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8/14/2019 {\Rtf1\Ansi\Ansicpg1252\Uc0\Deff0{\Fonttbl {\f0\Fswiss\Fcharset0\Fprq2 Arial;} {\f1\Froman\Fcharset0\Fprq2 Tim

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{\s19\fi-567\li567\ri567\sb120\tqr\tx8505\tqr\tx9072\f1\fs22\sbasedon0 question;}{\s20\fi-567\li1134\ri567\sb120\tqr\tx8505\tqr\tx9072\f1\fs22\sbasedon0 indent1;}{\s21\fi-567\li1701\ri567\sb120\tqr\tx8505\tqr\tx9072\f1\fs22\sbasedon0 indent2;}{\s22\fi-1134\li1701\ri567\sb120\tx1134\tqr\tx8505\tqr\tx9072\f1\fs22\sbasedon0indent1(a);}{\s23\qr\tqr\tx9639\f0\fs20\b\sbasedon0 mark;}{\s24\fi-567\li2268\ri567\sb120\tqr\tx8505\tqr\tx9072\f1\fs22\sbasedon0 indent3;}{\s25\fi-567\li567\ri567\sb120\tqr\tx8505\tqr\tx9072\f1\fs22\sbasedon0 question Char;}{\s26\fi-1701\li1701\ri567\sb120\tx567\tx1134\tqr\tx8505\tqr\tx9072\f1\fs22\sbasedon0question(a)(i);}}{\*\generator TX_RTF32 10.1.322.500;}\deftab1134\paperw11906\paperh16838\margl1134\margt1134\margr1134\margb1134\pgbrdrh

ead\pgbrdrfoot\sectd\footery720{\footer\pard\tqr\tx9638\plain\f0\fs18\i KeswickSchool\tab{\txfielddef{\*\txfieldstart\txfieldtype3\txfieldflags0}{\*\txfielddatadef\txfielddatatype3\txfielddata 00030001}{\*\txfieldtext\plain\f0\fs18\i }{\field{\*\fldinst {\plain\f0\fs18\i PAGE }}{\fldrslt{\plain\f0\fs18\i 1}}}}\par}\pard\s17\fi-1134\li1134\ri567\sb120\tx567\tx1134\tqr\tx8505\tqr\tx9071\plain\f1\fs22\b1.\plain\f1\fs22\tab (a)\tab 40 + 12 + (3 \loch\f1\hich\f1 \'d716)\plain\f1\fs22\b\tab\plain\f1\fs22 2\line =100\par\pard\s18\li2268\ri1701\sb120\tx2268\tx2693\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\tx10800\plain\f1\fs22\i each for 1mark\par\pard\s20\fi-567\li1134\ri567\sb120\tx1134\tqr\tx8505\tqr\tx9071\plain\f1\fs22

\par\pard\s20\fi-567\li1134\ri567\sb120\tx1134\tqr\tx8505\tqr\tx9071\plain\f1\fs22(b)\tab M\plain\f1\fs16\dn4 r\plain\f1\fs22 of CaO =56\plain\f1\fs22\b\tab\plain\f1\fs224\par\pard\s18\li2268\ri1701\sb120\tx2268\tx2693\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\tx10800\plain\f1\fs22\i for 1mark\par\pard\s21\fi-567\li1701\ri567\sb120\tx1701\tqr\tx8505\tqr\tx9071\plain\f1\fs22 mass required =60 \loch\f1\hich\f1 \'d7100/56\par\pard\s18\li2268\ri1701\sb120\tx2268\tx2693\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\tx10800\plain\f1\fs22\i for 2marks\par\pard\s21\fi-567\li1701\ri567\sb120\tx1701\tqr\tx8505\tqr\tx9071\plain\f1\fs22 =107.1\par\pard\s18\li2268\ri1701\sb120\tx2268\tx2693\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\t

x5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\tx10800\plain\f1\fs22\i for 1mark\par\pard\s22\fi-1134\li1701\ri567\sb120\tx1134\tx1701\tqr\tx8505\tqr\tx9071\plain\f1\fs22\par\pard\s22\fi-1134\li1701\ri567\sb120\tx1134\tx1701\tqr\tx8505\tqr\tx9071\plain\f1\fs22 (c)\tab(i)\tab calcium hydroxide\plain\f1\fs22\b\tab\plain\f1\fs22 1\par\pard\s21\fi-567\li1701\ri567\sb120\tx1701\tqr\tx8505\tqr\tx9071\plain\f1\fs22 (ii)\tabsolid\plain\f1\fs22\b\tab\plain\f1\fs221\par\pard\s23\qr\tqr\tx9072\tqr\tx9638\plain\f0\fs20\b [8]\par\pard\s19\fi-567\li567\ri567\sb120\tx567\tqr\tx8505\tqr\tx9071\plain\f1\fs22\par\pard\s17\fi-1134\li1134\ri567\sb120\tx567\tx1134\tqc\tx1985\tqc\tx3402\tqc\tx4536\tqr\tx8505\t


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qr\tx9071\plain\f1\fs22\b \par\pard\s17\fi-1134\li1134\ri567\sb120\tx567\tx1134\tqc\tx1985\tqc\tx3402\tqc\tx4536\tqr\tx8505\tqr\tx9071 2.\plain\f1\fs22\tab (a)\tab\tab C\tab H\tab O\par\pard\s20\fi-567\li1134\ri567\sb120\tx1134\tqc\tx1985\tqc\tx3402\tqc\tx4536\tqr\tx8505\tqr\tx9071\plain\f1\fs22\tab\tab\plain\f1\fs22\ul 0.60\plain\f1\fs22\tab\plain\f1\fs22\ul0.15\plain\f1\fs22\tab\plain\f1\fs22\ul 0.40\plain\f1\fs22\tab 1\par\pard\s20\fi-567\li1134\ri567\sb120\tx1134\tqc\tx1985\tqc\tx3402\tqc\tx4536\tqr\tx8505\tqr\tx9071\tab\tab 12\tab 1\tab 16\par\pard\s20\fi-

567\li1134\ri567\sb120\tx1134\tqc\tx1985\tqc\tx3402\tqc\tx4536\tqr\tx8505\tqr\tx9071\tab\tab = 0.05\tab = 0.15\tab = 0.025\tab 1\par\pard\s20\fi-567\li1134\ri567\sb120\tx1134\tqc\tx1985\tqc\tx3402\tqc\tx4536\tqr\tx8505\tqr\tx9071\tab\tab 2\tab 6\tab 1\tab 1\par\pard\s20\fi-567\li1134\ri567\sb120\tx1134\tqc\tx1985\tqc\tx3402\tqc\tx4536\tqr\tx8505\tqr\tx9071\tab\tab\tab C\plain\f1\fs16\dn4 2\plain\f1\fs22 H\plain\f1\fs16\dn46\plain\f1\fs22 O\tab\tab1\par\pard\s18\li2268\ri1701\sb120\tx2268\tx2693\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\tx10800\plain\f1\fs22\b\i 1\plain\f1\fs22\i mark for dividing the correct amount or multiples of correctamount by A\plain\f1\fs16\i\dn4 r\plain\f1\fs22\i\par\plain\f1\fs22\b\i 1\plain\f1\fs22\i mark for proportions\par\plain\f1\fs22\b\i 1 \plain\f1\fs22\imark for whole number ratio \loch\f1\hich\f1 \'96 accept any

multiple\par\plain\f1\fs22\b\i 1 \plain\f1\fs22\i mark for correctly writtensimplest formula\par correct formula without working gets only \plain\f1\fs22\b\i2 \plain\f1\fs22\i marks\par correct formula gains full marks\line provided steps1 and 2 are correct.\par ecf can be allowed from step 2 to 3 \plain\f1\fs22\b\i or\plain\f1\fs22\i step 3 to 4\par formula can be in any order egOH\plain\f1\fs16\i\dn4 6\plain\f1\fs22\i C\plain\f1\fs16\i\dn42\plain\f1\fs22\i\par\pard\s20\fi-567\li1134\ri567\sb120\tx1134\tqr\tx8505\tqr\tx9071\plain\f1\fs22\page\par\pard\s20\fi-567\li1134\ri567\sb120\tx1134\tqr\tx8505\tqr\tx9071\plain\f1\fs22(b)\tab\plain\f1\fs22\ul intermolecular\plain\f1\fs22 forces / bonds\tab1\par\pard\s20\fi-567\li1134\ri567\sb120\tx1134\tqr\tx8505\tqr\tx9071\tab areweak\tab1\par\pard\s18\li2268\ri1701\sb120\tx2268\tx2693\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx576

0\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\tx10800\plain\f1\fs22\i (covalent)bonds are weak = 0\par\pard\s20\fi-567\li1134\ri567\sb120\tx1134\tqr\tx8505\tqr\tx9071\plain\f1\fs22\tab\plain\f1\fs22\b or\par\pard\s20\fi-567\li1134\ri567\sb120\tx1134\tqr\tx8505\tqr\tx9071\plain\f1\fs22\tab forces\plain\f1\fs22\ul between molecules\plain\f1\fs22 \plain\f1\fs22\b or\plain\f1\fs22\ul bonds between molecules\plain\f1\fs22(1)\par\pard\s18\li2268\ri1701\sb120\tx2268\tx2693\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\tx10800\plain\f1\fs22\i(attractive) forces are weak = 1\par\pard\s20\fi-567\li1134\ri567\sb120\tx1134\tqr\tx8505\tqr\tx9071\plain\f1\fs22\tab are weak(1)\par\pard\s18\li2268\ri1701\sb120\tx2268\tx2693\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\tx10800\plain\f1\fs22\i if no marks

awarded, allow low boiling point \plain\f1\fs22\b\i or \plain\f1\fs22\i smallM\plain\f1\fs16\i\dn4 r\plain\f1\fs22\i for \plain\f1\fs22\b\i 1 \plain\f1\fs22\imark\par\pard\s22\fi-1134\li1701\ri567\sb120\tx1134\tx1701\tqr\tx8505\tqr\tx9071\plain\f1\fs22\par\pard\s22\fi-1134\li1701\ri567\sb120\tx1134\tx1701\tqr\tx8505\tqr\tx9071\plain\f1\fs22 (c)\tab(i)\tab to check the safety of the perfume (owtte)\tab1\par\pard\s18\li2268\ri1701\sb120\tx2268\tx2693\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\tx10800\plain\f1\fs22\i acceptreferences to possible harmful / dangerous effects of perfume \plain\f1\fs22\b\ior \plain\f1\fs22\i possible reactions on skin\par eg to show it does not damage


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skin / cause cancer etc.\par allow to see what it smells like \plain\f1\fs22\i\ulon the skin\plain\f1\fs22\i\par allow so the company do not have to test onanimals\par\pard\s21\fi-567\li1701\ri567\sb120\tx1701\tqr\tx8505\tqr\tx9071\plain\f1\fs22\page\par\pard\s21\fi-567\li1701\ri567\sb120\tx1701\tqr\tx8505\tqr\tx9071\plain\f1\fs22 (ii)\tabany \plain\f1\fs22\b two \plain\f1\fs22 from:\par\pard\s21\fi-567\li1701\ri567\sb120\tx1701\tqr\tx8505\tqr\tx9071\tab idea from text\plain\f1\fs22\b linked with \plain\f1\fs22 an explanation\par\pard\s24\fi-

567\li2268\ri567\sb120\tx2268\tqr\tx8505\tqr\tx9071\plain\f1\fs22\loch\f1\hich\f1\'95\tab the company claim to have tested the product:\line but we cannot becertain they have \plain\f1\fs22\b or \plain\f1\fs22 how thorough they\line are\plain\f1\fs22\b or \plain\f1\fs22 how accurately reported\par\pard\s24\fi-567\li2268\ri567\sb120\tx2268\tqr\tx8505\tqr\tx9071\loch\f1\hich\f1 \'95\tabcompanies did not disclose how they did their tests:\line so they could not bechecked \plain\f1\fs22\b or \plain\f1\fs22 so they could not be\line shown to bereliable / valid \plain\f1\fs22\b or \plain\f1\fs22 so they could not berepeated\par\pard\s18\li2268\ri1701\sb120\tx2268\tx2693\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\tx10800\plain\f1\fs22\i orconverse\line eg companies should disclose how they did their tests so thatresults can be checked etc.\par\pard\s24\fi-567\li2268\ri567\sb120\tx2268\tqr\tx8505\tqr\tx9071\plain\f1\fs22\loch\f1\hich\f1

\'95\tab companies may not have repeated their tests:\line so they may not bereliable\par\pard\s24\fi-567\li2268\ri567\sb120\tx2268\tqr\tx8505\tqr\tx9071 \'95\tab companies do theirown tests:\line so they may be biased \plain\f1\fs22\b or \plain\f1\fs22 so theymay not be truthful\line about their results \plain\f1\fs22\b or \plain\f1\fs22 sothey may not bereliable\par\pard\s18\li2268\ri1701\sb120\tx2268\tx2693\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\tx10800\plain\f1\fs22\i orconverse\line eg independent tests should be done so as to ensure there is no biasetc.\par\pard\s24\fi-567\li2268\ri567\sb120\tx2268\tqr\tx8505\tqr\tx9071\plain\f1\fs22\loch\f1\hich\f1\'95\tab the companies are using different tests:\line so the results cannot becompared \plain\f1\fs22\b or \plain\f1\fs22 so results will be\line different

\plain\f1\fs22\b or \plain\f1\fs22 so results will not be fair / valid /reliable\par\pard\s18\li2268\ri1701\sb120\tx2268\tx2693\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\tx10800\plain\f1\fs22\i orconverse\line eg companies should do the same tests so that the results will befair etc.\par\pard\s24\fi-567\li2268\ri567\sb120\tx2268\tqr\tx8505\tqr\tx9071\plain\f1\fs22\loch\f1\hich\f1\'95\tab companies would not give false information because of\line damage toreputation \plain\f1\fs22\b or \plain\f1\fs22 it might lead to litigation\tab2\par\pard\s23\qr\tqr\tx9638\plain\f0\fs20\b [9]\par\pard\s19\fi-567\li567\ri567\sb120\tx567\tqr\tx8505\tqr\tx9071\plain\f1\fs22\par\pard\s17\fi-1134\li1134\ri567\sb120\tx567\tx1134\tqr\tx8505\tqr\tx9071\plain\f1\fs22\b\par\pard\s17\fi-1134\li1134\ri567\sb120\tx567\tx1134\tqr\tx8505\tqr\tx90713.\plain\f1\fs22\tab (a)\tab fewer product molecules than reactant molecules

(owtte) \plain\f1\fs22\b or\plain\f1\fs22\tab1\par\pard\s18\li2268\ri1701\sb120\tx2268\tx2693\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\tx10800\plain\f1\fs22\i acceptforward reaction produces fewer molecules\par accept left hand side for reactantsand right hand side for products\par\pard\s20\fi-567\li1134\ri567\sb120\tx1134\tqr\tx8505\tqr\tx9071\plain\f1\fs22\tab3 reactant molecules and 1 product\line\plain\f1\fs22\b or \plain\f1\fs22 3volumes of gas becomes 1 volume ofgas\par\pard\s18\li2268\ri1701\sb120\tx2268\tx2693\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\tx10800\plain\f1\fs22\i accept highpressure favours the side with fewer molecules\par ignore references to reaction


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rate\par\pard\s20\fi-567\li1134\ri567\sb120\tx1134\tqr\tx8505\tqr\tx9071\plain\f1\fs22\page\par\pard\s20\fi-567\li1134\ri567\sb120\tx1134\tqr\tx8505\tqr\tx9071\plain\f1\fs22 (b)\tab any\plain\f1\fs22\b three \plain\f1\fs22 from:\tab 3\par\pard\s21\fi-567\li1701\ri567\sb120\tx1701\tqr\tx8505\tqr\tx9071\plain\f1\fs22\loch\f1\hich\f1\'95\tab low temperature gives bestyield\par\pard\s18\li2268\ri1701\sb120\tx2268\tx2693\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\tx10800\plain\f1\fs22\i accept

\plain\f1\fs22\i\ul add\plain\f1\fs22\i heat as increased temperature\plain\f1\fs22\b\i or \plain\f1\fs22\i\loch\f1\hich\f1 \'91less\'92 as pooryield\par\pard\s21\fi-567\li1701\ri567\sb120\tx1701\tqr\tx8505\tqr\tx9071\plain\f1\fs22\tab\plain\f1\fs22\b or \plain\f1\fs22 high temperature gives poor yield\par\pard\s21\fi-567\li1701\ri567\sb120\tx1701\tqr\tx8505\tqr\tx9071\loch\f1\hich\f1 \'95\tabbecause the reaction isexothermic\par\pard\s18\li2268\ri1701\sb120\tx2268\tx2693\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\tx10800\plain\f1\fs22\iaccept reverse argument if clearly expressed\par\pard\s21\fi-567\li1701\ri567\sb120\tx1701\tqr\tx8505\tqr\tx9071\plain\f1\fs22\loch\f1\hich\f1\'95\tab reaction too slow at low temperature\line\plain\f1\fs22\b or\plain\f1\fs22 reaction faster at high

temperature\par\pard\s18\li2268\ri1701\sb120\tx2268\tx2693\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\tx10800\plain\f1\fs22\iaccept \plain\f1\fs22\i\ul add\plain\f1\fs22\i heat and reaction goesfaster\par\pard\s21\fi-567\li1701\ri567\sb120\tx1701\tqr\tx8505\tqr\tx9071\plain\f1\fs22\loch\f1\hich\f1\'95\tab temperature used gives a reasonable yield\line at a fast rate /compromiseexplained\par\pard\s18\li2268\ri1701\sb120\tx2268\tx2693\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\tx10800\plain\f1\fs22\i allowget less product but it takes less time\line for \plain\f1\fs22\b\i 2\plain\f1\fs22\i marks\par\pard\s23\qr\tqr\tx9638\plain\f0\fs20\b[4]\par\pard\s19\fi-567\li567\ri567\sb120\tx567\tqr\tx8505\tqr\tx9071\plain\f1\fs22\par\pard\s17\fi-

1134\li1134\ri567\sb120\tx567\tx1134\tqr\tx8505\tqr\tx9071\plain\f1\fs22\b\par\pard\s17\fi-1134\li1134\ri567\sb120\tx567\tx1134\tqr\tx8505\tqr\tx90714.\plain\f1\fs22\tab (a)\tab 2.61 / range 2.5 to 2.7\tab2\par\pard\s18\li2268\ri1701\sb120\tx2268\tx2693\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\tx10800\plain\f1\fs22\i correctanswer with \plain\f1\fs22\b\i or \plain\f1\fs22\i without \plain\f1\fs22\b\ior \plain\f1\fs22\i with wrong working gains \plain\f1\fs22\b\i 2 \plain\f1\fs22\imarks\par (accept answers between 2.5 and 2.7)\par if answer incorrect moles ofsalicylic acid = 2/138 = 0.0145 moles\line ie 2/138 \plain\f1\fs22\b\i or\plain\f1\fs22\i 0.0145 gains \plain\f1\fs22\b\i 1 \plain\f1\fs22\imark\line\plain\f1\fs22\b\i or\line\plain\f1\fs22\i (180/138)\loch\f1\hich\f1 \'d7 2 gains \plain\f1\fs22\b\i 1 \plain\f1\fs22\imark\line\plain\f1\fs22\b\i or\line\plain\f1\fs22\i 1 g \loch\f1\hich\f1\u8594

180/138 = (1.304 g) gains \plain\f1\fs22\b\i 1 \plain\f1\fs22\i mark\line(\plain\f1\fs22\b\i not \plain\f1\fs22\i 1.304g alone)\par\pard\s20\fi-567\li1134\ri567\sb120\tx1134\tqr\tx8505\tqr\tx9071\plain\f1\fs22\page\par\pard\s20\fi-567\li1134\ri567\sb120\tx1134\tqr\tx8505\tqr\tx9071\plain\f1\fs22 (b)\tab42.1 range 40.7 to 42.3\tab2\par\pard\s18\li2268\ri1701\sb120\tx2268\tx2693\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\tx10800\plain\f1\fs22\i acceptcorrect answer with \plain\f1\fs22\b\i or \plain\f1\fs22\i without\plain\f1\fs22\b\i or \plain\f1\fs22\i with wrong working for \plain\f1\fs22\b\i 2\plain\f1\fs22\i marks\par ecf ie (1.1 / their answer from (a))\loch\f1\hich\f1 \'d7 100 correctly calculated gains \plain\f1\fs22\b\i 2


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\plain\f1\fs22\i marks\par if answer incorrect percentage yield = 1.1 / 2.61\loch\f1\hich\f1 \'d7 100 gains \plain\f1\fs22\b\i 1 \plain\f1\fs22\imark\par\pard\s20\fi-567\li1134\ri567\sb120\tx1134\tqr\tx8505\tqr\tx9071\plain\f1\fs22\tab if they donot have an answer to part (a)\line\plain\f1\fs22\b or\line\plain\f1\fs22 theychoose not to use their answer then:\plain\f1\fs22\b\par\pard\s21\fi-567\li1701\ri567\sb120\tx1701\tqr\tx8505\tqr\tx9071\plain\f1\fs22\loch\f1\hich\f1\'95\tab yield = (1.1 / 2.5) \'d7 100 (1)\par\pard\s21\fi-

567\li1701\ri567\sb120\tx1701\tqr\tx8505\tqr\tx9071 \'95\tab =44\par\pard\s18\li2268\ri1701\sb120\tx2268\tx2693\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\tx10800\plain\f1\fs22\i accept 44for \plain\f1\fs22\b\i 2 \plain\f1\fs22\i marks with no working\par\pard\s20\fi-567\li1134\ri567\sb120\tx1134\tqr\tx8505\tqr\tx9071\plain\f1\fs22\par\pard\s20\fi-567\li1134\ri567\sb120\tx1134\tqr\tx8505\tqr\tx9071\plain\f1\fs22(c)\tab any \plain\f1\fs22\b one \plain\f1\fs22 from:\tab 1\par\pard\s21\fi-567\li1701\ri567\sb120\tx1701\tqr\tx8505\tqr\tx9071\plain\f1\fs22\loch\f1\hich\f1\'95\tab errors in weighing\par\pard\s21\fi-567\li1701\ri567\sb120\tx1701\tqr\tx8505\tqr\tx9071 \'95\tab some (of the aspirin)lost\par\pard\s18\li2268\ri1701\sb120\tx2268\tx2693\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\tx10800\plain\f1\fs22\i do\plain\f1\fs22\b\i not \plain\f1\fs22\i allow \loch\f1\hich\f1 \'91lost as a

gas\'92\par\pard\s21\fi-567\li1701\ri567\sb120\tx1701\tqr\tx8505\tqr\tx9071\plain\f1\fs22\loch\f1\hich\f1\'95\tab not all of the reactant may have been converted toproduct\par\pard\s18\li2268\ri1701\sb120\tx2268\tx2693\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\tx10800\plain\f1\fs22\i egreaction didn\loch\f1\hich\f1 \'92t go to completion\par allow loss of somereactants\par\pard\s21\fi-567\li1701\ri567\sb120\tx1701\tqr\tx8505\tqr\tx9071\plain\f1\fs22\loch\f1\hich\f1\'95\tab the reaction isreversible\par\pard\s18\li2268\ri1701\sb120\tx2268\tx2693\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\tx10800\plain\f1\fs22\iaccept other products / chemicals\par\pard\s21\fi-567\li1701\ri567\sb120\tx1701\tqr\tx8505\tqr\tx9071\plain\f1\fs22\loch\f1\hich\f1

\'95\tab sidereactions\par\pard\s18\li2268\ri1701\sb120\tx2268\tx2693\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\tx10800\plain\f1\fs22\iignore waste products\par\pard\s21\fi-567\li1701\ri567\sb120\tx1701\tqr\tx8505\tqr\tx9071\plain\f1\fs22\loch\f1\hich\f1\'95\tab reactants impure\par\pard\s21\fi-567\li1701\ri567\sb120\tx1701\tqr\tx8505\tqr\tx9071 \'95\tab not heated for longenough\par\pard\s21\fi-567\li1701\ri567\sb120\tx1701\tqr\tx8505\tqr\tx9071 \'95\tab not hot enough forreaction to take place\par\pard\s20\fi-567\li1134\ri567\sb120\tx1134\tqr\tx8505\tqr\tx9071\plain\f1\fs22\page\par\pard\s20\fi-567\li1134\ri567\sb120\tx1134\tqr\tx8505\tqr\tx9071\plain\f1\fs22 (d)\tab any\plain\f1\fs22\b one \plain\f1\fs22 from:\tab 1\par\pard\s21\fi-

567\li1701\ri567\sb120\tx1701\tqr\tx8505\tqr\tx9071\plain\f1\fs22\loch\f1\hich\f1\'95\tab use lower temperature\par\pard\s21\fi-567\li1701\ri567\sb120\tx1701\tqr\tx8505\tqr\tx9071 \'95\tab use less fuel /energy\par\pard\s18\li2268\ri1701\sb120\tx2268\tx2693\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\tx10800\plain\f1\fs22\i ignorereferences to use of catalyst\par\pard\s21\fi-567\li1701\ri567\sb120\tx1701\tqr\tx8505\tqr\tx9071\plain\f1\fs22\loch\f1\hich\f1\'95\tab produce product faster \plain\f1\fs22\b or \plain\f1\fs22 speed upreaction\par\pard\s21\fi-567\li1701\ri567\sb120\tx1701\tqr\tx8505\tqr\tx9071\loch\f1\hich\f1 \'95\tab moreproduct produced in a given time (owtte)\par\pard\s21\fi-


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567\li1701\ri567\sb120\tx1701\tqr\tx8505\tqr\tx9071 \'95\tab increasedproductivity\par\pard\s21\fi-567\li1701\ri567\sb120\tx1701\tqr\tx8505\tqr\tx9071 \'95\tab lowers activationenergy\par\pard\s23\qr\tqr\tx9638\plain\f0\fs20\b [6]\par\pard\s19\fi-567\li567\ri567\sb120\tx567\tqr\tx8505\tqr\tx9071\plain\f1\fs22\par\pard\s17\fi-1134\li1134\ri567\sb120\tx567\tx1134\tqr\tx8505\tqr\tx9071\plain\f1\fs22\b\par\pard\s17\fi-1134\li1134\ri567\sb120\tx567\tx1134\tqr\tx8505\tqr\tx90715.\plain\f1\fs22\tab

(a)\tab\par\pard\s18\li2268\ri1701\sb120\tx2268\tx2693\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\tx10800\plain\f1\fs22\b\i2\plain\f1\fs22\i marks for comments related to temperature\par\pard\s20\fi-567\li1134\ri567\sb120\tx1134\tqr\tx8505\tqr\tx9071\plain\f1\fs22\tab low /lower / lowest temperature (or 100 \loch\f1\hich\f1 \'b0C from graph)\tab1\par\pard\s18\li2268\ri1701\sb120\tx2268\tx2693\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\tx10800\plain\f1\fs22\i ignorereference to catalyst\par\pard\s20\fi-567\li1134\ri567\sb120\tx1134\tqr\tx8505\tqr\tx9071\plain\f1\fs22\tab any\plain\f1\fs22\b one\plain\f1\fs22 from:\tab 1\par\pard\s21\fi-284\li1418\ri100\sb120\tx1418\tqr\tx8505\tqr\tx9072\tx9360\tx10080\tx10800\tx11520\tx12240\tx12960\tx13680\tx14400\tx15120\tx15840\tx16560\plain\f1\fs16\loch\f1\hich\f1\u9679\tab\plain\f1\fs22 (forward) reaction

exothermic\par\plain\f1\fs16\loch\f1\hich\f1\u9679\tab\plain\f1\fs22 if thetemperature is increased the yield of product will\line decrease or reaction righttoleft\par\pard\s18\li2268\ri1701\sb120\tx2268\tx2693\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\tx10800\plain\f1\fs22\b\i2\plain\f1\fs22\i marks for comments relating to pressure\par\pard\s20\fi-567\li1134\ri567\sb120\tx1134\tqr\tx8505\tqr\tx9071\plain\f1\fs22\tab high /higher / highest pressure\tab 1\line (or greater than 450 atm, fromgraph)\par\pard\s21\fi-567\li1701\ri567\sb120\tx1701\tqr\tx8505\tqr\tx9071\plain\f1\fs22 any\plain\f1\fs22\b one\plain\f1\fs22 from:\tab 1\par\pard\s21\fi-284\li1418\ri100\sb120\tx1418\tqr\tx8505\tqr\tx9072\tx9360\tx10080\tx10800\tx11520\tx12240\tx12960\tx13680\tx14400\tx15120\tx15840\tx16560\plain\f1\fs16\loch\f1\hic

h\f1\u9679\tab\plain\f1\fs22 four reactant molecules but only\line two productmolecules(owtte)\par\pard\s18\li2268\ri1701\sb120\tx2268\tx2693\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\tx10800\plain\f1\fs22\i reversereaction goes from 2\line molecules / moles / volumes to 4\line molecules /moles / volumes\par\pard\s21\fi-284\li1418\ri100\sb120\tx1418\tqr\tx8505\tqr\tx9072\tx9360\tx10080\tx10800\tx11520\tx12240\tx12960\tx13680\tx14400\tx15120\tx15840\tx16560\plain\f1\fs16\loch\f1\hich\f1\u9679\tab\plain\f1\fs22 increase in pressure favours the\line reaction whichproduces the least\line number ofmolecules\par\pard\s18\li2268\ri1701\sb120\tx2268\tx2693\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\tx10800\plain\f1\fs22\idecrease in pressure favours the back reaction because it produces the most

molecules\par\pard\s20\fi-567\li1134\ri567\sb120\tx1134\tqr\tx8505\tqr\tx9071\plain\f1\fs22\page\par\pard\s20\fi-567\li1134\ri567\sb120\tx1134\tqr\tx8505\tqr\tx9071\plain\f1\fs22 (b)\tab atlow temperatures the reaction is too slow\tab1\par\pard\s18\li2268\ri1701\sb120\tx2268\tx2693\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\tx10800\plain\f1\fs22\i acceptcompromise between yield and rate\par 450 \loch\f1\hich\f1 \'b0C gives areasonable yield at a reasonable rate\par catalyst does not work at lowtemperatures\par\pard\s20\fi-567\li1134\ri567\sb120\tx1134\tqr\tx8505\tqr\tx9071\plain\f1\fs22\tab highpressures could be dangerous / expensive\tab


7/8

1\par\pard\s18\li2268\ri1701\sb120\tx2268\tx2693\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\tx10800\plain\f1\fs22\i accept 200atmospheres gives a reasonable yield at reasonable cost / safely\par for\plain\f1\fs22\b\i 1\plain\f1\fs22\i mark 450 \loch\f1\hich\f1 \'b0C and 200atmospheres are compromise conditions\par\pard\s22\fi-1134\li1701\ri567\sb120\tx1134\tx1701\tqr\tx8505\tqr\tx9071\plain\f1\fs22\par\pard\s22\fi-1134\li1701\ri567\sb120\tx1134\tx1701\tqr\tx8505\tqr\tx9071\plain\f1\fs22 (c)\tab

(i)\tab heat is recycled / heat from the reactor\tab 1\line is used to heat gasesgoing into the reactor\par\pard\s21\fi-567\li1701\ri567\sb120\tx1701\tqr\tx8505\tqr\tx9071\plain\f1\fs22\tab unreactednitrogen and hydrogen are recycled\tab 1\par\pard\s21\fi-567\li1701\ri567\sb120\tx1701\tqr\tx8505\tqr\tx9071\plain\f1\fs22\par\pard\s21\fi-567\li1701\ri567\sb120\tx1701\tqr\tx8505\tqr\tx9071\plain\f1\fs22(ii)\tab sensible comment related to conservation of energy\tab1\par\pard\s18\li2268\ri1701\sb120\tx2268\tx2693\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\tx10800\plain\f1\fs22\i eg cost ofenergy pollution aspects of burning fuels to provide energy etc.\par\pard\s21\fi-567\li1701\ri567\sb120\tx1701\tqr\tx8505\tqr\tx9071\plain\f1\fs22\tab sensiblecomment related to conservation of materials\tab1\par\pard\s18\li2268\ri1701\sb120\tx2268\tx2693\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx576

0\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\tx10800\plain\f1\fs22\i eg cost ofmaterials\par cost of converting raw materials into nitrogen and hydrogen\parnatural gas is non-renewable source\par\pard\s23\qr\tqr\tx9638\plain\f0\fs20\b[10]\par\pard\s25\fi-567\li567\ri567\sb120\tx567\tqr\tx8505\tqr\tx9071\plain\f1\fs22\par\pard\s26\fi-1701\li1701\ri567\sb120\tx567\tx1134\tx1701\tqr\tx8505\tqr\tx9071\plain\f1\fs22 \par\pard\s26\fi-1701\li1701\ri567\sb120\tx567\tx1134\tx1701\tqr\tx8505\tqr\tx9071\plain\f1\fs22\b6.\plain\f1\fs22\tab (a)\tab (i)\tab iron \plain\f1\fs22\b must \plain\f1\fs22be \plain\f1\fs22\ul named\plain\f1\fs22\tab1\plain\f1\fs22\ul\par\pard\s18\li2268\ri1701\sb120\tx2268\tx2693\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\tx10800\plain\f1\fs22\i do\plain\f1\fs22\b\i not\plain\f1\fs22\i accept Fe\par\pard\s21\fi-

567\li1701\ri567\sb120\tx1701\tqr\tx8505\tqr\tx9071\plain\f1\fs22\par\pard\s21\fi-567\li1701\ri567\sb120\tx1701\tqr\tx8505\tqr\tx9071\plain\f1\fs22(ii)\tab hydrogen\tab 1\par\pard\s24\fi-567\li2268\ri567\sb120\tx2268\tqr\tx8505\tqr\tx9071\plain\f1\fs22 and oxygenmixtures\tab 1\par\pard\s24\fi-567\li2268\ri567\sb120\tx2268\tqr\tx8505\tqr\tx9071burn \plain\f1\fs22\ul rapidly\plain\f1\fs22\tab 1\par\pard\s26\fi-1701\li1701\ri567\sb120\tx567\tx1134\tx1701\tqr\tx8505\tqr\tx9071\plain\f1\fs22 \par\pard\s26\fi-1701\li1701\ri567\sb120\tx567\tx1134\tx1701\tqr\tx8505\tqr\tx9071\tab (b)\tab(i)\tab lowers concentration\tab1\par\pard\s18\li2268\ri1701\sb120\tx2268\tx2693\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\tx10800\plain\f1\fs22\i acceptdilutes the acid\par do\plain\f1\fs22\b\i not\plain\f1\fs22\i accept

cooling\par\pard\s24\fi-567\li2268\ri567\sb120\tx2268\tqr\tx8505\tqr\tx9071\plain\f1\fs22 less collisions(between particles)\tab 1\par\pard\s21\fi-567\li1701\ri567\sb120\tx1701\tqr\tx8505\tqr\tx9071\plain\f1\fs22\page\par\pard\s21\fi-567\li1701\ri567\sb120\tx1701\tqr\tx8505\tqr\tx9071\plain\f1\fs22 (ii)\tabH\plain\f1\fs16\up10 +\plain\f1\fs22 (aq)\tab1\par\pard\s18\li2268\ri1701\sb120\tx2268\tx2693\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\tx10800\plain\f1\fs22\i acceptH\plain\f1\fs16\i\dn4 3\plain\f1\fs22\i O\plain\f1\fs16\i\up10 +\plain\f1\fs22\ionly if 2 in front of H\plain\f1\fs16\i\dn4 2\plain\f1\fs22\i O\par\pard\s24\fi-567\li2268\ri567\sb120\tx2268\tqr\tx8505\tqr\tx9071\plain\f1\fs22


8/8

OH\plain\f2\fs16\up10 -\plain\f1\fs22 (aq)\tab1\par\pard\s18\li2268\ri1701\sb120\tx2268\tx2693\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\tx10800\plain\f1\fs22\i if spectatorions correctly included on \line both sides, maximum = \plain\f1\fs22\b\i1\plain\f1\fs22\i mark\par\pard\s21\fi-567\li1701\ri567\sb120\tx1701\tqr\tx8505\tqr\tx9071\plain\f1\fs22\par\pard\s21\fi-567\li1701\ri567\sb120\tx1701\tqr\tx8505\tqr\tx9071\plain\f1\fs22(iii)\tab Ca(OH\plain\f1\fs16\dn4 2\plain\f1\fs22 ) weak alkali\tab

1\par\pard\s18\li2268\ri1701\sb120\tx2268\tx2693\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\tx10800\plain\f1\fs22\i accept NaOHstrong alkali\par\pard\s24\fi-567\li2268\ri567\sb120\tx2268\tqr\tx8505\tqr\tx9071\plain\f1\fs22Ca(OH)\plain\f1\fs16\dn4 2\plain\f1\fs22 causes no problems\tab1\par\pard\s18\li2268\ri1701\sb120\tx2268\tx2693\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\tx10800\plain\f1\fs22\i accept NaOHcauses named problem\line (eg caustic\plain\f1\fs22\b\i or\plain\f1\fs22\iexothermic \plain\f1\fs22\b\i or\plain\f1\fs22\i burns \plain\f1\fs22\b\ior\plain\f1\fs22\i corrosive)\par\pard\s23\qr\tqr\tx9638\plain\f0\fs20\b[10]\par\pard\s19\fi-567\li567\ri567\sb120\tx567\tqr\tx8505\tqr\tx9071\plain\f1\fs22\par\pard\s17\fi-1134\li1134\ri567\tx567\tx1134\tqr\tx8505\tqr\tx9071\plain\f1\fs22\b

\par\pard\s17\fi-1134\li1134\ri567\tx567\tx1134\tqr\tx8505\tqr\tx90717.\plain\f1\fs22\tab (a)\tab\plain\f1\fs22\b A\plain\f1\fs22 faster because: thegraph line steeper / the reaction had stopped earlier\tab2\par\pard\s18\li2268\ri1701\sb120\tx2268\tx2693\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\tx10800\plain\f1\fs22\i accept sample\plain\f1\fs22\b\i B\plain\f1\fs22\i slower because: the graph line was\plain\f1\fs22\i\ul less steep\plain\f1\fs22\i / the reaction stoppedlater\par\pard\s20\fi-567\li1134\ri567\sb120\tx1134\tqr\tx8505\tqr\tx9071\plain\f1\fs22\tab\plain\f1\fs22\b A\plain\f1\fs22 because CO\plain\f1\fs16\dn4 2\plain\f1\fs22 given offfaster / fizzes more for 1mark\par\pard\s18\li2268\ri1701\sb120\tx2268\tx2693\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\tx10800\plain\f1\fs22\b\i

B\plain\f1\fs22\i because CO\plain\f1\fs16\i\dn4 2\plain\f1\fs22\i given offslower / fizzes less for 1 mark\par\pard\s20\fi-567\li1134\ri567\sb120\tx1134\tqr\tx8505\tqr\tx9071\plain\f1\fs22\par\pard\s20\fi-567\li1134\ri567\sb120\tx1134\tqr\tx8505\tqr\tx9071\plain\f1\fs22(b)\tab increases the speed / energy of the (hydrochloric acid) particles\tab1\par\pard\s20\fi-567\li1134\ri567\sb120\tx1134\tqr\tx8505\tqr\tx9071\tab collidemore frequently\tab 1\par\pard\s20\fi-567\li1134\ri567\sb120\tx1134\tqr\tx8505\tqr\tx9071\tab collide more energetically/ successfully\tab1\par\pard\s18\li2268\ri1701\sb120\tx2268\tx2693\tx2880\tx3600\tx4320\tx5040\tx5760\tx6480\tx7200\tx7920\tx8640\tx9360\tx10080\tx10800\plain\f1\fs22\i accept moresuccessful collisions = 2 marks\par\pard\s23\qr\tqr\tx9638\plain\f0\fs20\b[5]\par\pard\s19\fi-

567\li567\ri567\sb120\tx567\tqr\tx8505\tqr\tx9071\plain\f1\fs22\par\pard\par }

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