RTI and the Teacher as 'First Responder': Tools for ... · Response to Intervention RTI and the Teacher as 'First Responder': Tools for Classroom Intervention Jim Wright

Response to Intervention

RTI and the Teacher as RTI and the Teacher as 'First Responder': Tools for Classroom for Classroom Intervention

Jim Wrightwww.interventioncentral.org

www.interventioncentral.org


Access PPTs and other materials from this workshop at:

http://www.interventioncentral.org/harpursville



Intervention Centralwww interventioncentral orgwww.interventioncentral.org





www.interventioncentral.orgSource: Grosche, M., & Volpe, R. J. (2013). Response-to-intervention (RTI) as a model to facilitate inclusion for students with learning and behaviour problems. European Journal of Special Needs Education, 28, 254-269. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08856257.2013.768452


The Strong Classroom Behavior Manager: A Mosaicg

Key Principles of Behavior Management

Proactive Classwide Management Skills

Individual Classroom Group Management Strategies

Behavior Intervention Plans



Managing Student Behaviors byPlaying the Odds: The Vegas Approachpp• On any given day, teachers cannot know

with certainty what behavioral challenges will with certainty what behavioral challenges will walk through their classroom door.

• However by adopting sound research based • However, by adopting sound, research-based behavior-management practices, teachers increase the odds that they will be able to handle increase the odds that they will be able to handle unexpected behavioral incidents—in a way that enhances authority and promotes student


enhances authority and promotes student success.

7


Activity: Behavior Management in Grades K-2In your groups:In your groups:• Discuss the behavioral challenges that

tl f i lyou currently face in your classroom.• Record your TOP 2-3 challenges.• Be prepared to report out!

www.interventioncentral.org 8


Behavioral ‘Big Ideas’ What are Behavioral Big Ideas . What are big ideas that can help teachers to more effectively manage more effectively manage challenging student behaviors?



Big Ideas in Behavior

Managementpp 2 3pp. 2-3



Identifying the Big Ideas That Guide Effective B h i M tBehavior Management

These ‘big ideas’ can serve as priming statements in consultation to help teachers to feel empowered and optimistic about efforts to promote classroom behavior change:change:1. Check for academic problems.2 Id tif th d l i f ti f th b h i2. Identify the underlying function of the behavior.3. Eliminate behavioral triggers.4 R d fi th b h i l l l t b h i4. Redefine the behavioral goal as a replacement behavior.5. Focus on factors within the school’s control.


6. Be flexible in responding to misbehavior.

11


‘Big Ideas’ in Behavior Management…Big Ideas in Behavior Management…Check for academic problems. The correlation between classroom misbehavior and deficient between classroom misbehavior and deficient academic skills is high (Witt, Daly, & Noell, 2000). Teachers should, therefore, routinely assess a Teachers should, therefore, routinely assess a student's academic skills as a first step when attempting to explain why a particular behavior is occurring. And it logically follows that, when poor academics appear to drive problem behaviors, at least

f th i t ti id th t th t h l t some of the intervention ideas that the teacher selects should address the student's academic deficit.



‘Big Ideas’ in Behavior Management…Big Ideas in Behavior Management…Identify the underlying function of the behavior. Problem behaviors occur for a reason Such behaviors Problem behaviors occur for a reason. Such behaviors serve a function for the student (Witt, Daly, & Noell, 2000). The most commonly observed behavioral 2000). The most commonly observed behavioral functions in classrooms are escape/avoidance and peer or adult attention (Packenham, Shute, & Reid, 2004). When an educator can identify the probable function sustaining a particular set of behaviors, the t h h fid th t i t ti l t d t teacher has confidence that interventions selected to match the function will be correctly targeted and therefore likely to be effective


therefore likely to be effective.

13


Behavior Function Peer attention Adult attention Adult attention Escape or avoidance of a situation or activity (e.g., because the

student lacks the skills to do the academic work)student lacks the skills to do the academic work)

Acceptance/ affiliation with individuals or peer group(s) Power/control in interactions with peer(s) Power/control in interactions with adult(s)

Fulfillment of physical needs: e.g., sleep



‘Big Ideas’ in Behavior Management…Big Ideas in Behavior Management…Eliminate behavioral triggers. Problem behaviors are often set off by events or conditions within the often set off by events or conditions within the instructional setting (Kern, Choutka, & Sokol, 2002). Sitting next to a distracting classmate or being handed Sitting next to a distracting classmate or being handed an academic task that is too difficult to complete are two examples of events that might trigger student misbehavior. When the instructor is able to identify and eliminate triggers of negative conduct, such

ti t d t k i kl d b ti l actions tend to work quickly and--by preventing class disruptions--result in more time available for instruction (Kern & Clemens 2007)


(Kern & Clemens, 2007).

15


ABC Time-lineABC Time lineThe ABC (Antecedent-Behavior-Consequence) timeline shows

( )the elements that contribute to student behaviors: (a) the Antecedent, or trigger; (b) the student Behavior; and (c) the Consequence of that behaviorConsequence of that behavior.

ABC Timeline

A CBwww.interventioncentral.org 1616

A CB


‘Big Ideas’ in Behavior Management…Big Ideas in Behavior Management…Redefine the behavioral goal as a replacement behavior By selecting a positive behavioral goal that behavior. By selecting a positive behavioral goal that is an appropriate replacement for the student’s original problem behavior, the teacher reframes the student problem behavior, the teacher reframes the student concern in a manner that allows for more effective intervention planning (Batsche, Castillo, Dixon, & Forde, 2008). For example, an instructor who is concerned that a student is talking with peers about

i t ti l t i d i i d d t t k non-instructional topics during independent seatwork might select as a replacement behavior that the student will engage in "active accurate academic


student will engage in active, accurate academic responding".

17


‘Big Ideas’ in Behavior Management…Big Ideas in Behavior Management…Focus on factors within the school’s control. Teachers recognize that students often face significant factors recognize that students often face significant factors outside of the school setting--e.g., limited parental support -- that can place them at heightened risk for support that can place them at heightened risk for academic failure and problem behaviors.

Schools can best counteract the influence of negative outside factors and promote student resilience by

idi t ithi th d ti l tti h providing supports within the educational setting such as skills instruction, tutoring, mentoring, and use of positive behavior management strategies (Hosp


positive behavior management strategies (Hosp, 2008).

18


‘Big Ideas’ in Behavior Management…Big Ideas in Behavior Management…Be flexible in responding to misbehavior. Teachers have greater success in managing the full spectrum of have greater success in managing the full spectrum of student misbehaviors when they respond flexibly--evaluating each individual case and applying evaluating each individual case and applying strategies that logically address the likely cause(s) of that student's problem conduct (Marzano, Marzano, & Pickering, 2003).


Response to Intervention‘Big Ideas’ in Behavior Management

Activity: Which Big Idea is the Most

Management1. Check for academic problems.2 Identify the underlying function Idea is the Most

Important?• At your tables, discuss

2. Identify the underlying function of the behavior.

3 Eliminate behavioral triggersthe big ideas in behavior management presented here

3. Eliminate behavioral triggers.4. Redefine the behavioral goal as

a replacement behaviorhere.• Select the 1-2 ideas that

that you believe are most

a replacement behavior.5. Focus on factors within the

school’s controlthat you believe are most important for anyteacher to keep in mind

school s control.6. Be flexible in responding to

misbehavior


when working with challenging students.

20

misbehavior.


Classroom Management: gIntervention Pathways. How can teachers set up behavior teachers set up behavior management in their classrooms to get the greatest benefit for the to get the greatest benefit for the least effort?



Classroom M t Management:

Intervention Pathwayspp 4-7pp. 4-7



Classroom Management: Intervention PathwaysClassroom Management: Intervention PathwaysBehavior Management ‘Buckets’: Well-managed classrooms are built on a foundation that includes:classrooms are built on a foundation that includes:1. teaching behavioral expectations to students; 2 idi t i t ti 2. providing strong instruction; 3. using proactive strategies to manage group

behaviors; behaviors; 4. building connections with students; and 5 di fl ibl d i t l h 5. responding flexibly and appropriately when

individual behavior problems occur.



Classroom Management: Intervention P th1 Behavioral Expectations Students receive

Pathways1. Behavioral Expectations. Students receive

explicit training and guidance in expected classroom behaviorsclassroom behaviors.



1. Teaching Behavioral ExpectationsTeaching Behavioral Expectations. Students have been

explicitly taught classroom behavioral expectations. Those p y g ppositive behaviors are acknowledged and reinforced on an ongoing basis (Fairbanks, Sugai, Guardino, & Lathrop, 2007)2007).

11www.interventioncentral.org 25

11


1. Teaching Behavioral ExpectationsPosting Positive Classroom Rules. The classroom has a

set of 3-8 rules or behavioral expectations posted. When p ppossible, those rules are stated in positive terms as ‘goal’ behaviors (e.g. ‘Students participate in learning activities

ith t di t ti th f l i ’) Th l without distracting others from learning’). The rules are frequently reviewed (Simonsen, Fairbanks, Briesch, Myers, & Sugai 2008)Sugai, 2008).


22


1. Teaching Behavioral Expectations• Training Students in Basic Class Routines. The teacher

has clearly established routines to deal with common yclassroom activities (Fairbanks, Sugai, Guardino, & Lathrop, 2007; Marzano, Marzano, & Pickering, 2003; Sprick, B i & N l t 2002) Th ti i l d b t t Borgmeier, & Nolet, 2002). These routines include but are not limited to:

Engaging students in meaningful academic activities at the start of – Engaging students in meaningful academic activities at the start of class (e.g., using bell-ringer activities)

– Assigning and collecting homework and classworkg g g– Transitioning students efficiently between activities– Independent seatwork and cooperative learning groups


– Students leaving and reentering the classroom– Dismissing students at the end of the period 33


1. Teaching Behavioral Expectations:Additi l R

Self-Check Behavior Checklist Maker. This online tool

Additional ResourcesSelf Check Behavior Checklist Maker. This online tool allows teachers to define student behavior during classroom routines and transitions – a great way to clearly define behavioral expectations.



Classroom Management: Intervention P th2 Instruction That Motivates Academic

Pathways2. Instruction That Motivates. Academic

instruction holds student attention and promotes engagementpromotes engagement.



2. Strong Instruction That Motivates• Delivering Effective Instruction. The teacher’s lesson and

instructional activities include these components (Burns, p (VanDerHeyden, & Boice, 2008):– Instructional match. Students are placed in work that provides them with

i t l l f h ll ( t t d t t diffi lt)an appropriate level of challenge (not too easy and not too difficult).– Explicit instruction. The teacher delivers instruction using modeling,

demonstration, supervised student practice, etc. demonstration, supervised student practice, etc. – High rate of student responding & engagement. There are sufficient

opportunities during the lesson for students to be actively engaged and ‘ h h h k ’ ‘show what they know’.

– Timely performance feedback. Students receive feedback about their performance on independent seatwork as well as whole-group and 44


performance on independent seatwork, as well as whole group and small-group activities. 44


2. Strong Instruction That Motivates• Maintaining Brisk Pace of Instruction. The teacher presents an

organized lesson, with instruction moving briskly. g g y

There are no significant periods of ‘dead time’ (e.g., during roll-t ki t iti i b t ti iti ) h t d t taking or transitioning between activities) when student misbehavior can start (Carnine, 1976; Gettinger & Ball, 2008).


55


2. Strong Instruction That Motivates• Giving Clear Directions. When delivering directions to the class,

the teacher uses strategies that increase the likelihood that all gstudents hear and clearly understand them (Ford, Olmi, Edwards, & Tingstrom, 2001).

For large groups, such strategies might include using a general alerting cue (e g ‘Eyes and ears on me’) and ensuring general alerting cue (e.g., Eyes and ears on me ) and ensuring general group focus before giving directions. Multi-step directions are posted for later student review. For individual students, the teacher p ,may make eye contact with the student before giving directions and ask the student to repeat those directions before starting the


assignment. 66


2. Strong Instruction That Motivates• Offering Student Choice. The teacher provides the class or

individual students with appropriate choice-opportunities when pp p ppcompleting in-class academic tasks (Jolivette, Wehby, Canale, & Massey, 2001)

Offering choice options to students can increase academic motivation and focus while reducing problem behaviors Examples motivation and focus while reducing problem behaviors. Examples include allowing students to choose (1) an assignment from among two or more alternative, equivalent offerings; (2) what g , q g ; ( )books or other materials are to be used to complete an assignment; (3) who to work with on a collaborative task.


77


2. Strong Instruction That Motivates:Additi l R

Direct Instruction

Additional ResourcesDirect Instruction Checklist. Teachers can use this checklist to evaluate lesson plans to ensure that they provide appropriate direct instr ction s pport for direct-instruction support for struggling learners.



Classroom Management: Intervention P th

3 G B h i M t Th t h

Pathways

3. Group Behavior Management. The teacher uses active, positive techniques to manage the lclassroom.



3. Group Behavior Management• Employing Effective Verbal Commands. The teacher delivers

clear directives to students that (1) are delivered calmly, (2) are ( ) y ( )brief, (3) are stated when possible as DO statements rather than as DON'T statements, (4) use clear, simple language, and (5) are d li d di ti t ti d i t l d t id delivered one directive at a time and appropriately paced to avoid confusing or overloading students (Kern & Clemens, 2007; Matheson & Shriver 2005) Matheson & Shriver, 2005).

These directives are positive or neutral in tone, avoiding sarcasm p , gor hostility and over-lengthy explanations that can distract or confuse students.


88


3. Group Behavior Management• Providing Active Supervision. The teacher frequently moves

through the classroom--strategically recognizing positive behaviors g g y g g pwhile redirecting students who are off-task (De Pry & Sugai, 2002).

A d d th i t t i b h i l i d t As needed, the instructor gives behavioral reminders or prompts, teaches or reteaches expected behaviors , and praises examples of appropriate student behaviorof appropriate student behavior.


99


3. Group Behavior Management• Using Group Prompts to Hold Attention. The teacher gives brief

reminders of expected behaviors at the 'point of performance'—the p p ptime when students will most benefit from them (DuPaul & Stoner, 2002).

To prevent student call-outs, for example, a teacher may use a structured prompt such as: "When I ask this question I will give structured prompt such as: When I ask this question, I will give the class 10 seconds to think of your best answer. Then I will call on one student."


1010


3. Group Behavior Management:Additi l R

Assorted Classroom

Additional ResourcesAssorted Classroom Management ‘Packages’. Teachers can assert classroom control using one or more of these classwide packages Zone Defense packages: Zone Defense System, Teacher-Student Learning Game Good Learning Game, Good Behavior Game, Color Wheel, and Defense


Management.



4 St d t R l ti hi Th t h

Pathways

4. Student Relationships. The teacher uses strategies to promote in students a sense of l ti d b l iclassroom connection and belonging.



4. Student Relationships• Greeting Students at the Classroom Door. A personalized

greeting at the start of a class period can boost class levels of g g pacademic engagement (Allday & Pakurar, 2007).

Th t h d f d ti h t d t b The teacher spends a few seconds greeting each student by name at the classroom door at the beginning of class.


1111


4. Student Relationships• Shaping Behavior Through Praise. To increase desired

behavior, the teacher praises the student in specific terms p pwhenever the student engages in that behavior (Kern & Clemens, 2007). Th t h i t t t t t ffi i t t ti t The teacher uses praise statements at a rate sufficient to motivate and guide the student toward the behavioral goal:

The teacher selects the specific desired behavior(s) to encourage through – The teacher selects the specific desired behavior(s) to encourage through praise;

– The teacher sets a goal for how frequently to deliver praise (e.g., to praise g q y p ( g , pa student at least 3 times per class period for working on in-class assignments). The teacher makes sure that any praise statements given are 1212


– The teacher makes sure that any praise statements given arebehavior-specific. 1212


4. Student Relationships• Maintaining a High Rate of Positive Interactions Teachers

promote a positive relationship with any student by maintaining a p p p y y gratio of at least three positive teacher-student interactions (e.g., greeting, positive conversation, high-five) for every negative (di i li ) i t ti ( i d) (S i k B i & (disciplinary) interaction (e.g., reprimand) (Sprick, Borgmeier, & Nolet, 2002).


1313


4. Student Relationships:Additi l R

Praise (Teacher Handout).

Additional ResourcesPraise (Teacher Handout). Teachers can strengthen their use of classroom praise by reviewing ‘best practices’ for praising st dentsstudents.




5 Individual Behavior Management The

Pathways

5. Individual Behavior Management. The teacher uses flexible, positive techniques to manage behaviors of particular studentsmanage behaviors of particular students.



1. Teaching Behavioral Expectations• Preparing a Range of Appropriate Classroom

Consequences for Misbehavior. The teacher has a qcontinuum of classroom-based consequences for misbehavior (e.g., redirect the student; have a brief private

f ith th t d t l i il conference with the student; remove classroom privileges; send the student to another classroom for a brief timeout) that are used before the teacher considers administrative removal are used before the teacher considers administrative removal of the student from the classroom (Sprick, Borgmeier, & Nolet, 2002)., )


1414


5. Individual Behavior Management• Giving Pre-Corrections as Behavioral Reminders. The teacher

heads off a problem behavior by proactively prompting or p y p y p p greminding student to show appropriate behaviors (De Pry & Sugai, 2002). Just before a time, situation or setting when problem b h i t lik l t th t h ' t ' b behaviors are most likely to occur, the teacher 'pre-corrects' by reminding the student of appropriate behavioral expectations.


1515


5. Individual Behavior Management• Emphasizing the Positive in Teacher Requests. Whenever

possible, the teacher states requests to individual students in p qpositive terms (e.g., "I will be over to help you on the assignment just as soon as you return to your seat") rather than with a

ti i ( "I ’t h l ith i t til negative spin (e.g., "I won’t help you with your assignment until you return to your seat."). When an instructor's request has a positive 'spin' that teacher is less likely to trigger a power struggle positive spin , that teacher is less likely to trigger a power struggle and more likely to gain student compliance (Braithwaite, 2001).


1616


5. Individual Behavior Management• Asking Open-Ended Questions. The teacher asks neutral, open-

ended questions to collect more information before responding to q p ga student who is upset or appears confrontational (Lanceley, 1999). The teacher can pose ‘who’, ‘what’, ‘where’, ‘when’, and ‘h ’ ti t f ll d t d th bl it ti d ‘how’ questions to more fully understand the problem situation and identify possible solutions (e.g., "What do you think made you angry when you were talking with Billy?") Teachers should avoid angry when you were talking with Billy? ). Teachers should avoid asking ‘why" questions because they can imply that the teacher is blaming the student.g


1717


5. Individual Behavior Management• Keeping Responses Calm and Brief. The teacher responds to

provocative or confrontational students in a 'neutral', business-like, pcalm voice and keeps responses brief (Sprick, Borgmeier, & Nolet, 2002; Walker & Walker, 1991). The teacher avoids getting 'h k d' i t di i t ith th t t d t I t d 'hooked' into a discussion or argument with that student. Instead the teacher repeats the request calmly and—if necessary--imposes a pre determined consequence for noncomplianceimposes a pre-determined consequence for noncompliance.


1818


5. Individual Behavior Management• Selecting Behavior Management Strategies Matched to

Student Need. The teacher is able flexibly to select different ybehavior management strategies for use with different students, demonstrating their understanding that one type of intervention t t t b t d t k ith ll t d t (M strategy cannot be expected to work with all students. (Marzano,

Marzano, & Pickering, 2003).


1919


5. Individual Behavior Management:Additi l R

Behavior Report Cards.

Additional ResourcesBehavior Report Cards. Teachers can use BRCs to help students to internalize classroom behavioral expectations, set individual beha ior goals and selfbehavior goals, and self-monitor behavior.



Activity: Classroom Management:Intervention PathwaysIn your groups:

Behavior Management ‘Buckets’::1 teaching behavioral

• Look over the ‘Intervention Pathways’ handout pp. 2-

1. teaching behavioral expectations to students;

2. providing strong instruction; 7).• Select one item from that

h d t th t b li

2. providing strong instruction; 3. using proactive strategies to

manage group behaviors; handout that you believe might be most challenging to make work in K-2

g g p ;4. building connections with

students; and to make work in K-2 classrooms.

;5. responding flexibly and

appropriately when individual


behavior problems occur.


G B h i M t Wh t Group Behavior Management. What are examples of behavior management that can improve on-task behavior for a group or entire class? behavior for a group or entire class?



www.interventioncentral.orgSource: Grosche, M., & Volpe, R. J. (2013). Response-to-intervention (RTI) as a model to facilitate inclusion for students with learning and behaviour problems. European Journal of Special Needs Education, 28, 254-269. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08856257.2013.768452


Zone Defense SystemZone Defense System



Zone Defense System: Assign to Zones, Not StudentsZone Defense System: Assign to Zones, Not StudentsTo help them to attain student success, primary classrooms often receive additional staffing resources in the form of often receive additional staffing resources in the form of reduced class size or assignment of part-time or full-time teaching assistants.teaching assistants.

Yet students in these settings may waste as much as a third of instructional time transitioning between activities.

F th i l t ff d ith t hi Furthermore, primary classrooms staffed with teaching assistants typically show little or no improvement in student behaviors when compared with classrooms that lack


behaviors when compared with classrooms that lack assistants.

57


Zone Defense System: Assign to Zones, Not StudentsZone Defense System: Assign to Zones, Not StudentsAn alternative means for organizing staff is to link educators to specific 'zones' In this 'zone defense educators to specific zones . In this zone defense system' (Casey & McWilliam, 2005), two (or more) educators assigned to a classroom divide up the educators assigned to a classroom divide up the instructional day into zones (instructional activities occurring at scheduled times in different parts of the classroom). At any point during the school day, one educator assumes the role of 'instructor' and actively teaches children within a zone. Meanwhile, the second educator takes the role of 'set up' preparing for the next


takes the role of 'set-up', preparing for the next scheduled activity in another part of the room.

58


Zone Defense System: Assign to Zones, Not StudentsZone Defense System: Assign to Zones, Not StudentsInstructor. When in the role of instructor, the educator is actively in

charge of the current instructional activity The instructor:charge of the current instructional activity. The instructor:• greets students as they enter the new zone and helps each child to

engage immediately in the current activity.g g y y• engages in active teaching during the zone activity, providing

instructional support to students.• releases students at the end of the activity to move to the next zone

activity.• continues to support those students who need a longer transition

time as they wrap up the current activity.• cleans up and reorganizes the work space


• cleans up and reorganizes the work space.

59


Zone Defense System: Assign to Zones, Not StudentsZone Defense System: Assign to Zones, Not StudentsSet Up. When in the set-up role, the educator is preparing for the next

activity but is also on call to intercept and deal with potential activity, but is also on-call to intercept and deal with potential interruptions to instruction. The person in the set-up role:

• sets up the materials and organizes the work space for the next p g pscheduled zone activity.

• is available pull any children from the current zone activity who are emotionally upset or misbehaving.

• performs any other duty that prevents the current zone instructor f b i i t t d ( ti i it ) from being interrupted (e.g., greeting visitors).

• is waiting in the new zone during the change-over between zone activities to greet students as they enter the area and to ensure that


activities to greet students as they enter the area and to ensure that each child immediately starts the planned instructional activity.

60


Zone Defense: Sample ScheduleZone Defense: Sample Schedule



Zone Defense System: Assign to Zones, Not StudentsZone Defense System: Assign to Zones, Not StudentsThe most important benefits of the Zone Defense System are that itSystem are that it– reduces student down-time

t th i t ti f i t ti d – prevents the interruption of instruction, and – accommodates those children who need additional

time to transition from one activity to another time to transition from one activity to another.

H dditi l t ti l l i th t t ti However, an additional potential plus is that rotating primary responsibility for different zone activities among staff members ensures that all educators linked to the


staff members ensures that all educators linked to the classroom work together as colleagues.

62




Good Behavior GameGood Behavior Game



Sample Classroom Management Strategy: Good B h i G Behavior Game (Barrish, Saunders, & Wold, 1969)

The Good Behavior Game is a whole-class intervention to improve student attending and academic engagement. It is best used during structured class time: for example, whole-group instruction or periods of independent seatwork

The Game is not suitable for less-structured activities such as cooperative learning groups where students are expected to cooperative learning groups, where students are expected to interact with each other as part of the work assignment.



1 The instructor decides when to schedule the Game Good Behavior Game: Steps1. The instructor decides when to schedule the Game.

(NOTE: Generally, the Good Behavior Game should be used for no more than 45 to 60 minutes per day to used for no more than 45 to 60 minutes per day to maintain its effectiveness.)

2. The instructor defines the 2-3 negative behaviors that will gbe scored during the Game. Most teachers use these 3 categories:

• Talking Out: The student talks, calls out, or otherwise verbalizes without teacher permission.

• Out of Seat: The student’s posterior is not on the seat.• Disruptive Behavior: The student engages in any


other behavior that the instructor finds distracting or problematic.


Good Behavior Game: Steps

3. The instructor selects a daily reward to be awarded to each member of successful student teams (HINT: each member of successful student teams. (HINT: Try to select rewards that are inexpensive or free. For example, student winners might be given a coupon p , g g ppermitting them to skip one homework item that night.)

4. The instructor divides the class into 2 or more teams. 5. The instructor selects a daily cut-off level that

represents the maximum number of points that a team is allowed (e.g., 5 points).


Response to InterventionGood Behavior Game: Steps

6. When the Game is being played, the instructor teaches in the usual manner. Whenever the instructor observes t d t i b h i d i th l th i t t student misbehavior during the lesson, the instructor

silently assigns a point to that student’s team (e.g., as a tally mark on the board) and continues to teach.y )


Response to InterventionGood Behavior Game: Steps

7. When the Game period is over, the teacher tallies each team’s points. Here are the rules for deciding the

i ( ) f th Gwinner(s) of the Game:• Any team whose point total is at or below the pre-

determined cut-off earns the daily reward (NOTE: This determined cut-off earns the daily reward. (NOTE: This means that more than one team can win!)

• If one team’s point total is above the cut-off level, that p ,team does not earn a reward.

• If ALL teams have point totals that EXCEED the cut-off l l f th t d l th t ith th LOWEST level for that day, only the team with the LOWEST number of points wins.


Response to InterventionGood Behavior Game: Troubleshooting

Here are some tips for using the Good Behavior Game:• Avoid the temptation to overuse the Game. Limit its use to no more

than 45 minutes to an hour per day.a 5 u es o a ou pe day• If a student engages in repeated bad behavior to sabotage a team

and cause it to lose, you can create an additional ‘team of one’ that has only one member--the misbehaving student This student can has only one member--the misbehaving student. This student can still participate in the Game but is no longer able to spoil the Game for peers!If the Game appears to be losing effecti eness check to be s re it is • If the Game appears to be losing effectiveness, check to be sure it is being implemented with care and that you are:

– Assigning points consistently when you observe misbehavior.– Not allowing yourself to be pulled into arguments with students

when you assign points for misbehavior.– Reliably giving rewards to Game winners


Reliably giving rewards to Game winners. – Not overusing the Game.


Good Behavior Game Cut-Off=2

Team 1 Team 2 Game Over

[Out of Seat] [Call Out][Disruptive]

Answer: Both teams won the Game as both teams’ point totals fell


Question: Which team won this Game?Answer: Both teams won the Game, as both teams point totals fell BELOW the cut-off of 5 points.


Teacher-Student Learning GameTeacher Student Learning Game



Teacher-Student Learning GameTeacher Student Learning GameDescription: The Teacher-Student Learning Game (Nelson Benner & Mooney 2008) is a procedure for (Nelson, Benner, & Mooney, 2008) is a procedure for managing instruction that can work with large and small groups, as well as with individual students. groups, as well as with individual students.

It offers incentives for appropriate behaviors is not It offers incentives for appropriate behaviors, is not coercive, and prompts students to apply positive peer pressure within their groups to earn Game points and p g p presulting incentives.



Teacher-Student Learning GameTeacher Student Learning GamePreparation: To prepare for the Teacher-Student Learning Game the instructor:Learning Game, the instructor:– teaches behavioral expectations.

l t i f t t th G – selects reinforcers to support the Game. – creates a Game T-chart.



Teacher-Student Learning GameProcedure: To conduct the Game during a particular

activity, the teacher:1. announces that the Game is in effect. The teacher says, "For

this activity, we are going to be playing the Teacher-Student Learning Game." Learning Game.



Teacher-Student Learning GameProcedure: To conduct the Game during a particular activity, the

teacher:2. assigns points for appropriate and unacceptable behaviors. While

teaching, the instructor observes student behaviors. Periodically, when the teacher notes that most or all students in the group are behaving the teacher notes that most or all students in the group are behaving appropriately, the instructor awards 5 points to the group, recording those points in the 'Students' column of the T-chart as a 5-hashmark tally: tally: The instructor also says, "Students score five points for [insert description of positive behavior or rule


pos e be a o o u ebeing followed]."

76



teacher:2. assigns points for appropriate and unacceptable behaviors (cont.).

Whenever the instructor observes a rule violation, that instructor awards 5 points to the teacher, recording those points in the 'Teacher' column of 5 points to the teacher, recording those points in the Teacher column of the T-chart.

The teacher also says The teacher also says, "Teacher scores five points; some students did not show [insert description of positive behavior or rule


pos e be a o o u enot being followed].

77



teacher:3. provides reinforcers or feedback. If, at the end of the Game, the

student team wins, the teacher praises their behaviors and supplies any earned reward. earned reward.

If the teacher wins, the instructor explains what student behaviors prevented their victory and discusses with them what goals they can set prevented their victory and discusses with them what goals they can set for improved behavior at the next Game session.



Teacher-Student Learning GameAdditi l C id ti I t i l G i th • Additional Considerations: In a typical Game session, the teacher is likely to make a total of 4 to 8 observations/point assignments assignments.

• If the Game is effective, students will typically win in approximately 80 percent of sessions (Nelson Benner & approximately 80 percent of sessions (Nelson, Benner, & Mooney, 2008).

• The Teacher-Student Learning Game can be used The Teacher Student Learning Game can be used intermittently. Typically, the instructor would use the Game more frequently in the first months of school and taper its use later in the year.

• Teachers are encouraged to use the Game whenever a group is


failing to follow classroom rules--even introducing the Game in the middle of a class period if needed.

79


The Color WheelThe Color Wheel



How To: Improve Classroom Management Th h Fl ibl R l Th C l Wh lThrough Flexible Rules: The Color Wheel

• The Color Wheel enforces uniform group g pexpectations for conduct and responds flexibly to the differing behavioral demands

fof diverse learning activities. • This classwide intervention divides all

ti iti i t 3 t i li ki h activities into 3 categories, linking each category to a color and behavioral rules:

green for free time/ low structure activities– green for free time/ low-structure activities– yellow for large- or small-group

instruction/independent work


instruction/independent work– red for brief transitions between activities.

81


How To: Improve Classroom Management Th h Fl ibl R l Th C l Wh l Through Flexible Rules: The Color Wheel (Cont.)



How To: Improve Classroom Management Th h Fl ibl R l Th C l Wh l

Color Wheel: Additional Considerations:

Through Flexible Rules: The Color Wheel (Cont.)

Color Wheel: Additional Considerations:1. Give advance warning. The instructor gives a 30-second

warning when the Color Wheel is about the change. (An g g (additional 2-minute warning may be added as well.)

2. Praise rule-following. The teacher frequently praises g q y pstudents for following posted behaviors. Classwide praise should be intermixed with praise to small groups and i di id l P i h ld b 'l b l d' l l d ibi individuals. Praise should be 'labeled', clearly describing the praise-worthy behaviors (e.g., "This reading group transitioned quickly and quietly to the math lesson Nice


transitioned quickly and quietly to the math lesson. Nice work!").

83


How To: Improve Classroom Management Th h Fl ibl R l Th C l Wh l

Color Wheel: Additional Considerations:

Through Flexible Rules: The Color Wheel (Cont.)

Color Wheel: Additional Considerations:3. Keep the Color Wheel 'red' periods short. Teachers

should keep students on the red phase only long enough p p y g gcomplete the transition to a new green or yellow activity (e.g., 3-5 minutes).

4. Do not use the 'red' Color Wheel setting as punishment. The rules for the red (transitions) Color Wheel condition

th t t i ti H t h h ld are the most restrictive. However, teachers should never set the classroom color condition to red to punish students for misbehavior as students may fail to comply with the


for misbehavior—as students may fail to comply with the red behavioral rules because they are seen as punitive.

84


Group Activity: Ways to Group Behavior Management G oup ct ty ays toManage Student Groups Ideas:

1. Zone Defense SystemAt your tables:• Consider the 4 ideas shared

h f i f

2. Good Behavior Game3. Teacher-Student Learning

here for managing groups of students. Discuss how you might use 1 or more of these

Game4. Color Wheelmight use 1 or more of these

approaches at your school or district.



Reward Menus How can teachers Reward Menus. How can teachers rapidly discover what ‘rewards’ (reinforcers) will motivate a (reinforcers) will motivate a student?



Tutorial: How to Conduct a Reinforcer Survey Cto Create a ‘Reward Menu’

1. The teacher collects a series of feasible classroom ideas for possible student reinforcers, writing each idea onto a separate index card. This serves as a master ‘reinforcerdeck’ that the teacher can reusedeck that the teacher can reuse.

2 The teacher meets with the student individually to review 2. The teacher meets with the student individually to review the reward ideas in the master reinforce deck. The student states whether he or she ‘likes’ each reinforce idea ‘a lot’ , ,‘a little’ or ‘not at all’ and the teacher sorts the reinforcercards accordingly into separate piles. The reinforce ideas


that the student selected as ‘liking a lot’ will be used to create a customized reinforcer menu for the student.

87


Tutorial: How to Conduct a Reinforcer Survey Cto Create a ‘Reward Menu’

3. Whenever the student meets teacher-established criteria to earn a reward, that student selects one from the reinforce menuthe reinforce menu.

4 If the reward menu appears to be losing its reinforcing 4. If the reward menu appears to be losing its reinforcing power, the teacher can repeat the steps above with the student to update and refresh the reward menu.p



Jackpot! Reward Finderhtt // i t ti t l /http://www.interventioncentral.org/tools/jackpot-reward-finder

The Jackpot Reward Finder is a The Jackpot Reward Finder is a collection of ideas for classroom rewards for both elementary and secondary levels. Teachers can put secondary levels. Teachers can put together their own individualized menus of rewards and even create reinforcer/reward surveys to review ywith students.



Filli B h i I t tiFilling Behavior Intervention-Plan ‘Buckets’. What are the 3 elements that are essential to behavior intervention plans for pindividual students?



The Secret Ingredients for Creating a Better

Behavior Intervention Plan (Online)Plan (Online)



Secret Ingredients for Creating a Better Behavior Intervention Plan: Antecedents, Positive

Consequences, and Extinction ProceduresTeachers will find that their chances of helping a student to engage in positive behaviors increase when they include each of these 3 elements in their classroom behavior intervention plans:

• Antecedents: Strategies to promote positive behaviors and prevent misbehaviorP iti R th t i • Positive consequences: Responses that increase positive/goal behaviorsE ti ti d R th t ti i h bl


• Extinction procedures: Responses that extinguish problem behaviors

92


1. Antecedents: Strategies to Promote Positive Behaviors & Prevent MisbehaviorTeachers have the greatest array of options to influence a Teachers have the greatest array of options to influence a student to engage in positive behaviors when they focus on antecedents: actions they take before the student behavior occurs.



Antecedents: Academic StrategiesEnsure Instructional Match (Burns, VanDerHeyden, & Boice, 2008). Student misbehavior frequently arises from , ) q yan inability to do the academic task. When the student lacks skills necessary for the academic task, the instructor teaches the necessary skill(s). Additional strategies include adjusting the immediate task to the student's current skill(s) and pairing the student with a helping peerthe student with a helping peer.



Antecedents: Academic StrategiesIncrease Opportunities to Respond (Partin et al., 2010). The teacher's goal is to capture positive student ) g p pbehaviors by structuring lessons and work assignments to require a high rate of opportunities to respond (OTRs).

An efficient way to boost OTRs classwide is through group responding (Haydon Borders Embury & Clarke 2009) responding (Haydon, Borders, Embury, & Clarke, 2009). Strategies for group response include choral responding; show of hands; pre-formatted response cards (e.g., with show of hands; pre formatted response cards (e.g., with YES and NO written on opposite faces of the card); and individual white boards.



Antecedents: Academic StrategiesOffer Choice Opportunities (Green, Mays, & Jolivette, 2011). Students find it motivating to have opportunities to ) g ppchoose how they structure or carry out their academic tasks.

Teachers can allow choice on any of a variety of dimensions of a classroom activity, such as where the activity takes place; who the child works with; what materials to work with (e.g., choosing a book from several options); when to begin

d th ti it h l t i th ti it or end the activity; or how long to engage in the activity.



Antecedents: Academic StrategiesProvide an Academic-Skills Checklist (Alter, Wyrick, Brown, & Lingo, 2008). When the student must apply , g , ) pp yseveral steps to complete a complex academic task, the teacher can give the student a checklist listing each step and instructions for completing it.

Before the activity the student is prompted to preview the Before the activity, the student is prompted to preview the checklist; after the activity, the student uses the checklist to review the work.review the work.



Antecedents: Academic StrategiesChunk Larger Assignments (Rosenshine, 2008). If the student balks when faced with a lengthy or time-g yconsuming assignment, the teacher can break the task into shorter, more manageable segments, or 'chunks'.

For example, an instructor might divide a 20-problem math computation sheet into 4 sections of five problems each. The student is directed to complete each problem-section, h k th k i t k th t h ' check the work against an answer key on the teacher's

desk, and then move on to the next five problems—repeating the sequence until the assignment is finished


repeating the sequence until the assignment is finished.

98


Antecedents: Academic StrategiesTrain in Fix-Up Skills (Rosenshine, 2008). During independent work, the student should know procedures to p , pfollow if stuck (e.g., cannot complete an item; does not understand a word in a reading passage).

The teacher creates a routine for the student in how to apply 'fix up' skills for independent assignments: e g "If I don't fix-up skills for independent assignments: e.g., If I don t understand what I have read, I should (1) reread the paragraph; (2) slow my reading;(3) focus my full attention on paragraph; (2) slow my reading;(3) focus my full attention on what I am reading; (4) underline any words that I do not know and try to figure them out from the reading"


(McCallum et al., 2010).

99


Antecedents: Academic StrategiesElicit a Student Outcome Goal (Martin et al., 2003). One tool to increase student motivation to perform an pacademic task is to have that student choose a specific, measurable outcome goal before starting that task.

At the end of the work session, the student compares the actual outcome to the previously selected goal to judge actual outcome to the previously selected goal to judge success. For example, a student about to begin a writing task may choose the goal of locating 3 primary sources for a task may choose the goal of locating 3 primary sources for a term paper. Or a student starting an in-class reading assignment might come up with two questions that he would


like to have answered from the reading.

100


Antecedents: Behavior StrategiesTeach Expected Behaviors (Fairbanks, Sugai, Guardino, & Lathrop, 2007). Students must be explicitly , p, ) p ytaught behavioral expectations before they can be held accountable for those behaviors.

The teacher should model positive behaviors, give students examples and non examples of appropriate behaviors to examples and non-examples of appropriate behaviors to clarify understanding, have students practice those behaviors with instructor feedback; and consistently behaviors with instructor feedback; and consistently acknowledge and praise students for successfully displaying positive behaviors.



Antecedents: Behavior StrategiesCreate a Checklist for Difficult Transitions (McCoy, Mathur, & Czoka, 2010). Students often struggle with the , , ) ggcomplexity of managing multi-step routines such as transitioning between classroom activities or moving to different locations within the school.

Teachers can assist by making up step by step checklists Teachers can assist by making up step-by-step checklists that 'walk' the student incrementally through the routine. Instructors can use these checklists as guides to teach and Instructors can use these checklists as guides to teach and measure student success in navigating transitions. Just as important, the student can use the checklist as a


prompt and guide to follow the expected steps.

102


Antecedents: Behavior StrategiesProvide Pre-Correction (De Pry & Sugai, 2002). Some students need a timely reminder of expected y pbehaviors just before transitioning into situations or settings in which problem behaviors tend to occur.

At this 'point of performance', the teacher gives the student a timely reminder of goal behaviors using such prompting timely reminder of goal behaviors, using such prompting strategies as stating goal behaviors, having the student preview a checklist of goal behaviors, asking the student to preview a checklist of goal behaviors, asking the student to describe goal behaviors; or praising another student for demonstrating goal behaviors.



Antecedents: Behavior StrategiesEmphasize the Positive in Teacher Requests(Braithwaite, 2000). Non-compliant students have a pattern ( , ) p pof ignoring or defying teacher requests.

However, instructors can increase the likelihood of student compliance by stating their requests in positive terms (e.g., "John I can help you just as soon as you are back in your John, I can help you just as soon as you are back in your seat") rather than in negative terms (e.g., "John, I can't help you unless you are sitting in your seat").you unless you are sitting in your seat ).



Antecedents: Behavior StrategiesSelect a Student Reward in Advance (De Pry & Sugai, 2002). Just as the student is about to enter a challenging ) g gsituation or setting in which he or she will need to show appropriate behaviors, the instructor reminds the student of the behavioral expectations and has the student select a possible reward from a menu.

The student is later given that reward if behaviors were appropriate.appropriate.



Antecedents: Behavior StrategiesTeach Appropriate Ways to Request a Work Break (Majeika et al., 2011). Sometimes misbehavior is an attempt ( j , ) pby the student to engineer a break from an academic task. The teacher can choose an alternative method for the student to use to communicate that he or she would like a brief break, such as requesting that break verbally or pulling out a color coded break card out a color-coded break card.

Of course, the student will also require clear guidelines on Of course, the student will also require clear guidelines on how long the requested break will last and what activities are acceptable for the student to engage


in during that break.

106


Antecedents: Behavior StrategiesSay 'No' With Preferred Alternative (Mace, Pratt, Prager, & Pritchard, 2011). For students who will not take ‘no’ for an answer, the teacher can use the 'no with preferred alternative' strategy. The teacher prepares by

ki li t f ti iti it f d b th t d t making a list of activities or items preferred by the student that are allowed during that academic situation or setting. Whenever the student requests an item or activity that is not Whenever the student requests an item or activity that is not allowed, the teacher (1) tells the student that he or she cannot access the desired activity or item; (2) provides an y ; ( ) pexplanation of why the requested item or activity is off-limits; and (3) immediately offers the student


one or more items or activities from the ‘allowed’ activity/item list.

107


2. Positive Consequences: Responses That Increase Positive/Goal Behaviors

Consequences are those events following a student behavior Consequences are those events following a student behavior that make it more or less likely that the behavior will occur in the future.

This section looks at positive consequences, ideas that t h t i f th t d t f b i t k teachers can use to reinforce the student for being on-task and showing pro-social behaviors.



Positive ConsequencesDeliver Prompt Performance Feedback(Conroy et al., 2009). When students receive timely ( y , ) yfeedback about their academic performance, this information can reinforce academic behavior and reduce misbehavior.

Instructional feedback comes in many forms: e.g., teacher oral or written feedback; class discussion and review of an oral or written feedback; class discussion and review of an assignment; oral feedback from class peers; student self-directed completion of a rubric or problem-solving checklist directed completion of a rubric or problem solving checklist during an independent assignment.



Positive ConsequencesPraise Student Behaviors (Kern & Clemens, N2007). Research suggests that teacher praise is one of the most gg ppowerful--yet underused-- of classroom management tools.

When a student, group, or class displays an appropriate pro-social or pro-academic behavior, the teacher reinforces that behavior with a targeted praise statement containing two behavior with a targeted praise statement containing two elements: (1) a specific description of the praiseworthy behavior, and (2) an expression of teacher approval (e.g., behavior, and (2) an expression of teacher approval (e.g., "You worked for the full independent-work period. Nice job!"; "I really appreciate the way that our student groups stayed


on-task and completed their entire assignment.").

110


Positive ConsequencesGive Scheduled Attention to Positive Behaviors(Austin & Soeda, 2008). One strategy to increase positive behaviors is to 'catch the student being good' with regular doses of 'scheduled attention': (1) The teacher decides on a fi d i t l h d l t id tt ti ( 8 fixed-interval schedule to provide attention (e.g., every 8 minutes); (2) At each interval, the teacher observes the student; (3) If the student is engaged in appropriate student; (3) If the student is engaged in appropriate behaviors at that moment, the teacher provides a dose of positive attention (e.g., verbal praise; non-verbal praise such p ( g p pas thumbs-up; brief positive conversation; encouragement).

If th t d t i ff t k th t h b i fl di t th


If the student is off-task, the teacher briefly redirects the student to task and returns immediately to instruction.

111


Positive ConsequencesProvide Escape Breaks (Waller & Higbee, 2010). The teacher can manage a student who uses disruptive behavior to escape or avoid academic work by disruptive behavior to escape or avoid academic work by scheduling 'non-contingent escape breaks'. First the teacher selects a reasonable work interval for the First the teacher selects a reasonable work interval for the student-- this should be an interval slightly shorter than the average amount of time that student currently will work g ybefore misbehaving (e.g. 5 minutes). Next, the teacher decides how long the brief 'escape break' , g pwill last (e.g., 2 minutes). Finally, the teacher identifies motivating activities that the student can engage in during

(


escape breaks (e.g., coloring; playing a math application on a computer tablet).

112


Positive ConsequencesProvide Escape Breaks (Cont.) (Waller & Higbee, 2010). When the intervention is in effect, the teacher directs the student to begin work and starts a timer. Wh th t d t' k i t l i d th t h di t When the student's work interval is done, the teacher directs that student to take a break and again starts the timer. Wh th b k i th t d t i di t d t When the break is up, the student is directed to resume work. This process repeats until the work period is over This process repeats until the work period is over. As the student's behaviors improve, the teacher gradually lengthens the work periods until the student can remain


lengthens the work periods until the student can remain academically engaged for as long as typical peers.

113


3. Extinction Procedures: Responses That Extinguish Problem Behaviors

Extinction means the removal of the reinforcing Extinction means the removal of the reinforcing consequences of behaviors to erase an individual's motivation to engage in those behaviors. In effect, extinction procedures 'cut off the oxygen' to problem behaviors.

A li it ti ti l i ti l t f t t d t An explicit extinction plan is an essential part of most student behavior plans (Hester et al., 2009)--because without extinction procedures educators are far too likely accidentally extinction procedures, educators are far too likely accidentally to continue reinforcing the very behaviors they are trying to eliminate.



Extinction ProceduresRedirect the Student (Dhaem, 2012; Simonsen et al., 2008). When the teacher observes the student begin to ) gengage in problem behaviors, the instructor redirects that student back to task, either verbally (e.g., "Tom, stop talking and start your assignment") or non-verbally (e.g., giving that student a significant look and negative head shake).

Redirects should be brief and calm in tone. NOTE: Teachers can also redirect without distracting the class by using can also redirect without distracting the class by using 'tweets'--brief behavioral reminders written on post-it notes and placed on the student's desk.



Extinction ProceduresUse If/Then Statements to Shift to Positive Behaviors (Majeika et al., 2011). When the student is ( j , )engaging in a problem behavior, the teacher can use an 'if/then' statement to prompt that student to engage in the appropriate replacement behavior.

For example if a student is out of seat without permission For example, if a student is out of seat without permission, the teacher says, "Shelly, if you return to your seat, then I will come over and answer your question." Of course, when will come over and answer your question. Of course, when the student responds by displaying the positive behavior, the teacher follows through with the promised action and


praises that student for compliance.

116


Extinction ProceduresShut Off Attention Through Planned Ignoring(Colvin, 2009). In planned ignoring, the instructor withholds ( , ) p g g,attention when the student engages in the problem behavior. Ignoring problem behavior can remove the source of its reinforcement and thus help to extinguish it.

Planned ignoring alone is seldom successful But the Planned ignoring alone is seldom successful. But the tandem efforts of (1) removing teacher attention from misbehavior (planned ignoring) while (2) rechanneling that misbehavior (planned ignoring) while (2) rechanneling that attention toward positive behaviors is one of the most effective behavior management combinations available.



Extinction ProceduresPraise Peers for On-Task Behavior (Majeika et al., 2011). Teacher approval can be a powerful motivator . ) pp p

The teacher can capitalize on this fact by publicly praising on-task peers sitting near the target (misbehaving) student. When the target student then engages in academic work, the teacher makes sure to praise that student as wellthe teacher makes sure to praise that student as well.



Extinction ProceduresAddress Misbehavior With Response Cost(DuPaul & Stoner, 2002). Response cost is a strategy in ( , ) p gywhich the teacher assigns an incentive (e.g., points, tokens, or classroom privileges such as free time) to the student at the start of the session.

Each time that the student misbehaves during the session Each time that the student misbehaves during the session, that student loses a point, token, or increment of privilege (e.g., losing 5 minutes of free time). At the end of the (e.g., losing 5 minutes of free time). At the end of the session, the student is awarded any points, tokens, or privileges that remain.



Extinction ProceduresMove the Student's Seat (US Department of Education, 2004). When the student's problem behaviors , ) pare triggered or supported by factors in the environment--such as a talkative peer or difficulty hearing or seeing the instructor--the teacher may choose to move the student to another, less-distracting location in the classroom.

A good option is to seat the student within the teacher's 'action zone', close to the instructor and in the region of the action zone , close to the instructor and in the region of the room toward which that educator directs most instruction.



Activity: Filling Behavior Intervention Plan ‘Buckets’

I Secret Ingredients: 3 Buckets

In your groups:• Brainstorm ideas for

using this teacher

Teachers can include each of these 3 elements in their classroom behavior intervention plans: using this teacher

‘organizer’ to help classroom staff to

behavior intervention plans: • Antecedents: Strategies to

promote positive behaviors d i b h iclassroom staff to

develop and implement effective behavior

and prevent misbehavior• Positive consequences:

Responses that increase intervention plans.

Responses that increase positive/goal behaviors

• Extinction procedures: Responses


that extinguish problem behaviors


The Strong Classroom Behavior Manager: A Mosaicg

Key Principles of Behavior Management

Proactive Classwide Management Skills

Individual Classroom Group Management Strategies

Behavior Intervention Plans



Activity: ‘Next Steps’ Planning

• Discuss the information about group and • Discuss the information about group and individual behavioral interventions discussed at today’s workshop

• Come up with a plan to use 2 3 key • Come up with a plan to use 2-3 key workshop ideas, strategies, or tools immediately in your classroom or school.

• Be prepared to report out!www.interventioncentral.org

• Be prepared to report out!123

Documents

RTI and the Teacher as 'First Responder': Tools for ... · Response to Intervention RTI and the Teacher as 'First Responder': Tools for Classroom Intervention Jim Wright