rsonal - files.eric.ed.gov

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THEVNIVERSITYfOFJHESTA, NEW _CATIONTIEPARTMENT-----

BLIREAVOESECONDARTCURRICULU/kI/EVELOPMENT-.ALBANY; _N_EWyo__ 24/1971-

U.SAIEPARTMENT OF HEALTH,EDUCATION &WELFARE _

-rNATIONALINSTITUTE oF-== -`- ==-EDUCATION- z=-REPROr-=

_DucED: ExACTCyASRECEIVED.FROAA-- _THE OR ORGANIZATION ORIG1N===

It POINTS oF,V_IEW OR OPINIONS,STATECI'DOIENOTifNECESSARILy REPRE -.,-

i=SENTOMCI-AUNATIONAt INSTITUTOz-EDUCATIONIPOSITION OR poucy,

ND- ADES:

ucation e artment

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olunissioner_=

S-tAuctiona

ere are in = tent ative orm ication innte e uence-

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Appenc

ERV I E

tt aspects

understandin na ure-ro lems and hrs becoming -fmotiva _ owar tan in about_a revers

si u es_towa ersona 3. toonsi bility for he maintenance -and =improvement_ e i-ronment

a-ccO is -e s- end

ic

ec ive

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GGESTRNI S SUPPLEME

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OUTEINEAF CONTENT- RNING7-

r -ocalhealtfi_ - department -. Cep

toesep rob - Ara

ctrical des-over =degre-e Emp

to-which =we are presently=succeeding in- overcoming_these. =Wfiy the -great lag Andin some cases? and

Fra= iscu develop -- -MW

eAtenais Wiltfie devel =op- isand- ofthe= micro_ Van

scope -in -172cienc e innin s_ ex

acterio thrmnunology_=

Discuss __why = there was =aSydfat

=15 25 year_ nt -erval _between Jenthe era and tro

tiVoniAeri

front

=are-entout

-

MAJORANDERSTANDINGSf---ANDI = SUGGEST-ED TEACHING: =AIDS_- -OUTLINE-OF CONTENT FUNDAMENTAL:CONCEPTS= AND=-=LEARNING-1== TIES

SUPPL

Develop and organize a Semmeresource center of inform- nepio

ch-1-1-

the :1Cdcier

ntri _ut

JPPL =MAJOR- UNDERSTAHDINGS7-AND=-= =SUGGESTEDJEACHINGFUNDAMENTAL= NCEPTS-

rnine

:one_

ch-

Develop and organize aresource .center o int ion relateenvironmentaIncluesear_cl

erifete

ic SUPPLEMENTARY= INFORMATION-1=FORTEACHERS--

-(11318=465) =:-=

iOneet=in-lliaternaVan4= rob- 'Os .

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ainSbinains

eserac-==

revention

orren

-sj

-SUGGESTEDJEACH I NG-A I DS' -SUPP

AND=LEARNING= ACTIVITIESOUTL I NE OF CONTENT:-

Have students -3. entify the Publurposes of or anized (Wi

pub =ic _ health ractice. is_such_ -- efforts improve pre

activeness? lo

study o

controllinggive us insiresent - =andeal rac

ssio

JOR-ANDERSTANDIN --_SUGGE-STEDi-TEACHING S- SUPPLERINE- OF--ZONTENT -FUNDAME NCER -ANIY_LEARNING:f

commis -c ass

insre

Ovatehoi-ereveisabatur

JOR-===_UNDERSTAND_ING_:::

--_FUNDAME CE ,

'concern- adnractirom the indiviidüa;-- _societal

-SUGGEST ACHI -PLEMENTA FORMATION:RNI CHE

_--

COMM

iieafferiarcthatlalleand 7sour;file;bralitcT)ccu:oneletear

)

tere(cci-'eha

losIIficiproI.n

Tom

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SUGGESTEDJEACHING-iAIDS- SUPPLEMENTARY-- INFORMATION

---ANVLEARNINGACTIVITIES-f-- = FOR= TEACHERS

establishment ofstandardE: as a means

realize universalual dare

e_s-ear scientificsti a -eva

rovome

terestsi-

ez 4

kA

rttielitati

MAJOR UNDERSTANDINGS AND SUGGESTED TEACHING AIDS SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATIONFUNDAMENTALFUNDAMENTALCONCEPTS AND LEARNING ACTIVITIES

_FOR TEACHERS

disability, and prematuredeath

3. activities related to the

- How-closely do thesepractices relate to, the

definition of publichealth =given in of

's stran3.

provision of-medical carec ivities concerne -wiëlecVior

anacor

a ucatirehëns iè=health

anni a uatio

nrs

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gem_i*ft71:

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SUGGESTEDATACHINGAIDS= SUPP_

KLINE OF CONTENT-

anc == relationvironm-e

cont-To_dontro

Sharedenvironment

MAJOR UNDERSTAN DI NGS -AND

-FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS:-

Aspects-= of ithe-r-enVitorimentare:-_- -, - ,

and-them i-ect_

er uric

DERS-TANDINME_ NC

nati

tmnunitatao

ironnien

DERSTANDINGS ANDDAMENT CONCEPTS

environmentalave added

ty of lifeinclude

SUGGESTED TEACHING AIDSAND::LEARNING-ACTIVITIES_

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATIONFORTEACHERS

air pol lutants

. wide use of pesticide

(ed-ological and geneticproblems)i e± antibioti

ima

has= learned to

e-ctively with theealth, he hasthreats such

the air he

Have a committee of stu-dents compile pertinentdata related-to morbidityand mortality for thepast 20 years. Analyzethese data. - Report= to theclass.

OUTLINE OF CONTENT-MAJOR _UNDERSTANDINGS =AND

FUNDAMENTAL =CONCEPTSSUGGESTEDJEACHING AIDS -S

AND -LEARNING-ACTIVITIES:

What morbidity andmortality changes haleoccurred? Why?

- Is man improving hisenvironmen

Enviromental HeaProblems

A. Water

1. uses

2. sources

industrial waste add. air conditioning in. fire extinguisher 196

198

200

The source of water will varydepending upon its intendeduse.

Show the film Good ExRiddance, (Color - 29 are

min.) New York State Health cis

Department. spr

MAJOR- UNDERSTANDINGS-- AND SUGGESTED TEACHING -AIDS- SUPPLEMENTARY- INFORMATION-T-7

FUNDAMENTAL :CONCEPTS AND---LEARNING ACTIVITIES FOR TEACHERS

- What morbidity andmortality changes haveoccurred? Why?

- Is man improving hisenvironment?

Ran-life

==The

-==a.s!

Nitand

retadd

196

198200

Ex.

arecis

spr

Man-nee w ter forsrecreation

. irrigation_

. industdomestic Use: cleansing= and

cooling the body, objects,or environment

. transportation =- conveyor

for = disposal of human and

industrial-wasteair conditioningfire extinguisher

The source of water will varydepending wen its intendeduse.

Show the film Good Examples of water sourcesRiddance, (Color - 29 are streams, lakes,min.) New York St4te Health cisterns, deep wells,

Department. springs, and desalination.

OUTLINE-=OF CONTENT

_3, protection ofwater

MAJOR UNDERSTANDINGS ANDFUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS

Water for= drinking purposesneeds== to -be -=protected = fromcontamination and = pollutionboth= before =and after treat-ment.

SUGGESTED TEACHING:=AIDS -SUPPLEMAND -LEARNING ACTIVITIES

Discuss and-considermethods used'to protectwater.

How-is it protectedafter uri ication?

Sanitatendedof= =wholFrequori

most-ia-san-

-awater ==scussthe

°LEM

Lttaiedmho

luen=

int-

MAJOR _UNDERSTANDINGS ANDFUNDAMENTALTCONCEPTS

Water for drinking purposesneeds to be protected fromcontamination an4 pollutionboth before and atter treat-

SUGGESTED: TEACH I NpAu DS=

ANLYLEARNING:=ACTIVITIES-

Discuss and considermethods used to protectwater.- = How is = it protected

ment.1 after purification?

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION =-

FOR =TEACHERS

Sanitary analysis is in-tended to rnish evidenceof wholesomeness =of water.Frequency of analysis Asmost important. arts _o

_s=vi

-se-ritative -watee artinen sc:

problemproblem of==maintainingsafe water

water==

encier-su i

c u erstaat i issi

y -_ State_Co nservation epart---- = gDepartment -7

esrc

irtm

irtm

ublic waterinually monitore profes-

sional personne

ies are con-

hemical aaa sis =for impuri-ties is_ avai a e in mostareas throu e PublicHealth Departin-ent.

g;nee

Define what is meantpolluted water. -When =doesyour community determinewhen- _a=- sour-ce=is= = considerspolluted? =Identifypollutants usually Mind

-in polluted water.

e=_ e-Publi,c=-11eaZ znoere;tate Regional -Sant

EBureati-

-A

Visit the local waterfiltration plant, or askthe plant tanager to speakto the class.

11

a

OUTLINE-OF-CONTENTMAJOR UNDERSTANDI NGS-rAND-

FUN DAMENTAL-CON CEPTS

-Arninmther-iof -ageriCiesce5c-is_t--hothi-s=for cl eanup of _Eexist--

-t-i-on -of -neW-=pollUtion-.=_

SUGGESTED ITEACK NG -AI os SUPAND:-LEARNING-2ACTIVITI ES

--Make:=a=chart -shOWing- the-vari State,-and zFetleral-_-=agencies--

_

concerned with-=preventingand-tontrol ling _

ollut on

Domestic sources are a primaryfactor in water pollution.

S MAJOR =UNDERSTANDINGS AN

FUNDAMENTAL CONCEP-TS

A number_ of enCies:!exist--_-

_-_-ing==_=pollUtionij-erid=1,the-=Treven_-

SUGGESTED=- TEACHING- -AIDS SUPPLEMENTARY- -INFORMATION --

AND-srLEARNINGFACTIVITIES- TEACHERS

Make a chart showing thvarious local, State,and Federal agenciesconcerned_with preventing

-contro in water

protio

Somwat1.

There are several = majorsources of-water pollution inNew York State includingdomestic, industrial =andnuclear weapons testing fall-out.

Domestic sources are a primaryfactor in water pollution.

Have pupils collect = watersairiples from varioUs_-

and d send °to= =thecounty lab for analysis.

-OUTLINE OF -- CONTENT

MAJOR UNDERSTANDINGS ANFUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS

As the numbers of peopleincrease, the pollution of thetotal environment increases.

esire for ease an entY

=SUGGESTED' TEACHIWAIDS SUPPLE-ANDE-LEARNINGi_ACTIVITIES

-Have= Students _researth 2. induthe_causes-==of water sTol-lu- cka__

_ oilsfonotvnewspape_r==_Lart-l.cles lies

T.T-- re- --;mia

-" meta F

servation

causn

MAJOR-UNDERSTANDINGS-ANFUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS

indutcia'oils

lieslubr

si

in

As the -numb_ersol -peopleincrease,__the49_11Ution-of -the-total _environMentrincre-ases.t

esire for _ease -an ent

47f

-SUGGESTEDJEACHINGA =IDS- -_SUPPLEMENTARY -INFORMATIONAND_ LEARNING ACTIVITIES FOR TEACHERS--

-1-lave-EstudentSiresearch-the-causes Water Tollu-tion

lotiow_hewSpaper articlesread magazine -= articles- ==

industrial and commer-cial wastes, such asoils, chemicals, alka-lies, dyes, detergents,u ricants grit, and

-Servatiti

er

resuw rc

artrempo ucommtierapidevecresyntlackmenate

greamanlackandinduraspretumainment

MAJOR UNDERSTANDINGS AND SUGGESTED TEACHING -AIDS= suppLOUTLINE_ OF CONTENT FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS AND LEARNING ACTIVITIES-

7.

(r

rean

. -efft:ctsr_o_f -water -_Wate_r_po-

waterersonsmr_ a=r_ tion--r_obiremsand'

the sub- Invite a speaker from in How wc ea ustr r -the = department eac

c wor isatss 1.

-w

-W4rt=-='-

-retreation_ _

. econon

.

Water for-htiman_purposes --,inust-_Meet _

ch_emicalandstandards in--order tin-be safe.-

Listen to and discuss PeteSeeger's water pollutionsong. What is s eaningforyour conmninitHave a representatiVe ofthe conservation depart-nint visit your clas anddiscuss how water pollu-tion =affects wildlife.Survey your community -todetermine the effects ofpollution on such thingsas recreation, wildlife andfish, water supply for homesand industries , heal th ,property values, etc. Howcan you improve conditions?How much do students con-tribute to water pollution?

m

14

va-

4.

in

opS. It

tiswarWI-

crea

1pm MAJOR UNDERSTANDINGS AND=FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS

SUGGESTED TEACHING AIDSAND LEARNING ACTIVITIES

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATIONFOR TEACHERS

7. allowing fresh water(rain) to mix with al-ready contaminated earthand water

8. governmental inadequacy,dela esitanc

--- deal it'd- olluteo-quick marketiri

n -Ubstances withouproper-testing, under=standing, control, or=forethought

Water pollution, and the sub- Invite a speaker from in-sequent s Orta e of clean`_ dust or the epartinentwater, a s e eve day- of lic wor s to_ discuss

persons- regardless ems -and=ee-ds,or=where solutions for-your-communi

the- o owing ty.Listen t_o and discuss PeteS t 11

How wter pollution affectseach person:1. Threat to health. Pol-- 1.1.xttlat-er-may-becon

--Laminated=with=virus esacteria-that trans

mit scores of diseaseS;Indreased costs. It

ex

opIttiswarWi

crea

eeger s wa er po talonsong. What is its meaning costs each person morefor your community? for-purification.

3. =It == lower_s propertyvalues, making waterfrontage a liabilityinstead of an asset tohomeowners.

4. It discourages industrialexpansion. Industryneeds clean water tooperate.

. It discourages recrea-tional areas. Boating,swimming, and fishingare clean-water sports.With our population in-creasing in numberseach year, we need more,

fit

= HaVe- a -repreSentative ofter for hitinen_=purposes must _ tho _Observation: departmeet mininaikAthysical,- _ ment visit_your claSs anddiScuss__ how water_standar& --itt.order to b_e---safe. tion affects Wildlife-.Survey -your community to-detertine the- effectspollution on such things_as recreation-, wildlife ;and_fish; water supply -_for homesand industries, health-, =

property values, etc.- Howcan you improve conditiOnslHow much do students con-tribute to water pollution?-

14

MAJOR UNDERSTANDINGS ANDOUTLINE OF CONTENT FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS

SUGGESTED TEACHING AIDS SUPPL

AND LEARNING ACTIVITIES

the consequences ofa dwindling potable watersupply.

nore

6. ItInvite a representitivefrom a =-county health agencyor_ octor to-discuss-how 1

So utedj-watet-c z=_a

ealth le_community.

o = in=

_Show` the film;= =The water

-_-----

-1-iav_e:a4ottittee

informationf:ow-t efforts-tott_alelydiSpose_1_6

ust-r141-_-Wastest-

tolegisrdtors indicating-hoW-Tthey:_feel -aboUts_water.

---_p_oildtionc= pawith reference

_problems. Inquire-iasi t_o-what- isrheing:done-iand whatis- plahned.Organize- and- publicize-cleanup=- projects in=-= recrea-tion water-are-as.Make poSters and dispiaySconcerning the- need- -to= -_-

avoid _pollUtiOn practicesand display them_ iff_=YOurschool and community-;

Write _letters to your local"'newspaper calling- attention

to water-pol-lution probl=emsin the area.

15

IPPL

nore

I

1*

MAJOR UNDERSTANDINGS AND- SUGGESTED TEACHING AIDSFUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS AND LEARNING ACTIVITIES

Discuss the consequences ofa dwindling potable watersupply.

Invite a representativefrom a county health agencyon a_doctor- to ditcuss-lhow-

polluted water can affectthe health of---the peOple in

the community.

Show the film, The wateraround us.

. Have a committee write-tolocal industries co-request

- information on their e fortsto,safelydispoSe-odustrialwastet. _ -

-o

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION-FOR TEACHERS

not fewer, areas forrecreation.

6. It kil -ls= fish and wild-life. Thousands offish are killed by pol-lution-in-

ave students w_ rite letters=to legislators indicatinghow .they feel about water

pollution, particularlywith reference to localproblems- Inquire as,towhat is being done and whatis planned.

Organize and publicizecleanup projects in recrea-tion water areas.

Make posters arid-displays

concerning the need toavoid pollution practicesand display them in yourschool and community.

Write letters to your localnewspaper calling attentionto water pollution problemsin the area.

IS

OUTLINE OF CONTENT-MAJOR UNDERSTANDINGS AND -SUGGESTED-- TEACHIN

FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPT-S AND LEARNING ACT

There have been many lawspassed, beginning in 1800's,in the United States to pro-tect the quality-of our waters.

Have the class studlist of key Federaprotecting our waters.- Have = these= laws_been-

success refent

oul

asseow can oinvolve 3.

OUT waterstion ?

isit a sewage treatmeant in o r comtiriii

escri e tages,- th =e sour

ewa s- TOU =11/4Yori_

environmental treAtmenta are some

major probleing this sewathese new pro e

Is this a primsecondary, ortreatment plwhy. Is it adequatreatment?How does local iprevent water o

from its waste

The primary purpose =in

sewage reven t

of-disease among-

The secondary purpose is toprotect the general environmentfrom pollution.

reatingspread

=

The treatment of sewage isdirected toward solid matter*liquids, and bacteria.

Municipal treatment =of sewage

may vary from simple removalof solid waste to completepurification.

-Develop:a chart

of the typical -sews;treatment _process4==

each stage.

Write a paper on how ourstreams, lakes, and rivers

16

-MAJOR UNDERSTANDINGS AND-FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS

There have been many lawspassed, beginning in 1800's,in the United States to pro-tect the quality of our waters.

roper= treatment of sewage is

mcessary-for each communityor the prevention of disease,

maintenance of health, andrevention of environmental

pollution.

The primary purpose in treatingsewage is to prevent the spreadof disease among humans.

The rocOndary purpose is toprotect the general environmentfrom pollution.

The treatment of sewage isdirected toward solid matter,liquids, and bacteria.

Municipal treatment of sewagemay vary from simple removalof solid waste to completepurification.


Have the class study thelist of key Federal lawsprotecting our waters.- Have these laws been

successful in prevent-ing pollution? Explain.-

- Should new laws bepassed? Why?

- How can youth become moreinvolved in protectingour waters from pollu-tion?

Visit a sewage treatmentplant in your community.- Describe the stages the

sewage goes through fortreatment.

- What are some of themajor problems in treat-ing this sewage? Are

these new problems?- Is this a primary,secondary, or tertiarytreatment plant? Explainwhy. Is it adequatetreatment?

- How does local industryprevent water pollutionfrom its waste?

16

Develop a chart or diagramof the typical sewagetreatment process. Explaineach stage.

Write .a paper on how our

streams, lakes, and rivers


See Appendix C -for a listing

of the key events in theFederal clear water programs.

Sewage is the liquid wastesfrom household and commercial

sources. Sewage must be

"oxidized." The quantity ofoxygen required in a givenlength of time to satisfy thechemical and biological oxi-dation demands of the sewageis known as the B.O.D.(Biological Oxygen Demand).

The treatment of sewage isdirected toward fivefactors: (1) solids insuspension, (2) organicmatter in suspension,(3) inorganic mater in sus-pension, (4) organic matter

OUTLINE OF CONTENT

C. Air and airpollution

MAJOR UNDERSTANDINGS ANDFUNDAMENTAL. CONCEPTS

Disposal of human waste willcontinue to become an in-creasing problem as thepopulation continues toincrease.

Air pollution is the presenceof substances in concentrationssufficient to interfere withthe comfort, safety, or healthof living things.

Air pollution may result fromnatural activities as well asfrom man's activities.

SUGGESTED TEACHING AIDS SUPPLEAND LEARNING ACTIVITIES

can or have become open_ sewers.

17

in -soi

Primarinvolvsolidof thewherebactertatc,r1

ment pin whiinto caerobimateri_oxygen

Chloricontamdestromay-reeffluesome k

What is air pollution? Air poIdentify the factors which hazardcause air pollution. people

to milof cos

erty,

Air pobeen anologychiefl

Read accounts of whathappened in one or moreof the following cases:. Glasgow in 1901. Glasgow in 1925. The Meuse Valley-ofBelgium in 1930

. London in 1948, 1952

. Donora, Pennsylvania, in1948

. New York in 1953, 1962,1963, 1966, 1970

Conduct a class discussion Naturaof the natural types of pollut*

)PLE

sotLmar

rolv

Lid

the

;re

:ter

it p

whi.

:o

7obi.

:eri.

rgen

Lori.itam

:tro

r re.

Flue

le

po

:ard

'pie

millcos.

pon aogy, ,efl

urallute


Disposal of human waste willcontinue to become an in-creasing problem as thepopulatiOn continues toincrease.

Air pollution is the-presenceof substances in concentrationssufficient to interfere withthe comfort, safety, or healthof living things.

Air pollution may result fromnatural activities as well asfrom man's activities.

17


can or have become opensewers.

What is air pollution?Identify the factors whichcause air pollution.

Read accounts of whathappened in one or moreof the following cases:. Glasgow in 1901. Glasgow in 1925. The Meuse Valley ofBelgium in 1930

. London in 1948, 1952. Donora, Pennsylvania, in1948

. New_York in 1953, 1962,1963, 1966, 1970


in solution, (5) bacteria.Primary treatment of sewageinvolves sedimentation ofsolid particles to the bottomof the clarifying tankswhere action of anaerobicbacteria digest thismaterial. Secondary treat-ment provides an envirommtin which the effluent comesinto contact with air so thataerobic bacteria can oxidizematerial and thus reduce theoxygen demand of the sewage.Chlorine is used to de-contaminate the effluent bydestroying any bacteria thatmay remain. The finaleffluent is then poured intosome kind of body of water.

Air pollution is not only ahazard to the health ofpeople but also contributesto millions of dollarsof cost in damage to prop-erty,_wildlife, and plants.Air pollution; which hasbeen accelerated by -tech-nology, is concentratedchiefly in urban areas.

Conduct a class discussion Natural sources of airof the natural types of pollution include fog, dust,

MAJOR UNDERSTANDINGS-AND-OUTLINE OF CONTENT FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS

1. causes of air The increase in population,pollution which results in increase in

human activities, is the chiefcause of air pollution -- "tolive is to pollute."

Automobile exhaust is the chiefoffender regarding irritatingsmog.

The dynamic growth of the U.S.economy has brought an accom-panying increase in air pollu-tion.

18

SUGGESTED TEACHING AIDS SUPAND LEARNING ACTIVITIES

air pollution that the sal

students have encountered. pol

Write to local and Statehealth departments for in-formation on natural pollu-tants.

How does pollution aggra-Nillergic reactions?

Have students: Sou1. Make composite lists of to

air pollution-sources, (1)

starting with their ing

home, their neighbor- firhood, then on to thecommunity, the region,the country.

2. Make a study, possiblytaking pictures, of theeffects of cars andtrucks on the air.

3. Make a study of theirneighborhood, community,city, etc., listingindustrial sources ofpollution.

doshiplaandsol

act

Develop posters for place- Evement in the community that morexplain the sources of ofair pollution. inc

Invite speakers from localann

and State health agencies, Thegovernment, and industry to powdescribe their problems Stawith air pollution and inpossible solutions. Can wilstudents help? How? Why? nex

SUP

sal

pol

Souto

(1)

ingfirtioshi

plaandsol

act

Eve

MOT

ofincann

ThepowSt a

in

wi 1

nex

MAJOR UNDERSTANDINGS AND SUGGESTED TEACHING AIDSFUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS AND LEARNING ACTIVITIES

The increase in population,which results in increase in-human activities, is- the chiefcause of air pollution -- "tolive is to pollute."

Automobile exhaust is the chiefoffender regarding irritatingsmog.

The dynamic growth of the U.S.economy has brought an accom-panying increase in air pollu-tion.

18

air pollution that thestudents have encountered.

Write to local and Statehealth departments for in-formation on natural pollu-tants.

How does pollution aggra-vate allergic.reactions?

Have students:1. Make-composite lists of

air pollution. sources,starting with theirhome, their neighbor-hood, then on to thecommunity, the region,the country.

2. Make a study, possiblytaking pictures, of theeffects of cars andtrucks on the air.

3. Make a study of theirneighborhood, community,city, etc., listingindustrial sources ofpollution.

Develop posters for place-ment in the community thatexplain the sources ofair pollution.

Invite speakers from localand State health agencies,government, and industry todescribe their problemswith air pollution andpossible solutions. Can

students help? How? Why?


salt spray, volcanoes, andpollens.

Sources of pollution relatedto man's activities are-(1)-home -- heating, cook-ing, waste incineration andfireplaces; (2) transporta-tion -- motor vehicles,ships, railroadi, and air-planes; (3) manufacturingand processing -- gases,solids, and odors; (4) radio-active emanations.

-

Every_ year automobiles burnmore than 70 billion gallonsof gasoline and consumptionincreases by 4 percentannually.

The amount of electricpower produced in the UnitedStator has increased 50 foldin the last 50 years andwill double again in thenext decade. Four-fifths

MAJOR UNDERSTANDINGS-AND-OUTLINE OF CONTENT FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS

Air pollution may come frommanufacturing processes whichuse chemicals as well as thosewhich manufacture chemicals.

19

SUGGESTED TEACHING AIDS SUPLEAND LEARNING ACTIVITIES

Discuss changes in civili- of thisnation that have contrib- duceduted to air pollution. plants

the azUse vacuum cleaners covered sulfurWith filter= paper to test irritatthe extent of air pollution tamingin various parts of thecommunity. Each

than 4Use this and information day.from various students to Method-construct a community- burningpollution map. -taminan

best coRefer to the laboratorymanual: "Air Pollution:Experiments for Junior andSenior High School ScienceClasses." Air PollutionControl Association, 44005th Avenue, Pittsburgh,Pennsylvania 15213.

See; The modern miasmas Source:published by Metropolitan Your CoLife Insurance Company. Departm

tion antion #1


Air pollution may come frommanufacturing processes whichuse chemicals as well as thosewhich manufacture chemicals.

19


Discuss changes in civili-zation that have contrib-uted to air pollution.

Use vacuum cleaners coveredwith filter paper to testthe extent of air pollutionin various parts of thecommunity.

Use this and informationfrom various students toconstruct a communitypollution map.

Refer to the laboratorymanual: "Air Pollution:Experiments for Junior andSenior High School ScienceClasses." Air PollutionControl Association, 44005th Avenue, Pittsburgh,Pennsylvania .15213.

See: The modern miasmaspublished by MetropolitanLife Insurance Company.


of this electricity is pro-duced by fuel-burning powerplants which discharge intothe air millions of tons ofsulfur dioxide, a highlyirritating and harmful con-taminant.

Each American produces morethan 4 pounds 'of rubbish perday. The most prevalentmethod of disposal isburning, which produces con-taminants even under thebest conditions.

Source: "Clean Air forYour Community." U.S.Department of Health, Educa-tion and Welfare. Publica-tiofi #1544.

MAJOR_ UNDERSTANDINGS AND

OUTLINE OF CONTENT FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS

Critical air pollutionepisodes are often the resultof weather conditions thatresult in a "thermal in-version." -

2. effects of air Man's health is dependent uponpollution the availability of clean air.

Polluted air may have immediateas well as long-range effectson man's health.

The effects of air pollutantson the health of an individualinclude respiratory conditions,irritation of the mucous mem-

branes, gastrointestinaldisturbance, and circulatory

conditions.



Contact local healthdepartment, weatherstation, or air pollutioncenter to find out aboutair pollution problems in

your community. Compare

this= information with yourobservations.

Compare the respiratorydisease "rates in geographicareas which have low levelsof air pollution with thoseof high levels of pollu-tants. (Consult with the

local health officer fordata.)

Have students identify thespecific health conditionswhich may result from airpollution.

20

Ordincausesurfaupper

concebeccrstabltheTheair iin th

formscoldsurftants

In di

worlSt at

haveair.

So fcernordiairbuttionof dicatplicdoesin s

effepinpshowcreasuch-

JPPL

rdin

ausearfappeonce

ectablheheirn thormsoldurfants

n diorltat

aveir.

,o f

ernrdi

.ir

rut

ion1f d

.cat

rlic

loes

nstffe

linp

;how

:rea

mch_


Critical air pollutionepisodes are often the resultof weather conditions that.result in a "thermal ih-

version."

Man's health is dependent uponthe availability of clean air.

Polluted air may have immediateas well as long-range effectson man's health.

The effects of air pollutantson the health of an individualinclude respiratory conditions,irritation of the mucous mem-

branes, gastrointestinaldisturbance, and circulatoryconditions.


Contact local healthdepartment, weatherstation, or air pollutioncenter to find out aboutair- pollution problems in

your community. Comparethis information with yourobservations.-

Compare the respiratorydisease rates in geographicareas which have low levelsof air pollution with thoseof high levels of pollu-tants. (Consult with the

local health officer fordata.)

Have students identify thespecific health conditions

.which may result from airpollution.

20


Ordinarily, air movementcauses a dispersal of warmsurface air into the colderupper atmosphere where theconcentration of contaminantsbecomes ddluted. Withstable weather conditions, atherMal inversion occurs.The usual stratification ofair is reversed. Warm airin the upper atmosphereforms like -a -lid over-the-

colder air near thiearth'ssurface, preventing pollu-tants from rising.

In different parts of theworld, as well as'the UnitedStates, illness and deathhave resulted from pollutedair.

So far as health is con-cerned, the effects ofordinary concentrations ofair pollutants are subtle,but real. While air pollu-tion never appears as a causeof-death on a death certif-icate, medical research im-plicates it. Polluted airdoes its damage slowly andin small doses, so that itseffects are difficult topinpoint. But statisticsshow a steady, steep in-crease in the incidence ofsuch respiratory diseases


3. prevention and

control of airpollution=

Air pollution causes severeeconomic losses in terms ofproperty damage.

It is urgent that all commu-nities recognize early theirair pollution problems and .

potentials and begin steps toprevent or alleviate them.


Develop a bulletin boarddisplay with regard to air annoyapollution locally. -sills,

Include: . dingy s. Effects on health luted. Sources of pollufion economi. Programs underway must be. Damage to property freque. Economic loss draperi

wear odie.

as astemphysthe di

gre ate

disease

Pollut

Invite a representativefrom the EnvironmentalConservation Departmentto discuss the effects ofpollution of all kinds onplant and wildlife.

21

Some lodent.

out fasrust moware isnished.the neabe dama=urban

Have students "invent" Air poldevices or- methods -they have twthink will help to alle- Contviate or to prevent furtherpollution of the air.

sourinst

equilutaleas

2. Pre

of

PLE

ast

hys

di

ate

ease

lut

oyaIls,

gy s

ed

nomit beque

perio

e lot.

fas

t moe ishedne

damaan

polt twCont

Sourlinst

equilut a

leas

Pre

of

MAJOR UNDERSTANDINGS AND ----SUGGESTED TEACHING AIDSFUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS AND LEARNING ACTIVITIES

Air pollution causes severeeconomic losses in terms ofproperty damage.

It is urgent that all commu-nities recognize. early theirair pollution problems andpotentials and begin steps toprevent or alleviate them.

21

Develop a bulletin boarddisplay with regard to airpollution locally.Include:

. Effects on health

._Sources of pollution

. Programs underway.

. Damage to property

. Economic loss

Invite a represent Livefrom the EnvironmentalConservation Departmentto discuss the effects ofpollution of all kinds onplant and wildlife.


as asthma, bronchitis, andemphysema. Urban areas withthe dirtiest air have thegreatest incidence of thesediseases.

Polluted air brings constantannoyances - dirty window-sills, gritty skin, anddingy surroundings. Pol-luted air also results ineconomic losses. Housesmust be repainted morefrequently, clothing anddraperies get dirty andwear out sooner, and plantsdie.

Some losses are less evi-dent. Tires crack and wearout faster. Iron and steelrust more quickly. Silver-ware is perpetually tar-nished. Even miles fromthe nearest city, crops maybe damaged by air fromurban areas.

Have students "invent"devices or methods theythink will help to alle-viate or to prevent furtherpollution of the air.

Air pollution controls musthave two major aims:1. Control of (old) current

sources of pollution byinstallation of necessaryequipment to prevent pol-lutants from being -re-

leased into the air.2. Prevention of new sources

of pollution by standards

OUTLINE OF CONTENTMAJOR UNDERSTANDINGS AND SUGGESTED TEACHING AIDSFUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS AND LEARNING ACTIVITIES

Air pollution and abatementactivities are being conductedby public and private healthagencies, and by groups ofconcerned citizens.

Because air movement is notconfined within the borders ofcities, counties, and states,air pollution control neces-sarily involves widespreadcooperation.

The Clean Air Act authorizedthe use of Federal grant fundsto help meet the costs ofestablishing, developing, orimproving control programs instates and cities.

22

Have students- find out theState and local ordinanceswhich pertain to air pollu--tion.- Are they enforced?- How are they enforced?- Are these single effortsto conform,_or areseveral factions of thecommunity cooperating?

Investigate and make a listof all the agencies, publicand private, concerned withair pollution. Show thefilm, Air pollution -everyone's problem.

c

f

FeThCo

Prtoto

prco

St

t

t

C.

2.

3.

FeThCo

PrtotoprcoSt


Air pollution and abatementactivities are being conductedby public and private healthagencies, and by groups ofconcerned citizens.

Because air movement is notconfined within the borders ofcities, counties, and states,air pollution control neces-sarily involves widespreadcooperation.

The Clean Air Act authorizedthe use of Federal grant fundsto help meet the costs ofestablishing, developing, orimproving control programs instates and cities.

22

SUGGESTED TEACHING AIDS SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATIONAND LEARNING ACTIVITIES

Have students find out theState and local ordinanceswhich pertain to air pollu-tion.

- Are they enforced?- How are they enforced?- Are these single effortsto conform, or areseveral factions of thecommunity cooperating?

Investigate and make a listof all the agencies, publicand private, concerned withair pollution. Show thefilm, Air pollution -everyone's problem..

FOR TEACHERS

that require air pollutioncontrol devices in newfactories, industries, etc.

Agencies:1. Local

In New York State, Actionfor Clean Air Committeeson the local level areorganizing to combat airpollution.

2. StateThe New York StateDepartment of Environ-mental Conservation andvarious representativeair pollution organiza-tions from surroundingstates are cooperativelyworking for-the abatementof air pollution.

3. FederalThe Federal governmentthrough the Clean Air Actprovides assistance toState and local govern-ments for abatement ofair pollution activities.

Federal Clean Air ActThe National Air PollutionControl Administrationprovides technical assistanceto State and local agenciesto resolve specific technicalproblems or to plan effectivecontrol programs. SomeState agencies are in a

MAJOR UNDERSTANDINGS AND SUGGESTED TEACHING AIDS SUP,

FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS AND LEARNING ACTIVITIES

It is important for us to start Visit a local power gener- Our.

thinking in terms of-recovering acing station and determine mak,and re-cycling more of the air the rate of flow of gases abc,

polluting particles, gases, in the stack, exit tem- Int

vapors, and fumes. perature, and the percent butcontent of sulfur dioxide. coif

Conpute loss of SO2 per notmyear.

_Discuss:

Will our wastefulness

result in a denuded planetfor earth's inhabitantsto inherit 1,000, or 100years from now?

Conservation now is important Recoto the health, well being, and woulprosperity of the earth's offuture inhabitants. for

geneof= =s

be tas s

h Poin -t

gene

Thealso

kindpowetheEducinit

MAJOR UNDERSTANDINGS AND SUGGESTED TEACHING AIDS SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATIONFOR TEACHERSFUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS AND LEARNING ACTIVITIES

is important for us to startthinking in terms of recoveringnd-re,cydling-more of the air

_polluting particles., gases,_=vapors, and futes.

onservation now is importanto the health, well being, androsperity of the earth'suture inhabitants.

23

Visit a local power gener-ating station and determinethe rate of flow of gasesin the stack, exit tem-perature, and the percentcontent of sulfur dioxide.Compute loss of SO2 peryear.

Discuss:

Will our wastefulness

result in a denuded planetfor earth's inhabitantsto inherit 1,000, or 100years from now?

position to provide thissame form of assistance.

Our present technologymakes it possible to recoverabout 99 percent ofparticles in a gas stream,but some gases, unless inconcentrated mixtures, can-not be recovered economical-ly.

hecovery and re-cyclingwould permit conservation

--of-many natural resourcesfor the use of futuregenerations. Every pc,Ind

of sulfur dioxide that canbe recovered and recycledas sulfuric acid will leavepound. of elemental sulfur

in the earth for futuregenerations.

The Federal Clean Air Actalso provided for certainkinds of Federal controlpower. The Secretary ofthe Department of Health,Education, and Welfare mayinitiate control action, for


D. Solid wastes Solid wastes include suchthings as garbage, paper con-tainers, metal containers,plastic containers, and allthose things which man hasused and no longer wishes toretain.

The responsibility of control-ling refuse disposal andassuring proper handling in thecommunities lies in the handsof certain agencies, with co-operation of community members.

24

SUGGESTED TEACHING AIDS SUP


ex

inthe

perThi

tenofmenofdifmet

AnClecon

newbeg

Show and discuss the film, As

.,:he day they burned the havdump. bee

thetai

dis

thahas

Show the film, A survey of In

refuse disposal methods. con

wassomof

Have students do a survey Maof their community to find Garout sources of solid waste. wasCanvass.stores, businesses, . C

industries, and homes.

SUP

ex

in

the

perThi

ten

of

menof

difmet

AnCle

con

newbeg

As

havbee

the

tai

dis

tha

has

In

con

wassomof

Maj

Garwas

.0

MAJOR UNDERSTANDINGS AND SUGGESTED TEACHING AIDS SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION


Solid wastes include_suchthings as garbage, paper con-tainers, metal containers,plastic containers, and allthose things which man hasused and no longer wishes toretain.

The responsibility of control-ling refuse disposal andassuring proper handling in thecommunities lies in the handsof certain agencies, with co-operation of community members.

24

Show and discuss the film,The day they burned thedump.

FOR TEACHERS

example, if pollution arisesin one State and endangersthe health or welfare ofpersons in another State.This Federal power is in-tended to supplement thatof State and local govern-ments by providing a meansof resolving problems ofdifficult interstatemetropolitan areas.

An amendment to the FederalClean Air Act also authorizedcontrol of emissions fromnew motor vehicles,beginning with 1968 models.

As society and technologyhave developed there hasbeen a great increase inthe use of throwaway con-tainers, paper, plasticdisposal items, etc.,sothat the volume of rubbishhas mushroomed.

Show the film, A survey of In order to find a way torefuse disposal methods. control and handle disposal

wastes, we must first havesome idea of the sourcesof these wastes.

Have students do a surveyof their community to findout sources of solid waste.Canvass stores, businesses,industries, and homes.

Major classes of refuse:Garbage: food and marketwastes. Combustible rubbish- paper

OUTLINE OF CONTENTMAJOR UNDERSTANDINGS AND

FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS AND LEARNING ACTIVITIESSUGGESTED TEACHING AIDS SUPPL

One substantial problem

facing us in the future isthat of space travel and disposal of wastes in space.

25

Estimate the percentage ofthe community's totaltonnage that each of thesources represents, andrecord the types of wasteseach contributes.

Find out who is responsible'for refuse removal anddisposal in your community.Investigate the approximatetotal tonnage of refuseper year for your communi-ty, and work this out ona per capita basis: Ifrecords are available, dothe same thing for, say,1950 and 1940. Discussthe implications of theresults.

Discuss: Why the spaceenvironment is consideredhostile to man.Write to NASA for NASAfact sheets, and forspecific information on

- b- t

- 1- p

. non

- ti

- b

Methodgarbag1. pub

se

dep

2. pricon

loc

A partprobletainertainerof redsolidAluminglassGlassbeen'croad c

ObtainnauticstratioFacts,

backgrstructvironm

JPPL

b- t_

- 1-pnon- m- ti

-b

lhodabag

pUbsedeppriconloc

partob =le

inerinerredliduminass

ass

en' c

ad c

tain

alesati o

ckgr

ruct

ronm


One substantial problem

facing us in the future isthat of space travel and dis-posal of wastes in space.

25

Estimate the percentage ofthe community's totaltonnage that each of thesources represents, andrecord the types of wasteseach contributes.

Find out who is responsiblefor refuse removal anddisposal in your community.Investigate the approximatetotal tonnage of refuseper year for your communi-ty, and work this out ona per capita basis. Ifrecords .are available, dothe same thing for, say,1950 and 1940. Discussthe implications of theresults.

Discuss: Why the spaceenvironment is consideredhostile to man.Write to NASA for NASAfact sheets, and forspecific information on

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATIONFOR TEACHERS,

- cartons_mboxes- tree branches- leaves- plastics

. noncombustible rubbish- metal- tin cans- bottles- ashes

Methods of collection ofgarbage and refuse:1. public - community

service; public worksdepartment

2. private - private agency;contractor (licensed bylocal government)

A partial solution to theproblem is to reuse con-tainers or recycle con-

tainer materials as a meansof reducing the amount ofsolid waste for disposal..

Aluminum, steel, paper, andglass can all'be recycled.Glass, fcr example, hasbeen crushed for use as aroad construction material.

Obtain from National Aero-nautics and Space Adminis-tration the pamphlet NASAFacts, Vol. III, No. 5, forbackground material onstructuring of a olosed en-vironment in space travel.

MAJOR UNDERSTANDINGS AND


E. Pestitides In our society, the use ofpesticides has become wide-spread in various forms ofagriculture and animal hus-bandry. Intelligent useensures an adequate supply ofsafe-to-eat, nutritious foodfor man and animal.

26

SUGGESTED TEACHING AIDS


the problems ,f travelingin a closed system.Discuss:a. How will man react to

conditions of a closedsystem, e.g. closeconfinement, longperiods of solitude andweightlessness.

Investigate possiblesystems for recycling ofwaste products and reuseof raw materials. -Seevarious NASA fact sheets.

Discuss why, in many cases,man has felt it necessaryto leave debris in space.Use example of lunarlandings, and the dis-carding of a whole .

vehicle.Discuss how this practicemight affect future spacetravel, endangering othermissions.Invite a NASA representa-tive to discuss how thisproblem might be solved.

SUPPLE

Spacediffer1. Whe

in

mus

sysofpr.th-

cl.

2. Assombetheeq

su

a b

in

an

pr.

Have students compile a Defin'

list of commonly used Webst-

pesticides. Visit a feed pest

and grain store, Invite which

a county agricultural agent There

to come and speak. Write term

to various county, Federal, priat

or State agencies. chemi

'PLE

ace

Ffer

Whein

mus

sys

ofpr.

th-

cl.

As

sombe

theeq

sua bin 14

an

pr.

fini

bst,st

ich

,ere;

MR

at

Semi

MAJOR UNDERSTANDINGS AND SUGGESTED TEACHING AIDS


In our society, the use ofpesticides has become wide-spread in various forms ofagriculture and animal hus-bandry. Intelligent useensures an adequate supply ofsafe-to-eat, nutritious foodfor man and animal.

. 26

the problems of travelingin a closed system.Discuss:a. How will man react to

conditions of a closedsystem, e.g. closeconfinement, longperiods of solitude andweightlessness.

Investigate possiblesystems for recycling ofwaste products and reuseof raw materials. See

various NASA fact sheets.

Discuss why, in many cases,man has felt it necessaryto leave debris in space.Use example of lunarlandings, and the dis-carding of -a wholevehicle.Discuss how this practicemight affect future spacetravel, endangering othermissions.Invite a NASA representa-tive to discuss how thisproblem might be solved.

Have students compile alist of commonly usedpesticides. Visit a feedand grain store, Invitea county agricultural agentto come and speak. Writeto various county, Federal,

or State agencies.


Space travel presents twodifferent related problems:1. When traveling in space

in a closed system, theremust be life supportsystems that take careof- refuse disposal andprovide for the needs ofthe organisms in theclosed system.

2. As man travels in space,some of his equipmentbecomes useless. Thus,

the disposal of thisequipment on the lunarsurface,- in orbit arounda body, or simply float-ing in space may becomean eventual, seriousproblem.

Definition: According toWebster's Dictionary, apest is any plant or animalwhich is detrimental to man.Therefore, the use of theterm pesticide will appro-priately include thechemical compounds that


There are real values as wellas potential dangers involvedin the use of pesticides.

There is an increased concernby segments of our societyabout the possible contamina-tion of livestock, vegetation,and natural resources by pesti-cides.

Hazards to health may occurthrough:- accidental exposure- inhalationingestion

It is becoming increasingly

clear that pesticides are arisk to animal and plant life,and, most important, to man.

27


Assemble and summarizecurrent reports regardingpesticides from magazinesand professional periodi-cals. Analyze theirstatements about theeffects of pesticides onsoil, crops, fruit, andhumans.

Invite a farmer who usespesticides to come andexplain to the class whyhe feels it is necessaryto use them.

Investigate the currentworldwide food shortageand -the role that pesti-cides can play in in-creasing food production.

Read Silent spring byRachel Carson, or at leastsome significant portionsof it, and discuss inclass.

Read some scientificcritiques of Silent springand discuss.

Refer to each of the

following sources writtenby Louis Bromfield:- From my experience- Pleasant valley- Malabar farm- Out of the earth

SUPPL

servefungirodenand g

Contr"

and NA gre.stuff-

" se as

choic,and faroun.reduc,goitetion,

It is

thatof higwithcase oagricuthe pomightother

Cautio1. Con

pes2. Do

ci d

3. Reains

4. BeS. Whe

prorem

P131.

rve

ngidend g

ntrd Ngre

uffcosoic

d founduciteon,

is

athig

th

se oricue poght

her

adoConpes

Do

cid

Reains

Be

Whe

prorem


FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS

There are real values as wellas potential dangers involvedin the use of pesticides.

There is an increased concernby segments of our societyabout the possible contamina-tion of livestock, vegetation,and natural resources by pesti-cides.

Hazards to health may occurthrough:- accidental exposure- inhalation- ingestion

It is becoming increasingly

clear that pesticides are arisk to animal and plant life,and, most important, to man.

27


Assemble_and summarizecurrent reports regardingpesticides from magazinesand professional periodi-cals. Analyze theirstatements about theeffects- of pesticides onsoil, crops, fruit, andhumans.

Invite a farmer who usespesticides to come andexplain to the class whyhe feels it is necessaryto use them.

Investigate the currentworldwide food shortageand the role that pesti-cides can play in in-creasing'food production.

Read Silent spring by

Rachel Carson, or at least-some significant portionsof it, and discuss inclass.

Read some scientific

critiques of Silent springand discuss..

Refer to each of thefollowing sources writtenby Louis Bromfield:- From my experience- Pleasant valley- Malabar farm- Out of the earth


serve as - insecticides,fungicides, herbicides,rodenticides, fumigants,and general pesticides.

Contribution to Agricultureand Nutrition:A greater variety of food-stuffs, elimination of"seasonal foods" broadChoice of meats, vegetables,and fruits the yeararound. This diversity hasreduced incidence of endemicgoiter, protein malnutri-tion, scurvy, and rickets.

It is an acknowledged factthat chemical pesticidesof high toxicity are usedwith more thought to thecase of solving the immediateagricultural problems thanthe possible damage- that

might result to man andother life.

Caution for use in home:1. Consider all household

pesticides as poison.2. Do not stockpile pesti-

cides.

3. Read labels and followinstructions.

4. Be conservative in use.5. When spraying, remove or

protect all food, andremove pets from the area.-


The problem of control andrestrictions on the use ofpesticides remains extremelycritical and unsolved.

28



Have a debate on the 6. We

desirability of limiting in

the use of pesticides. 7. Do

(Before the debate have opclass develop criteria for 8. Do

judging soundness of sp

facts.) 9. Babo

After the debate, have 10. Us

students write a paragraph sp

on whether or not they Rewould permit the use ofpesticides, and citingreasons for their posi-tions.

Discuss: Can a compromisebe made between widespreaduse and controlled use ofpesticides?

Have students, using eco-logical principles, devisea procedure for evaluatinga pesticide before it isput into widespread use.Include a list of thosecharacteristics which apesticide must have inorder to be effective andnot harmful.

No onhandlinherpestigardimadeknowltoxicIishwent,teamand m

Reco

teachourNatioPittsMarchHealtway,

(Free

IPPL: MAJOR UNDERSTANDINGS AND SUGGESTED TEACHING AIDS


WeinDo

opDospBa

boUs

spRe

) on

mdliher

esti

xrdi

ide

low

ish

ent,

chnzd m

aco

each

sr

ati o

itts

arch

ealt

ay,

Free

The problem of control andrestrictions on the use ofpesticides remains extremelycritical and unsolved.

28

Have a debate on thedesirability of limitingthe use of pesticides.(Before the debate haveclass develop criteria forjudging soundness offacts.)

After the debate, havestudents write a paragraphon whether or not theywould permit the use ofpesticides, and citingreasons for their posi-tions.

Discuss: Can a compromisebe made between widespreaduse and controlled use ofpesticides?

Have students, using eco-logical principles, devisea procedure for evaluatinga pesticide before it isput into widespread rise.Include a list of thosecharacteristics which apesticide must have inorder to be effective andnot harmful.


6. Wear a mask to preventinhaling mist

7. Do not spray near anopen flame.

8. Do not smoke while usingspray.

9. Bathe exposed parts ofbody after spraying.

10. Use common sense whenspraying. (ConsumerReports, July 1963)

No one agency is able tohandle the complex problemsinherent in the use ofpesticides. Decisions re-garding their use must bemade in the light ofknowledge in public health,toxicology, agriculture,fish and wildlife manage-ment, forestry, water, farmtechnology, and soil scienceand management.

Recommended reading forteachers: Health needs inour environment, 1964.National Health Forum,Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania,March 9-11. NationalHealth Council, 1970 Broad-way, New York, New York.(Free)

OUTLINE OF CONTENTMAJOR UNDERSTANDINGS AND


Rats and other rodents are amajor environmental healthproblem especially in theghettos of our large cities.

There is a constant andurgent need to be continuouslyalert to the extent anddangers of infestation byrats.

29


Suggested readings: ThePlague on us, by Smith.

Why- is the control ofrodents important?

Identify the health

Refirtion"film aNew YDepartAvenue

hazards related to rodents. Rodentbelong

How are rodents extermi- rodentnated in residences? How mice,can we prevent their vectorreturn? Use local Rodent from rControl personnel as of ratspeakers. public

ExamplSuggest or arrange clean- transmup via mass media or Murineneighborhood councils. flea

BuboniVisit the Health Depart- flea.rent to determine program Weil'sefforts; the responsible fectsource of funds:- local, of rState, Federal funds. Salmon

ratMagazine - "Urban Society," Rat bipublished by high school viastudents in Brooklyn may Ricketbe a model for other stu- mousdent projects regardingsurveys of housing -prob-lems, garbage, refuse

problems, and rat problems,etc., in their ownneighborhoods.

IPPLE

fer

on"

lm a

w Ypartvnue

dentlong

dentce,

CtOTTM r'rataffix

:empl

ansmainefleaLboni

flea:ills

fect

of rLlmon

rat

biviacketmous


Rats and other rodents are amajor environmental healthproblem especially in theghettos of our large cities.

There is a constant andurgent need to be continuouslyalert to the extent anddangers of infestation byrats.

29


Suggested readings: ThePlague on us, by Smith.

Why is the control ofrodents important?

Identify the healthhazards related to rodents.

How are rodents extermi-nated in residences? Howcan we prevent theirreturn? Use local RodentControl personnel asspeakers.

Suggest or arrange clean-up via mass media orneighborhood councils.

Visit the Health Depart-ment to determine programefforts; the responsiblesource of funds: local,State, Federal funds.

Magazine - "Urban Society,"published by high schoolstudents in Brooklyn maybe a model for other stu-dent projects regardingsurveys of housing prob-lems, garbage, 'refuse

problems, and rat problems,etc., in their own'neighborhoods.


Refer to "Rodent Educa-tion" -- Curriculum andfilm available from theNew York State HealthDepartment, 84 HollandAvenue, Albany, New York.

Rodents include all animalsbelonging to the'orderrodentia - squirrels, rats,mice, prairie dogs. Avector transfers pathogensfrom rodent to man. Controlof rats is important inpublic health practice.Examples of some diseasestransmitted by rats are:Murine typhus: rat-rat-

flea-manBubonic plague: rat--tMi-

flea-manWeil's disease: (in-

fectious jaundice) urineof rat

Salmonelliosis: feces ofrat and house mouse

Rat bite fever: bacteriavia bite

Rickettsia' pox:- housemouse-mite-man


F. Noise pollution Noise is any disturbing soundthat may interfere with work,comfort, or rest.

Sounds under certain condi-

tions may be both physicallyand psychologically harmful,particularly when exposureis continuous.

30

SUGGESTED TEACHING AIDS SUP


Discuss career possibili- A cties in sanitation/environ- inc

mental control. tio

plaShow and discuss the film: kilVandals of the night.

OffWhat is the extent of the =con

rodent problem in ourcities?

Have students identify anddescribe occasions whensounds have been uncom-fortable, unpleasant, orpainful.- How does noise affectone's health?

- How does noise affect theear and hearing?

- What effect does con-tinuous noise have on theemotional and psychologi-cal behavior of people?

PerSan

riawor

ogilo

Dec

rel

is

resvib

pittens

SeePerand

MAJOR UNDERSTANDINGS AND SUGGESTED TEACHING AIDSFUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS AND-LEARNING ACTIVITIES

Discuss career possibili-ties in sanitation/environ-mental control.

Show and.discuss the film:Vandals of the night.

What is the extent of therodent problem in ourcities?

Noise is any disturbing soundthat may interfere oith work,Comfort, or rest.

Sounds under certain condi-

tions may be both physicallyand psychologically harmful,particularly when exposureis continuous.

30

Have students identify anddescribe occasions_whensounds have been uncom-fortable, unpleasant, orpainful.- How does noise affectone's health?

- How does noise affect theear and hearing?,,,

- What effect does con=tinuous noise have on theemotional and psYchologi-

cal behavior of people?


A community program shouldinclude: surveys, elimina-tion- of nesting and breedingplaces, ratproofing,killing of rats and mice.

Official activities forcontrol include:. educational/promotionalactivities

. vector surveys. research with regard to

vectors. materials and controlmeasures

. direct application ofpesticides

Personnel:Sanitary engineers, sariita-

rians, inspectors, laboratoryworkers, biologists, zool-ogists, chemists, entomologists, ecologists.

Decibels, are used to measurerelative loudness:- Noiseis a discordant sound whichresults from nonperiodicvibrations of air. Charac-teristics of a sound include:pitch, quality, and in-tensity.

See Strand 1", SensoryPerception, grades 7, 8,

and 9 for a more complete

OUTLINE OF CONTENT

V. Public HealthPractice in thePrevention andControl of Disease

A. Communicable

disease control



The background noise level,particularly for our cities,has been steadily increasingas our technology has in-creased.

The deleterious effect ofexcessive noise from ourenvironment requires thatnew ways to reduce noiselevels be created.

Many diseases can be pre-vented and controlled if eachindividual practices certainbasic health procedures. Somediseases require group actionto effectively control orprevent them.

- _Public health measures toprevent communicable-diseasesmay be either very generil(sanitation practices) orspecific (immunization pro-cedures).

31


- How does noise affect the descripfatigue level of people? nature.

21 forDiscuss the changes in oursociety that have producedthese increases in noiselevel in our environment.

Find out whether yourcommunity has any ordi-nances concerning noise,and if so, what are they?List ways in which noiselevels in the school andat home can be lowered.

Preventnoise p(1) sur

(2) imp

methods,

use ofequipmeselecti(5) car

Have students identify The teadiseases which at one time to Strmay be quite personal but ventionat other times may threaten 3-S foror become a public health ecologiconcern. disease

discusspages 8relativdiseasebasic cthe deg

Describe the kinds and The empfrequency of public health is placprograms provided in your publiccommunityduring the past able'oryear to help to prevent or diseasecontrol communicable societydiseases. Strand

World Himporta

MAJOR UNDERSTANDINGS-AND


The badkground noise level,particularly for our cities,has beefi steadily increasingas our technology has in-creased.

The deleterious effect ofexcessive noise from ourenvironment requires thatnew ways to reduce noiselevels be created.

Many diseases can be pre-vented and controlled if eachindividual practices certainbasic health procedures. Somediseases require group actionto effectively control orprevent them.

Public health measures toprevent communicable diseasesmay be either very general

(sanitation practices) orspecific (immunization pro-cedures).


- How does noise affect thefatigue level of people?

Discuss the changes in oursociety that have producedthese increase in noiselevel in our environment.

Find out whether yourcommunity has any ordi-nances concerning noise,and if so, what are they?List ways in which noiselevels in the school andat home can be lowered.

Have students identifydiseases which at one timemay be quite personal butat other times may threatenor become a public healthconcern.

31

Describe the kinds andfrequency of public healthprograms provided in yourcommunity during the pastyear to help to prevent orcontrol communicablediseases.


description of sound and itsnature. See pages 20 and'21 for teacher references.

Prevention and control ofnoise pollution include:(1) survey of noise,(2) improved engineeringmethods, (3) development anduse'of personal protectiveequipment, (4) properselection of personnel, and(5) careful city planning.-

The teacher should referto Strand I, Diseases Pre-vention and Control, pages3-5 for a discussion of the

ecological relationships ofdisease; pages 6-7 for adiscussion of epidemiology;pages 8-14 for basic contentrelative to communicable

disease; and page 14 forbasic concepts related tothe degenerative diseases.

The emphasis in this strandis placed on community orpublic health action avail-able or required to alleviatedisease conditions in oursociety. Refer also toStrand IV, Human-Ecology andWorld Health for theseimportant interrelationships.



B. Chronic anddegenerativediseases

Although the communicablediseases are being replacedby the chronic and degenerativediseases, they continue to bemajor public health problems.

The chronic and degenerativediseases constitute the leadingcauses of death in the UnitedStates.

The chronic diseases are asignificant cause of dis7ability.

32


Identify, in order of Accord

importance, the major Health

communicable diseases which living

are public health problems detect

in the United States. favora

- Are these also major the ho

public health problems agent,

in other parts of the vironm

world? Explain. 287-28

- What kinds of changes descrihave occurred in the past of dis

10 years? 20 years?Why?

- What part do the follow-

ing health sciences playin their_control?. Bacteriology. Immunology. Epidemiology. Pharmacology

What are some of the public Johns,

health implications with compar

regard to the increase in causes

the numbers of cases of United

degenerative diseases?

'Identify and describe thefive major chronic diseasesin the United States.

- Whom do they affectmainly?

- Are they primarily dis-abling or leading causes

of death?

Obtain statistics of theleading causes of death

1963 0figuremay beNew Yoof Hea

Chronidefinegeneraeffectdisabllesserprogreage.

PPLE

cord

21th

vingtect

vorae hoent,

ronm7-28

scridis

hns,mparusesited63- o

gurey bew YoHea

Tonifinenera'feet

sab l

sser

ogree.


Although the communicablcdiseases are being replacedby the chronic and degenerativediseases, they continue to bemajor public health 'problems.

The chronic and degenerativediseases constitute the leadingcauses of death in the United.States.

The chronic diseases are asignificant cause of dis-ability.


Identify, in order ofimportance, the majorcommunicable diseases whichare public health problemsin the United States.- Are these also majorpublic health problemsin other parts of theworld? Explain.

- That kinds of changeshave occurred in the past10 years? 20 years?Why?

- That part do the follow-ing health sciences playin their control?. Bacteriology. Immunology. Epidemiology. Pharmacology

32

What are some of the publichealth implications withregard to the increase inthe numbers of cases ofdegenerative diseases?

Identify and describe thefive major chronic diseasesin the United States.

- WhoM do they affect'mainly?

- Are they primarily dii-

ablingior leading causes

of death?

Obtain statistics of theleading causes of death


According to Johns, et al,Health for effectiveliving, "Disease is thedetectable result of the un-favorable equilibrium betweenthe host and the diseaseagent in a particular en-vironment." See pages287-289 for a more completedescription of the natureof disease.

Johns, et al, provide acomparison table for leadingcauses of death in theUnited States-for 1900 and1963 on page 333. Latest

figures for New York Statemay be obtained through theNew York State Departmentof Health.

Chronic diseases are simplydefined as those whichgenerally have a long-termeffect, are permanent, aredisabling to a more orlesser degree, or becomeprogressively worse withage. These diseases

MAJOR UNDERSTANDINGS AND SUGGESTED TEACHING AIDS SUPPLE

OUTLINE OF CONTENT FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS AND LEARNING ACTIVITIES

Geriatrics is the branch ofmedicinewith thediseasesage.

which concerns itselfaging ,process and the

most common to old

33

50 years ago and comparewith those of today.- What kinds of changeshave occurred? Why?

Show and discuss thefollowing films availablethrough the New York StateDepartment of Health FilmLibrary:- Allergies- The quest- Heart disease:causes

its major

Invite the public healthcommissioner to class todiscuss the changing roleof public health from thecontrol of communicablediseases to the dhronicand degenerative diseases.Why are chronic diseasesmore of a problem todaythan 50 year_ s ago?

At what age do most ofthese diseases maketheir appearance?

- Is there anything peoplecan do while young toprevent these diseases?What does the future holdfor people in relationto longevity and disease?Does the nature of ourthoughts over a lifetimebear -any relationship todisease and health in

may occare usthe ay."agingintensifields

whichaging p(2) ge

concerntions,common

Any lisconstiterativeelude t

_1. Cardiseheaand

2. Cancclukinvaryco

3. Diab4. The

inclgout

S. Cert

toemphbron

6. Allekind

7. A wwhi

PLE

F

occus

agiingens i

lds,

ch ing pgecernns,

mon

lis

stittiveide t

CarddiseheaandCancclu.

kin.

varycot

DiabThe

incl

goutCertto

emph

bronAllekindA wwhi.


Geriatrics is the branch ofmedicine which concerns itselfwith the aging process and thediseases most common tooldage.

33

SO years ago and comparewith those of today.- What kinds of changeshave occurred? Why?

Show and discuss thefollowing films availablethrough the New York StateDepartment of Health FilmLibrary:- Allergies- The quest- Heart disease: its majorcauses

Invite-the public healthcommissioner to class todiscuss the changing roleof public health from thecontrol of communicablediseases to the chronicand degenerative diseases.- =Why are ?chronic diseases

more of a problem todaythan 50 years ago?

- At what age do most ofthese diseases maketheir appearance?

- Is there anything peoplecan do while young toprevent these diseases?

- What does the future holdfor people in relationto longevity and disease?

- Does the nature of ourthoughts over a lifetime

-bear any relationship todisease and health in

SUPPLEMENTARY-INFORMATIONFOR TEACHERS

may occur at any age butare usually associated withthe aging process: Our"aging population" hasintensified research in thefields of (1) gerontology,which is concerned with theaging process, and(2) geriatrics, which isconcerned with the condi-tions, especially diseases,common to the aged.

Any listing of the chronic,constitutional, or degen-erative diseases

,

will in-clude the:1. Cardiovascular-renal

diseases which includeheart attacks, strokes,and nephritis

2. Cancer. This would in-clude several differentkinds of cancer withvarying, as well ascommon, characteristics.

3. Diabetes mellitus4. The rheumatoid diseases,

including arthritis andgout

S. Certain chronic respira-_- tory diseases, such as

emphysema and chronicbronchitis

6. Allergic reactions of allkinds

7. A whole host of diseaseswhich affect the nervous-

MAJOR UNDERSTANDINGS AND SUGGESTED TEACHING AIDS . SUPPLE

OUTLINE OF CONTENT FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS AND LEARNING ACTIVITIES

r

34

later life; are happy sys

thoughts better for our sys

long-term physical inchealth than sour andthoughts? Explain! _

Figuredo'notextentproblediseasto meakindssuffer'whichhere tneedsthe fu


later life; are happythoughts better for ourlong-term physicalhealth than sourthoughts? Explain!

34


system and the muscularsystems. Examples wouldinclude multiple sclerosisand epilepsy.

Figures related to mortalitydo, not reflect the realextent of the public healthproblems related to thesediseases. One must attemptto measure or conceive thekinds and amounts of humansuffering and disabilitywhich exists. It is probablyhere that public healthneeds to address itself inthe future.

APPENDIX A

Community Clean Air Checklist

Even problems vf air pollution which require a regional or a national approach are depeFor this reason every clean air program must start with the question: Is my community doipollution?

The United States Public Health Service reports that every area with a popUlation over 5smaller communities, have polluted air. But this doesn't tell the complete story. A tiny tnuisance in or neat it can have pollution problems just as severe as those of the large metre

Each community must wage the fight for clean air on many fronts. The following questionserve as a checklist:

CHECKLIST

1. Is there an air pollution control agency and apollution control ordinance?

2. Is the community monitoring the quality of itsair?

3. Does the community have air quality standardsand goals?

4. Do major users of heavy fuel oil and coal usecontrol devices, to reduce the emission of smokeand soot?

35

COMMENT

1. Such an ordinance should proviof pollution sources and the eshould be adequately staffed .

2. More than 200 municipalities klevels of pollutants in the aistations of the National Air PAdministration's National AirOther cities have equipment thinformation about air quality.

3. Each geographic area of New Yoclassified as to the air qualiachieved. Limits have been seof suspendedand settleable pasulfur dioxide, hydrogen sulfioxidantsand for fluorides infor cattle. (See Part 501, AmStandards - Classification Sys

4. Modern controls can keep up toparticulate matter out of theare mandatory in many areas.

a

c

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t 4

usi

Cl

ol]

01

0

I

2

epe

doi

er S

t

etro

tion

ENT

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4 Yo

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; in

,AmSys

) to

the

APPENDIX A

Community Clean Air Checklist

air pollution which require a regional or a national approach are dependent on local action.clean air program must start with the question: Is my community doing enough about air

s Public Health Service reports that every area with a population over 50,000, and manyhave polluted air. But this doesn't tell the complete story. A tiny town with a larget can have pollution problems just as severe as those of the large metropolis.

t wage the fight for clean air on many fronts. The following questions are intended to

CHECKLIST COMMENT

llution control agency and aordinance?

onitoring the quality of its

have air quality standards

heavy fuel oil and coal usereduce the emission of smoke

35

1. Such an ordinance should, provide for adequate controlof pollution sources and the enforcement agencyshould be adequately staffed and financed.

2. More than 200 municipalities keep informed about thelevels of pollutants in the air through localstations of the National Air Pollution ControlAdministration's National Air Survcillance Network.Other cities have equipments that gives more detailedinformation about air quality.

3. Each geographic area of New York State has beenclassified as to the air quality which must beachieved. Limits have been set on permissible levelsof suspended and settleable particulate mattersulfur dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, carbon monoxide,oxidants - and for fluorides in air and in forage,for cattle. (See Part 501, Ambient Air QualityStandards - Classification System.)

4. Modern controls can keep up to 99 percent ofparticulate matter out of the air. These controlsare mandatory in many areas.

CHECKLIST

S. Are actual and potential industrial emissionsunder regulation?

6. Are there regulations controlling the.installa-tion of new residential and business equipmentthat may cause pollution?

7. Does the community have a satisfactory methodof trash disposal?

8 Are there arrangements for smokeless disposalof leaves in your community?

9. Is there a formal body, including representa-tives of government, industry, and the public,organized to improve the quality of the air?

10. Is there an organization concerned with plansfor mass transit, land use, and open spaces?

11. Are there regulations covering the type andquality of the fuel that is used in the

community?

12. Is the community making full use of outsidefinancial help?

4

COMMENT CI

S. In many cases, careful supervisby industry can keep the emissiindustrial equipment to a liveanew equipment is installed, locreview the plans to ensure thatcontrol devices and techniques

ter

6. Home furnaces and incinerators,ment and boilers, and other sucbe inspected by pollution contrinstallation.

7. Although burning trash in openmethod, it is also the most in&harmful. A properly planned inerable; a well-run landfill sti

8. Smoke from burning leaves is amirritating of pollutants.

group, meeting reguthe problem, bringstimulate a contin

9. A citizens'attention spn

to bear, andclear air.

10. It should consider the impact oair quality. Air pollution happlanning is needed to prevent iwind patterns ihould be consideparks, residential areas, highwfacilities are laid out.

mer

cc

be

nt,

ovE

12i

11. A growing number of municipalitto decrease emissions of sulfur

12. State and Federal funds often aset up pollution control progrexisting programs. In many cas

36

10T

el

ma}

rr

rvis

ssi

.vea

loc

:hat

tes

suc

tntr.

ine

1 in

sti

am.

?egu

!ing.

ltin

:t o

hap

It i

ide

ghwa

slit

L fur

an a

tgr-

cas

CHECKLIST

tential industrial emissions

ions controlling the installa-ential and business equipmentllution?

y have a satisfactory method

ments for smokeless disposalcommunity?

body, including representa-nt, industry, and the public,ove the quality of the air?

ization concerned with plansland use, and open spaces?

ions covering the type andel that is used in the

making full use of outside

36

COMMENT

S. In many cases, careful supervision and-cooperationby industry can keep the emissions from even oldindustrial equipment to a liveable minimum. Whennew equipment is installed, local officials shouldreview the plans to ensure that the best possiblecontrol devices and techniques are used.

6. Home furnaces and incinerators, drycleaning equip-ment and boilers, and other such equipment shouldbe inspected by pollution control .officials beforeinstallation.

7. Although burning trash in open dumps is the cheapestmethod, it is also the most inefficient and mostharmful. A properly planned incinerator is pref-erable; a well-run landfill still better.

8. Smoke from burning leaves is among the mostirritating of pollutants.

9. A citizens -' group, meeting regularly,-can focusattention on the problem, bring community resourcesto bear, and stimulate a continuing dialogue onclear air.

10. It should consider the impact of its decisions onair quality. Air pollution happens by default;planning is needed to prevent it. Such factors aswind patterns should be considered when industrialparks, residential areas, highways, and recreationalfacilities are laid out.

11. A growing number of municipalities have regulationsto decrease emissions of sulfur and smoke.

12. State and Federal funds often are available to helpset up pollution control programs or improveexisting programs. In many-cases, a community can

CHECKLIST COMMENT

12. (Continued)

13. Do pollution control efforts end at thecommunity's border?

receive several dollars in aidit spends.

13. Adjoining communities often shpollution problem. Their offishould work together for mutua

Further information on any of these Federal programs can be obtained from the National.Administration, U.S. Public Health Service, Washington, D.C., or from any of the nine regionaDepartment of Health, Education and Welfare, situated in Boston, New York, Charlottesville,(VChicago, Kansas City (tlissouri), Dallas, Denver, and San Francisco.

Source: Clean air for your communityU.S. Department of Health,Education and Welfare.Publication #1544.

New York State Department of Environmental Conservation50 Wolf RoadAlbany, New York- 12201

Pollution primer. National Tuberculosis and RespiratoryDisease Association. New York. (Free)

37

HECKLIST COMMENT

.

of dff67.frAd at the

receive several dollars in aid for each dollarit spends.

13. Adjoining communities often share the same airpollution problem. Their officials and citizensshould work together for mutual benefit.

on on any of these Federal programs can be obtained from the National Air Pollution Controlublic Health Service, Washington, D.C., or from any of the nine regional officct of theEducation and Welfare, situated in Boston, New York, Charlottesville (Virginia), Atlanta,Missouri), Dallas, Denver, and San Francisco.

your communitynt-of-Health,Welfare.

1544.

ent of Environmental Conservation

ional Tuberculosis and RespiratoryNew York. (Free)

37

APPENDIX B

Community Air Pollution Control Responsibility

Federal Clean Air Act of 1967:

Agencies involved in air pollution control

A. Atomic Energy Commission. Nationwide sampling program

Nuclear detonations and fallout. Use of isotopes

All airborne radioactive material

B. Department of AgricultureAs it affects persons, animals, and plants

C. Department of Commerce. t_tional Bureau of Standards in chemical and physical problems, especially with

methods of study analysis and techniques .

Weather Bureau - through continuous measurements of temperature, motion, humidity,and the_changing properties of the atmosphere

. Civil Aeronautics Administration - with effects of visibility and aircraft operation

D. Department of Defense. Relation of visibility and flight safety. Effects on health and safety of personnel. Control in plants operated-by services

E. Department of Interior. Bureau of Mines concerned with utilization of fuels and.minerals

Key dates in Federal Clean Waters Program:

1899, Rivers and Harbors Act.Prohibited discharge or deposit into anynavigable cers of any refuse except thatwhich flowed from streets and sewers in aliquid state.

- 1912,,Public Health Service Act.Authorized surveys and studies of waterpollution, particularly as it affectedhuman health.

- 1924 Oil Pollution Act.Prohibited oil discharges into coastalwaters dama^ing to aquatic life, harborsand docks, and recreational facilities.

- 1948, First Federal Water PollutionControl Act with a 5-year expirationdate.'

- 1953, Federal Water PollutionControl Act extended for 3 years.

- 1956, First permanent Federal WaterPollution Control Act.'Extended and strengthened the 1948 law inareas of enforcement and research andinitiated grants for construction of munici-pal waste treatment works and research.

APPENDIX C

- 1965, Water Quality Act, furtherFederal Water Pollution Controla Federal Water Pollution Controlin the Department of Health, EducWelfare. Required establishmentstandards for all interstate and

-' 1966, Federal Water Pollution Contransferred to Department of the_President's Reorganization Plan N

1967, Clean Water Restoration ActFederal Water Pollution Control Acreased authorizatim for grantssewage treatment plants, for reseto State water pollution controladministration of the Oil PollutiSecretary of the Army to the SecrInterior.

39/410

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trb

a

:tr

an

far

Achaaq

ea

5-

P

-d

nt.ct

,th

,r

.w

herol AtrolEducent _

and

Conthe

an N

Act

ol Aantsreserolluti

Secr

lean Waters Program:

rbors Act.e or deposit into anyany refuse except that

streets and sewers in a

Service Act.and studies of waterarly as it affected

Act.

harges into coastalaquatic life, harbors

eational facilities.

Water Pollution5-year expiration

Pollutiond for 3 years.

nt Federal Waterct

thened the 1948 law int and.research and

construction of munici-works and research.

APPENDIX C

- 1965, Water Quality Act; further amending theFederal Water Pollution Control Act. :_;tablished

a Federal Water Pollution Control Administrationin the Department of Health, Education, andWelfare. Required establishment of water qualitystandards for all interstate and coastal waters.

- 1966, Federal Water Pollution Control Administrationtransferred to Department of the Interior underPresident's Reorganization 1317 No. 2.

- 1967, Clean Water Restoration Act, further amendingFederal Water Pollution Control Act. Greatly in-

,

s-----7-creased authorizations for grants to help build

sewage treatment plants, for research, and for grantsto State water pollution control programs. Transferredadministration of the Oil Pollution Act from theSecretary of the Army to the Secretary of theInterior.

39/0

001(

Th

A

Ar

Ay

B

Bel

B

C

OOKS

MULTIMEDIA RESOURCESGrades 7, 8, 9

STRAND IVENVIRONMENTAL AND COMMUNITY HEALTH

ENVIRONMENTAL AND PUBLIC HEALTH

TEACHER REFERENCES

These supplementary aids have- nbeen evaluated. The list isappended for teacher convenienconly and teachers in the fieldare requested to criticallyevaluate the materials and toforward their comments to theCurriculum Development Center.

Many books listed here will be of value to students as well as to teachers.

American Association of School Administrators. Conservation - in the people's hands. National EducationAssociation. 1201 16th Street N.W., Washington, D.C. 20036. 1964.

The AmeriCan Museum of Natural History. Can man survive? A Centennial Publication: Garden,City, New York:Natural History Press. 1969.

Anderson, C. L. Community health. St. Louis: :Mosby: 1969.

Ardrey, R. The territorial imperative. New York: Delta - Dell. A968.

Aylesworth, T. G. Our polluted world. Middletown, Connecticut: American Education Publications. 1965.

Bardach, J. E. Downstream. New York: Harper & Row. 1967.

Behrman, A. S. Water is everybody's business. Garden City: Doubleday. 1968.

Briggs, Peter. Water - the vital essence. New York: Harper & Row. 1967.

Carr, D. E. Death of the sweet waters. New York: Norton. 1966.-

Carson, Rachel. Silent spring. New York: Houghton Mifflin. 1962.

Cities, A Scientific American Book. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. 1965.

41

oni

Cox

rev

Cunt

Curl

Nf

ar7

P)

arl

lavi

)eBi

I Mc.

ubc

hrl

h rl

he

er,

jBit

ura

nant, J. B. Slums and suburbs. New York: McGraw-Hill. 1961.

Cox, G. W., ed. Readings in conservation ecology. New York: Appleton - Century - Crofts. 1969.

rew, R. A. E. Health, its nature and conservation. London: Pergamon Press. 1965.

Cunningham, F. F. 1001 questions answered about water resources. New York: Dodd Mead. 1967.

urtis, Richard & Hogan, Elizabeth. Perils of the peaceful atom: the myth f sage nuclear power plants,New York: Ballantine. 1970.

arling, F. F. & Milton, J. P. Future environments of North America. Garden City, New York: Natural HistoryPress. 1966.

arling, Louis & Darling, Lois. A place in the sun. New York: Morrow. 1968.

avies, C. N., ed. Aerosol science. New York: Academic Press. 1968.

eBach, P. Biological control of insect pests and weeds. New York: Reinhold. 1964.

ouglas, W. Wilderness bill of rights. Boston: Little, Brown. 1965.

ubos, Rene. Mirage of health. Garden City, New York: Anchor Books, Doubleday. 1961

So human an animal .--New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. 1970.

Man adapting. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press. 1965.

Man, medicine and environment. New York, Washington, London: Praeger. 1968.

hrlich, Paul. The Population Bomb. New York: Ballantine Books. 1968.

hrlich, P. R., & Ehrlich, A. H. Population, resources, environment: issues in human ecology. San FranciscFreeman. 1970.

he Environmental Pollution Panel, President's Science Advisory Committee. Restoring the quality of ourenvironment. Washingtca, D. C.: U.S. Government Printing Office.

eitermayer, E. Redolg America. New York: Collier. 1969.

uran, Raymond. The problem of water - a world study. New York: American i ir, 1967.

42

Future environment of North America: Conservation Foundation Conference. New York: Natural

Goldman, Marshall, ed. Controlling pollution. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice Hill.

Graham, Frank. Disaster by default; politics and water pollution. Philadelphia: Lippincott.

Since silent spring. New York: Houghton-Mifflin. 1970.

Green, M. F. & Ryan, 0. The school children growing up in the slums. Signet._

Groen, Pier. The waters of the seas. London and Princeton, New Jersey: Van Nostrand. 1967.

Haiacy, D. S., Jr. The water crisis. New York: E. P. Dutton. 1966.

Hanlon, J. Principles of public health adltinistration. St. Louis: Mosby. 1969.

Hardin, G., ed. Population, evolution and birth control. San Francisco: Freeman. 1969.

Science, conflict and society, readings from Scientific American. San Francisco: Free

Herfindahl, 0. C. & Kneese, A. V. Quality of environment. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press.

Hitchcock, L. B., ed. The fresh water of New York State: its conservation and use. Dubuque,

Brown. 1967. (Contains proceedings of a symposium held at State University of. New York at

Hopkins, Edward. Water purification control. Baltimore: Willims & Wilkins. 1966.

Kormondy, E. Concepts of ecology. New York: Prentice Hall. 1969.

Marx, Wesley. The frail ocean. New York: Ballantine Books. 1967.

e w

McHarg, I. L. Design with nature. New York: The Natural History Press. 1969.

Medical and Health Research Association of New York City. Poverty and health in the United S

Health Research Association, 40 North Street, New York, New York. 1968.

MOsS, F. E. The water crisis. New York: Praeger. 1967.-

National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders. Report of Natio-tal Advisory Commission on C

Nikolaieff, G. A. The water crisis. Bronx, New York: Wilson. 1967.

43

es

Thin

't

ear

cis

cz

we

gal

1.

rth America: Conservation Foundation Conference. New York: Natural History Press. 1966.

Controlling pollution. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice Hall. 1967.

At . r by default; politics and water pollution. Philadelphia: Lippincott. 1966.

ng. New York: Houghtop-Mifflin. 1970.

:'he school children growing up in the slums. Signet.

p67. is of the seas. London and Princeton, New Jcrsey: Van Ncstrand. 1967.

e water crisis. New York: E. P. Dutton: 1966.

f public health administration. St. Louis: Mosby. 1969.

tion, evolution and birth control. San Francisco: Freeman. 1969.

and society, readings from Scientific American. San Francisco: Freeman. 1969.

ese, A. V. Quality of environment. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press. 1965.

The fresh water of New York State: its conservation and use. Dubuque, Iowa: William C.

ins proceedings of a symposium held at State University of New York at Buffalo.)

purification control. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins. 1966.

iee

at

f ecology. New York:- Prentice Hall. 1969.

it ocean. New York: Ballantine Books. 1967.

'th nature. New York: The Natural History Press. 1969.

earth Association of New York City. Poverty and health in the United States. Medical and

ciation, 40 North Street, New York, New York. 1968.

crisis. New York: Praeger. 1967.

ission on Civil Disorders. Report of National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders.

water crisis. Bronx, New York: Wilson. 1967.

43

Odum, Eugene. Ecology. Modern Biology Series. New-York: Rinehart & Winston. 1963.

Paddock, William & Paddock, Paul. Famine - 1975: America's decision, who will survive. B1968.

Rienow, Robert & Rienow, L. T. Moment in the sun. New York: Ballantine Books. 1967.

Rudd, R. Pesticides and t:e living landscape. Madison, Wisconsin: University of Wisconsin

Scheps, M. & Ridley, J. C., ed. Public health and population. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania: UPittsburgh Press. 1966.

Scott, J. M. Rain - man's greatest gift: the story of water. San Bernadino, California.

Shepard, Paul & McKinley, Daniel, ed. The subversive science: essays toward an ecology ofMifflin. 1969. (Contains an extensive bibliography for further reading, pp. 440-453.)

Sinacore, J. S. Reath - a quality of life. New York: Macmillan. 1968.

State *of Ohio, Department of Health. Rat control - prevent disease. 1963.

Stevens, K. M. Ecology and etiology of human disease. Springfield, Illinois: Charles C.Th

Storer; J. L. Man in the web of life. New York: Signet Science Library (paperback). 1968.

Vayda, A. P., ed. Environment and cultural behavior. New York: Natural History Press. 196

Vores, F. E. Medical aspects of space flight. Washington, D.C.: National Aeronautics and S1964.

Whitten, J. L. That we may live. Princeton, New Jersey: Van Nostrand. 1966.

Whyte, W. Last landscape. =New York: Doubleday. 1968.

Wise, William. Killer smog: the world's worst air pollution disaster. New York: Rand McNa

World Health 0ganization. Noise, an occupational hazard and public heaZth haxard. lrvingtoColumbia University Press. 1964.

44

nsin

a.

of

odern Biology Series. New York: Rinehart & Winston. 1963.

k, Paul. Famine - 1975: Amerida's decision, who will survive. Boston: Little, Boston.

. T. -Moment in the sun. New York: Ballantine Books. 1967.

iving landscape. Madison, Wisconsin: University of Wisconsin Press. 1964.

1, Public ,health and population. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania: University of

greatest gift:e_story of water. San Bernadino, California. 1967.

Daniel, ed. The subversive science: essays toward an ecology of man. Boston: Houghton,ins an extensive bibliography for further reading, pp. 440-453.)

a quality of life. New York: Macmillan. 1968.

of HEalth. Rat control - prevent disease. 1963.

d etiology of human disease. Springfield, Illinois: Charles C. Thomas, Publisher. 1967.

web'of life. New York: Signet Science Library (paperback). 1968.

C. lb

1968.

196 nment and cultural behavior. New York: Natural History Press. 1969.

Ind S acts of space flight. Washington, D.C.: National Aeronautics and Space Administration.

McNa

Lngto

ay live. Princeton, New Jersey: -Van Nostrand. 1966.

New York: Doubleday. 1968.

og: the world's worst air pollution disaster. New York: Rand McNally. 1968.

. Noise, an occupational hazard and public health hazard. Irvington-on-Hudson, New York:ss. 1964.

44

BOOKS

STUDENT REFERENCES

Teachers will find that most books listed here will be of value to themselves as well a

Ames, Gerald & Wyler, Rose. Food and life. Mankato, Minnesota: Creative Educational Socie

Aylesworth, T. G. This vital air, this vital water: man's environmental crisis. Chicago:

Battan, Louis. The unclean sky: a meteorologist looks at air pollution. Garden City, New1966.

Benarde, M. A. Our precarious habitat: an integrated approach to understanding man's effecNew York: W. W. Norton. 1970.

Billington, E. T. Understandinv ecology: how all living things affect each other and the wlive. New York: Frederick Warne. 1968.

Bird, John. Our dying waters. New York: Curtis Publishing. 1966.

Borgstrom, George. loo many: a study of tho emi;'s biological limitations. New York: Ma

Bregman, J. I & Lenormand, Sergel. The pollution paradox. Washington, D. C.: Spartan Book

Carlson, C. W. & Carlson, B. W. Water fit to use. New York: John Day. 1966.

Carr, D. E. The breath of the problem of poisoned air. New York: W. W. Norton. 19

Clark, Kenneth. Dark ghetto. New York: Harper & Row. 1965.

Gasman, R. F. A different kind of country. New York: Macmillan. 1968.

DeBell, Garrett, ed. The environmental handbook. New York: Ballantine Books. 1970.

Defoe, Daniel. The journal of the plague year.

Dunlop, Richard. Doctors of the American frontier. Garden City, New York: Doubleday. 196

45

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196

STUDENT REFERENCES

find that most books listed here will be of value to themselves as well as to their students.

er, Rose. Food and life. Mankato, Minnesota: Creative Educational Society. 1966.

This vital air, this vital water: man's environmental crisis. Chicago: Rand McNally. 1968.

unclean sky: a meteorologist looks at air pollution. Garden City, New York: Anchor Books.

precarious habitat: an integrated approach to understanding man's effect on his environment.Norton. 1970.

Understanding ecology: how all living things affect each other and the world in which theyFrederick Warne. 1968.

ling waters. New York: Curtis Publishing. 1966.

Too many: a study of the earth's biological limitations. New York: Macmillan. 1969.

mud, Sergel. The pollution paradox. Washington, D. C.: Spartan Books. 1966.

:Hsu, B. W. Water fit to use. New York: John Day. 1966.

eath of ZiP: the problem of poisoned air. New York: W. W. Norton. 1965..

rk ghetto. New York: Harper & Ro& 1965.

fferent kind of country. New York: Macmillan. 1968.

The environmental handbook. New York: Ballantine Books. 1970.

journal of the plague year.

'octors of the American frontier. Garden City, New York: Doubleday. 1962.

4S

Eberle, Irmengarde. Modern medical discoveries. New York: Crowell. 1960.

Fesher, Todd. Our overcrowded world: a background book on the population crisis. New York

Press. 1969.

Friendly, Natalie. Miraculous web: the balance of life. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Pr

Gay, Kathlyn. Where the people are: cities and their future. New York: Delacorte Press.

Gordon, Mitchell. Sick cities. New York: Macmillan. 1963.

Grant, Madeleine. Wonder world of microbes. New York: McGraw-Hill. 1964.

Halprin, Lawrence. Freeways. New York: Reinhold. 1966.

Hay, John. In defense of nature. Boston: Little, Brown. 1969.

Herber, Lewis.. Crisis in our cities. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall. 1965.

Hill, R. N. The doctors who conquered yellow fever. New York: Random House. 1957.

Hirsh, S. C. The living communitt,.: a-venture into ecology. New York: Viking Press. 1966

Hoffman, P. G. World without want. New York: Harper & Row. 1962.

Hyde, M. 0. Medicine in action: today and tomorrow. New York: McGraw-Hill. 1964.

Kreig, Margaret. Green medicine: the search for plants that heal. Chicago: Rand McNally.

Lapage, Geoffrey. Man against disease. New York: Abelard-Schuman. 1964.

Lawrence, Schriver & Powers, Vorhause. Your health and safety. New York: Harcourt Brace

Leinward, Gerald, ed. Air and water pollution. Problems of Amer'.can Society Series. New Y

Square Press. 1969.

Linton, R. M. Terracide: America's destruction of her living environment. Boston: Little

Loebl, Suzanne & Riedman, S. R., ed. Fighting the unseen: the story of viruses. New York:

1967.

46

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rcrowded world: a background book on the population crisis. New York: Parents' Magazine

raculous web: the balance of life. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall. 1968.

L966

he people are: cities and their future. New York: Delacorte Press. 1969.

k cities. New York: Macmillan. 1963.

der world of microbes. New York: McGraw-Hill. 1964.

eeways. . New York: Reinhold. 1966.

Lly.

ice

:14 Y

:tle

irk:

of nature. Boston:' Little, Brown. 1969.

in our cities. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall. 1965.

rs who conquered yellow fever. New York: Random House. 1957.

ng community: a venture into ecology.' New York: Viking Press. 1966.

without want. New York: Harper & Row. 1962.

in action: today and tomorrow. New York: McGraw-Hill. i964.

n medicine: the search for plants that heal. Chicago: Rand McNally. 1964.

against disease. New York: Abelard-Schuman. 1964.

rowers, Vorhause. Your health and safety. New York: Harcourt, Brace and World. 1969.

Air and water pollution. Problems of American Society Series. New York:- Washington

de: America's destruction of her living environment. Boston: Little, Brown 1970.

an, S. R., ed. Fighting the unseen: the story of viruses. New York: Abelard-Shuman.

46

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opponents of __=Appleton_-Century._

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.of the American environment." This is a collection of articles by distinguished

---------

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ton=e-x eriments for junior and senior high =_school science cZasses. Edited by Donald C. Hunterers Chairman. Education Committee, Mid-Atlantic States Section, Air Pollution Control

TeoPubli-siiirig Com

Wailing down miy

Weil of theE00of Healtill vtatkt

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Bulletin on Conservation Education. 1250 Connecticut Avenue, Washington

esearch Services Inc. Environmental__ education. fMadison Wisconsin.

Humble Oil and Refining Co. Public Relations Department. Room 4192,

You can help keep air and water clean.

_ Kaiser Aluminum and Chemical Corp. 300 Lakeside Drive, Oakland,-the mon-made planet: 1970.

_ Box 2-180,_ Houst Co

r-an

California 94604. Kaiser emic

League of _Women Voters of the United States. The big_ water ,fight - trials and triumphs znirablems o 4, onution, floods, and-planning across the _ S. rattlebora-

bon

Nationa lenc

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L-,k_ Divisions: New York State Department of Health: _-

1 Pollution Control Board_

Division of Air Resources, 84 Holland Avenue, Albany, New York 12208. Action for clean aiDivision of Pure Waters, 84 Holland Avenue, Albany, New York 12208.

io r aphy. - September ,

ossary of most- frequently terms in Water pollution control.e-waters pro res

ure Waers pi'o prepared project_ABATES. September 9.-- S0 2 was es the effluence of an affluent society. Addressed_by Arthur Handley. Septe7_---- Division of enera Engineering and a io Oticll Health This division _idivided into six

= which-3 located at Central Avenue, Albany, York Zan-era 2 maintenance.en

reau of Food and Recreatic

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Soil Conservation Society of America, 7515 N. E. Ankeny Road, Ankeny, Iowa- 50021. The wo ety

uherculosis and Respiratory Disease Association. Air pollution, the acts. irat

University- =of the___Stat&_of New =York._ __The_-State Education _Department.

Arborsi,:evidwil- Zi- --- -- s-t---:_-=--- -1-- --

ir4p-al= -2=4 :i---ei!--_

)11-cations :: o

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Commission Series. Technical Information. Washington ommi

.strata or a Ztv le environmen Re ort of Task Force in Environmental and -Heal

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lety-of America, 15 N. E. Ankeny Road, Ankeny, Iowa 50021. The wonder of water.

iratory Disease sociatibn. =Aim=pol=lution,_ the facts.

ew Yor State - Education = Department. Publ ications :

u rriculum ve o merit-Center

ricu=

um- elo e Cent

omdission vision o ormation.

nvironmen Problems.

minis rati idation

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ervice PUblications

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e obtained -froin Federal _Water Pollution Control__Administration _

Public _en no-.'- pollution._The _public- Oath_

'e== drinking pater =in--_=--sotirdea=of=Asr7-poliuts-coita =t -Pub-;- No .-_-1548;

e three giant - -atEaehincr our =mater

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International Documents Service, 2960 n.ica

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Crisis on the Kanawha. ORS. 22 minutes. Color.Causes of pollution are discussed and methods of prevention and treatment shown. =ion

decent burial. 121/2 minutes. Color. min

The film explains the effectiveness and economy of the sanitary-landfill method of re s th

op=a safe_ one NMPC. 10 minutes. b&w.

Illustrates the danger =of= drinking water from streams exposed to pollution and reveae _control u wa

-wet e 2minu e

rang

Good e lanation of_evaporation, transpiration, condensation, and precipitation givenexplains how=water constantly =moves an es om-one state =to anot

_zminu

study= _of the curren :air allution roblem._ _ Factors_- involv=ed_ _in _air ()Hut ion_ Are

cons

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s our ecisi lean water: minutes. olor.The film stresses _the need for imme late community action to ensure abundant supplies

the future. e decision to have good sewage treatment depends on the will of the commu

es

-re

exce

ion are discussed and methods of prevention and treatment shown.. ORS. 22 minutes. Color .

.

_ .minutes . lbr .

Is the effectiveness and economy of the sanitary-landfill method-of refuse disposal.s-

NMPC. 10 minute. b&14/

danger of drinking =water from streams exposed to pollution and reveals the various_

rol=he= cluality-ofgater--delivere-d-to-theTpuhlic4-= ==7.oat-er-egc-Les. =-zUWF=. -1.31/2-tinutesof ,evaporat iontransp iratibneondensa.t-ion , i_and _precipitation given while the film

constant ly_ moveswandchanges-fromrone_state=to another:

mG-H- 4- _

-air :4pOltrtiOn-It acters=-Invollibd--=- -Itr m discuts-e&--

OPi7ater--,-- :===

re-A s hown- a ttife- csu e d-=-entersr the-Thom- e---AeavesheAome.=Abi==sewarniains------- ----------s:ewa-ge_reatmeagtanty---t:o=Aht_a--s-lini&r_e_AtAs-agaiin-eVapoiatdsd=afid-r-f0511-derit_6=c1-= -"

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spb nsibtlitieSE-=-O-f4WOrkers47=growers,- _readora-iiand-btherS,=fo-r-lroviding-,-_ond-=maintaininge_arly IndicatedY = = -=====-

miriu t -;!= , _

Out-hown -po has-A:TwoWe:1z from = a7_ re tativoly- simple --problem-i-to7z complex_ =and

&lean water. SDA= 141/2 minutes: =_Color._

s=the_ need, for_immedie,community abtion_ to-ensure abundant supplies_ of clean water for _

cision to have _good-sewage treatment depends on the will- ef-the--community.

destroy- buildi.ngs , 'and spread disease. Demonstrates control-measures by_ p-oison,of- constructionb buildings . _

S . 20 minutes.--fColor.excellent presentation of community efforts to obtain a sewage treatment facility.

_

s

58

Municipal sewage treatment processes. M. 13 minutes. b&w.

Shows in detail the equipment and processes which reduce sewage to harmless effluent and s. e eqprotecting health and conserving water resources. con

Oops! 20 minutes. Color.Shows how careless actions within a plant can result in stream pollution and how to guard act

situations:

m nuocumenta treatment of the air pollution roblem_with e hasis on the health effects= to

It discusses the need-for - voluntary action by industry and the_= public in order to achieve cont. =menfor

rn

iti

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___.

--,_

1i-conserving- wate_r-Etesources-, _ __,

e functions_ o

ains t t e rea rise in t e num er of motor vehicles is threatening the economiof -our communities.

once renowned for its eatity, now aT

est me

flown authorities__express_ their views on the threat to mankind _of =ovesolutions.

Ul'at

%-=minu _Color,

ork:State Department of Health- to advanceean air.

Col

public understanding of

lm library, containing up-to-date accuratewith Fi -Catcaogue-and Supplement.

films on health subjects.

_10 minutes. Cabllution - its Ori-

25 minutes.

eople of a smallit als spa.-

oc

DEC, 10 minutes,

ions of plant rife in tatchin ant1=s-totin-wttent4itattining-=to-er-ttble.

23 minutes,: Coiaraahe greatrist in -aumnitres

economic

nnecticut River, once renowned for its grtat beauty, now a raw sewage ditch

Her

Nou

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end (ma ouse_mouth-to-mouth breathing and tells why it

auth- orit =ies express their views on the threat to mankind of overpopulation

-Eresair

rdbmeS7--

11= minutes. `Color and

Itura and -industrial=- uses-- =of water- in the==-

Control or destroy. NBCEE. 12 minutes. W.,The overpopulation warnings are a grave concern, but a crisis is less likely as farming methods

throughout the-world-improve-and more people are instructed in methods- of birth control.

Cry of the marsh. NYSCD. 12 minutes. Color.A powerful-and emotional film that captures the poetic beauty of marsh life, then the awesome 4inal_itywhich results when man reclaimi-a marsh for other _plirposes.

Le

ridda minute:an ers o u ion to city water supply systems recreational areas, to fish an wildlife aredramatica ustrate 1Na

e__=s to

er-- i- t ei-o is-=Minutes

Color. a-r- tate_ -10na e an s _hasiz- imp =ortance Apreservin erica reat2natura 7_-res=-es.: _

okeeL=o -man._ .,ze_r environzir ,minutes- -olor--aShows --Z the problems= =that nave== resulted from_the diplation;eicpfotio-h-, of ---the,_20th_ century Thechallenge -i --- OTapply otir itt-re as ed, tecLnoldgi cal :urineratan' in& to,,safeguarding a_ quality future.

ung_er,-innAmer=ioa.- ____CBSTIL ---6_0_minutes. -b&w._Presents _a study of -areaS in the 1.1S_=. dealing with poverty_ among Minority- groups-. -_ Includes suggested

rentedies ancr:=a atudy -of- the-_current fOod-pro_graMs_._ :--

land=petrayed.----NEW._----10- minutes. -_ COlor.Shows that' people are the only ones WhO Can_ Make- AM-eri_ca ugly and people- are the- only ones who can-- restore_ and:Irotect her beauty.__

Lassie's litter. NYSCD.- 28 minutes. Color.Lassie dramatizes the serious consequences of dropping litter. Her heroism an_d a man's courageprotect wildlife from annihilation.

Let's keep America beautifia. NYSCD.= 20 minutes. Color.

Deals with litterbugs and how to keep our countryside clean.

Life in the baZance. SCF. 30 minutes. Color.Photography from seven countries traces patterns of world food shortages.

Litter-1y s eaks NYSCD. 14 minutes. Color.

An antil ai n aimed a een-age level

Demonstrates our absolute dependence on an adequate supply of water and outlines st s to be followedin making water _avail=able our increasing

Nat=2,d. n=d1H-s S riti_

Shows the most common kinds of vandalism. Discusses the reasons why people deface ublic propertyand litter t si e

.Describes the water cycle as_nature's plan_for_provicling_allliving_things_with_lifegiving water.

_mxnuturban -area -is -seen L.. e-eyes guest from= -abroad-

Noibe boom. BCEE.- 26 minutes. Color.Noise is a health hazard.- This is a report on this particularly dangerous form of environmental

pollution and on--w t interested citizens and-technology can do about lessening it.

No turning_ bad NBCEE. 10 minutes. b8w.

We are presently enduring the dehumanization of the dangers of environmental pollution. It willsoon be too -late to change this direction.

Our poisoned air. CDC. 58 minutes.Answers the questions: What is air pollution? What does it do to us and our environment? What is

being done to control air p-ollution? What further action =is required?

Tr

Ra

62

Re;

Our vanishing fresh air. PGW. 55 minutes. Color.This film deals with the air pollution problems faced by industrial cities, both large and small.

People by-the_billions. =- CMGHF:= 28 minutes. b&w.Examines the implications of the population explosion.

-a ROU -.1ninUtes Color=-an

= Thg

=

o re resentatives o the automobile and petroleum industries in discussin

zt

ey relate to surplus or decline o irths over

at

±obZe ma,of=coneervation m nutDocuments_two basic water problems obtaining an adequate su lr of fresh= water and maintaining existin

ermado River waters

==minutefrom _t_he= _snow= covered Rockies to the delta in Baja California

iation in ere ec vv minutes. olor.Beneficia uses of ra ioactive materials in_medicine, research, industry, and other fields are explorethis ealt -ha arils= of radiation e osure are ftplained.

Ravag CE 27 minutes. Color.Scarred and= torn, the land of the stri mines is a desolate moonscape. Stewart Udall points out that

although strip mining is presently profitable, when land is permanently destroyed, it is both foolishand shortsighted d.

lotion ofatomic radicztion. USNAC. 29 minutes. Color.Surveys tie work of the Atomic Energy Commission in licensing and regulating the use of nuclear

materials.

ourcee of airExplain

Con

1

o?

Cri

1ollution, Fffecte _of car poliUtion, Control of U_SNAC. 5_=minutes. Color._ relationShip hetWen_the_-modt.rn=technological way -Cfitfe

The squeeze. 10 minutes. b&w.

Creates an effective basis for discussion and study of the world's population problem.

Tom Lehrer sings="Poilution." NYSCD. 21/2 minutes. Color.

Tom Lehrer-sings _about pollution in America in a humorous but dramatically expressive way.

ribute ommuni

emyIndicatest at water _can riend to_man if proper precautions_are taken to see that-it is pure.

Shows how_biologists study the interrelationships between plants, animals, and their environmente lains e i ortance studies =to manki

re.'

Crisis of the ironment . NYT. Gr. 7-12.A multimedia kit containing 5 filmstrips with records accompanied by a teacher's guide. Man the

endangered- species. Preserve and protect. Breaking the biological strand. Population explosion.

Vanishing species.

Enough water for everyone. EBEC. 45 fr. Color. (Conserving our natural resources.)_ -Gr. 7-9.The students see- visual definitions of conservation.

Envirorzmentai pollution. Ward. Color. Gr. 7-12.Contents: atmospheric pollution, fresh water pollution, land pollution, marine pollution, nature o

the - crisis - ollution control.

'VIDEO :TAPES-

The Division of Educational Communications, State Education Department,provides Stateprogram to educational institutions in New York State. Programs are available only in the

lication= rocedures or er

The followin

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mmunicatio urea'

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video ta es are available throu h Project PACT (Pro

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w ich publishedings to come-, h.

inquiry rangedand leisure-a

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conditions of contemporary cres the si e, = and desib thignificant relationship ofsurroundings.

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VIDEO TAPES

of Educational Communications, State Education Department,provides State-ovmed video tapednal-institutions in New York State. Programs are available only in the ex one-inch format.

rocedures or er forms $ -write:-

tireau mmunica ionsuca 10 _artmerit=_-- r--

'd for Commercial Television

. 10-46.wing up is a problem anywhere, ut in the big city it is a special one.

The day the fresh ai,r fund went bcrnirupt. 10-51.The ever - increasing- danger of air pollution is discussed.

And not a drop to drink. 10-52.In the Scriptures: "Cast your bread upon the water and it shall be returned

fold." This program proves we've taken that quote too literally.

Sta

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emstines prove secon s in nited States. copulation e

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Th d following series was prepared for the Graduate School of Public Affairs and produced by Ufor Educational Communications, StatUnivertity of New York at Albany. It can -be used for tea

s pretiom

tiesn: Ran' =agai,nst kris :environment. 30 min -. -Rob_ert-AierioW, Talent. envi2

t hi

eop2

h_ -par

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ecture 1 Man against his environment .. on the ideas and the actions which destroy, or

Lecture 2 Too many people ..._on == overpopulation

Lecture 3 The growth panic ... runaway production and consumption as environmental abuse

Lecture Even the greatest lectn ... ecology, as a key to responsible stewardship

Lecture 5 The _squeeze on_--earthZy Spade- _an_tirban sprawl__-and the _-1-OSs _r_Open spaca

-Lecture-6 The -great Ateridan-ithirst dangerously diminishing Waterjt-Uply_ =Amer

sh air fun.d went bankrupt. 10-51.increasing danger of air pollution is discussed.

to drink. 10-52.

riptures: "Cast your = bread =upon the water and it shall be returned to yourogram proves we've taken that quote too literally.

_e==exaskine

breed en nes=probes lems f urban living with regard o-whether or n_ot= theyava e men a ns

Robe _ -ers a epartm-e_n oclo o nwers1

by University Centerr teacher background.

environment. min. Robert Rienow,- Talent.

his environmen on the ideas and the actions which estroy,- or conserve

eople ... -on overpopulation=

panic ... runaway production and consumption as environmental abuse

eatest lean ... ecology, as a- key to responsible stewardship

e on earthly space ... an urban sprawl and the loss of open space

American J7iirst ... on dangerously diminishing water supply

67

-a-

Lecture 7 Water witches of the future ... on false claims for future water sources WI

Lecture 8 Wildeimess: our wolf mother ... on what wilderness means-to Americans demi

Lecture 9 Wilderness and the human o:nimal ... on irreplaceable losses of wilderness ern/

Lecture 10 When man plays God ... on why man must honor forms of life other than him mar

y

Lecture -extermination = o

Lecture_ 12 Agony:0

Anc-reasin ution-

'rati

r-- mE

ear

Lecture 24 The-salt- in our blood on how =we--_kIll -our -basic_ foodi--soUrce , and oursel -salt

Lecture 25 The escape hatch what_ science -_can and -canna do to -rehabilitate our e -eecc

Lecture l7- rationing_--- the newiagef loss of fresh air, and the need

Lecture 18= = Color me =green= ... =on= man as an animal needing_nature surroundings

Lecture 19 A dirty four Zetter word: junk ... on the problem of solid waste disposa

Lecture 20- To hear -or=not fro hear ... on noise, and why we =must control it

Lecture= 21 The slow kill ... on lethal chemicals

Lecture 22

Lecture 23

No place to fZee to ... how immigration increases population expansion_

What's Zeft in Davey Jone,s? locker? .. on over-estimation of the seas' r

,witches- of theffuture . on false = -cla-inis_--for__future-__water:_-sOUrce-s__

erness: -our wolf mother .- .= =on- what-- wilderness means to Americans

erness and the -ansma on irreplaceable losses of wilderness

;-playsi:God fornis-_-W_=-Iifether:--than_ himself

sources = =in e need for

--runawa

n increasin -air-

n_

-slow ...e to flee

ethal chemicals

how immigration-increases population expsnsion

left in Davey Jones' locker? .. on over-estimation of the seas' resources

scat =in our blood ... on how we kill our basic food source, and ourselves

escape hatch . what =science can and cannot do to rehabilitate our environment

Lecture 26 The big snow job ... on false assurances of environmental improvement and saf

Lectdre'27 Polities -- where the showdown_is ... on why we_must_becomeArivolved in poll

-Lecture 28 Earthrhanship ... on the interlocked relationship_of_all_envitenmental abuses;:--an-eCological-trustta-vide=amt-educate- titizenrr,-

g ant

net

-1,--_,---

g =snot job ... on false assurances of environmental = improvement and safety

cs -- where the = showdown is ... on why we must become involved in =political = action-

ship ... on the' interlocked relationship of all environmental abuses, and the need foran =eco = ogical == trust= = to = =gur educate ci izen

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_American Water Works Assoc.2- Park -- Avenue

-INeW-York,-New York

DYN Dynamic Films, Inc.

408 Park AvenueNew York, New York 10022

EBEC Encyclopaedia BritannicaEducational Corp.2628 Springhurst StreetYorktown Heights, New York 10598

um la Broadcasting Systema ison Avenue

New York 10022

mmUnicable Disease Centeru iovisual

anta, Georgia 30322

rucZnPipe Research

ial Plaza---==

rci-o4 Illinois

enter for Mans-Communication:0-1Utbia:UniverSity Press

__110-Street

York, New-York 10025-

Guidance Assoc. Div.Harcourt, Brace and WorldBox 5Pleasantville, New York 10570

IFF International Film Bureau322 S. Michigan Avenue,Chicago, Illinois 60604

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HF ontemporary/McGraw-Hill Filmsest 42nd Street

ew ork, New York 10036

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sokOnet BuildingChicago, IllinoiS 60601

PS = ay Sewer Pipessociation, Inc.300 anada Boulevard

-Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15228

Journal Films909 W. Diversey ParkwayChicago, Illinois 60604

Kaiser Steel CorporationFontana WorksP.O . Box 217Fontana, California 92335

NBCEE NBC Educational Enterprises, Inc.Room 104030 Rockefeller PlazaNew York, New York 10020

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NMPC

Henk Newenhouse Inc.1017 Longaker RoadNorthbrook, Illinois 60062

National Motion Pictures Co.165 W. 46th Stree.t

New York, New York 10036

NYH N.Y. State Department of HealthOffice of Public Health Education84 Holland AvenueAlbany,= New York 12208

NYSCD N.Y.S. Conservation DepartmentFilm LoanDivision of Conservation EducationAlbany, New York 12201

T New =York Times Book & Education Division229 West 43rd StreetNew York, New York 10036

ORS

PFP

PGW

SCF

Ohio River Valley WaterSanitation Commission

414 Walnut StreetCincinnati, Ohio 45210

Pyramid-Film-ProductionP.O. Box 1048Santa Monica, California 90406

Philadelphia Gas WorksPublic Relations Department1401 Arch StreetRoom 906Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19102

SUNY College of ForestrySyracuse UniversitySyracuse, New York 13210

71

SDA Soap and Detergent Assn.295 Madison AvenueNew York, New York

SHELL Sliell,Oil.CoMpav50 West 50th StreetNew York, New York 10020

STF Stuart Finley3428 Mansfield RoadFalls Church, Virginia 22041

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USNAC U.S. National Audiovisual CenterNational Archive. and Records ServicWashington, D.C. 20409

USPHS The Surgeon GeneralU.S. Public Health ServicePublic= Inquiries BranchWashington, D.C. 20025

USSC U.S. Steel Corp.120 Montgomery StreetSan Francisco, California 94106

UWF United World Films221 Park Avenue SouthNew York, New York 10003

VEC Visual Education Consultants2066 Helena St.Box 52Madison, Wisconsin 53701

WDP Walt Disney Productions, Inc.-SOO Buena Vista Street

Burbank, California

WNSE Ward's Natural Science Establishment, Inc.P.O. Box 1712Rochester, New York 14603

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.