30
i 8. REFERENCES Abakumova, O., O. V. Podobed, A. A. Borisova., K. V. Sidoruk, S. S. Aleksandrova, N. M. Omelianiuk, M. V. Pokrovskaia, L. I. Kondakova, and N. N. Sokolov, 2008. Antitumor activity of L-asparaginase from Yersinia pseudotuberculosis. Biomed. Khim, 54: 6. 712 - 719. Abakumova, O. Yu., O. V. Podobed, A. A. Borisova, K. V. Sidoruk, S. S. Alexandrova, N. M. Omelyanuk, M. V. Pokrovskaya, L. I. Kondakova, N. N. Sokolov, 2009. Antitumor activity of L-asparaginase from Yersinia pseudotuberculosis. Biochem. (Mosc.) Suppl. B. Biomed. Chem., 3: 198 - 201. Abbas Ghaderi, Mahboobeh Razmkhah, Mansooreh Jaberipour, Nasrollah Erfani, Mojtaba Habibagahi and Abdol - rasoul Talei. 2011. Adipose derived stem cells (ASCs) isolated from breast cancer tissue express IL - 4, IL - 10 and TGF - b1 and upregulate expression of regulatory molecules on T cells: Do they protect breast cancer cells from the immune response,Tissue Engineering. 266: 116 - 122. Aggarwal, S. and M. F. Pittenger, 2005. Human mesenchymal stem cells modulate allogeneic immune cell responses. Blood, 105: 1815 - 1822. Aghaiypour, K., A. Wlodawer and J. Lubkowski, 2001. Do bacterial L - asparaginases utilize a catalytic triad Thr - Tyr - Glu? Biochim. Biophy. Acta., 1550: 117 - 128. Aghaiypour, K., A. Wlodawer, J. Lubkowski, 2001. Structural basis for the activity and substrate specificity of Erwinia chrysanthemi L - asparaginase. Biochemistry, 40: 5655 - 5664. Ahmad, J., M. Rabinovitz, 2007. Etiology and Epidemiology of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cur. Clin. Oncol., 1: 1 - 22. Akiba, J., H. Yano, S. Ogasawara, K. Higaki and M. Kojiro, 2001. Expression and function of interleukin-8 in human hepatocellular carcinoma. Int. J. Oncol, 18: 257 - 264. Alfredo Credali, Margarita Garcı´a-Caldero´n, Svend Dam, Jillian Perry, Antonio Dı´az- Quintana, Martin Parniske, L. Trevor, Wang, Jens Stougaard, Jose´ M. Vega and Antonio J. Ma´rquez, 2013. The K + -Dependent Asparaginase, NSE1, is Crucial for Plant Growth and Seed Production in Lotus japonicus. Plant Cell Physiol.s, 54: 1. 107 - 118. Alhilli, Z. A. 2004. Inhibitory effect of Cyperus rotundus L. crude extracts on cancer cell lines. M.Sc, thesis. College of Science, Baghdad University. Iraq.

Rossi S, editor, Australian Medicines Handbook 2011 ...shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/43856/14/14_references.pdfPurification, Characterization and Antitumor Activity of

  • Upload
    others

  • View
    0

  • Download
    0

Embed Size (px)

Citation preview

  • i

    8. REFERENCES

    Abakumova, O., O. V. Podobed, A. A. Borisova., K. V. Sidoruk, S. S. Aleksandrova,

    N. M. Omelianiuk, M. V. Pokrovskaia, L. I. Kondakova, and N. N. Sokolov,

    2008. Antitumor activity of L-asparaginase from Yersinia pseudotuberculosis.

    Biomed. Khim, 54: 6. 712 - 719.

    Abakumova, O. Yu., O. V. Podobed, A. A. Borisova, K. V. Sidoruk, S. S. Alexandrova,

    N. M. Omelyanuk, M. V. Pokrovskaya, L. I. Kondakova, N. N. Sokolov, 2009.

    Antitumor activity of L-asparaginase from Yersinia pseudotuberculosis. Biochem.

    (Mosc.) Suppl. B. Biomed. Chem., 3: 198 - 201.

    Abbas Ghaderi, Mahboobeh Razmkhah, Mansooreh Jaberipour, Nasrollah Erfani,

    Mojtaba Habibagahi and Abdol - rasoul Talei. 2011. Adipose derived stem cells

    (ASCs) isolated from breast cancer tissue express IL - 4, IL - 10 and TGF - b1 and

    upregulate expression of regulatory molecules on T cells: Do they protect breast

    cancer cells from the immune response,Tissue Engineering. 266: 116 - 122.

    Aggarwal, S. and M. F. Pittenger, 2005. Human mesenchymal stem cells modulate

    allogeneic immune cell responses. Blood, 105: 1815 - 1822.

    Aghaiypour, K., A. Wlodawer and J. Lubkowski, 2001. Do bacterial L - asparaginases

    utilize a catalytic triad Thr - Tyr - Glu? Biochim. Biophy. Acta., 1550: 117 - 128.

    Aghaiypour, K., A. Wlodawer, J. Lubkowski, 2001. Structural basis for the activity and

    substrate specificity of Erwinia chrysanthemi L - asparaginase. Biochemistry, 40:

    5655 - 5664.

    Ahmad, J., M. Rabinovitz, 2007. Etiology and Epidemiology of Hepatocellular

    Carcinoma. Cur. Clin. Oncol., 1: 1 - 22.

    Akiba, J., H. Yano, S. Ogasawara, K. Higaki and M. Kojiro, 2001. Expression and

    function of interleukin-8 in human hepatocellular carcinoma. Int. J. Oncol, 18:

    257 - 264.

    Alfredo Credali, Margarita Garcı´a-Caldero´n, Svend Dam, Jillian Perry, Antonio Dı´az-

    Quintana, Martin Parniske, L. Trevor, Wang, Jens Stougaard, Jose´ M. Vega and

    Antonio J. Ma´rquez, 2013. The K+-Dependent Asparaginase, NSE1, is Crucial

    for Plant Growth and Seed Production in Lotus japonicus. Plant Cell Physiol.s,

    54: 1. 107 - 118.

    Alhilli, Z. A. 2004. Inhibitory effect of Cyperus rotundus L. crude extracts on cancer cell

    lines. M.Sc, thesis. College of Science, Baghdad University. Iraq.

  • ii

    Ali Mohamed Elshafei, Mohamed Mohamed Hassan, Mohamed Abd - Elmontasr

    Abouzeid, Dalia Ali Mahmoud and Dina Helmy Elghonemy. 2012. Purification,

    Characterization and Antitumor Activity of L-asparaginase from Penicillium

    brevicompactum NRC 829. British Microbiology Research Journal, 2: 3. 158 -

    174.

    Aljewari, H. S., M. I. Nader, A. H. M Alfaisal and N. W. Sahapat, 2010. High efficiency,

    selectivity against cancer cell line of purified L-asparaginase from pathogenic

    Escherichia coli. World Acad Sci. Engineer Technol., 65: 416 - 421.

    Altschul, S. F., W. Gish, D. L. Vyszenski-Moher, D. Sharra, 2009. Cross reactivity

    between storage and dust mites and between mites and shrimp. Exp. Appl.

    Acarol., 47: 159 - 172.

    Altschul., et al. 1997. Gapped BLAST and PSI - BLAST. A new generation of protein

    database search programs. Nucleic. Acids. Res., 25: 3389 - 3402.

    Amena, S., N. Vishalakshi, M. Prabhakar, A. Dayanand and K. Lingappa, 2010.

    Production, purification and characterization of L-asparaginase from

    Streptomyces gulbargensis. Brazil. J. Microbiol., 41: 173 - 178.

    Angshuman Bagchi and Tapash Chandra Ghosh. 2007. Homology Modeling and

    Molecular Dynamics Study of the Interactions of SoxY and SoxZ. The Central

    Player of Biochemical Oxidation of Sulfur Anions in Pseudaminobacter

    salicylatoxidans. Research Journal of Microbiology, 2: 7. 569 - 576.

    Aparna Laskar., et al. 2011. Molecular Modeling and Structural Analysis of Five SE

    Clan (S12 Family) Serine Proteases. Asian Journal of Biotechnology, 3: 5. 435 -

    448.

    Appel, I. M., C. Van Kessel - Bakvis, R. Stigter, R. Pieters, 2007. Influence of two

    different regimens of concomitant treatment with asparaginase and dexamethason

    on hemostasis in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Leukemia, 21: 11.

    2377 - 2380.

    Ara, I., T. Kudo, A. Matsumoto, Y. Takahashi and Omura, 2007. S. Nonomuraea

    maheshkhaliensis sp. nov., a novel actinomycete isolated from mangrove

    rhizosphere mud. J. Gen. Appl. Microbiol., 53: 159 - 166.

    Arnold, K., et al. 2006. The SWISS - MODEL Workspace. A web - based environment

    for protein structure homology modelling. Bioinformatics, 22: 195 -201.

    Asselin, B. L., J. C. Whitin, D. J. Coppola, I. P. Rupp, S. E. Sallan and H. J. Cohen, 1993.

    Comparative pharmacokinetic studies of three asparaginase preparations. J. Clin.

    Onco., 11: 1780 - 1786.

    http://ascidatabase.com/author.php?author=Angshuman&last=Bagchihttp://ascidatabase.com/author.php?author=Tapash%20Chandra&last=Ghoshhttp://scialert.net/jindex.php?issn=1816-4935http://ascidatabase.com/author.php?author=Aparna&last=Laskarhttp://scialert.net/jindex.php?issn=1996-0700

  • iii

    Aubrey, A. Smith and C. Manuela, Plazas. 2011. In silico Characterization and

    Homology Modeling of Cyanobacterial Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxylase

    Enzymes with Computational Tools and Bioinformatics Servers, American

    Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1: 4. 319 - 336.

    Aung, H. P., M. Bocola, S. Schleper, and K. H. Röhm, 2000. Dynamics of a mobile loop

    at the active site of Escherichia coli asparaginase. Biochem. Biophy. Acta.,

    1481: 349 - 359.

    Ausubel, F. M., R. Brent, R. E. Kingston, D. D. Moore, J. G. Seidman, J. A. Smith and K.

    Struhl, 1987. Current Protocols in Molecular Biology. John Wiley and Sons.

    NY.

    Avramis, V. I. and E. H. Panosyan, 2005. Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic

    relationships of asparaginase formulations. The past, the present and

    recommendations for the future. Clin. Pharmacokinet., 44: 367 - 393.

    Avramis, V. I. and P. N. Tiwari, 2006. Asparaginase (native ASNase or pegylated

    ASNase) in the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Int. J. Nanomed., 1:

    241 - 254.

    Balcao, V. M., C. Mateo, L. Fernandez, R. Lafuente, F. X. Malcota and J. M. Guisan,

    2001. Structural and functional stabilization of L-asparaginase via subunit.

    Immobilization on to highly activated supports. Biotechnol. Prog., 17: 537 - 542.

    Baltz, R. H., 2007. Antimicrobials from Actinomycetes: back to the future. Microbe, 2: 3.

    125 - 131.

    Bascomb, S., G. T. Bank, M. T. Skarstedt, A. Fleming and K. A. Bettelheim, 1975. The

    properties and Large - scale production of L-asparaginase from citrobactore. J.

    Gen Microbiol, 91: 1 - 16.

    Basha, N. S., R. Rekha, M. Komala, S. Ruby, 2009. Production of extracellular

    antileukaemic enzyme L-asparaginase from marine actinomycetes by solid state

    and submerged fermentation: Purification and characterization. Tropical J.

    Pharm. Res., 8: 353 - 360.

    Berdy, J., 2005. Bioactive microbial metabolites. J. Antibiot (Tokyo)., 58: 1 - 26.

    Berman, H. M., et al. 2000. The protein data bank. Nucl Acids Res., 28: 235 - 242.

    Bernan, V. S., M. Greenstein, and W. M. Maiese, 1997. Marine microorganisms as a

    source of new natural products. Adv. Appl. Microbiol., 43: 57 - 90.

    Bernard, H and A. J. Howard, 1969. Production of tumor-inhibitory L-asparaginase by

    submerged growth of Serratia marcescenes. Appl. Microbiol., 18: 550 - 554.

    http://ascidatabase.com/author.php?author=Aubrey%20A.&last=Smithhttp://ascidatabase.com/author.php?author=Manuela%20C.&last=Plazas

  • iv

    Bernd Kastenholz, 2004. Preparative native continuous polyacrylamide gel

    electrophoresis (PNCPAGE). An efficient method for isolating cadmium

    cofactors in biological systems. Analytical Letters, 37: 657 - 665.

    Bernd Kastenholz, 2006. Comparison of the electrochemical behavior of the high

    molecular mass cadmium proteins in Arabidopsis thaliana and in vegetable plants

    on using preparative native continuous polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PNC -

    PAGE). Electroanalysis, 18: 103 - 106.

    Bezzerri, V., M. Borgatti, E. Nicolis, I. Lampronti, M. C. Dechecchi and I. Mancini et al.,

    2008. Transcription factor oligodeoxynucleotides to NF-kappaB inhibit

    transcription of IL-8 in bronchial cells. Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol Biol., 39: 86 -

    96.

    Bijan Ranjbar., et al. 2006. Effects of Glyoxime and Dichloroglyoxime on Lysozyme:

    Kinetic and Structural Studies. Asian Journal of Biochemistry, 1: 2. 153 - 161.

    Blum, H. E, H. C. Spangenberg, 2007. Hepatocellular carcinoma. an update. Arch. Iran

    Med, 10: 3. 361 - 371.

    Bonthron, D. T. and M. Jaskólski, 1977. Why a benign mutation kills enzyme activity.

    Structure - based analysis of the A176V mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae L-

    asparaginase I. Acta. Biochim. Polon., 44: 491 - 504.

    Borek, D. and M. JaskÓlski, 2001. Sequence analysis of enzymes with asparaginase

    activity. Acta. Bioch. Pol., 48: 893 - 902.

    Borgatti, M., R. Rizzo, M. B. Canto, D. Fumagalli, M. M. Renzini and R. Fadini et al,

    2008. Release of sICAM - 1 in oocytes and in vitro fertilized human embryos.

    PLoS One, 3: 3970.

    Borisov, A. A., M. A. Eldarow, A. A. Zgoon, S. A. Alexandrova, N. N. Omelyn, B. N.

    Sokov, T. T. Berezov and N. N. Sokolov, 2003. Purification and some properties

    of recombinant Erwinia carotovora L - asparaginase, expressed in Escherichia

    coli homolog. Eur. J. Biochem., 271: 15. 3215 - 3226.

    Borkotaky, B. and R. L. Bezbaruah, 2002. Production and properties of asparaginase

    from New Erwinia sp. Folia Microbiol., 47: 473 - 476.

    Bosch, F. X., J. Ribes, M. Diaz and R. Cleries, 2004. Primary liver cancer: worldwild

    incidence and trends.Gastroenterology, 127: 5 - 16.

    Bowie, J. U., et al. 1991. A method to identify protein sequences that fold into a known

    three-dimensional structure. Science, 253: 164 - 170.

    http://ascidatabase.com/author.php?author=Bijan%20Ranjbar&last=http://scialert.net/jindex.php?issn=1815-9923

  • v

    Bradford, M. A. 1976. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram

    quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein - dye binding. Anal.

    Biochem., 72: 248 - 254.

    Broome, J. D., 1963. Evidence that the L-asparaginase of guinea pig serum is responsible

    for its antilymphoma effects. Properties of the L-asparaginase of guinea pig serum

    in relation to those of the antilymphoma substance. The Journal of experimental

    medicine, 118: 1. 99 - 120.

    Bruix, J. and M. Sherman, 2005. Diagnosis of small HCC. Gastroenterology, 129: 1364.

    Buchanan, R. E. and N. E. Gibbons, 1974. Bergey’s manual of determinative

    bacteriology. (Eight edition), The Williams and wilkins Co. Baltimore. ISBN.

    978 - 0 - 387 - 98771 - 2. 747 - 842.

    Campbell, H. A., L.T. Mashburn, E. A. Boyse and L. J. Old, 1967. Two L - asparaginases

    from Escherichia coli B. Their separation, purification and antitumor activity.

    Biochemistry, 6: 721 - 730.

    Campoli, M., S. Ferrone, A. H . Zea, P. C. Rodriguez, A. C. Ochoa, 2005. Mechanisms

    of tumor evasion. Cancer Treat Res., 123: 61 - 88.

    Cancer Research UK website, http://info.cancerresearchuk.org/cancerstats/

    mortality/cancerdeaths. Trends accessed 1st February 2013.

    Capone, F., S. Costantini, E. Guerriero, R. Calemma, M. Napolitano, S. Scala, F. Izzo, G.

    Castello, 2010. Serum cytokine levels in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.

    Eur. Cytokine Netw., 21: 99 - 104.

    Cappelleti, D., L. R. Chiarelli, M. V. Pasquetto, S. Stivala, G. Valentini and C. Scotti,

    2008. Helicobacter pylori L - asparaginase. A promising chemotherapeutic agent.

    Biochem Biophys Research Comm., 377: 1222 - 1226.

    Castaman, G. and F. Rodeghiero, 1993. Erwinia and E. coli derived L-asparaginase have

    similar effect on hemostasis. Hematologica, 78: 57 - 60.

    Cavazza, A., L. Caballerıa, A. Floreani, F. Farinati, M. Bruguera et al., 2009 Incidence,

    risk factors, and survival of hepatocellular carcinoma in primary biliary cirrhosis:

    comparative analysis from two centers. Hepatology, 50: 1162 - 1168.

    Chang, K. S. and K. J. F Franden, 1981. Purification and properties of asparaginase from

    Lupinus arboreus and Lupinus angustifolius. Arch. Biochem. Bioph., 208: 49 -

    58.

    Chang, T.M., 1984. Artificial cells in medicine and biotechnology. Appl. Biochem.

    Biotechnol., 10: 5 - 24.

    http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2137570http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2137570http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2137570http://info.cancerresearchuk.org/cancerstats/

  • vi

    Chenna, R., H. sugawara, T. Koike, R. Lopez, T. J. Gibson, D.G. Higgins and J. D.

    Thompson, 2003. Multiple sequence aligment with the clustal series of programs.

    Nucleic Acid Res., 31: 3497 - 3500.

    Choi, J. H. and S. Y. Lee, 2004. Secretory and extracellular production of recombinant

    proteins using Escherichia coli. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 64:

    5. 625 - 635.

    Chun, J. and M. A. Good fellow, 1995. Phylogentic analysis of the genus Nocardia with

    16rRNA gene sequences. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 45: 240 - 245.

    Claudio, P. P., G. Russo, C. A. Kumar, C. Minimo, A. Farina, S. Tutton and G. Nuzzo et

    al., 2004. pRb2/p130, vascular endothelial growth factor, p27(KIP1), and

    proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression in hepatocellular carcinoma, their

    clinical significance. Clin. Cancer Res., 10: 10. 3509 - 3517.

    Colovos, C. and T. O. Yeates, 1993. Verification of protein structures: patterns of Non

    bonded atomic interactions. Protein Sci., 2: 1511 - 1519.

    Combet, C., et al. 2000. Network protein sequence analysis. Trends Biochem., Sci, 25:

    147 - 150.

    Corcione, A., F. Benvenuto, E. Ferretti, D. Giunti, V. Cappiello, F. Cazzanti, M. Risso,

    F.Gualandi, G.L. Mancardi, V. Pistoia and A. Uccelli, 2006. Human

    mesenchymal stem cells modulate B-cell functions, Blood, 107: 367 - 372.

    Cornelia Braicu, Claudia Burz, Ioana Berindan-Neagoe, Ovidiu Balacescu, Florin Graur,

    Victor Cristea and Alexandru Irimie. 2009. Hepatocellular Carcinoma:

    Tumorigenesis and Prediction Markers.Gastroenterology Research, 4: 191-199.

    Costantini, S., F. Capone, E.Guerriero, P. Maio, G. Colonna, G. Castello, 2010. Serum

    cytokine levels as putative prognostic markers in the progression of chronic HCV

    hepatitis to cirrhosis.Eur. Cytokine Net., 21: 251 - 256.

    Cragg, G. M. and D. G. I. Kingston, D. J. Newman, 2005. Anticancer Agents from

    Natural Products, Taylor and Francis.

    Das, S., P. S. Lyla, S. Ajmal Khan, 2006. Marine microbial diversity and ecology:

    importance and future perspectives. Curr. Sci., 25: 1325 - 1335.

    De Jong, P. J., 1971. L-asparaginase production by Streptomyces griseus. Appl.

    Microbiol., 23: 1163 - 1164.

    De Lalla, C., G. Galli, L. Aldrighetti, R. Romeo, M. Mariani, A. Monno, S. Nuti, M.

    Colombo, F. Callea, S. A. Porcelli, P. Panina-Bordignon, S. Abrignani, G.

    Casorati, P. Dellabona, 2004. Production of profibrotic cytokines by invariant

  • vii

    NKT cells characterizes cirrhosis progression in chronic viral hepatitis. J.

    Immuno., 173: 1417 - 1425.

    Delhem, N., F. Cottrez, A. Carpentier, C. Miroux, O. Moralès, V. François, H. Groux,

    C .Auriault, V. Pancre. 2008. Role of the Regulatory T lymphocytes in hepatitis C

    fibrosis progression. Bull. Cancer., 95: 1029 - 1038.

    Deokar, V. D., M. D. Vetal and L. Rodrigues, 2010. Production of intracellular L-

    asparaginase from Erwinia carotovora and its statistical optimization using

    response surface methodology. Int. J. Chem. Sci and Applications., 1: 25 - 36.

    Derst, C., A. Wehner, V. Specht and K. H. Rohm, 1994. States and functions of tyrosine

    residues in Escherichia coli L - asparaginase. Eur. J. Biochem., 224: 533 - 540.

    Deutscher, M. P., 1990. Guide to protein purification. Methods Enzymol., 182: 430 -

    431.

    Dhanasekaran, D., A. Panneerselvam and N. Thajuddin, 2008. An antifungal compound.

    4' phenyl - 1 - napthyl - phenyl acetamide from Streptomyces spp. DPTB16. Facta

    Universitatis Series. Med. Biol, 15: 7 - 12.

    Dhanashekaran, D., G. Rajakumar, P. Sivamani, S. Selvamani, A. Panneerselvam and N.

    Thajuddin, 2005. Screening of salt pans actinomycetes for antibacterial agents.

    Int. J. Microb., 1: 2.

    Dharwadkar, A., V. Gupta and A. Pant, 2003. Bioprospecting the lat gene in soil samples.

    J. Biosci., 25: 5. 597 - 604.

    Dhevagi, P. and E. Poorani, 2006. Isolation and characterization of L-asparaginase from

    marine actinomycetes. Ind.. J. Biotechnol., 5: 514 - 520.

    Distasio, J. A., R. A. Niderman, D. Kafkewitz and D. Goodman, 1976. Purification and

    characterization of L-asparaginase with anti- lymphoma activity from vibrio

    succinogens, J. Biol. Chem., 251: 6929 - 6933.

    Dolashki, A., A. Gushterova, W. Voelter and B. Tchorbanov, 2009. Identification and

    characterization of tyrosinase from streptomyces albus by mass spectrometry.

    Biotechnol. & biotechnol. EQ. 23.

    Dominika Borek and Mariusz Jaskólski,2001. Sequence analysis of enzymes with

    asparaginase activity. Acta. Biochimica. Pholonica., 48: 4. 893 - 902.

    Donia, M. and M. T. Hamann, 2003. Marine natural products and their potential

    applications as anti - infective agents. Lancet. Infect. Dis., 3: 338 - 348.

  • viii

    Drews, G., 1974. Mikrobiologisches Praktikum fu¨r Naturwissenschaftler, 2nd ed.

    Springer - Verlag, Berlin, Germany.

    Dunlop, P. C., G. M. Meyer and R. J. Roon, 1980. Reactions of Asparaginase II of

    Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J. Biol. Chem., 255: 1542 - 1546.

    Edward, K., Novak and Arthur w Phillips. 1974. L - Glutamine as a Substrate for L-

    asparaginase from Serratia marcescens. Journal of Bacteriology, 117: 2. 593 -

    600.

    Eisenaber, F., et al. 1996. Prediction of secondary structural content of proteins from

    their amino acid composition alone. New analytic vector decomposition methiods.

    Proteins Struct. Funct. Design., 25: 157 - 168.

    El - Bessoumy A. A., M. Sarhan and J. Mansour, 2001. Production, Isolation, and

    Purification of L-asparaginase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa 50071 Using Solid

    - state Fermentation. J. Biochem. Mol. Biol., 37: 387 - 393.

    El - Nakeeb, M. A., and H. A. Lechevalier. 1963. Selective isolation of aerobic

    actinomycetes. Appl. Microbiol., 11: 75 - 77.

    El-Sayed, E. S. M., El-Sayed, S. T., W. G. Shousha, A. N. Shehata and S. S. Haafy, 2011.

    Purification, characterization and antitumor activity of L-asparaginase from

    chicken liver. J. American Sci., 7: 439 - 449.

    El-Bessoumy., A. Ashraf, M. Sarhan and J. Mansour, 2004. Production, isolation, and

    purification of L-asparaginase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa 50071 using solid-

    state fermentation. J. Biochem. Mol. Biol., 37: 387 - 393.

    Elmberg, M., R. Hultcrantz, A. Ekbom, L. Brandt, S. Olsson et al., 2003. Cancer risk in

    patients with hereditary haemochromatosis and in their first - degree relatives.

    Gastroenterology, 125: 1733 - 1741.

    El-Serag, H. B. and A. C. Mason, 2000. Risk factors for the rising rates of primary liver

    cancer in the United States. Arch. Intern. Med., 160: 3227 - 3230.

    El-Serag, H. B. and K. L. Rudolph, 2007. Hepatocellular carcinoma. Epidemiology and

    molecular carcinogenesis. Gastroenterology, 132: 2557 - 2576.

    Euzéby, J. P. and H. G. Trüper, 2009. International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes.

    Appendix 9: Orthography. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 59: 2107 - 2113.

    Fakher Rahim. 2010. An in Silico Development of Selective Inhibitor for Histamine

    Receptors. Biotechnology, 9: 2. 157 - 163.

    http://ascidatabase.com/author.php?author=Fakher&last=Rahimhttp://scialert.net/jindex.php?issn=1682-296x

  • ix

    Fenical, W., D. Baden, M. Burg, C. V. de Goyet, J. D. Grimes. M. Katz, N.H. Marcus,

    S.Pomponi, P. Rhines, P. Tester and J. Vena 1999. Marine derived

    pharmaceuticals and related bioactive compounds. In From Monsoons to

    Microbes: Understanding the Ocean’s Role in Human Health. Edited by Fenical

    W. National Academies Press,71 - 86.

    Ferrara, M. A., J. M. V. Mattoso, E. P. S. Bon and Jr, N. Pereira, 2004. Kinetics of

    asparaginase II fermentation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae ure2 dal80 mutant:

    effect of nitrogen nutrition and pH. Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol., 113: 116. 299 -

    305.

    Filpula, D., J. W. Nagle, S. Pulford, D. M. Anderson, 1988. Sequence of L-asparaginase

    gene from Erwinia chrysanthemi NCPPB 1125. Nucleic Acids Res., 16: 10385.

    Fitzpatrick, L. R., J. Wang, T. Le, 2001. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester, an inhibitor of

    nuclear factorkappaB, attenuates bacterial peptidoglycan polysaccharide-induced

    colitis in rats. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 299: 915 - 920.

    Gabrilovich, D., T. Ishida, T. Oyama, S. Ran, V. Kravtsov, S. Nadaf, D. P. Carbone,

    1998. Vascular endothelial growth factor inhibits the development of dendritic

    cells and dramatically affects the differentiation of multiple hematopoietic

    lineages in vivo. Blood, 92: 4150 - 4166.

    Gallagher, M.P., R.D Marshall, R. Wilson, 1989. Asparaginase as a drug for the

    treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Essays Biochem., 24: 1 - 40.

    Gallagher, S. R. 1999. One - dimensional electrophoresis using nondenaturing conditions.

    Curr. Protoc. Mol. Biol., 47: 10.2 B.1 - 10.2 B.11.

    Galloway, C. A., M. P. Sowden and H. C. Smith, 2003. Increasing the yield of soluble

    recombinant protein expressed in E. coli by induction during late log phase.

    Biotechniques, 34: 524 - 526.

    Galtier, N., M. Gouy and C. Gautier, 1996. SeaView and Phylo_win, two graphic tools

    for sequence alignment and molecular phylogeny. Comput. Appl. Biosci., 12:

    543 - 548.

    Geckil, H., S. Gencer, B. Ates, U. Ozer, M. Uckun and I. Yilmaz, 2006. Effect of

    Vitreoscilla hemoglobin on production of a chemotherapeutic enzyme, L-

    asparaginase by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Biotechnol. J., 1: 203 - 208.

    Geckil, H., S. Gencer, 2004. Production of L-asparaginase in Enterobacter aerogenes

    expressing Vitreoscilla hemoglobin for efficient oxygen uptake. Appli. Microbiol.

    Biot., 63: 691 - 697.

  • x

    Ghanem, B. N., A. S. Soraya, M. E. Zeinab and A. A. E. Gehan, 2000. Isolation

    andenumeration of marine Actinomycetes from seawater and sediments in

    Alexandria. J. Gen. Appl.Microbiol., 46: 45. 105 - 111.

    Gharahdaghi, F., C. R. Weinberg, D. A. Meagher, B. S. Imai, S. M. Mische, 1999. A

    method for the removal of silver ions to enhance sensitivity. Electrophoresis, 20:

    601 - 605.

    Glutati, R., R. K. Saxena and R. Gupta, 2003. A rapid plate assay for screening L -

    asparaginase producing micro-organisms. Letters in Applied Microbiology, 1:

    24. 23 - 26.

    Goodfellow, M. and T. Cross, 1984. Classification. The Biology of the Actinomycetes

    (Goodfellow, M., Mordarski, M. and Williams, S.T., Eds.). Academic Press,

    London. 7 - 164

    Goodfellow, M. and E. Williams, 1983. Ecology of Actinomycetes. Ann. Rev.

    Microbiol., 37: 189 - 216.

    Gurunathan., Baskar and Renganathan, Sahadevan, 2012 Optimization of Culture

    Conditions and Bench-Scale Production of L-asparaginase by Submerged

    Fermentation of Aspergillus terreus MTCC 1782. J. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 22:

    7. 923 - 929.

    Haefner, B., 2003. Drugs from the deep: marine natural products as drug candidates.

    Drug Discov Today, 8: 536 - 544.

    Hagedorn, C., 1976. Influence of soil acidity on strptomyces population inhabiting forest

    soils. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 32: 368 - 375.

    Hall, T. A., 1999. A user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis

    program for Windows 95/98/NT. Nucleic Acids Symp. Ser., 41: 95 - 98.

    Haque, S. K., S. K. Sen, S. C. Pal, 1992. Screening and identification of antibiotic

    producing strains of Streptomyces. Hind. Antibiot. Bull., 76 - 83.

    Harmey, J. H., C. D. Bucana, W. Lu, A. M. Byrne, S. McDonnell, C. Lynch, D. Bouchier

    - Hayes and Z. Dong, 2002. Lipopolysaccharide-induced metastatic growth is

    associated with increased angiogenesis, vascular permeability and tumor cell

    invasion. Int. J. Cance., 101: 415 - 422.

    Hassan Abd El - Baky., Diana Linke, Manfred Nimtz and Ralf Günter Berger, 2011.

    PsoP1, a Milk - Clotting Aspartic Peptidase from the Basidiomycete Fungus

    Piptoporus soloniensis. J. Agric. Food Chem., 59: 18. 10311 - 10316.

    http://pubs.acs.org/action/doSearch?action=search&author=El%5C-Baky%2C+H+A&qsSearchArea=authorhttp://pubs.acs.org/action/doSearch?action=search&author=Linke%2C+D&qsSearchArea=authorhttp://pubs.acs.org/action/doSearch?action=search&author=Nimtz%2C+M&qsSearchArea=authorhttp://pubs.acs.org/action/doSearch?action=search&author=Berger%2C+R+G&qsSearchArea=author

  • xi

    Helmke, E. and H. Weyland, 1984. Rhodococcus marinonascens sp. Nov., an

    actinomycete from the sea. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 34: 127 - 138.

    Henikoff, S. and J. G. Henikoff, 1997. Embedding strategies for effective use of

    information from multiple sequence alignments. Protein Science, 6: 698 - 705.

    Ho, P. P. K., E. B. Milikin and J.L. Bobbitt, et al. 1970. Crystalline L-asparaginase from

    Escherichia coli B, I. Purification and chemical characterization. J. Biol Chem.,

    245: 3708 - 3715.

    Hopp, D. C., D. J. Milanowski, J. Rhea, D. Jacobsen, J. Rabenstein, C. Smith, K. Romari,

    M. Clarke, L. Francis and M. Irigoyen., et al. 2008. Citreamicins with potent

    gram - positive activity. J. Nat. Prod, 71: 2032 - 2035.

    Hosamani, R. and B.B. Kaliwal, 2011. L-asparaginase - an antitumor agent production by

    Fusarium equiseti under solid state fermentation. Int. J. Drug Discovery., 3: 88 -

    99.

    Hossein Mahboudi, Mansour Abachi, Shahram Araghi, Haleh Hamedifar, Behrouz Vaziri,

    Fereidoun Mahboudi, 2010. Cloning and Cytoplasmic Expression of

    L-asparaginase II in E. Coli. Journal of Microbial World, 3: 2. 87 - 93.

    Howell, A. J, R. and L. Pine. 1956. Studies on the growth of species of Actinomyces. I.

    Cultivation in a synthetic medium with starch. J. Bacteriol, 71: 47 - 53.

    Howell, A., J. R. Murphy, W. C. III, F. Paul and R. M. Stephan, 1959. Oral strains of

    Actinomyces. J. Bacteriol., 78: 82 - 95.

    Hsia, C.Y., T. I. Huo, S. Y. Chiang, M. F. Lu, C. L. Sun, J. C. Wu, P. C. Lee, C. W. Chi,

    W. Y. Lui, S. D. Lee, 2007. Evaluation of interleukin-6, interleukin-10 and human

    hepatocyte growth factor as tumor markers for hepatocellular carcinoma. Eur. J.

    Surg. Oncol., 33: 208 - 212.

    Huang, H., J. Lv, Y. Hu, Z. Fang, K. Zhang and S. Bao, 2008. Micromonospora

    rifamycinica sp. nov., a novel actinomycete from mangrove sediment. Int. J. Syst.

    Evol. Microbio., 58: 17 - 20.

    Hymavathi, M., T. Sathish, Subba Rao and R. S. Prakasham, 2009. Enhancement of

    L-asparaginase production by isolated Bacillus circulans (MTCC 8574) using

    response surface methodology. Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol., 159: 191 - 198.

    Imada, A., S. Igarasi, K. Nakahama and M. Isono, 1973. Asparaginase and glutaminase

    activities of microorganisms. Journal of General Microbiology, 76: 85 - 99.

    Irino, T., T. Kitoh, K. Koami, T. Kashima, K. Mukai, E. Takeuchi, T. Hongo, T.

    Nakaheta, S. M. Schuster and M. Osaka, 2004. Establishment of real time PCR

  • xii

    method for quantitative analysis of L-asparagines synthetase expression, J. Mol.

    Diagn., 6: 3. 217 - 224.

    Iwamoto, S., K. Mihara, J. R. Downing, C. H. Pui and D. Campana, 2007.

    Mesenchymalcells regulate the response of acutely mphoblastic leukemiacells to

    asparaginase. J. Clin. Inves., 117: 1049 - 1057.

    Jalaja Vidya, Ushasree Mrudula Vasudevan, Carlos Ricardo Soccol and Ashok Pandey,

    2011. Cloning, Functional Expression and Characterization of L-asparaginase II

    from E. coli MTCC 739. Food Technol. Biotechnol., 49: 3. 286 - 290.

    James, H. S., Y. R. Jane and J.D. Broome, 1996. Two L - asparaginases from E. coli and

    their action against tumors. J. Appl. Microbio., 56: 1516 - 1519.

    Jaskólski, M., M. Kozak, J. Lubkowski, G. Palm and A. Wlodawer, 2001. Structures of

    two highly homologous bacterial L - asparaginases: a case of enantiomorphic

    space groups. Acta. Crystallogr. D., 57: 369 - 377.

    Jensen, P. R., R. Dwight and W. Fenical, 1991. Distribution of actinomycetes in near-

    shore tropical marine sediments. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 57. 1102 - 1108.

    Jensen, P.R. and W. Fenical, 2000. Marine Microorganisms and Drug Discovery: Current

    Status and Future Potential. In: Drugs from the Sea, N. Fusetani (Ed.). Karger.

    Basel. 6 - 29.

    Jensen, P. R., E. Gontang, C. Mafnas, T. J. Mincer and W. Fenical, 2005. Culturable

    marine Actinomycetes diversity from tropical Pacific Ocean sediments. Appl.

    Environ. Microbiol, 7: 1039 - 1048.

    Jerlstrom, P. G., D. A. Bezjak, M. P. Jennings and I. R. Beacham, 1989. Structure and

    expression in Escherichia coli K - 12 of the L-asparaginase I - encoding ansA

    gene and its flanking regions. Gene, 78: 37 - 46.

    Jonasson, P. S. Liljeqvist, P. A. Nygren and S. Stahl, 2002. Genetic design for facilitated

    production and recovery of recombinant proteins in Escherichia coli, Biotechnol.

    Appl. Biochem, 35: 91 - 105.

    Joner, P. E., 1976. Purification and properties of L-asparaginase from Acinatobactor

    calcoaceticus. Biochem. Biophys. Act, 438: 287 - 295.

    Jorg Schultz., et al. 1998. A simple modular architecture research tool: Identification of

    signaling domain. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sc, 95: 5857 - 5864.

    Joshua A. V. Blodgetta, Dong - Chan Ohb, Shugeng Caoa, Cameron R. Curried Roberto

    Kolterc, and Jon Clardya. 2010. Common biosynthetic origins for polycyclic

  • xiii

    tetramate macrolactams from phylogenetically diverse bacteria. Proceeding of

    the national academy of science of the United States of America, 10: 1073.

    Kaeberlein, T., K. Lewis, and S. S. Epstein, 2002. Isolating uncultivable microorganisms

    in pure culture in a simulated natural environment. Science, 296: 1127 - 1129.

    Kamisaki, Y., H. Wada, T. Yagura, H. Nishimura, A. Matsushima, Y. Inada, 1982.

    Increased antitumor activity of Escherichia coli L-asparaginase by modification

    with monomethoxypolyethylene glycol. Gann, 73: 470 - 474.

    Kassim, S. K., E. M. El - Salahy, S. T. Fayed, S. A. Helal, T. Helal, D. Azzam Eel and A.

    Khalifa, 2004. Vascular endothelial growth factor and interleukin - 8 are

    associated with poor prognosis in epithelial ovarian cancer patients. Clin. Bioche.,

    37: 363 - 369.

    Kawato, M. and R. Shinobu,. 1959. A simple technique for the microscopical observation.

    Memoirs of the Osaka University Liberal Arts and Education. 8: 114.

    Keen, N. T., Dahlbeckd, Stashawiczb and Belsevw, 1984. Molecular cloning of pectate

    lyase genes from Erwinia chrysanthemi and their expression in Escherichia coli.

    Journal. Q. f. ' Bacteriology., 159: 825 - 831.

    Kelner, A., 1948. A method for investigating large microbial populations for antibiotic

    activity. J. Bacteriol., 56:157 - 162.

    Khushoo, A., Y. Pal and K. J. Mukherjee, 2005. Optimization of extracellular production

    of recombinant asparaginase in Escherichia coli in shake - flask and bioreactor.

    Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 68: 2. 189 - 197.

    Khushoo, Y., Pal, B. N. Singh, K. J. Mukherjee, 2004. Extracellular expression and

    single step purification of recombinant Escherichia coli L-asparaginase II,

    Protein Expr. Purif., 38: 29 - 36.

    Kidd, J. G., 1953. Regression of transplanted lymphomas induced in vivo by means of

    normal guinea pig serum. I. Course of transplanted cancers of various kinds in

    mice and rats given guinea pig serum, horse serum, or rabbit serum. The Journal

    of experimental medicine, 98: 6. 565 - 582.

    Kil, J. O., G. N. Kim and I. Park 1995. Extraction of extracellular L-asparaginase from

    Candida utilis. Biosc. Biotechnol. Biochem., 59: 749 - 750.

    Kitaoka, S., G. Shiota and H. Kawasaki, 2003. Serum levels of interleukin - 10,

    interleukin - 12 and soluble interleukin - 2 receptor in chronic liver disease type C.

    Hepatogastroenterology, 50: 1569 - 1574.

    http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2136344http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2136344http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2136344

  • xiv

    Koch, C., R. M. Kroppenstedt, F. A. Rainey and E. Stackebrandt, 1996. 16S ribosomal

    DNA analysis of the genera Micromonospora, Actinoplanes, Catellatospora,

    Catenuloplanes, Couchioplanes, Dactylosporangium, and Pilimelia and

    emendation of the family Micromonosporaceae. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 46: 765 -

    768.

    Kolyani, K. A., A. Wlodawer and J. Lubkowski, 2001. Structural basis for the activity

    and substrate specificity of Erwinia chrysanthemi L - asparaginase. Biochemistry,

    40: 5655 - 5664.

    Kornbrust, B. A., M. A. Stringer, N. K. Lange and H. V. Hendriksen, 2010. Asparaginase

    - an enzyme for acrylamide reduction in food products. In enzymes in Food

    Technology, 2nd Edition. (eds Robert J. Whitehurst and Maarten Van Oort).

    Wiley-Blackwell, UK. 59 - 87.

    Koshy, A., et al. 1997 L-asparaginase in Streptomyces plicatus isolated from the

    alimentary canal of the fish, Gerres filamentosus (Cuvier). J. Mar. Biotechnol.,

    5:181 - 185.

    Kotzia, G. A. and N. E. Labrou, 2007. L-asparaginase from Erwinia chrysanthemi 3937.

    Cloning, expression and characterization. J. Biotechnol., 127: 657 - 669.

    Kotzia, G. A. and N. E. Labrou, 2005. Cloning, expression and characterization of

    Erwinia caratovora L - asparaginase. Journal of Biotechnology, 119: 309 - 323.

    Kotzia, G. A. and N. E. Labrou, 2006. L-asparaginase from Erwinia chrysanthemi 3937:

    Cloning, expression and characterization. Biotechnol., 127: 4. 657 - 669.

    Kozak, M. and J. Jurga, 2002. A comparison between the crystal and solution structures

    of Escherichia coli asparaginase II. Acta. Biochim. Pol., 49: 509 - 513.

    Kozak, M., D. Borek, R. Janowski and M. Jaskolski, 2002. Crystallization and

    preliminary crystallographic studies of five crystal forms of Escherichia coli

    L-asparaginase II (Asp90Glu mutant). Acta. Crystallogr. Sect. D Biol.

    Crystallogr., 58: 130 - 132.

    Krasotkina, J., A. A. Borisova, Y. V. Gevaziev and N. N. Sokolov, 2004. One - step

    purification and kinetic properties of the recombinant L-asparaginase from

    Erwinia carotovora. Biotechnol. Appl. Biochem., 39: 215 - 221.

    Kubo, F., S. Ueno, K. Hiwatashi, M. Sakoda, K. Kawaida, K. Nuruki and T. Aikou, 2005.

    Interleukin - 8 in human hepatocellular carcinoma correlates with cancer cell

    invasion of vessels but not with tumor angiogenesis. Ann. Surg. Oncol, 12: 800 -

    807.

  • xv

    Kufer, P., A. Zippelius, R. Lutterbüse, I. Mecklenburg, T. Enzmann, A. Montag, D.

    Weckermann, B. Passlick, N. Prang, P. Reichardt, M. Dugas, ., M. W.

    Köllermann, K.Pantel and G. Riethmüller, 2002. Heterogeneous expression of

    MAGE - A genes in occult disseminated tumor cells: a novel multimarker reverse

    transcription-polymerase chain reaction for diagnosis of micrometastatic disease.

    Cancer Res., 62:1. 251 - 261.

    Kumar, S., K. Pakshirajan and V. Venkata Dasu, 2010. Localization and production of

    novel L-asparaginase from Pectobacterium carotovorum MTCC 1428. Process

    Biochem., 45: 223 - 229.

    Kumar, S., K. Tamura and M. Nei, 2004. MEGA3. Integrated software for Molecular

    Evolutionary Genetics Analysis and sequence alignment. Brief Bioinform., 5:

    150 - 163.

    Kumar, S., V. V. Dasu and K. Pakshirajan, 2010. Localization and production of novel L-

    asparaginase from Pectobacterium carotovorum MTCC 1428. Process Biochem.,

    45: 223 - 229.

    Kuster, E. and S. T. Williams, 1964. Selection of media for isolation of Streptomycetes.

    Nature, 202: 928 - 929.

    Lacey, J., 1978. Ecology of actinomycetes in fodder and related subtrates, p. 161-168. In

    M. Mordarski, W. Kurylowicz, and J. Jeljaszewicz (ed.). Nocardia and

    Streptomyces. Proceedings of the international symposium on Nocardia and

    Streptomyces, Warsaw, October 1976. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart.

    Laemmli, U. K., 1970. Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of

    bacteriophage T4. Nature. 227: 680 - 685.

    Lang, S. A., C. Moser, A. Gaumann, D. Klein, G. Glockzin, F. C. Popp, M. H. Dahlke, P.

    Piso, H. J. Schlitt, E. K. Geissler and O. Stoeltzing, 2007. Targeting heat shock

    protein 90 in pancreatic cancer impairs insulin - like growth factor - I receptor

    signaling, disrupts an interleukin - 6/signal - transducer and activator of

    transcription 3/hypoxiainducible factor - 1{alpha} autocrine loop, and reduces

    orthotopic tumor growth. Clin. Cancer. Res., 13: 21. 6459 - 6468. Lineweaver, H., D.Burk. 1934. Determination of enzyme dissociation constants. J. Am.Chem.

    Soc., 56: 658 - 666.

    Lee, S. M., J. T. Ross, M. E. Gustafson, M. H. Wroble and G. M. Muschik, 1986. Large -

    scale recovery and purification of L-asparaginase from Erwinia carotovora. Appl.

    Biochem. Biotechnol., 12: 229 - 247.

    Lin, S. J., P. Y. Shu, C. Chang, A. K. Ng, C. P. Hu, 2003. IL - 4 suppresses the

    expression and the replication of hepatitis B virus in the hepatocellular carcinoma

    cell line Hep3B. J. Immunol., 171: 4708 - 4716.

    http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Kufer%20P%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=11782385http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Zippelius%20A%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=11782385http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Lutterb%C3%BCse%20R%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=11782385http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Mecklenburg%20I%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=11782385http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Enzmann%20T%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=11782385http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Montag%20A%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=11782385http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Weckermann%20D%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=11782385http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Passlick%20B%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=11782385http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Prang%20N%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=11782385http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Reichardt%20P%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=11782385http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Dugas%20M%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=11782385http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=K%C3%B6llermann%20MW%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=11782385http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Pantel%20K%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=11782385http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Riethm%C3%BCller%20G%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=11782385http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11782385##

  • xvi

    Liu, W. H., S. H.Yeh, C. C. Lu, S. L. Yu, H. Y. Chen, C. Y. Lin, D. S. Chen., et al. 2009.

    MicroRNA-18a prevents estrogen receptor - alpha expression, promoting

    proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Gastroenterology, 136: 2. 683 -

    693.

    Liu, F. S. and J. E, Zajic, 1972. L-asparaginase synthesis by Erwinia aroideae. Appl.

    Microbiol., 3: 667 - 668.

    Liu, Z. G. and J. Han, 2001. Cellular responses to tumor necrosis factor. Curr. Issues

    Mol. Bio., 3: 79 - 90.

    Lok, A. S., L. B. Seeff, T. R. Morgan, A. M. di Bisceglie, R. K. Sterling., et al. 2009.

    Incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma and associated risk factors in hepatitis

    Crelated advanced liver disease. Gastroenterology, 136: 138 - 148.

    Lokshin, A. E., M. Winans, D. Landsittel, A. M. Marrangoni, L. Velikokhatnaya,

    F.Modugno, B. M. Nolen and E. Gorelik, 2006. Circulating IL - 8 and anti - IL - 8

    autoantibody in patients with ovarian cancer. Gynecol. Oncol., 2006. 102: 244 -

    251.

    Lubkowski, J., M. Dauter, K. Aghaiypour, A. Wlodawer and Z. Dauter, 2003. Atomic

    Resolution Structure of Erwinia chrysanthemi L - asparaginase. Acta.

    Crystlography D., 59: 84 - 92.

    Lubkowski, J., G. J. Palm, G. L. Gilliland, C. Derst and K. H. Rohm, 1996. Crystal

    structure and amino acid sequence of Wolinella succinogenes L - asparaginase.

    Eur. J. Biochem., 241: 201 - 207.

    Lubkowski, J., A. Wlodawer, H. L. Ammon, T. D. Copeland and A. L. Swain, 1994.

    Structural characterization of Pseudomonas 7A glutaminase - asparaginase.

    Biochemistry, 33: 10257 - 10265.

    Ma, B., K. Zhang, C. Hendrie, C. Liang and M. Li., et al. 2003. PEAKS. Powerful

    software for peptide de novo sequencing by tandem mass spectrometry. Rapid

    Commun. Mass Spectrom., 17: 2337 - 2342.

    Magda m. Aly, Samyah jastaniah. and Mohammed gurban kuchari. 2013. L-asparaginase

    from streptomyces sp. Isolated from the rhizosphere of a palm tree, its separation.

    Purification and antitumor activity. Int. j. pharm. Bio. Sci., 4. 2. (b) 12 - 21.

    Makrides, S. C., 1996. Strategies for achieving high - level expression of genes in

    Escherichia coli, Microbiol. Rev., 60: 512 - 538.

  • xvii

    Maladkar, N. K., V. K. Singh and S. R. Naik, 1993. Fermentative production and

    isolation of L-asparaginase from Erwinia cartovora EC-113. Hidustan Antibiot.

    Bull., 35: 77 - 86.

    Mann, J., 2001. Natural products as immunosuppressive agents. Nat. Prod. Rep., 18:

    417 - 430.

    Manna, S et al., 1995. Purification, characterization and antitumour activity of L-

    asparaginase isolated from Pseudomonas sttutzeri MB - 405. Curr. Microbio.,

    30: 291 - 298.

    Manna, S., A. Sinaha, R. Sadhukhan and S.L. Chakrabarty, 1995. Purification,

    Characterization and antitumor activity of L-asparaginase isolated from

    Pseudomonas stutzeri MB - 405. Current of Microbiology, 30: 291 - 298.

    Mantani, N., N. Imanishi, H. Kawamata, K. Terasawa and H.Ochiai, 2001. Planta Med.,

    67: 240 ‐ 243.

    Mao, J., Q. Tang, Z. Zhang, W. Wang and D. Wei, Y. Huang, Z. Liu, Y. Shi and M.

    Goodfellow, 2007. Streptomyces radiopugnans sp. Nov., a radiation-resistant

    actinomycete isolated from radiation - polluted soil in China. Int. J. Syst. Evol.

    Microbiol., 57: 11. 2578 - 2582.

    Maria Antonieta Ferrara A., M. B. Neuza, B. Severino, Jose, Joao, B. Mansure, B.

    Adriana Sotero Martins, M. M. Edna, B. Oliveira, A. Antonio Carlos Siani, C. Nei

    Pereira Jr, A. G. Fernando, D. Torres, P. S. Elba and Bonb, 2006. Asparaginase

    production by a recombinant Pichia pastoris strain harbouring Saccharomyces

    cerevisiae ASP3 gene. Enzyme and Microbial Technology, 39: 1457 - 1463.

    Mas, V. R., D. G. Maluf, K. J. Archer, K. C. Yanek and R. A. Fisher, 2007. Angiogenesis

    soluble factors as hepatocellular carcinoma noninvasive markers for monitoring

    hepatitis C virus cirrhotic patients awaiting liver transplantation. Transplantation,

    84: 10. 1262 - 1271.

    Mashburn, L. T. and J. C. Wriston, 1964. Tumor inhibitory effect of L-asparaginase from

    Escherichia coli. Arch. Biochem Biophys., 105: 450 - 452.

    Mashburn, L. T. and L. M. Landin, 1970. In Recent Results in Cancer Research' eds.,

    Grundmann, E. and Oettgen, H. F. Berlin (Springer-Verlag). 33. 48.

    Mashburn, L.T and J.C. Wriston, 1963. Biochem.Biophys. Res. Comm., 12: 50 - 55.

    Maysa E - Moharam, M. Amira, Gamal - Eldeen, T. Sanaa and El-sayed, 2010.

    Production. Immobilization and Anti - tumor Activity of L-asparaginase of

    Bacillus sp R. Journal of American Science. 36: 6. 8.

  • xviii

    McClure, N., D. L. Healy, P. A. Rogers, J. Sullivan, L. Beaton, R. V. Haning, D. T.

    Connolly, D. M. Robertson, 1994. Vascular endothelial growth factor as capillary

    permeability agent in ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. Lancet, 344: 235 - 236.

    McGlynn, K. A. and W. T. London, 2005. Epidemiology and natural history of

    hepatocellular carcinoma. Best Pract. Res. Clin. Gastroenterol., 19: 3 - 23.

    Mercado, L. and G. Arenas, 1999. Escherichia coli L-asparaginase induced

    phosphorylation of endogenous polypeptide in human immune cells. Sangre

    (Brac), 44: 438 - 442.

    Mesas, J. M., J. A. Gil and J. F. Martin, 1990. Characterization and partial purification of

    L- asparaginase from Corynebacterium glutamicum. J. Gen. Microbiol, 136: 515

    - 519.

    Michalska, K., G. Bujacz and M. Jaskolski, 2006. Crystal structure of plant L-sparaginase.

    23rd

    European Crystallographic Meeting, Leuven, Belgium, 6 - 11 August.

    Michalska, K., G. Bujacz and M. Jaskolski, 2006. Crystal structure of plant asparaginase.

    J. Mol. Biol., 360: 1. 105 - 116.

    Mirhashemi, S. M. and M. H. Aarabi, 2011. To Study Various Concentrations of

    Magnesium and Aluminium on Amylin Hormone Conformation. Pakistan

    Journal of Biological Sciences, 14: 11. 653 - 657.

    Mishra, L., T. Banker, J. Murray, S. Byers, A. Thenappan, A. R. He, K. Shetty., et al.

    2009. Liver stem cells and hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatology, 49: 1.318 - 329.

    Moon, M. K., Y. J. Lee, J. S. Kim, D. G. Kang, H. S. Lee, 2009. Effect of caffeic acid on

    tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced vascular inflammation in human umbilical

    vein endothelial cells. Biol. Pharm. Bull., 3: 1371 - 1377.

    Moorthy, V., A. Ramalingam, A. Sumantha and R.T. Shankaranaya, 2010. Production,

    purification and characterisation of extracellular L-asparaginase from a soil

    isolate of Bacillus sp. AF. J. Microbiol. Res., 4: 1862 - 1867.

    Moran, M. A., L. T. Rutherford and R.E. Hodson, 1995. Evidence for indigenous

    Streptomyces populations in a marine environment determined with a 16S rRNA

    probe. Appl. Environ. Microbiol, 61: 3695 - 3700.

    Mossman, T., 1983. Rapid colorimetric assay for cellular growth and survival:

    application to proliferation and cytotoxicity. J. Immunol. Method, 65: 55 - 63.

    Mostafa, S. A., 1979. Production of L-asparaginase by Streptomyces karnatakensis and

    Streptomyces venezuelae. Zentralbl Bakterol, 134: 429 - 436.

    http://ascidatabase.com/author.php?author=S.M.&last=Mirhashemihttp://ascidatabase.com/author.php?author=M.H.&last=Aarabihttp://scialert.net/jindex.php?issn=1028-8880http://scialert.net/jindex.php?issn=1028-8880

  • xix

    Moustafa, A., El-Nakeeb and A.Hubert Lechevalier, 1963. Selective Isolation of Aerobic

    Actinomycetes. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 11: 275 - 277.

    Mukherjee, J., S. Majumadar and T. Scheper, 2000. Studies on nutritional and oxygen

    requirements for production of L-asparaginase by Enterobacter aerogenes. Appl.

    Microbial Biotechnno, 53: 180 - 184.

    Mukherjee, K. J., Amardeep Khushoo, Yogender Pal and Bhairab Nath Singh, 2004.

    Extracellular expression and single step puriWcation of recombinant Escherichia

    coli L-asparaginase II. Protein Expression and Purification, 38: 29 - 36.

    Muley, R. G., S. Sarker, S. Ambedkar and S. R. Nail, 1998. Influence of alkali treated

    corn steep liquor containing medium on protein production by Staphylococcus

    aureus. Folia Microbiology, 43: 31 - 34.

    Muller, H. J. and J. Boos, 1998. Use of L-asparaginase in childhood ALL. Crit. Rev.

    Oncol. Hematol., 28: 97 - 113.

    Narayana, K. J. P., K. G. Kumar and M. Vijayalakshmi, 2008. L-asparaginase

    production by Streptomyces albidofl avus. Indian J. Microbio., 48: 331 - 336.

    Narta, U. K., S. S. Kanwar, W. Azmi, 2007. Pharmacological and clinical evaluation of

    L-asparaginase in the treatment of leukemia. Crit. Rev. Oncol. Hematol., 61:

    208 - 221.

    Neerunjun, E. D. and G. Gregoriadis, 1976. Tumour regression with liposome-entrapped

    asparaginase: some immunological advantages. Biochem. Soc. Trans., 4: 133 -

    134.

    Neumann, E., S. Kakorin and K. Toensing, 2000. Principles of membrane electroporation

    and transport of macromolecules, in Methods in Molecular Medicine vol 37,

    Jaroszeski, M.J., Heller, R., and Gilbert, R. (eds.), Humana Press, Totowa. NJ. 1.

    Newman, D. J., G. M. Cragg and K. M. Snader, 2000. The influence of natural products

    upon drugs discovery. Nat. Prod. Rep., 17: 215 - 234.

    Newman, D. J. and M. G. Cragg, 2007. Natural products as sources of new drugs over the

    last 25 years. J. Nat. Prod, 70: 461 - 477.

    Nilesh, S. Tannu and Scott E Hemby, 2007. De novo protein sequence analysis of

    Macaca mulatta. BMC Genomics, 8: 270.

    Nilesh S Tannu and Scott E Hemby. 2006. De novo protein sequence analysis of Macaca

    mulatta. BMC Genomics, 8: 270. 1471 - 2164.

    http://aem.asm.org/search?author1=Moustafa+A.+El-Nakeeb&sortspec=date&submit=Submithttp://aem.asm.org/search?author1=Hubert+A.+Lechevalier&sortspec=date&submit=Submit

  • xx

    Nuanchai, K. 2009. In vitro Degradation Behavior of Bombyx mori Silk Fibroin Films

    Exposure to Protease XXIII. Biotechnology, 8: 4. 468 - 472.

    Ohshima, M., T.Yamamoto, and K. Soda, 1976. Further characterization of glutaminase

    isozymes from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Agri. Biologi. Chem., 40: 2251 - 2256.

    Okami, Y., 1986. Marine microorganisms as a source of bioactive agents. Microbial

    Ecology, 12: 65 - 78.

    Other antineoplastic drugs. British National Formulary (BNF 57). United Kingdom: BMJ

    Group and RPS Publishing. March 2009. p. 476. ISBN 978-0-85369-845-6.

    Ou, L., X. Wang, J .Ding, Y. Du, H. Zhang, A. Chen and Xu, 2004. Stationary phase

    protein overproduction is a fundamental capability of Escherichia coli, Biochem.

    Biophys. Res. Commun., 314 :174 - 180.

    Page, R. D. M., 1996. Treeview. An application to display phylogenetic trees on personal

    computers. Comput. Appl. Biosci., 12: 357 - 358.

    Pandey, A., C. R. Soccol, J. A. Roudriguez - Leon and P. Nigam, 2001. Production of

    Organic Acids by Solid - State Fermentation. Solid - State Fermentation in

    Biotechnology- Fundamentals and Applications . Asia tech Publishers, New Delhi.

    113 - 126

    Pantelis G. Bagos, Theodore D. Liakopoulos, Ioannis C. Spyropoulos and Stavros J.

    Hamodrakas. 2004. PRED - TMBB: a web server for predicting the topology of

    ß-barrel outer membrane proteins Nucleic Acids Research. 32.

    Papageorgiou, A. C., G. A. Posypanova, C. S. Andersson, N. N. Sokolov and J.

    Krasotkina,. 2008. Structural and functional insights into Erwinia carotovora L -

    asparaginase. FEBS Journal., 275: 4306 - 4316.

    Parkin, D. M., F. Bray, J. Ferlay and P. Pisani, 2005. Global cancer statistics - 2002. CA

    Cancer J. Clin., 55: 74 - 108.

    Pastuszak, I and M. Szymona, 1976. Inhibition and characterization of a Chlamydomonas

    L - asparaginase. Biochemical. J., 203: 109 - 115.

    Pathom-aree, W., J. E. M. Stach, A. C.Ward, K. Horikoshi, A. T. Bull, M. Goodfellow,

    2006. Diversity of actinomycetes isolated from Challenger Deep sediment (10,

    898 m) from the Mariana Trench. Extremophiles, 10: 181 - 189.

    Patterson, S. D. and R. Aebersold, 1995. Mass spectrometric approaches for the

    identification of gel - separated proteins. Electrophoresis, 16: 1791 - 1814.

    http://ascidatabase.com/author.php?author=K.&last=Nuanchaihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_National_Formularyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMJ_Grouphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMJ_Grouphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Numberhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-85369-845-6

  • xxi

    Paul, R., J. Jensen, Tracy, G. Mincer, Philip, Williams and William Fenical, 2005.

    Marine actinomycete diversity and natural product discovery. Antonie van

    Leeuwenhoek, 87: 43 - 48

    Paul, J. H., 1982. Isolation and characterization of a chlamydomonas L - asparaginase,

    Biochem. J., 203: 109 - 115.

    Pecznska - Czoch, W. and M. Mordarski, 1988. Actinomycete enzymes. In

    Actinomycetes in Biotechnology. Academic Press, 219 - 283.

    Pelosi, G., U. Pastorino, F. Pasini, P. Maissoneuve, F. Fraggetta, A. Iannucci, A.

    Sonzogni, G. De Manzoni, A. Terzi, E. Durante, E. Bresaola, F. Pezzella, and

    G. Viale, 2003. Independent prognostic value of fascin immunoreactivity in stage

    I non small cell lung cancer. Br. J. Cancer., 24: 88. 4. 537 - 547.

    Penolazzi, L., E. Lambertini, E. Tavanti, E. Torreggiani, F. Vesce and R. Gambari, et al.,

    2008. Evaluation of chemokine and cytokine profiles in osteoblast progenitors

    from umbilical cord blood stem cells by Bio - Plex technology. Cell Biol. Int.,

    32: 320 - 325.

    Peterson, R. E. and Ciegeler, 1969. Screening, enrichment and media optimization for L-

    asparaginase production. Appl. Microbiol., 18: 1. 64 - 67.

    Pisano, M. A., M. J. Sommer and M. M. Lopez, 1986. Application of pretreatment

    methods for the isolation of bioactive actinomycetes from marine sediments.

    Appl. Microbial., 25: 285 - 288.

    Poznansky, M. J., M. Shandling, M. A. Salkie, J. F. Elliott, E. Lau, 1982. Advantages in

    the use of L-asparaginase - albumin polymer as an antitumor agent. Cancer Res.,

    42: 1020 - 1025.

    Prajapat, R., et al., 2011. Homology Modeling and Docking Studies between AC1 Rep

    Protein of Begomovirus and Whey α - lactalbumin. Asian Journal of Biological

    Sciences, 4: 4. 352 - 361.

    Prakasham, R. S., M. Hymavathi, C. H. Subba Rao, S. K. Arepalli, J. Venkateswara Rao,

    P. Kavin Kennady, K. Nasaruddin, J. B. Vijayakumar, P. N. Sarma, 2010.

    Evaluation of antineoplastic activity of extracellular asparaginase produced by

    isolated Bacillus circulans. Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol., 160: 72 - 80.

    Prayong, P., S. Barusrux and N. Weerapreeyakul, 2008. Cytotoxic activity screening of

    some indigenous Thai plants. Fitoterapia, 79: 598 - 601.

    Prista, A. A. and D. A. Kyriakidis, 2001. L-asparaginase of Thermus thermophilus.

    Purification, properties and identification of essential amino acids for catalytic

    activity. Mol Cell Biochem, 216: 93 - 101.

    http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Pelosi%20G%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=12592367http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Pastorino%20U%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=12592367http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Pasini%20F%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=12592367http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Maissoneuve%20P%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=12592367http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Fraggetta%20F%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=12592367http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Iannucci%20A%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=12592367http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Sonzogni%20A%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=12592367http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=De%20Manzoni%20G%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=12592367http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Terzi%20A%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=12592367http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Durante%20E%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=12592367http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Bresaola%20E%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=12592367http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Pezzella%20F%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=12592367http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Viale%20G%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=12592367http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12592367##http://www.academia.edu/760758/SCREENING_ENRICHMENT_AND_MEDIA_OPTIMIZATION_FOR_L-ASPARAGINASE_PRODUCTIONhttp://www.academia.edu/760758/SCREENING_ENRICHMENT_AND_MEDIA_OPTIMIZATION_FOR_L-ASPARAGINASE_PRODUCTIONhttp://ascidatabase.com/author.php?author=R.&last=Prajapathttp://scialert.net/jindex.php?issn=1996-3351http://scialert.net/jindex.php?issn=1996-3351

  • xxii

    Protein structure prediction on the web. A case study using the Phyre server Kelley LA

    and Sternberg MJE. Nature Protocols, 4. 363.

    Putter, J. and G. Gehrman, 1969. Glycosylation of Escherichia coli L - asparaginase. klin.

    wschr., 47. 1324.

    Qian, G., J. Zhou, D. Wang and B. Hie, 1996. The chemical modification of E. coli: L -

    Asparaginase by N, O - Carboxy methyl chitosan cells, blood substituents and

    immobilization. Biotechno, 24: 567 - 577.

    Rajneesh Prajapat., et al. 2011. Phylogenetics and in silico Docking Studies between

    Coat Protein of Mimosa Yellow Vein Virus and Whey α - lactalbumin. American

    Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. 1: 3. 265 - 274.

    Rasmusson, I., O.Ringden, B. Sundberg and K. Le Blanc, 2003. Mesenchymal stem cells

    inhibit the formation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes, but not activated cytotoxic T

    lymphocytes or natural killer cells. Transplantation, 76: 1208 - 1213.

    Rice, P., et al. 2000. The European molecular biology open software suite. Trends

    Genet, 16: 276 - 277.

    Roberts, J., I. S. Holcenberg and W. C. Dolwy, 1972. Crystallization and properties of

    Achromobacteriacae glutaminase, asparaginase with antitumor activity. J. Biolog.

    Chem., 247: 84 - 90.

    Roberts, J., M. Prager and N. Bachynsky, 1968. New procedures for purification of L-

    sparaginase with high yield from E. coli. J. Bacteriol., 95: 2117 - 2123.

    Rofiq Sunaryanto and Bambang Marwoto, 2010. Marine Actinomycetes screening of

    Banten West Coast and their antibiotics purification. BIODIVERSITAS, 11: 176

    - 181.

    Rosenbergm, Mckenneyk and Shumperldi, 1982. Use of the E. coli galactokinase gene to

    study procaryotic and eucaryotic gene control signals. In Promoters: Structure

    and Functio, 387 - 406.

    Rossi, S. editor. Australian Medicines Handbook, 2011. Adelaide: Australian Medicines

    Handbook Pty Ltd. 2011.

    Rozalska, M., 1989. Staphylococcal L - asparaginase: purification and properties of

    enzymatic protein. Acta. Microbiol. Pol, 38: 233 - 245.

    Saad Osman Abdalla and Safaai Deris, 2005. Predicting Protein Secondary Structure

    Using Artificial Neural Networks. Current Status and Future Directions.

    Information Technology Journal, 4: 2. 189 - 196.

    http://ascidatabase.com/author.php?author=Rajneesh&last=Prajapathttp://scialert.net/jindex.php?issn=2150-4210http://scialert.net/jindex.php?issn=2150-4210http://ascidatabase.com/author.php?author=Saad%20Osman%20Abdalla&last=http://ascidatabase.com/author.php?author=Safaai%20Deris&last=http://scialert.net/jindex.php?issn=1812-5638

  • xxiii

    Sabu, A., 2003. Sources, properties and applications of microbial therapeutic enzymes.

    Indian Journal of Biotechnology, 2: 334 - 341.

    Sahu, M. K., E. S. Poorani, T. Thangaradjou and L. Kannan, 2007. Studies on L-

    asparaginase enzyme of actinomycetes isolated from estuarine fishes. Journal of

    Environmental Biology, 28: 2. 465 - 474.

    Saleem Basha, N., R. Rekha, M. Komala and S. Ruby, 2009. Production of Extracellular

    Anti - leukaemic Enzyme Lasparaginase from Marine Actinomycetes by

    Solidstate and Submerged Fermentation: Purification and Characterisation.

    Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 8: 4. 353 - 360.

    Sambrook, J. and D. V. Russell, 2001. Molecular cloning a laboratory Manual. Cold

    spring Harbor Laboratory Press. Cold Spring Harbor. New York.

    Sanches, M., J. A. R. G. Barbosa, R. T. Oliveira, J. Abrahão - Neto and I. Polikarpov,

    2003. Structural comparison of Escherichia coli L-asparaginase in two

    monoclinic space groups. Acta. Crystallogr D, 59: 416 - 422.

    Sanjay Kumar, V., K. Venkata Dasu and Pakshirajan, 2011. Purification and

    characterization of glutaminase - free L-asparaginase from Pectobacterium

    carotovorum MTCC 1428. Bioresource Technology, 102: 2077 - 2082.

    Sanjay Kumar, Veeranki Venkata Dasu and Kannan Pakshirajan. 2010. Localization and

    production of novel L-asparaginase from Pectobacterium carotovorum MTCC

    1428. Process Biochemistry, 45: 223 - 229.

    Santiago - Lomelí, M., L. E. Gómez - Quiroz, V. M. Ortíz - Ortega, D. Kershenobich, M.

    C. Gutiérrez - Ruiz, 2005. Differential effect of interleukin - 10 on hepatocyte

    apoptosis. Life Sci., 76: 2569 - 2579.

    Sarquis, M., Edna Maria Moraisoliveira, Alberdan Silva Santos and Gisela Laradacosta.

    2004. Production of L-asparaginase by filamentous fungi. Mem Inst. Oswaldo Cruz, Riode Janeiro, 99: 5. 489 - 492.

    Savitri, A. N. and W. Azmi, 2003. Microbial L - asparaginase. A potent antitumor

    enzyme. Indian J. Biotechnol., 2: 184 - 194.

    Schaffer., et al. 2001. Improving the accuracy of PSI - BLAST protein database searches

    with composition - based statistics and other refinements. Nucleic Acids Res., 29:

    2994 - 3005.

    Scheetz, R. W., H. A. Whelan and J. C.Wriston, 1971. Purification and properties of an

    L-asparaginase from Fusarium tricinctum, Archives of Biochemistry and

    Biophysics, 142: 184 - 189.

    http://www.researchgate.net/journal/0003-9861_Archives_of_Biochemistry_and_Biophysicshttp://www.researchgate.net/journal/0003-9861_Archives_of_Biochemistry_and_Biophysics

  • xxiv

    Schonerb, E., M. Hsiungh, M. Belagajewr, G. Maynen and G. Schonerr, 1984. Role of

    mRNA translational efficiency in bovine growth hormone expression.

    Proceedings of' the National Academy of' Sciences of' the United States of

    America, 81: 5403 - 5408.

    Scotti, C., P. Sommi, M. V. Pasquetto, D. Cappelletti, S. Stivala, P. Mignosi, M. Savio, L.

    R. Chiarelli, G.Valentini, V. M. Bolanos - Garcia, D. S. Merrell, S. Franchini, M.

    L. Verona, C. Bolis, E. Solcia, R. Manca, D. Franciotta, A. Casasco, P. Filipazzi,

    E. Zardini and V. Vannini, 2010. Cell - cycle inhibition by Helicobacter pylori

    L - asparaginase, 11: 1 - 11.

    Selmani, Z., A. Naji, I. Zidi, B. Favier, E. Gaiffe, L. Obert, C. Borg, P. Saas, P.

    Tiberghien, N. Rouas - Freiss, E.D. Carosella, and F. Deschaseaux, 2008. Human

    leukocyte antigen - G5 secretion by human mesenchymal stem cells is required to

    suppress T lymphocyte and natural killer function and to induce CD4 + CD

    25 high

    FOXP 3+ regulatory T cells, Stem Cells, 26: 212 - 222.

    Selva kumar, N., Vanaja kumar and R. Natarajan, 1991 Partial purification,

    Charactization and antitumor properties of L-asparaginase (antileukameic agent)

    from Vibrio Bioactive compounds from microorganism, Ed byMary -France

    Thompson, Rachakunda Sarojini and Rachakonda Nagabushanam. Oxford

    and IBH Publ Co Pvt Ltd, Bombay. 289 - 300.

    Senthil kumar, M. and K. Selvam, 2011. Isolation and Purification of High Efficiency L-

    asparaginase by Quantitative Preparative Continuous - elution SDS PAGE

    Electrophoresis, Microbial & Biochemical Technology, 3: 5. 073 - 083.

    Shin, E. C., Y. H. Choi, J. S. Kim, S. J. Kim, J. H. Park, 2002. Expression patterns of

    cytokines and chemokines genes in human hepatoma cells. Yonsei Med. J., 43:

    657 - 664.

    Shirling, E. B. and D. Gottlieb, 1966. Methods for characterization of Streptomyces

    species. Int. J. Syst. Bacterio., 16: 313 - 340.

    Shokri, A., A.M. Sanden and G. Larsson, 2002. Growth rate - dependent changes in

    Escherichia coli membrane structure and protein leakage, Appl. Microbiol.

    Biotechnol., 58: 386 - 392.

    Sippl and Wiederstein. 2008. A note on difficult structure alignment

    problems.Bioinformatics, 24: 426 - 427.

    Sivakumar, K., M. Sahu and K. Kathiresan, 2005. Isolation and characterization of

    Streptomycetes producing antibiotic from mangrove environment. Asian J.

    Microb. Biotechnol. Environ. Sci., 7: 457 - 764.

  • xxv

    Sivakumar, K., M. K.Sahu, P. R. Manivel and L. Kannan, 2006. Optimum conditions for

    L-glutaminase production by actinomycete strain isolated from estuarine fish

    Chanos chanos (Forskal 1975). Ind. J. Exp. Biol, 44: 256 - 258.

    Soares, A. L., G. M. Guimaraes, B. Polakiewicz, R. N. de Moraes pitombo and J.

    Abrahao Neto, 2002. Effect of polyethylene glycol attachment on

    physicochemical and biological stability of Escherichia coli L - asparaginase. Int.

    J. Pharm, 237: 163 - 170.

    Soares, A. L., G. M. Guimaraes, B. Polakiewicz, R. N. de Moraes pitombo and J.

    Abrahao Neto, 2002. Effect of polyethylene glycol attachment on

    physicochemical and biological stability of Escherichia coli L - asparaginase. Int.

    J. Pharm., 237: 163 - 170.

    Sobis, M. and J. Mikucki, 1991. Staphylococcal L - asparaginase. Enzyme kinetics. Acta.

    Microbiol. Pol, 40: 143 - 152.

    Solingen, P., V. M. Dean, A. H. K.Wilhelmus, B. Christopher, B. Robertus, D.P. Scott,

    and E. J. Brian, 2001. From a novel Streptomycetes isolated from an East African

    Soda Lake. Extremophiles, 5: 333 - 341.

    Song, l. H., V. Q. Binh, D. N. Duy, J. F. Kun, T. C. Bock, P. G. Kremsner A. J. Luty,

    2003. Serum cytokine profiles associated with clinical presentation in Vietnamese

    infected with hepatitis B virus. J. Clin. Virol., 28: 93 - 103.

    Spekman, D. H., S. Moore and W. Steins, 1958. Chromatography of amino acids on

    sulphonated polystyrene resins. Anal. Chem., 30: 1185 - 1190.

    Spinzi, G. and S. Paggi, 2008. Sorafenib in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. N. Engl.

    J. Med., 359: 23. 2497 - 2498.

    Srinivasan, M. C., R. S. Laxman and M. V. Deshpande, 1991. Physiology and nutrition

    aspects of Actinomycetes - An overview. World J. Microb. Biotechnol., 7: 171 -

    184.

    Stackebrandt, S. P., 2000. The prokaryotes. An evolving electronic resource for the

    microbiological community. Springer, New York.

    Stickel, F. and C. Hellerbrand, 2010. Non - alcoholic fatty liver disease as a risk factor

    for hepatocellular carcinoma: mechanisms and implications. Gut., 59: 1303 - 7.

    Strohl, W. R., 2004. Antimicrobials. In Microbial Diversity and Bioprospecting. Edited

    by Bull AT. ASM Press, 336 - 355.

  • xxvi

    Suchita Warangkar. C. and N. Chandrahas Khobragade, 2010. Purification,

    Characterization, and Effect of Thiol Compounds on Activity of the Erwinia

    carotovora L - asparaginase. SAGE - Hindawi Access to Research, 10. 4061.

    Sudhanshu Bhushan, Hamid Hossain, Yongning Lu, Andreas Geisler, Svetlin

    Tchatalbachev, Zbigniew Mikulski, Gerhard Schuler, Jorg Klug, Adrian Pilatz,

    Florian Wagenlehner, Trinad Chakraborty, Andreas Meinhardt. Uropathogenic E.

    coli Induce Different Immune Response in Testicular and Peritoneal

    Macrophages: Implications for Testicular Immune Privilege. Plos one. 6: 12.

    e28452.

    Sutthinan Khamna, Akira Yokota and Saisamorn Lumyong. 2009. L-asparaginase

    production by actinomycetes isolated from some Thai medicinal plant rhizosphere

    soils. International Journal of Integrative Biology, 6: 1. 22 - 26.

    Swain, A. L., M. Jaskolski, D. Housset, J. K. M. Rao and A. Wlodawer, 1993. Crystal

    structure of Escherichia coli L - asparaginase, an enzyme used in cancer therapy.

    Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 90: 1474 - 1478.

    Szajnik, M., M. J. Szczepanski, M. Czystowska, E. Elishaev, M. Mandapathil, E. Nowak

    - Markwitz, M. Spaczynski and T. L. Whiteside, 2009. TLR4 signaling induced

    by lipopolysaccharide or paclitaxel regulates tumor survival and chemoresistance

    in ovarian cancer. Oncogene, 28: 4353 - 4363.

    Szczepanski, M. J., M. Czystowska, M. Szajnik, M. Harasymczuk, M. Boyiadzis, A.

    Kruk - Zagajewska, W. Szyfter, J. Zeromski and T. L. Whiteside, 2009.

    Triggering of Toll - like receptor 4 expressed on human head and neck squamous

    cell carcinoma promotes tumor development and protects the tumor from immune

    attack. Cancer Res., 69: 3105 - 3113.

    Taechowisan, T., et al. 2003. Isolation of endophytic actinomycetes from selected plants

    and their antifungal activity. World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 19: 4. 381 - 385.

    Tan, G. Y. A., S. Robinson, E. Lacey and M. Goodfellow, 2006. Exploration of

    Amycolatopsis diversity in soil using genus-specific primers and novel selective

    media. Syst. Appl. Microbiol., 29 : 557 - 569.

    Tannu, N. S., J. Wu, V. K. Rao, H. S. Gadgil and M. J. Pabst., et al. 2004. Paraffin -

    waxcoated plates as matrix - assisted laser desorption / ionization sample support

    for high-throughput identification of proteins by peptide mass fingerprinting.

    Anal. Biochem., 327: 222 - 232.

    Tardito, S., M. Chiu, J. Uggeri, A. Zerbini, F. Da Ros, V. Dall'Asta, G. Missale and O.

    Bussolati, 2011. L-asparaginase and inhibitors of glutamine synthetase disclose

    glutamine addiction of β - catenin - mutated human hepatocellular carcinoma cells.

    Curr. Cancer Drug Target.,. 11: 8. 929 - 943.

    http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Tardito%20S%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=21834755http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Chiu%20M%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=21834755http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Uggeri%20J%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=21834755http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Zerbini%20A%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=21834755http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Da%20Ros%20F%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=21834755http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Dall'Asta%20V%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=21834755http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Missale%20G%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=21834755http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=Bussolati%20O%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=21834755http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21834755##

  • xxvii

    Thaer Abdelghani., Bapi Raju Kurad and Ellaiah oluri, 2009. Antibacterial activity of

    bacterial isolates of soil bacteria collected from Palestine. Current Trends in

    Biotechnology and Pharmacy, 3. 2.

    Theantana, T., T. Hyde and S. Lymyong, 2009. Asparginase production by endophytic

    fungi from Thai medicinal plants: cytotoxicity properties. Int. J. Integrative Biol.,

    7: 1 - 8.

    Thompson, J. D., T. J. Gibson, F. Plewniak, F. Jeanmougin and D. G. Higgins, 1997. The

    CLUSTAL-X Windows interface. Flexible strategies for multiple sequence

    alignment aided by quality analysis tools. Nucleic Acids Res., 25: 4876 - 4882.

    Thompson, J. D., et al. 1994. CLUSTAL W. improving the sensitivity of progressive

    multiple sequence alignment through sequence weighting, position-specific gap

    penalties and weight matrix choice. Nucleic Acids Res., 22: 4673 - 4680.

    Tiwari, N. and R. D. Dua, 1996, Purification and preliminary characterization of L-

    asparaginase from Erwinia aroideae, Indian J Biochem Biophys, 33: 371 - 376.

    Tosa, T., R.Sano, K. Yamamoto, M. Nakamura and I. Chibata, 1972. L-asparaginase

    from Proteus vulgaris; purification, crystallization and enzymic properties. J.

    Biochem., 11: 217 - 222.

    Trevan. M., S. Boffey, K. H. Goulding and P. Stanbury, 2004. The Biological principles.

    New Delhi: Tata Mc Graw - Hill Publishing Ltd; Biotechnology, 155 - 228.

    Triantafillou, D. J., J. G. Georgatsos, D. A. Kyriakidis, 1988. Purification and properties

    of a membrane - bound L-asparaginase of Tetrahymena pyriformis. Mol. Cell

    Biochem., 81: 43 - 51.

    Tunga R., R. Banerjee and B. C. Bhattacharya, 1999 Bioprocess Engineerin, 20: 485-

    489.

    Uccelli, A., L. Moretta and V. Pistoia, 2008. Mesenchymal stem cells in health and

    disease, Nat. Rev., 8: 726 - 736.

    UCLA - DOE Institute for Genomics & Proteomics Server http://www.doe-

    mbiucla.edu/Services.

    Usman, S. F., et al. 2008. In silico Mutation Study of Haemagglutinin and Neuraminidase

    on Banten Province Strain Influenza A H5N1 Virus. Trends in Bioinformatics,

    1: 1. 18 - 24.

    http://www.abap.co.in/http://www.abap.co.in/http://www.doe-mbiucla.edu/Serviceshttp://www.doe-mbiucla.edu/Serviceshttp://ascidatabase.com/author.php?author=Usman%20S.F.&last=Tambunanhttp://scialert.net/jindex.php?issn=1994-7941

  • xxviii

    Ventura, M., C. Canchaya, A. Tauch, G. Chandra, G. F. Fitzgerald, K. F. Chater and D.

    van Sinderen, 2007. Genomics of Actinobacteria: Tracing the evolutionary

    history of an ancient phylum. Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev., 71: 495 - 548.

    Verma, N., K. Kumar, G. Kaur and S. Anand, 2007 L - asparaginase: A promising

    chemotherapeutic agent. Critical Reviews in Biotechnol., 27: 45 - 62.

    Verma, N., K. Kumar, G. Kaur and S. Anand, 2007. Escherichia coli K - 12 asparaginase

    based asparagine biosensor for leukemia. Artif. Cells Blood Substit. Immobil.

    Biotechno, 35: 449 - 456.

    Vijayakumar, R., C. Muthukumar, N. Thajuddin, A. Pannerselvam and R.

    Saravanamuthu, 2007. Studies on the diversity of Actinomycetes in the PalkStrait

    region of Bay of Bengal, India. Actinomycetologica, 21 : 59 - 65.

    Vijayakumar. R., V. Seethalakshmi, S. Anitha and R. Saravanamuthu, 2009. Isolation and

    Characterization of antagonistic Actinomycetes from Coimbatore soils, Tamil

    Nadu, India. J. Sci. Trance Environ. Technol, 2: 191 - 201.

    Vriend, G. and C. Sander, 1993. Quality control of protein models: Directional atomic

    contact analysis. Journal of Applied Crystallography, 26: 47 - 60.

    Wagner, K., M. Peters, A. Scholz, C. Benckert, H. S. Ruderisch, B. Wiedenmann, S.

    Rosewicz, 2004. Activin. A stimulates vascular endothelial growth factor gene

    transcription in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Gastroenterology, 126:

    1828 - 1843.

    Wands, J., 2007. Hepatocellular carcinoma and sex. N. Engl. J. Med., 357: 19.1974 -

    1976.

    Wang, L., W. Z. Wu, H. C. Sun, X. F. Wu, L. X. Qin, Y. K. Liu, K. D. Liu and Z. Y.Tang,

    2003. Mechanism of interferon on inhibition of metastasis and angiogenesis of

    hepatocellular carcinoma after curative resection in nude mice. J. Gastrointest.

    Surg., 7: 587 - 594.

    Warangkar, S. C. and C. N. Andkhobragade, 2009. Screening, enrichment and media

    optimization for L-asparaginase production. Journal of Cell and Tissue

    Research, 9: 3. 1963 - 1968.

    Warangkar, S. C. and C. N. Khobragade, 2010. Purification, characterization, and effect

    of thiol compounds on activity of the Erwinia carotovora L - asparaginase. Enz.

    Res., 1: 1 - 10.

    Weyland, H., 1969. Actinomycetes in North Sea and Atlantic Ocean sediments. Nature.

    223. 858.

  • xxix

    Weyland, H., 1981. Characteristics of Actinomycetes isolated from marine sediments.

    Zentralblatt für Bakteriologie, Parasitenkunde, Infektionskrankheitenund.

    Hygiene. 1: 2. 309 - 314.

    Weyland, H. and E. Helmke, 1988. Actinomycetes in the marine environment. In: The

    Biology of Actinomycetes. Okami, Y., Beppu, T. and NagamuraH. (eds.). Japan

    Scientific Society Press, Tokyo, p. 294.

    Wiederstein. and Sippl 2007. ProSA - web. Interactive web service for the recognition of

    errors in three - dimensional structures of proteins. Nucleic Acids Research, 35:

    407 - 410.

    Wikman, L. E., J. Krasotkina, A. Kuchumova, N. N. Sokolov and A.C. Papageorgiou,

    2005. Crystallization and preliminary crystallographic analysis of L-asparaginase

    from Erwinia carotovora . Acta Crystallogr. Sect. F. Struct. Biol. Cryst.

    Commun., 61: 407 - 409.

    Wileman, T. E., R. L. Foster, P. N. Elliott, 1986. Soluble asparaginase - dextran

    conjugates show increased circulatory persistence and lowered antigen reactivity.

    J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 38: 264 - 271.

    Williams, S. T., 1978. Streptomycetes in the soil ecosystem. p. 137-142. In M. Mordarski,

    W. Kurylowicz. and J.Jeljasze%kicz (ed.). Nocardia and Streptonmyces:

    proceedings of the international symposium on Nocardia and Streptomyces,

    Warsaw. October 1976. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart.

    Willis, R.C., C. A. Woolfolk, 1974. Asparagine utilization in Escherichia coli. J.

    Bacteriol, 118: 231 - 241.

    Wiltrout, R. H., 2000. Regulation and antimetastatic functions of liver associated natural

    killer cells. Immunol. Rev., 174: 63 - 76.

    Wong, R. J., R. Gish, T. Frederick, N. Bzowej, C. Frenette, 2011. Development of

    hepatocellular carcinoma in autoimmune hepatitis patients: a case series. Dig. Dis.

    Sci., 56: 578 - 585.

    World Heath Organisation Website, GLOBOCAN - 2008 (IARC) Section of Cancer

    information; http://globocan.iarc.fr/factsheets/cancers/liver.asp accessed 1st

    February 2013.

    Wriston, Jr. J. C. and T. O. Yellin, 1973. L - asparaginase: a review. Advances in

    Enzymology and Related Areas of Molecular Biology, 39: 185 - 248.

    Wu, X. Z., 2008. New strategy of antiangiogenic therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma.

    Neoplasma, 55: 472 - 481.

    http://globocan.iarc.fr/factsheets/cancers/liver.asp%20accessed%201st%20February%202013http://globocan.iarc.fr/factsheets/cancers/liver.asp%20accessed%201st%20February%202013

  • xxx

    Xin Wei Wang and Anuradha Budhu 2006. The role of cytokines in hepatocellular

    carcinoma. Journal of Leukocyte Biology, 80: 1197 - 1213

    Yang, A. S. and B. Honig, 2000. An integrated approach to the analysis and modeling of

    protein sequences and structures. J. Mol. Biol., 301: 665 - 711.

    Yang, H. I., M. Sherman, J. Su, P. J. Chen, Y. F. Liaw., et al. 2010. Nomograms for risk

    of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection. J.

    Clin. Oncol., 28: 2437 - 2444.

    Yao, M., Y. Yasutake, H. Morita and I. Tanaka, 2005. Structure of the type I

    L-asparaginase from the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus horikoshii at

    2.16 angstroms resolution. Acta. Crystallogr. D., 61: 294 - 301.

    Yoko Takahashi and Saoshi Omura, 2003. Isolation of new actinomycetes strains for

    screening of new bioactive compounds. J. Gen. Appl. Microbiol., 49: 141 - 154.

    Yuen, M. F., Y.Tanaka, D. Y. Fong, J. Fung, D. K. Wong., et al. 2009. Independent risk

    factors and predictive score for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma in

    chronic hepatitis B. J. Hepatol., 50: 80 - 88.

    Yun, M. K., A. Nourse, S. W. White, C. O. Rock and R. J. Heath, 2007. Crystal structure

    and allosteric regulation of the cytoplasmic Escherichia coli L-asparaginase I. J.

    Mol. Biol., 369: 794 - 811.

    Zhang, N., F. Clarke, G. Di Trapani, D. Keought and I. Beacham, 1995. Guinea pig

    serum L - asparaginase. purification, and immunological relationship to liver

    L-asparaginase and serum L - asparaginases in other mammals. Comp. Biochem.

    Physiol., I12B. 4: 607 - 612.

    Zhao, Z., H. S. Shin, H. Satsu, M. Totsuka and M. Shimizu, 2008. 5 - caffeoylquinic acid

    and caffeic acid down-regulate the oxidative stress- and TNF-alpha-induced

    secretion of interleukin-8 from Caco - 2 cells. J. Agric. Food Chem., 56:

    3863 - 3868.

    Zhou, L., J. Liu and F. Luo, 2006. Serum tumor markers for detection of hepatocellular

    carcinoma. World J. Gastroenterol., 12: 8. 1175 - 1181.

    Zhu, A. X. and E. Raymond, 2009. Early development of sunitinib in hepatocellular

    carcinoma. Expert Rev. Anticancer Ther., 9: 1.143 - 150.

    Zin, N. M., C. S. Loi, N. M. Sarmin and A. N. Rosli, 2010. Cultivation - Dependent

    Characterization of Endophytic Actinomycetes. Research Journal of

    Microbiology, 5: 717 - 724.