Ovaku Work Posture Analysis (OWAS)

Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA)

Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA)

Work posture

OWAS

OWAS Worksheet

Load / Force Use:

1= </= 10 Kg

2= 10 – 20 Kg

3= > 20 Kg

Achieving at Grand Score to identify the Action Level

RULA

Ref: Mc. Atamney et. Al., 1993

Upper Arm

Add 1 if shoulder is raised

Add 1 if upper arm is abducted

Subtract 1 if leaning or supporting the weight of the arm

Group A

Lowe Arm

Add 1 if working across the midline of the body or out of the side

Group A

RULA: Wrist twist

1. Mainly in mid range of twist

2. At or near end of the twisting range

Wrist

Add 1 if wrist is bend away fro the midline

Group A

Group B

Neck

Add 1 if neck is twisting

Add 1 if neck is side bending

Group B

Trunk

Add 1 if trunk is twisting

Add 1 if trunk is side bending

RULA: Legs

1. Leg and fit are well supported and in an evenly balanced posture

2. Legs and feet are NOT are well supported or NOT in an evenly balanced posture

RULA: Muscle use Score

Raise the score by 1 if the posture is

•Mainly static, e.g.held for longer than 1 minute

•Repeated more than 4 times per minute

RULA: FORCE or LOAD Score

0 1 2 3

No resistance or less than 5 lb (2kg) intermittent load force

5-20 lb (2-10 kg) intermittent load force

5-20 lb (2-10 kg) static or repeated load force

More than 20 lb (10 kg) static or repeated loads or forces. Shock or forces with rapid build-up

Table A: Upper Limb Posture ScoreUPPER ARM

LOWER ARM

WRIST

1 2 3 4

WRIST TWIST WRIST TWIST WRIST TWIST WRIST TWIST

1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2

1 1 1 2 2 2 2 3 3 3

2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3

3 2 3 2 3 3 3 4 4

2 1 2 2 2 3 3 3 4 4

2 2 2 2 3 3 3 4 4

3 2 3 3 3 3 4 4 5

3 1 2 3 3 3 4 4 5 6

2 3 4 4 4 4 4 5 5

3 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5

4 1 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5

2 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5

3 4 4 4 5 5 5 6 6

51 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 7

2 5 6 6 6 6 6 7 7

3 6 6 6 7 7 7 7 8

6 1 7 7 7 7 7 8 8 9

2 8 8 8 8 8 9 9 9

3 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9

Table B: Neck, Trunk, Legs Posture Score

NECK POSTURE

SCORE

TRUNK POSTURE SCORE

1 2 3 4 5 6

LEGS LEGS LEGS LEGS LEGS LEGS

1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2

1 1 3 2 3 3 4 5 5 6 6 7 7

2 2 3 2 3 4 5 5 5 6 7 7 7

3 3 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 7 7 7

4 5 5 5 6 6 7 7 7 7 7 8 8

5 7 7 7 7 7 8 8 8 8 8 8 8

6 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 9 9 9 9 9

Table C: Grand Score Table

TABLE CSCORE D (NECK, TRUNK, LEG)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7+

SCORE C (UPPER LIMB)

1 1 2 3 3 4 5 5

2 2 2 3 4 4 5 5

3 3 3 3 4 4 5 6

4 3 3 3 4 5 6 6

5 4 4 4 5 6 7 7

6 4 4 5 6 6 7 7

7 5 5 6 6 7 7 7

8+ 5 5 6 7 7 7 7

Action Level•Action level 1- a score of 1 or 2 indicates that posture is acceptable if it is not maintained or repeated for long periods

•Action level 2- a score of 3 or 4 indicates that further investigation is needed and changes may be required

•Action level 3- a score of 5 or 6 indicates that investigation and changes are required soon

•Action level 4- a score of 7 indicates that investigation and changes are required immediately

REBA

Ref: Hignett, S., Mc Atamney, 2000

Movement Score Change Score:

+ 1 if twisting or side flexed

Upright 1

00 – 20 0 flexion00 – 20 0

extension

2

200 – 600 flexion > 200 extension

3

> 600 flexion 4

Trunk

Movement Score Change Score:

+ 1 if twisting or side flexed

00 - 200 flexion 1

> 200 flexion or in extension

2

Neck

Position Score Change Score:+ 1 if knee (s) between 300 and 600 flexion + 2 if knee (s) are > 600 flexion (n.b. not for siting)

Bilateral weight bearing, walking or sitting

1

Unilateral weight bearing Feather weight bearing or an unstable posture

2

Legs

Position Score

Change Score:

+1 if arm is:

•Abducted

•Rotated + 1 if shoulder is raised-1 if leaning, supporting weight of arm or if posture is gravity assisted

20 0 extension to 20 0

flexion1

> 200 extension200 – 450 flexion

2

450 - 900 flexion 3

> 900 flexion 4

Upper Arm

Movement Score

600 – 1000 flexion 1

< 600 flexion or > 1000 flexion

2

Movement Score Changes Score:

+ 1 if wrist is deviated or twisted

00 – 150 flexion / extension

1

> 150 flexion / extension

2

Lower Arm

Wrist

0 1 2 +1

<5kg 5 – 10 kg

> 10 kg Shock or rapid buildup

Load / Force Score

0 (Good) 1 (Fair) 2 (Poor) 3 (unacceptable)

Well – fitting handle and a midrange power grip

Handhold acceptable but not ideal OrCoupling is acceptable via another part of the body

Handhold not acceptable, although possible

Awkward, unsafe grip, no handlesOrCoupling is unacceptable using other parts of the body

Load coupling Score

Score Description

+1 If one or more body pars are static, e.g., held for longer than 1 min

+1 If repeated small – range actions occur, e.g., repeated more than 4 times per minute (not including walking)

+1 If the action causes rapid large – range changes in postures or an unstable base

Activity Score

Neck

1 2 3

Trunk

Legs 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

1 1 2 3 4 2 2 3 4 3 3 5 6

2 2 3 4 5 3 4 5 6 4 5 6 7

3 2 4 5 6 4 5 6 7 5 6 7 8

4 3 5 6 7 5 6 7 8 6 7 8 9

5 4 6 7 8 6 7 8 9 7 8 9 9

Table A: Scoring for body parts A (Trunk, Neck, Legs)

Lower Arm

1 2

Upper Arm

Wrist 1 2 3 1 2 3

1 1 2 2 1 2 3

2 1 2 3 2 3 4

3 3 4 5 4 5 5

4 4 5 5 5 6 7

5 6 7 8 7 8 8

6 7 8 8 8 9 9

Table B: Scoring for body parts B (Upper Arms, Lower Arms, Wrists)

GROUP B SCORE

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

G 1 1 1 1 2 3 3 4 5 6 7 7 7

R 2 1 2 2 3 4 4 5 6 6 7 7 8

O 3 2 3 3 3 4 5 6 7 7 8 8 8

U 4 3 4 4 4 5 6 7 8 8 9 9 9

P 5 4 4 4 5 6 7 8 8 9 9 9 9

A 6 6 6 6 7 8 8 9 9 10 10 10 10

7 7 7 7 8 9 9 9 10 10 11 11 11

S 8 8 8 8 9 10 10 10 10 10 11 11 11

C 9 9 9 9 10 10 10 11 11 11 12 12 12

O 10 10 10 10 11 11 11 11 12 12 12 12 12

R 11 11 11 11 11 11 12 12 12 12 12 12 12

E 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12

Table C: Grand Score

REBA Score

Risk Level

Action Level

Action (Including Further Assessment)

1 Negligible

0 None Necessary

2 – 3 Low 1 May be Necessary

4 – 7 Medium 2 Necessary

8 – 10 High 3 Necessary Soon

11 – 15 Very High 4 Necessary Now

REBA Action Levels