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RSL Fiber Systems, LLC
This presentation is the sole property of RSL Fiber
Systems, LLC. It cannot be copied or duplicated in whole
or in part without the written consent of RSL Fiber
Systems, LLC.
National Shipbuilding Research Program
San Diego - December 7, 2015
Distributed Fiber Optic Temperature Sensing
For Naval Combatants
2
“Today we inspect. By 2020 most systems will do
self diagnostics…”Ron Vernier, CIO, Hartford Steam Boiler Co.
1. System Health Monitoring for Predictive Maintenance
2. Multi-Functional Control and Monitoring Systems
3. Multi-Functional Hardware
4. Networked Systems
INDUSTRY TRENDS
3
● Crew size reduction
● Maintenance costs
● Long deployments
● Short maintenance cycle
● Topside electronics / EMI
● Technologically advanced enemies
US FLEET REALITIES
4
FIBER OPTIC SENSING TECHNOLOGIES
Fiber Optic Distributed Temperature Sensing (DTS)
Fiber Optic Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS)
Fiber Optic Remote Methane Sensing
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TEMPERATURE - INDICATORS
Fire
Power cables’ amperage
Electrical system malfunctions
Machinery operation
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WHY DISTRIBUTED TEMPERTURE SENSING
• Large number of sensors are needed
• Exact sensor location is unclear
• Electrical temperature monitoring is impractical
• Electrical temperature monitoring is unsafe
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• Standard MM 50/125, 62.5/125 or SM fiber
• Entire fiber is the sensing unit – up to 1000 zones per fiber channel
• Up to 30 Km MM, 40 Km SM - real time monitoring thru entire length
• Temperature rise of 0.5ºC
• Spatial Resolution down to 50 cm
• Spatial Interval down to 15 cm
DISTRIBUTED TEMPERATURE SENSING
8
© LIOS TECHNOLOGY
RAMAN – DTS CONCEPT
• Temperature measurement is based on Raman Scattering: Inelastic collisions of photons
with atoms or molecules along the optical fiber. If photon loses energy to the wall, the
scattered wavelength is longer (Stokes). If a scattered photon gains energy from the
wall, the energy is larger therefore the wavelength is shorter (Anti-Stokes)
• Raman wavelengths are predictable and symmetric
• Stokes is Quasi-Temperature Insensitive
• Anti-Stokes is Temperature Sensitive
Peak Increases as Temperature Increases Higher Oscillation Energy
• Temperature calculated by Comparing Stokes to Anti-Stokes
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OFDR VS. OTDR
Optical Time Domain Reflectometry = Pulsed Laser
Optical Frequency Domain Reflectometry = Frequency sweep of
continuous laser light
Parameters OTDR OFDR
Pulse Broadening 50 ns @ 2 Km can turn into 70 ns
pulse at 25 Km Location
Uncertainty
Operation without pulses No pulse
broadening. Operation in Frequency
Domain. No Location Uncertainty.
Reliability Pulsed Laser Light = Wear on laser
electronics Laser wear
No Pulses = No Laser wear Better
Reliability (MTBF > 33 years)
Dead Zones Poor terminations with reflections at
splice ends can create dead zones of
10’s of meters. Will not detect
temperature and spatial resolution in
those regions
Not affected by poor terminations and
splices. Temperature and location
always exact.
10
LIOS DTS uses Raman Optical Frequency Domain Reflectometry (OFDR)
• Allows for a high and constant spatial resolution over long distances
• Improves long term reliability
OFDR Approach:
• Continuous wave operation
• Backscatter signal is measured in a complex fashion as a function of the modulation frequency
SENSING TECHNOLOGY
• Laser Light is FM modulated
• Controller receives # of
backscattered frequency data
• Measurement of backscattering in
the frequency domain
• Fourier Transformation to time
domain
• Intensity of Stokes & Anti-Stokes
signal is directly coupled to the
intensity of the lattice oscillation
i.e. to the local temperature
• Calculation of the temperature
profile using the internal fiber
(~150 m) as reference.
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ZONES AND ALARMS PARAMETERS
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OPERATION, DISPLAYS, DATA
Charon 3
Visualization
Software
Charon 4
Customer
Monitoring &
Control
System
LIOS Analysis
Tools
Commission
Controller
Only
Continuously Monitors and
saves data to buffer
.rft File
Hardware
Output OPTIONS
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DTS - INDUSTRY APPLICATIONSOil & Gas
• Wells drilling
• Pipelines leakage detection
• LNG / CNG tanks monitoring
Transit/Transportation
• Fire Detection
Energy Generation
• Reactor Skin temperature monitoring
• Power cable and transmission line monitoring
• Powerplant conditions monitoring
and life extension
15
DTS - IMPLEMENTATION
Oil & Gas – Pipelines Leakage Detection
© LIOS TECHNOLOGY
16
DTS - IMPLEMENTATIONPower Generation – Reactor Skin Temperature Monitoring
• Sensor Cable – Fiber in Metal
Tube (FIMT)
• Cable attached to reactor with
magnets (No Welding)
• Measuring surface temperature
of reactor and tubes
© LIOS TECHNOLOGY
17
DTS - IMPLEMENTATIONLNG – Containment Integrity Monitoring
• Full time monitoring of entire containment
• Redundant system (two DTS)
• No maintenance around containment
Temperature
Monitoring of Entire
Containment© LIOS TECHNOLOGY
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DTS - IMPLEMENTATION
Power Cables Monitoring
• Real Time Thermal Monitoring / Rating (RTTR)
• Hot spots detection
• Fiber can be embedded in cables or placed
along cables
Power Cable with
Embedded Fibers
© AP Sensing
19
DTS – FIBER OPTIC CABLESAPPLICATION WHERE
INSTALLED
TEMPERATURE
RANGE
CABLE TYPE
Fire Detection Cable Trays -40°C to +85°C MIL-PRF-85045/16
Cable RTTR(1) Cable Trays -40°C to +85°C MIL-PRF-85045/16
Cable RTTR Internal to Cable -40°C to +85°C FIMT(2) w/Acrylate
Coated Fiber
LNG Containment Containment
Outside Wall
-180°C to +85°C
(Cryogenic)
FIMT w/Polyimide
Coated Fiber
MV / HV Electrical
Panels
Inside Electrical
Panels
-40°C to +[TBD]°C High Temp
Polyimide Cable
(250°C) or FIMT for
Higher Temperature
(1) RTTR – Real Time Thermal Rating
(2) FIMT – Fiber In Metal Tube
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DTS – CONNECTORS & SPLICES
CONNECTORS at DTS
• E 2000
• Angle Polish
CONNECTIONS ALONG SENSING CABLE
• Fusion splicing
• Minimize attenuation losses and back reflections
2121
DTS – Possible Shipboard Applications
Shipboard
Monitoring &
Control
System
● Fire detection
● MV and HV electrical panels monitoring
● Machinery health monitoring
● Cabling systems health monitoring
● Others…
22
DTS SHIPBOARD IMPLEMANTATION
SENSING
APPLICATION
● Equipment
Monitoring
● Fire Detection
2001
Integrated
Sensing
SystemINCORPORATE IN
SHIPBOARD
ENVIRONMENT
● Equipment
location
● Cable layout
● Sensing zones
configuration
● Alarms set up
INTEGRATE
SYSTEM
● Integrate in
ship-wide
monitoring
systems
SENSING
HARDWARE
● DTS
Equipment
● Cable
● Connectors
● Splices /
Hardware
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POSSIBLE DTS SHIPBOARD APPLICATION
Fiber
Cable
Integration
into Power
Cable or
Placement in
Trays
Sensing Zones
Configuration
Alarm
Parameters
Solution:
Early warning to
potentially
dangerous
situations
Problems:
Fire, Cable
damage,
Electrical faults
Integration
Into ship
control &
monitoring
system
22 May 2008: USS George Washington fire - $ 70 Million Damage
24
Contact Information
Giovanni Tomasi
CEO/CTO
(860) 282-4930 ext. 4929
(860) 305-5610
RSL Fiber Systems, LLC255 Pitkin Street
East Hartford, Connecticut 06108 USA
www.rslfibersystems.com