Rosseni DinMuhammad Faisal Kamarul Zaman

Nurainshah Abdul Mutalib

Why?To describe the sampleTo check the assumptionTo address specific research questions

How?FrequenciesDescriptivesExplore

FrequenciesCategorical variablesE.g.

Male vs Female

DescriptivesContinous variablesProvides:

MeanMedianStandard deviation

Provides info on distribution of scoresSkewnessKurtosis

Searching for missing data

NormalitySymmetrical, bell-shaped curveGreatest frequencies in the middle and

smaller are toward the extremeObtained by skewness and kurtosis valuesHistogram can also be used

OutliersHistogram

Look at the tails of the distributionBoxplot

Look at the little circles with number attachedCheck whether it is an error or not

Descriptive StatisticDescriptive statistic used to give a systematic general idea using Frequency, Mean and others.

This test is only used to report frequencies and percentages involved in the researches conducted. The steps are:

1. Click Analyze, Descriptive Statistics and choose Frequency

2. This will be displayed:

3. Move the variables that you want to look at the frequencies

4. Click Charts and choose any tye of charts that you wanted to use, then click ok

5. This will be the result:

6. Or like this:

7. Maybe like this:

Data normality testin general, it is used for inferential statistic. The procedures are:

1.Click Analyze, Descriptive Statistics and choose EXPLORE.

2. Choose the variable that you want and then move them to Dependent List box

3. in Label Cases by box, put your independent Variable

4. In Display, make sure both (Dependent dan Independent) is chosen.

5. For Statistic choices, choose Descriptive and Outliers

6. for Plot, under descriptive, choose Histogram. click Normality Plots with test. Then click Continue

7. For Option, in Missing Value section, choose Exclude Cases pairwaise. Click continue then OK

8. The output will be like this:

Tests of Normality

Kolmogorov-Smirnova Shapiro-Wilk

Statistic df Sig. Statistic df Sig.

variabel.x 0.159 249 0.000 .948 249 0.000

a. Lilliefors Significance Correction

for Kolmogorof- Smirnov table, we are given information about data normality value. When the value shows non signifikan value ( value > 0.05) this shows that the data is normal

To look for OUTLIERS

from the normality test procedures , we can also look for outliers in our data. This can be done using Boxplot. It is shown in small circle with number outside the boxplot as shown in the next slide:

Example of data that have outliers

In this case, there are 2 data which is categorized as outliers which is respondent number 177 dan 117. in order to eliminate them we need to go back and delete this 2 data.

Money Isn’t an Issue!

Topics With Parents

Relative % Frequency

Everything 45%

Academics 29%

Social Life 17%

Lets Parents Talk 6%

Money 3%

Total 100%

Only 3% of

students talk with their parents about money. Are USD

students that well off?

Do you value YOURYOUR LIFELIFE?

Times With Drunk Driver

Relative % Frequency

Cumulative %

Frequency

10+ 26% 26%

7 - 9 5% 31%

4 - 6 11% 42%

1 - 3 18% 60%

0 40% 100%

Total 100% 100%

60% of USD

students have gotten inside a car with a drunk driver. What does this say about

our respect for life?

Normal is the New SkinnyNumber of Breakfasts

Weight 0-1 2-3 4-5 6-7

Under 0% 11% 11% 6%

Normal 71% 89% 68% 80%

Over 29% 0% 21% 14%

Grand Total 100% 100% 100% 100%

Of the students that eat 0 or 1 breakfast a week,

0% are under weight.

Ironically, the under weight eat.

Car or Education:What’s More Important?

The less money received for an education, the more

money spent on a vehicle.

Money, Money, Money

USD’s tuition is $200,000 for four

years.

42%of students are paying without assistance for an education that they

could spend on a Ferrari.

Will we live in a virtual reality?

Mean 1.530256Standard Error 0.133201Median 1.5Mode 2Standard Deviation 1.073897Sample Variance 1.153254Kurtosis 9.889534Skewness 2.31316Range 7Minimum 0Maximum 7Sum 99.46667Count 65

USD students spend

90 minutes on

social networks a day. How will future generations learn

to socialize?

Hands-on exerciseUse survey3ED.sav from

www.allenandunwin.com/spss

OR

http://rosseni.wordpress.com/2011/07/15/spss-for-beginners/

Procedure for Creating a bar graph1. Graphs > Legacy Dialogs > Bar > Clustered

2. In Data in Chart are section, click on Summaries for groups of cases > click Define

3. In the Bars represent box click Other summaries function - click on the continuous variable of interest (e.g. total perceived stress). Click on the arrow button The variable should appear in the box listed as Mean (Total Perceived Stress). This indicates that the mean on the Perceived Stress Scale for the different groups will be displayed

Procedure for Creating a bargraph4. Click on your first categorical variable (eg

agegp3). Click on the arrow button to move it into the Category Axis box. This variable will appear across the bottom of your bar graph (x axis).

5. Click on another categorical variable (eg sex). Click on the arrow button to move it into the Define clusters by: box. This variable will be represented in the legend

6. OK