specified by KDPW_CCP
to calculate margins, with which the risk for a whole portfolio may be determined:
a. Level of maintenance margin for a given class ( kZ ),
b. Volatility of a given series of options in a year ( iVO ),
c. Credit co-efficient for a given class of long positions in options and index
participation units (CRT ),
d. Parameter modifying the volatility for a given options class ( kVM ),
e. Value of the parameter limiting the level of the risk for options positions in
scenarios 15 and 16 ( SATLMT ),
f. Free of risk rate for trading currency defined for a given series of options ( r ),
g. Annual dividend rate, set by the WSE for the underlying instrument for a given
options series, while for currency options, the free of risk rate for the currency of
the underlying instrument for a given series of options (q),
h. Parameters increasing the level of maintenance margin for each type of
derivative instrument: (futB ) – futures contracts,
(ipuB ) – index participation units, (
opB ) – options.
In order to calculate margins, fundamental variables arising from transaction execution
are also used, which relate to the contract settlement price, the premium, the number
of options contracts purchased
i. Number of positions in futures contract of series “i”- (negative number indicates
short position)( iL ),
j. Settlement price for futures contract in series “i” – or closing price for index
participation units series “i”- ( iC ).
38
1.2.2. Risk scenarios
In the MPKR model, simulations are carried out using 16 scenarios to verify how the
value of the portfolio will change with the impact of variation in the price of the
underlying instrument and changes in volatility.
Figure 1
Scenario
no. [j] Scenario
Range of
price
change
[uj]
Probability
[wj]
Direction of
volatility
[kj]
1 Const range, volatility ceiling 0,0 1 1
2 Const range, volatility floor 0,0 1 -1
3
Range 1/3 ceiling, volatility
ceiling 1/3
1
1
4 Range 1/3 ceiling, volatility floor 1/3 1 -1
5 Range 1/3 floor, volatility ceiling -1/3 1 1
6 Range 1/3 floor, volatility floor -1/3 1 -1
7
Range 2/3 ceiling, volatility
ceiling 2/3
1
1
8 Range 2/3 ceiling, volatility floor 2/3 1 -1
9 Range 2/3 floor, volatility ceiling -2/3 1 1
10 Range 2/3 floor, volatility floor -2/3 1 -1
11
Range 3/3 ceiling, volatility
ceiling 1,00
1
1
12 Range 3/3 ceiling, volatility floor 1,00 1 -1
13 Range 3/3 floor, volatility ceiling -1,00 1 1
14 Range 3/3 floor, volatility floor -1,00 1 -1
15 Range 2 x ceiling, const volatility 2,00 0,5 0
16 Range 2 x floor, const volatility -2,00 0,5 0
The value of margin jS in a given scenario „j” and for a given class of instruments
(typified by the same underlying instrument) is calculated as the sum:
39
n
i
ijj SS1 (Formula No. 1)
where:
ijS is the value of the margin for derivatives instrument of series “i” in scenario “j”,
n number of series in a given class of derivatives.
1.2.3. Principles of correlation
The level of the margin calculated for each of the 16 scenarios is the starting point for
calculating margins for client portfolios.
When applying the portfolio risk calculation model, correlation of positions may take
place for derivatives positions based on the same underlying instrument (in the same
class).
1.2.4. Calculating margins for each scenario
A. Futures contracts
The value of margin ijS for a given futures contract of series “i”- in scenario “j”- is
calculated according to the following formula:
jjfutkiiij wuBZCLS (Formula No. 2)
Where:
2;2;1;1;1;1;3
2;3
2;3
2;3
2;3
1;3
1;3
1;3
1;0,0;0,0 u
5,0;5,0;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;1w
B. Long position settled in index participation units
A long position settled in index participation units forms the margin for other positions
based on the same underlying instrument. The value of the margin at the close of the
day is equal to the reference price with a correction for a potential one-day change in
the price of the index participation unit, multiplied by the credit co-efficient (CRT). The
value of the margin for index participation units of series “i” in scenario “j”- is
calculated according to the following formula:
40
CRTwuBCZCLS jjipuikiiij (Formula No. 3)
C. Long position settled in put and call options
A long position settled in put and call options forms the margin for other positions
based on the same underlying instrument. The value of the margin is calculated using
the Black-Scholes model, based on Formulas 12 and 13 and is equal to the value of the
option premium divided by the value of the credit co-efficient CRT.
The value of margin ijS for options of series “i”- w „j”- in scenario “j”- is calculated
according to the following formula:
CRTPL
CRTPLS
p
iji
c
iji
ij (Formula No. 4)
where:
c
ijP - Value of the call option premium calculated using Formula No. 12
p
ijP - Value of the put option premium calculated using Formula No. 13
D. Short position settled in index participation units
For a short position in index participation units where financial settlement has taken
place, the value of the margin is calculated using the current value of the premium and
the risk of price change of the index participation unit.
The value of the margin for a short position in index participation units of series “i” in
scenario” j”- is calculated according to the following formula:
jjipuikiiij wuBCZCLS (Formula No. 5)
E. Short position settled in put and call options
Margin calculated for short positions in put and call options:
41
p
iji
c
iji
ijPL
PLS (Formula No. 6)
Where:
c
ijP - Value of the call option premium calculated using Formula No. 12
p
ijP - Value of the put option premium calculated using Formula No. 13
F. Unsettled short position in index participation units
For unsettled short positions in index participation units, a margin is calculated to
secure any daily change of unit price. The value of the margin for a short position in
index participation units “i” in scenario ”j”- is calculated according to the following
formula:
jjipukiiij wuBZCLS (Formula No. 7)
G. Unsettled short position in options
For unsettled short positions in options, the margin is calculated according to the
following formula:
)PP(L
PPLS
p
R
p
iji
c
R
c
iji
ij (Formula No. 8)
Where:
p
R
c
R P;P - Option (call, or put respectively) market price multiplied by the multiplier c
ijP - Value of the premium for the call option calculated using Formula No. 12
42
p
ijP - Value of the premium for the put option calculated using Formula No. 13
H. Closing short positions in options and index participation units
In instances where an investor holds short positions in index participation units or in
(settled) options within the portfolio and the investor has executed a purchase
transaction in the same series of index participation units or options (unsettled
positions), the number of closed short positions is deducted from the balance of
settled short positions.
0;min n
i
r
ii LLL (Formula No. 9)
Where:
r
iL - Number of short positions settled in index participation unit or options of
series “i” n
iL - Number of long positions settled in index participation unit or options of series
“i”
The value iL is then used in Formula No. 5 or Formula No. 6 respectively.
I. Closing long positions in options and index participation units
In instances where an investor holds long positions in index participation units or in
(settled) options within the portfolio and the investor has executed a sale transaction
in the same series of index participation units or options (unsettled positions), the
balance of positions is calculated according to the following formula:
a) Balance of unsettled short positions
0;LLminL n
i
r
ii
(Formula No. 10)
The value iL is then used in Formula No. 7 or Formula No. 8 respectively.
43
b) Balance of settled long positions
0;max n
i
r
ii LLL (Formula No. 11)
The value iL is then used in Formula No. 2 or Formula No. 3 respectively
r
iL - Number of long positions settled in index participation unit or options of series
“i” n
iL - Number of short positions settled in index participation unit or options of
series “i”.
Making an options purchase order creates an obligation derived from the premium that
is equal to the number of purchased options or index participation units multiplied by
the value of the premium arising from the executed transaction.
1.3. Options pricing model – calculating the risk value for options
Theoretical value of the call option
TVdNeXdNeKmP TrTqc
ij '
(Formula No.12)
Theoretical value of the put option
dNeKdTVNeXmP TqTrp
ij '
(Formula No. 13)
TV
TV
qrX
K
d
2
ln2'
(Formula No. 14)
a) Theoretical value of the premium for call option in series “i” in scenario “j” (
c
ijP ),
b) Theoretical value of the premium for put option in series “i” in scenario “j” ( p
ijP ),
c) )1('
opjk BuZKK - Price of the underlying instrument in scenario “j”,
d) Value of the annual dividend rate determined by the WSE for the underlying
instrument for a given series of options (q),
44
e) 2;2;1;1;1;1;
32;
32;
32;
32;
31;
31;
31;
31;0;0 u
,
f) Co-efficient increasing level ( kZ ) for option (opB ),
g) Level of maintenance margin for a given class ( kZ ),
h) Underlying instrument closing price ( K ),
i) Option exercise price ( X ),
j) Multiplier (m),
k) Time left to expiry expressed as fraction of year (number of days remaining until
option expiry divided by 365)_(T),
l) Direction of volatility 0;0;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;1;1 k ,
m) 001,0;max kji VMkVOV ,
n) Volatility for a given option series expressed as an annual figure ( iVO ),
o) Parameter modifying volatility for a given option class ( kVM ),
p) Free of risk rate ( r ),
q) Euler number( e),
r) Standard deviation in normal distribution ( xN ),
s) Parameter limiting risk in scenarios 15 and 16 (SATLMT).
Notes
t) For scenarios 15 and 16 the values c
ijPand
p
ijPare multiplied by the value of the
parameter (SATLMT).
u) For derivatives until the execution of the first transaction:
i. The settlement price for futures contracts is calculated by reference price
determined by the market organiser multiplied by the multiplier,
ii. The closing price for index participation units is calculated using the
reference price calculated by the market organiser,
iii. The closing price for options is calculated using the reference price
calculated by the market organiser.
1.4. Calculating the margin for an instrument class
45
The required margin for an instrument class reflecting the margin securing the delivery
is calculated using the following formula:
SdSS jk 0;min
(Formula No. 15)
Where:
kS - Value for margin for a given class of instruments
Sd - Value of margins securing delivery by class
In relation to positions in futures contracts which are settled by delivery of the
underlying instrument, a margin posted for a duration of several days will be required
to secure delivery, which will not be subject to correlation. The margin will be required
from clients holding open positions during the delivery period i.e. from T (following the
end of the session) until T+4. For clients holding short positions during the delivery
period, this margin is required until the time when the securities intended for the
settlement of the transaction are blocked.
n
i
futkii ddBZCLSd1
(Formula No. 16)
Where:
iL Number of positions in instruments of series “i” (a negative number indicates a
short position)
kZ - Level of maintenance margin for a given class of instruments
futB - Increase parameter for futures contracts
iC - Final settlement price of the contract
dd - Day indicator, however:
- for long position nTTdd ;4
- for short position
;
;
44
34
Ty
TTdd
,,, 321y
2. Calculating the required margin for a client portfolio -MPKR
46
The value of the margin charged to clients by clearing members is the sum total of the
calculated margin at the level of the client account (portfolio).
g
i
kSS1
(Formula No. 17)
Where:
S - Value of margin by portfolio
g - Number of different classes within the portfolio
kS - Value of margin for a given class of instruments
The value of the margin calculated using Formula No. 17 is the minimum value which
the participant is obliged to charge the client to secure the client’s open derivatives
positions.
3. Methodology used to calculate initial margins, prepared by the clearing member
Clearing members may apply other principles to calculate margins to secure their
clients’ positions, which will differ from SPAN® and MPKR methodology. These
principles will need to be approved by KDPW_CCP.
47
Appendix No. 4
to the KDPW_CCP Detailed Clearing Rules
Timetable of the clearing processing day
Session number Session commencement time
N1 18.30
48
Appendix No. 5
to the KDPW_CCP Detailed Clearing Rules
Message structure providing information on risk parameters for the SPAN® (PS) algorithm
and risk parameter levels calculated using PRCM (DZ) methodology.
The PS message provides information on risk parameter levels for the SPAN® algorithm;
the DZ message contains risk parameter levels calculated using PRCM methodology.
PS and DZ messages will be made available to clearing members in the form of electronic
files in MS Excel format named as follows: YYMMDDKM.ZRS for PS messages and
YYMMDDKM.ZAR for DZ messages.
Information on risk parameters for SPAN methodology are provided in three separate
spreadsheets: PKAS_PL (risk parameters for the cash market), PTER_PL (risk parameters
for the derivatives market) and PSTR_PL (stress test parameters, used to calculate
contributions to the clearing guarantee fund).
PS and DZ messages are sent to clearing members using the ESDI electronic messaging
system and will be published on the KDPW_CCP website.
49
KDPW_CCP
ul. Książęca 4
00-498 Warsaw
Poland
Message KM no.: NN/PS/YY
Dated YYYY-MM-DD
I. Information on SPAN® risk algorithm parameters for the cash (spot) market
Parameter definitions
x – specific risk parameter
y – market risk parameter
LQ – liquidity class in the cash market
DR – duration class in the cash market
crt – credit coefficient for spread between liquidity classes
n – number identifier
1.1 Liquidation risk
Algorithm parameters for shares
Liquidation risk parameters
Liquidity class x% y%
LQ ...% ...%
50
Algorithm parameters for bonds
Liquidation risk parameters
Duration class x% y%
DR ...% ...%
Margin for inter- duration class spread
Duration class Margin
DR ...%
1.2 Marking-to-market
Algorithm parameters for shares
Parameters used in large price volatility scenarios
Liquidity class
Threshold of
approved price
volatility
Co-efficient
modifying the
purchase price
Co-efficient
modifying the
sales price
cd1 cu1
LQ ...% ...% ...%
Parameters used in scenarios where there are no listings
Liquidity class
Co-efficient
modifying the
purchase price
Co-efficient
modifying the
sales price
cd2 cu2
LQ ...% ...%
51
Algorithm parameters for bonds
Parameters used in large price volatility scenarios
Duration class
Threshold of
approved price
volatility
Co-efficient
modifying the
purchase price
Co-efficient
modifying the
sales price
cd1 cu1
DR ...% ...% ...%
Parameters used in scenarios where there are no listings
Duration class
Co-efficient
modifying the
purchase price
Co-efficient
modifying the
sales price
cd2 cu2
DR ...% ...%
53
1.3. Inter-class spread
Inter-class liquidity spread credit
Priority crt Liquidity class 1
Market side 1
(A/B) Liquidity class 2
Market side 2
(A/B)
n ...% LQ … LQ …
Inter-class duration spread credit
Priority crt Liquidity class 1
Market side 1
(A/B) Liquidity class 2
Market side 2
(A/B)
n ...% DR … DR …
55
II. Information on SPAN® risk algorithm parameters for the derivatives market
Parameter definitions
PSR – price scan range
VSR – volatility scan range
KL – derivatives market class
n – number identifier
2.1 Index based derivatives
Main parameters
Class PSR VSR
Minimum deposit
for options short
position
KL ...% ...% …
Detailed parameters for index based options
Class Expiry date Risk free interest
rate Dividend rate
KL yyyy-mm-dd ...% ...%
57
Definition of levels
Class Level Instruments
KL
n
n
Inter-class spread definition
Class Priority
Level – leg
1 Delta number
Market side 1
(A/B)
Level – leg
2
Delta
number
Market side 2
(A/B) Deposit
KL
n … … … … … … …
n … … … … … … …
2.2 Share based derivatives
Main parameters
Class PSR VSR
Parameter
modifying
volatility
Minimum deposit for
options short position
KL ...% ...% ...% …
58
Definition of levels
Class Level Instruments
KL
n
n
Inter-class spread definition
Class Priority
Level – leg
1 Delta number
Market side 1
(A/B)
Level – leg
2
Delta
number
Market side 2
(A/B) Deposit
KL
n … … … … … … …
n … … … … … … …
59
2.3 Currency based derivatives
Main parameters
Class PSR VSR
Parameter
modifying
volatility
Minimum
deposit for
options short
position
KL …% ...% …% …
Definition of levels
Class Level Instruments
KL
n
n
60
Inter-class spread definition
Class Priority
Level – leg
1 Delta number
Market side 1
(A/B)
Level – leg
2 Delta number
Market side 2
(A/B) Deposit
KL
n … … … n … … …
n … … … n … … …
2.4 Inter-class spread
Inter-class spread credit
crt Klasa1
Market side 1
(A/B) Class2
Market side 2
(A/B)
…% … … … …
61
III. Information on stress-test risk parameters used to
calculate contributions to the clearing guarantee fund
Parameter definitions
PSR – price scan range
VSR – volatility scan range
KL – derivatives market class
LQ – liquidity class in the cash market
DR - duration class in the cash market
crt – credit coefficient for spread between liquidity classes
n – number identifier
3.1 Cash market
Stress-test parameters for shares
Liquidation risk parameters
Liquidity
class x% y%
LQ …% ..%
62
Stress-test parameters for bonds
Liquidation risk parameters
Duration
class x% y%
DR ...% ...%
Margin for inter- duration class spread
Duration
class Margin
DR ...%
3.2 Derivatives market
Index based derivatives
Main parameters
Class PSR VSR
Minimum
deposit for
options short
position
KL ...% ...% …
Definition of levels
Class Level Instruments
KL n
63
Inter-class spread definition
Class Priority
Level – leg
1 Delta number
Market side 1
(A/B)
Level –
leg 2 Delta number Class Priority
KL n … … … … … … …
Share based derivatives
Main parameters
Class PSR VSR
Parameter
modifying
volatility
Minimum
deposit for
options short
position
KL ...% ...% ...% …
Definition of levels
Class Level Instruments
KL n
n
64
Inter-class spread definition
Class Priority
Level – leg
1 Delta number
Market side 1
(A/B)
Level –
leg 2 Delta number Class Priority
KL
n … … … … … … …
n … … … … … … …
Currency based derivatives
Main parameters
Class PSR VSR
Parameter
modifying
volatility
KL ...% ...% ...%
Definition of levels
Class Level Instruments
KL n
n
65
Currency based derivatives
Main parameters
Class PSR VSR
Parameter
modifying
volatility
Minimum
deposit for
options short
position
KL ...% ...% ...% …
Definition of levels
Class Level Instruments
KL n
n
66
Inter-class spread definition
Priority
Level – leg
1
Delta
number Market side 1 (A/B) Level – leg 2
Delta
number
Market side 2
(A/B) Priority
Level – leg
1
KL n … … … … … … …
n … … … … … … …
3.3 Inter-class spread
Inter liquidity class spread credit
Priority crt Liquidity class 1
Market side 1
(A/B) Liquidity class 2
Market side 2
(A/B)
n ...% LQ … LQ …
Inter duration class spread credit
Priority crt Duration class 1
Market side 1
(A/B) Duration class 2
Market side 2
(A/B)
n ...% DR … DR …
Inter class spread credit in the derivatives market
Priority crt Class Market side 1
(A/B)
Class Market side 2
(A/B)
n ...% KL … KL …
67
KDPW_CCP
ul. Książęca 4
00-498 Warsaw
Poland
Message DZ no.:NN/DZ/YY
Dated YY-MM-DD
Information on the margin level and risk parameters using the Portfolio Risk
Calculation Model.
1. Common parameters for all classes
Parameter limiting option risk value ...%
Interest rate ...%
Margin increase parameter
...%
2. Class parameters
CLASS KL
Maintenance margin ...%
Initial margin ...%
Parameter modifying options volatility ...%
Credit coefficient ...%
CLASS KL
Maintenance margin ...%
Initial margin ...%
KL- Instrument class
Note: The message contains a set of risk parameters used to calculate the minimum
initial margins to be posted by entities sending orders to execute transactions in the
derivatives market according to the principles defined in the PRCM described in
Appendix 3 to the KDPW_CCP Detailed Clearing Rules. The final margin amount for a
client is set by the clearing member, using the member’s own risk assessment of the
client and the transaction. The principles used by the clearing member to set the level
of margin and risk parameters will need to enable margins to be determined at levels
not lower than those calculated according to principles and risk parameters defined by
KDPW_CCP.