Rosetta_CD\PR\what_is_RS.ppt, 04.09.2015 18:39AM, 1 Mars Express Radio Science Experiment MaRS MaRS Radio Science Data: Level 3 & 4 The retrieval S.Tellmann,

$Page 1: Rosetta_CD\PR\what_is_RS.ppt, 04.09.2015 18:39AM, 1 Mars Express Radio Science Experiment MaRS MaRS Radio Science Data: Level 3 & 4 The retrieval S.Tellmann,$
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Mars Express Radio Science Experiment MaRS

MaRS Radio Science DataLevel 3 amp 4

The retrieval

STellmann MPaumltzold

ESACJune 2008

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Overview

LEVEL 3 bull The data preparation bull Calculation of bending angle and rayparameterbull The Abel Transformation

LEVEL 4bull The Neutral Atmosphere

bull Calculation ofbull Densitybull Temperaturebull Pressure

bull The Ionospherebull Calculation of the electron density

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Level 3Retrieval of the Refractivity and the Radius

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Level 3 Data Processing Flow ChartInput Level 2 residual

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Level 3 Data Processing Flow ChartInput Level 2 residual Baseline fit correction

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Starting Point Residual

bull Starting point Level 2 residual

Offset

Offset (andor trend) Reason Uncertainties in Orbit

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Baseline Fit Correction


Offset

range for baseline fit

radius ~ 4000 km

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Residual after Correction

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Calculation of Measurement Geometry Occultation Plane

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Next Goal Calculation of Bending angle amp Rayparameter

bending angle

a rayparameter

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bending angle

a rayparameter

Measurement geometry must be known

Occultation Plane containing bull Groundstationbull Planetbull Spacecraft

given by

z vector from groundstation to planet

r vector perpendicular to z and in this OCC plane

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Occultation (OCC) plane

Radio Link

MEX orbit

OCC plane at time tm

Earth direction

Calculation of state vectors for every measurement sample

PMEXVMEX

PGSVGS

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Calculation of Bending Angle amp Rayparameter


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bending angle

a rayparameter

Solve equations from [Fjeldbo et al 1971]

B ( ) = ( )

whereb11 = -vrs sin(e ndash r) + vzs cos(e ndash r)

b12 = -vrt cos(s ndash r) + vzt sin(s ndash r)b21 = (rs+ zs)12 sin(be ndash ndash r)b22 = zt cos(s ndash r)

k1 = c ffs + vrs[cos(e ndash r) ndash cose] + vzs[sin(e ndash r) ndash sine] - vrt[sin(s ndash r) ndash sins] ndash vzt[cos(s ndash r) ndash coss]k2 = zt sin(s ndash r) + (rs

2-zs2)12 sin(e ndash ndash r)

r

r

k1

k2

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bending angle = r + r

rayparameter a = (rs

2 + zs2)12 sin(e ndash r ndash )

Calculation of Bending angle amp Rayparameter

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Abel Transformation Calculation of Refractivity amp Radius


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Calculation of Refractivity amp Radius

ln r01

1

a

aa1

ada

a2 a21

12

n 1

106

Refractive index n n

Refractivity

Radius r r01 a1

n

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18Algorithm for the calculation of the refractive index via an Abel transform

Initialise a vector of dimension sbquoilsquoTo store the row integrals

Current rayparameter of layer sbquoilsquo

Upper and lower boundary of the current row integral

Bending angle of the current layer

Call of the integration function and storing of the integral output

Summing up of the array Zintegral

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Summing up of the array Zintegral INTEGRALIntegration routine able to handle the pole

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Calculation of Refractivityra

diu

s [k

m]

Bending Angle Refractivity

Abeltransform

Bending angle [deg 106 ]

Refraktivitaumlt [deg 106 ]

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The Occultation Footpoints

x

Occultation footpointMoving over the surface of Mars

Spacecraft

Earth direction

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bull Calculation of intersection point of ray asymptotes using spherical symmetrybull Transformation of this vector into planetary coordinates (lat lon) for every measurement value

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Main Output Refractivity Radius amp OCC Footpoints

Calculation of Occultation Footpoints

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Level 4The Neutral Atmosphere

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Starting Point Refractivity

Ionosphere Negative Refraktivity higher than ~ 80 km altitude approx 3480 km radius

Transition Region no significant bending approx 60 km ndash 80 km altitude approx 3450 km ndash 3480 km

Neutral Atmosphere positive Refractivity up to approx 50 km altitude up to approx 3450 km radiusNeutral Atmosphere

Ionosphere

Ionopause

Transition Region

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The Neutral Number Density

refractivityC1 atmospheric constantk Boltzman constantn neutral number density

h C1n h

k

bull C1 is based on the atmospheric composition (CO2 N2 Ar)bull C1 = 13063 10-6 Kms2kg known from laboratory measurements [Hinson et al 1999]

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bull Ideal gas law relates Pressure Temperature and Density

bull Hydrostatic equilibrium in well-mixed atmosphere temperature can be derived directly from neutral number density

Calculation of Pressure and Temperature

hdhghnhnk

mT

hhT

uph

h

upup

hThnkhp

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hdhghnhnk

mT

hhT

uph

h

upup

hThnkhp

upper boundary condition

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Upper boundary condition of temperature

140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220

3380

3390

3400

3410

3420

Rad

ius

[km

]

Temperature [K]

T_up = 160 KT_up = 150 KT_up = 170 K

Tup = 150 KTup = 160 KTup = 170 K

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Level 4 Neutral Atmosphere Data Processing Flow Chart

Input Refractivity Profile

Calculation of Neutral Number Density

Calculation of Temperature and Pressure

Main Output Profiles of Temperature Pressure and Density

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Level 4The Ionosphere

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The Electron Density

h C3

Ne

f20

f0 Radio link frequency

Ne electron density

C3 = 4031

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0 2 4 6 8 10 12

electron density (1010 elm3)

50

150

250

350

450

550

650

alt

itu

de

wit

h r

es

pe

ct

to M

OL

A s

urf

ac

e (

km

)

electron density DOY 197 orbit 621 DSN

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2007 Autumn2005 Autumn2005 Spring2005 Spring

Temperature Profiles Northern Hemisphere

350degN

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Typical daytime profile middle latitude

350degN

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morning profileinversion in boundary layer

350degN

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Stationary wave structures

350degN

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Comparison with Model middle latitudes

120 140 160 180 200 220

Temperature [K]

103

102

101

Pre

ssu

re [

Pa]

MaRSGCM low dustGCM med dustGCM high dust

DOY 120 2007 (4538degN2782degE)

120 140 160 180 200 220

Temperature [K]

102

101

Pre

ssu

re [

Pa]

DOY 145 2007 (4264deg N 142degE)



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120 140 160 180 200 220

Temperature [K]

102

101

Pre

ss

ure

[P

a]

DOY 138 2007 (6002deg N 2167degE)


Comparison with Model 60deg N


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120 140 160 180 200 220

Temperature [K]

103

102

101

Pre

ss

ure

[P

a]

DOY 134 2007 (6333deg N 2000degE)




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Comparison with Model Winter Night

MaRS GCM (LMD)

Tem

per

atu

re [

K]

alti

tud

e [

km]

alti

tud

e [

km]

planetary latitude [deg]planetary latitude [deg]

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Autumn profiles

Ls = 250deg ndash 265deg Ls = 227deg ndash 235deg

2005 2007

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Autumn amp Winter profiles


Ls = 345deg ndash 15deg

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Overview

LEVEL 3 bull The data preparation bull Calculation of bending angle and rayparameterbull The Abel Transformation

LEVEL 4bull The Neutral Atmosphere

bull Calculation ofbull Densitybull Temperaturebull Pressure

bull The Ionospherebull Calculation of the electron density

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Offset


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Offset


radius ~ 4000 km

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bending angle

a rayparameter

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bending angle

a rayparameter



given by



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Radio Link

MEX orbit


Earth direction


PMEXVMEX

PGSVGS

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bending angle

a rayparameter


B ( ) = ( )





r

r

k1

k2

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ln r01

1

a

aa1

ada

a2 a21

12

n 1

106


Refractivity

Radius r r01 a1

n

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diu

s [k

m]


Abeltransform



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x


Spacecraft

Earth direction

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Ionosphere

Ionopause

Transition Region

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h C1n h

k


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hdhghnhnk

mT

hhT

uph

h

upup

hThnkhp

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hdhghnhnk

mT

hhT

uph

h

upup

hThnkhp


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140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220

3380

3390

3400

3410

3420

Rad

ius

[km

]

Temperature [K]

T_up = 160 KT_up = 150 KT_up = 170 K

Tup = 150 KTup = 160 KTup = 170 K

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h C3

Ne

f20


Ne electron density

C3 = 4031

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0 2 4 6 8 10 12


50

150

250

350

450

550

650

alt

itu

de

wit

h r

es

pe

ct

to M

OL

A s

urf

ac

e (

km

)


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350degN

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350degN

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350degN

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350degN

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120 140 160 180 200 220

Temperature [K]

103

102

101

Pre

ssu

re [

Pa]


DOY 120 2007 (4538degN2782degE)

120 140 160 180 200 220

Temperature [K]

102

101

Pre

ssu

re [

Pa]

DOY 145 2007 (4264deg N 142degE)



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120 140 160 180 200 220

Temperature [K]

102

101

Pre

ss

ure

[P

a]

DOY 138 2007 (6002deg N 2167degE)




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40

120 140 160 180 200 220

Temperature [K]

103

102

101

Pre

ss

ure

[P

a]

DOY 134 2007 (6333deg N 2000degE)




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MaRS GCM (LMD)

Tem

per

atu

re [

K]

alti

tud

e [

km]

alti

tud

e [

km]


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Autumn profiles


2005 2007

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43




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3


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4


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5


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Offset


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Offset


radius ~ 4000 km

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9



Ros

etta

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bending angle

a rayparameter

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11


bending angle

a rayparameter



given by



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wha

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_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

12


Radio Link

MEX orbit


Earth direction


PMEXVMEX

PGSVGS

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

13




Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

14


bending angle

a rayparameter


B ( ) = ( )





r

r

k1

k2

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

15





Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

16





Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

17


ln r01

1

a

aa1

ada

a2 a21

12

n 1

106


Refractivity

Radius r r01 a1

n

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M








Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M








Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

20


diu

s [k

m]


Abeltransform



Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

21


x


Spacecraft

Earth direction

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

22



Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

23







Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

24


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

25





Ionosphere

Ionopause

Transition Region

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

26



h C1n h

k


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

27




hdhghnhnk

mT

hhT

uph

h

upup

hThnkhp

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

28




hdhghnhnk

mT

hhT

uph

h

upup

hThnkhp


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

29


140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220

3380

3390

3400

3410

3420

Rad

ius

[km

]

Temperature [K]

T_up = 160 KT_up = 150 KT_up = 170 K

Tup = 150 KTup = 160 KTup = 170 K

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

30






Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

31


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

32


h C3

Ne

f20


Ne electron density

C3 = 4031

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

33


0 2 4 6 8 10 12


50

150

250

350

450

550

650

alt

itu

de

wit

h r

es

pe

ct

to M

OL

A s

urf

ac

e (

km

)


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

34



350degN

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

35




350degN

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

36




350degN

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

37




350degN

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

38


120 140 160 180 200 220

Temperature [K]

103

102

101

Pre

ssu

re [

Pa]


DOY 120 2007 (4538degN2782degE)

120 140 160 180 200 220

Temperature [K]

102

101

Pre

ssu

re [

Pa]

DOY 145 2007 (4264deg N 142degE)



Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

39

120 140 160 180 200 220

Temperature [K]

102

101

Pre

ss

ure

[P

a]

DOY 138 2007 (6002deg N 2167degE)




Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

40

120 140 160 180 200 220

Temperature [K]

103

102

101

Pre

ss

ure

[P

a]

DOY 134 2007 (6333deg N 2000degE)




Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

41


MaRS GCM (LMD)

Tem

per

atu

re [

K]

alti

tud

e [

km]

alti

tud

e [

km]


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

42

Autumn profiles


2005 2007

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

43




Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

4


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

5


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

6



Offset


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

7



Offset


radius ~ 4000 km

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

8


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

9



Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

10


bending angle

a rayparameter

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

11


bending angle

a rayparameter



given by



Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

12


Radio Link

MEX orbit


Earth direction


PMEXVMEX

PGSVGS

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

13




Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

14


bending angle

a rayparameter


B ( ) = ( )





r

r

k1

k2

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

15





Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

16





Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

17


ln r01

1

a

aa1

ada

a2 a21

12

n 1

106


Refractivity

Radius r r01 a1

n

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M








Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M








Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

20


diu

s [k

m]


Abeltransform



Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

21


x


Spacecraft

Earth direction

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

22



Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

23







Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

24


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

25





Ionosphere

Ionopause

Transition Region

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

26



h C1n h

k


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

27




hdhghnhnk

mT

hhT

uph

h

upup

hThnkhp

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

28




hdhghnhnk

mT

hhT

uph

h

upup

hThnkhp


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

29


140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220

3380

3390

3400

3410

3420

Rad

ius

[km

]

Temperature [K]

T_up = 160 KT_up = 150 KT_up = 170 K

Tup = 150 KTup = 160 KTup = 170 K

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

30






Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

31


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

32


h C3

Ne

f20


Ne electron density

C3 = 4031

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

33


0 2 4 6 8 10 12


50

150

250

350

450

550

650

alt

itu

de

wit

h r

es

pe

ct

to M

OL

A s

urf

ac

e (

km

)


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

34



350degN

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

35




350degN

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

36




350degN

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

37




350degN

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

38


120 140 160 180 200 220

Temperature [K]

103

102

101

Pre

ssu

re [

Pa]


DOY 120 2007 (4538degN2782degE)

120 140 160 180 200 220

Temperature [K]

102

101

Pre

ssu

re [

Pa]

DOY 145 2007 (4264deg N 142degE)



Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

39

120 140 160 180 200 220

Temperature [K]

102

101

Pre

ss

ure

[P

a]

DOY 138 2007 (6002deg N 2167degE)




Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

40

120 140 160 180 200 220

Temperature [K]

103

102

101

Pre

ss

ure

[P

a]

DOY 134 2007 (6333deg N 2000degE)




Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

41


MaRS GCM (LMD)

Tem

per

atu

re [

K]

alti

tud

e [

km]

alti

tud

e [

km]


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

42

Autumn profiles


2005 2007

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

43




Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

5


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

6



Offset


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

7



Offset


radius ~ 4000 km

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

8


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

9



Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

10


bending angle

a rayparameter

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

11


bending angle

a rayparameter



given by



Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

12


Radio Link

MEX orbit


Earth direction


PMEXVMEX

PGSVGS

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

13




Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

14


bending angle

a rayparameter


B ( ) = ( )





r

r

k1

k2

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

15





Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

16





Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

17


ln r01

1

a

aa1

ada

a2 a21

12

n 1

106


Refractivity

Radius r r01 a1

n

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M








Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M








Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

20


diu

s [k

m]


Abeltransform



Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

21


x


Spacecraft

Earth direction

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

22



Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

23







Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

24


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

25





Ionosphere

Ionopause

Transition Region

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

26



h C1n h

k


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

27




hdhghnhnk

mT

hhT

uph

h

upup

hThnkhp

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

28




hdhghnhnk

mT

hhT

uph

h

upup

hThnkhp


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

29


140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220

3380

3390

3400

3410

3420

Rad

ius

[km

]

Temperature [K]

T_up = 160 KT_up = 150 KT_up = 170 K

Tup = 150 KTup = 160 KTup = 170 K

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

30






Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

31


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

32


h C3

Ne

f20


Ne electron density

C3 = 4031

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

33


0 2 4 6 8 10 12


50

150

250

350

450

550

650

alt

itu

de

wit

h r

es

pe

ct

to M

OL

A s

urf

ac

e (

km

)


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

34



350degN

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

35




350degN

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

36




350degN

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

37




350degN

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

38


120 140 160 180 200 220

Temperature [K]

103

102

101

Pre

ssu

re [

Pa]


DOY 120 2007 (4538degN2782degE)

120 140 160 180 200 220

Temperature [K]

102

101

Pre

ssu

re [

Pa]

DOY 145 2007 (4264deg N 142degE)



Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

39

120 140 160 180 200 220

Temperature [K]

102

101

Pre

ss

ure

[P

a]

DOY 138 2007 (6002deg N 2167degE)




Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

40

120 140 160 180 200 220

Temperature [K]

103

102

101

Pre

ss

ure

[P

a]

DOY 134 2007 (6333deg N 2000degE)




Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

41


MaRS GCM (LMD)

Tem

per

atu

re [

K]

alti

tud

e [

km]

alti

tud

e [

km]


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

42

Autumn profiles


2005 2007

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

43




Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

6



Offset


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

7



Offset


radius ~ 4000 km

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

8


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

9



Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

10


bending angle

a rayparameter

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

11


bending angle

a rayparameter



given by



Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

12


Radio Link

MEX orbit


Earth direction


PMEXVMEX

PGSVGS

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

13




Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

14


bending angle

a rayparameter


B ( ) = ( )





r

r

k1

k2

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

15





Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

16





Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

17


ln r01

1

a

aa1

ada

a2 a21

12

n 1

106


Refractivity

Radius r r01 a1

n

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M








Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M








Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

20


diu

s [k

m]


Abeltransform



Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

21


x


Spacecraft

Earth direction

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

22



Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

23







Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

24


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

25





Ionosphere

Ionopause

Transition Region

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

26



h C1n h

k


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

27




hdhghnhnk

mT

hhT

uph

h

upup

hThnkhp

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

28




hdhghnhnk

mT

hhT

uph

h

upup

hThnkhp


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

29


140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220

3380

3390

3400

3410

3420

Rad

ius

[km

]

Temperature [K]

T_up = 160 KT_up = 150 KT_up = 170 K

Tup = 150 KTup = 160 KTup = 170 K

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

30






Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

31


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

32


h C3

Ne

f20


Ne electron density

C3 = 4031

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

33


0 2 4 6 8 10 12


50

150

250

350

450

550

650

alt

itu

de

wit

h r

es

pe

ct

to M

OL

A s

urf

ac

e (

km

)


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

34



350degN

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

35




350degN

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

36




350degN

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

37




350degN

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

38


120 140 160 180 200 220

Temperature [K]

103

102

101

Pre

ssu

re [

Pa]


DOY 120 2007 (4538degN2782degE)

120 140 160 180 200 220

Temperature [K]

102

101

Pre

ssu

re [

Pa]

DOY 145 2007 (4264deg N 142degE)



Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

39

120 140 160 180 200 220

Temperature [K]

102

101

Pre

ss

ure

[P

a]

DOY 138 2007 (6002deg N 2167degE)




Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

40

120 140 160 180 200 220

Temperature [K]

103

102

101

Pre

ss

ure

[P

a]

DOY 134 2007 (6333deg N 2000degE)




Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

41


MaRS GCM (LMD)

Tem

per

atu

re [

K]

alti

tud

e [

km]

alti

tud

e [

km]


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

42

Autumn profiles


2005 2007

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

43




Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

7



Offset


radius ~ 4000 km

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

8


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

9



Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

10


bending angle

a rayparameter

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

11


bending angle

a rayparameter



given by



Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

12


Radio Link

MEX orbit


Earth direction


PMEXVMEX

PGSVGS

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

13




Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

14


bending angle

a rayparameter


B ( ) = ( )





r

r

k1

k2

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

15





Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

16





Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

17


ln r01

1

a

aa1

ada

a2 a21

12

n 1

106


Refractivity

Radius r r01 a1

n

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M








Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M








Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

20


diu

s [k

m]


Abeltransform



Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

21


x


Spacecraft

Earth direction

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

22



Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

23







Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

24


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

25





Ionosphere

Ionopause

Transition Region

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

26



h C1n h

k


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

27




hdhghnhnk

mT

hhT

uph

h

upup

hThnkhp

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

28




hdhghnhnk

mT

hhT

uph

h

upup

hThnkhp


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

29


140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220

3380

3390

3400

3410

3420

Rad

ius

[km

]

Temperature [K]

T_up = 160 KT_up = 150 KT_up = 170 K

Tup = 150 KTup = 160 KTup = 170 K

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

30






Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

31


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

32


h C3

Ne

f20


Ne electron density

C3 = 4031

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

33


0 2 4 6 8 10 12


50

150

250

350

450

550

650

alt

itu

de

wit

h r

es

pe

ct

to M

OL

A s

urf

ac

e (

km

)


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

34



350degN

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

35




350degN

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

36




350degN

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

37




350degN

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

38


120 140 160 180 200 220

Temperature [K]

103

102

101

Pre

ssu

re [

Pa]


DOY 120 2007 (4538degN2782degE)

120 140 160 180 200 220

Temperature [K]

102

101

Pre

ssu

re [

Pa]

DOY 145 2007 (4264deg N 142degE)



Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

39

120 140 160 180 200 220

Temperature [K]

102

101

Pre

ss

ure

[P

a]

DOY 138 2007 (6002deg N 2167degE)




Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

40

120 140 160 180 200 220

Temperature [K]

103

102

101

Pre

ss

ure

[P

a]

DOY 134 2007 (6333deg N 2000degE)




Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

41


MaRS GCM (LMD)

Tem

per

atu

re [

K]

alti

tud

e [

km]

alti

tud

e [

km]


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

42

Autumn profiles


2005 2007

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

43




Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

8


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

9



Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

10


bending angle

a rayparameter

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

11


bending angle

a rayparameter



given by



Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

12


Radio Link

MEX orbit


Earth direction


PMEXVMEX

PGSVGS

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

13




Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

14


bending angle

a rayparameter


B ( ) = ( )





r

r

k1

k2

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

15





Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

16





Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

17


ln r01

1

a

aa1

ada

a2 a21

12

n 1

106


Refractivity

Radius r r01 a1

n

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M








Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M








Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

20


diu

s [k

m]


Abeltransform



Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

21


x


Spacecraft

Earth direction

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

22



Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

23







Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

24


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

25





Ionosphere

Ionopause

Transition Region

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

26



h C1n h

k


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

27




hdhghnhnk

mT

hhT

uph

h

upup

hThnkhp

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

28




hdhghnhnk

mT

hhT

uph

h

upup

hThnkhp


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

29


140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220

3380

3390

3400

3410

3420

Rad

ius

[km

]

Temperature [K]

T_up = 160 KT_up = 150 KT_up = 170 K

Tup = 150 KTup = 160 KTup = 170 K

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

30






Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

31


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

32


h C3

Ne

f20


Ne electron density

C3 = 4031

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

33


0 2 4 6 8 10 12


50

150

250

350

450

550

650

alt

itu

de

wit

h r

es

pe

ct

to M

OL

A s

urf

ac

e (

km

)


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

34



350degN

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

35




350degN

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

36




350degN

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

37




350degN

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

38


120 140 160 180 200 220

Temperature [K]

103

102

101

Pre

ssu

re [

Pa]


DOY 120 2007 (4538degN2782degE)

120 140 160 180 200 220

Temperature [K]

102

101

Pre

ssu

re [

Pa]

DOY 145 2007 (4264deg N 142degE)



Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

39

120 140 160 180 200 220

Temperature [K]

102

101

Pre

ss

ure

[P

a]

DOY 138 2007 (6002deg N 2167degE)




Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

40

120 140 160 180 200 220

Temperature [K]

103

102

101

Pre

ss

ure

[P

a]

DOY 134 2007 (6333deg N 2000degE)




Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

41


MaRS GCM (LMD)

Tem

per

atu

re [

K]

alti

tud

e [

km]

alti

tud

e [

km]


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

42

Autumn profiles


2005 2007

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

43




Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

9



Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

10


bending angle

a rayparameter

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

11


bending angle

a rayparameter



given by



Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

12


Radio Link

MEX orbit


Earth direction


PMEXVMEX

PGSVGS

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

13




Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

14


bending angle

a rayparameter


B ( ) = ( )





r

r

k1

k2

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

15





Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

16





Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

17


ln r01

1

a

aa1

ada

a2 a21

12

n 1

106


Refractivity

Radius r r01 a1

n

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M








Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M








Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

20


diu

s [k

m]


Abeltransform



Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

21


x


Spacecraft

Earth direction

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

22



Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

23







Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

24


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

25





Ionosphere

Ionopause

Transition Region

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

26



h C1n h

k


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

27




hdhghnhnk

mT

hhT

uph

h

upup

hThnkhp

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

28




hdhghnhnk

mT

hhT

uph

h

upup

hThnkhp


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

29


140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220

3380

3390

3400

3410

3420

Rad

ius

[km

]

Temperature [K]

T_up = 160 KT_up = 150 KT_up = 170 K

Tup = 150 KTup = 160 KTup = 170 K

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

30






Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

31


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

32


h C3

Ne

f20


Ne electron density

C3 = 4031

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

33


0 2 4 6 8 10 12


50

150

250

350

450

550

650

alt

itu

de

wit

h r

es

pe

ct

to M

OL

A s

urf

ac

e (

km

)


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

34



350degN

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

35




350degN

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

36




350degN

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

37




350degN

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

38


120 140 160 180 200 220

Temperature [K]

103

102

101

Pre

ssu

re [

Pa]


DOY 120 2007 (4538degN2782degE)

120 140 160 180 200 220

Temperature [K]

102

101

Pre

ssu

re [

Pa]

DOY 145 2007 (4264deg N 142degE)



Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

39

120 140 160 180 200 220

Temperature [K]

102

101

Pre

ss

ure

[P

a]

DOY 138 2007 (6002deg N 2167degE)




Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

40

120 140 160 180 200 220

Temperature [K]

103

102

101

Pre

ss

ure

[P

a]

DOY 134 2007 (6333deg N 2000degE)




Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

41


MaRS GCM (LMD)

Tem

per

atu

re [

K]

alti

tud

e [

km]

alti

tud

e [

km]


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

42

Autumn profiles


2005 2007

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

43




Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

10


bending angle

a rayparameter

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

11


bending angle

a rayparameter



given by



Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

12


Radio Link

MEX orbit


Earth direction


PMEXVMEX

PGSVGS

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

13




Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

14


bending angle

a rayparameter


B ( ) = ( )





r

r

k1

k2

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

15





Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

16





Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

17


ln r01

1

a

aa1

ada

a2 a21

12

n 1

106


Refractivity

Radius r r01 a1

n

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M








Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M








Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

20


diu

s [k

m]


Abeltransform



Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

21


x


Spacecraft

Earth direction

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

22



Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

23







Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

24


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

25





Ionosphere

Ionopause

Transition Region

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

26



h C1n h

k


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

27




hdhghnhnk

mT

hhT

uph

h

upup

hThnkhp

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

28




hdhghnhnk

mT

hhT

uph

h

upup

hThnkhp


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

29


140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220

3380

3390

3400

3410

3420

Rad

ius

[km

]

Temperature [K]

T_up = 160 KT_up = 150 KT_up = 170 K

Tup = 150 KTup = 160 KTup = 170 K

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

30






Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

31


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

32


h C3

Ne

f20


Ne electron density

C3 = 4031

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

33


0 2 4 6 8 10 12


50

150

250

350

450

550

650

alt

itu

de

wit

h r

es

pe

ct

to M

OL

A s

urf

ac

e (

km

)


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

34



350degN

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

35




350degN

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

36




350degN

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

37




350degN

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

38


120 140 160 180 200 220

Temperature [K]

103

102

101

Pre

ssu

re [

Pa]


DOY 120 2007 (4538degN2782degE)

120 140 160 180 200 220

Temperature [K]

102

101

Pre

ssu

re [

Pa]

DOY 145 2007 (4264deg N 142degE)



Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

39

120 140 160 180 200 220

Temperature [K]

102

101

Pre

ss

ure

[P

a]

DOY 138 2007 (6002deg N 2167degE)




Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

40

120 140 160 180 200 220

Temperature [K]

103

102

101

Pre

ss

ure

[P

a]

DOY 134 2007 (6333deg N 2000degE)




Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

41


MaRS GCM (LMD)

Tem

per

atu

re [

K]

alti

tud

e [

km]

alti

tud

e [

km]


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

42

Autumn profiles


2005 2007

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

43




Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

11


bending angle

a rayparameter



given by



Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

12


Radio Link

MEX orbit


Earth direction


PMEXVMEX

PGSVGS

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

13




Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

14


bending angle

a rayparameter


B ( ) = ( )





r

r

k1

k2

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

15





Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

16





Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

17


ln r01

1

a

aa1

ada

a2 a21

12

n 1

106


Refractivity

Radius r r01 a1

n

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M








Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M








Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

20


diu

s [k

m]


Abeltransform



Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

21


x


Spacecraft

Earth direction

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

22



Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

23







Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

24


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

25





Ionosphere

Ionopause

Transition Region

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

26



h C1n h

k


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

27




hdhghnhnk

mT

hhT

uph

h

upup

hThnkhp

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

28




hdhghnhnk

mT

hhT

uph

h

upup

hThnkhp


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

29


140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220

3380

3390

3400

3410

3420

Rad

ius

[km

]

Temperature [K]

T_up = 160 KT_up = 150 KT_up = 170 K

Tup = 150 KTup = 160 KTup = 170 K

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

30






Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

31


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

32


h C3

Ne

f20


Ne electron density

C3 = 4031

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

33


0 2 4 6 8 10 12


50

150

250

350

450

550

650

alt

itu

de

wit

h r

es

pe

ct

to M

OL

A s

urf

ac

e (

km

)


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

34



350degN

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

35




350degN

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

36




350degN

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

37




350degN

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

38


120 140 160 180 200 220

Temperature [K]

103

102

101

Pre

ssu

re [

Pa]


DOY 120 2007 (4538degN2782degE)

120 140 160 180 200 220

Temperature [K]

102

101

Pre

ssu

re [

Pa]

DOY 145 2007 (4264deg N 142degE)



Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

39

120 140 160 180 200 220

Temperature [K]

102

101

Pre

ss

ure

[P

a]

DOY 138 2007 (6002deg N 2167degE)




Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

40

120 140 160 180 200 220

Temperature [K]

103

102

101

Pre

ss

ure

[P

a]

DOY 134 2007 (6333deg N 2000degE)




Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

41


MaRS GCM (LMD)

Tem

per

atu

re [

K]

alti

tud

e [

km]

alti

tud

e [

km]


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

42

Autumn profiles


2005 2007

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

43




Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

12


Radio Link

MEX orbit


Earth direction


PMEXVMEX

PGSVGS

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

13




Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

14


bending angle

a rayparameter


B ( ) = ( )





r

r

k1

k2

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

15





Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

16





Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

17


ln r01

1

a

aa1

ada

a2 a21

12

n 1

106


Refractivity

Radius r r01 a1

n

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M








Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M








Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

20


diu

s [k

m]


Abeltransform



Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

21


x


Spacecraft

Earth direction

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

22



Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

23







Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

24


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

25





Ionosphere

Ionopause

Transition Region

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

26



h C1n h

k


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

27




hdhghnhnk

mT

hhT

uph

h

upup

hThnkhp

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

28




hdhghnhnk

mT

hhT

uph

h

upup

hThnkhp


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

29


140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220

3380

3390

3400

3410

3420

Rad

ius

[km

]

Temperature [K]

T_up = 160 KT_up = 150 KT_up = 170 K

Tup = 150 KTup = 160 KTup = 170 K

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

30






Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

31


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

32


h C3

Ne

f20


Ne electron density

C3 = 4031

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

33


0 2 4 6 8 10 12


50

150

250

350

450

550

650

alt

itu

de

wit

h r

es

pe

ct

to M

OL

A s

urf

ac

e (

km

)


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

34



350degN

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

35




350degN

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

36




350degN

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

37




350degN

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

38


120 140 160 180 200 220

Temperature [K]

103

102

101

Pre

ssu

re [

Pa]


DOY 120 2007 (4538degN2782degE)

120 140 160 180 200 220

Temperature [K]

102

101

Pre

ssu

re [

Pa]

DOY 145 2007 (4264deg N 142degE)



Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

39

120 140 160 180 200 220

Temperature [K]

102

101

Pre

ss

ure

[P

a]

DOY 138 2007 (6002deg N 2167degE)




Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

40

120 140 160 180 200 220

Temperature [K]

103

102

101

Pre

ss

ure

[P

a]

DOY 134 2007 (6333deg N 2000degE)




Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

41


MaRS GCM (LMD)

Tem

per

atu

re [

K]

alti

tud

e [

km]

alti

tud

e [

km]


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

42

Autumn profiles


2005 2007

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

43




Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

13




Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

14


bending angle

a rayparameter


B ( ) = ( )





r

r

k1

k2

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

15





Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

16





Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

17


ln r01

1

a

aa1

ada

a2 a21

12

n 1

106


Refractivity

Radius r r01 a1

n

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M








Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M








Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

20


diu

s [k

m]


Abeltransform



Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

21


x


Spacecraft

Earth direction

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

22



Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

23







Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

24


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

25





Ionosphere

Ionopause

Transition Region

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

26



h C1n h

k


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

27




hdhghnhnk

mT

hhT

uph

h

upup

hThnkhp

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

28




hdhghnhnk

mT

hhT

uph

h

upup

hThnkhp


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

29


140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220

3380

3390

3400

3410

3420

Rad

ius

[km

]

Temperature [K]

T_up = 160 KT_up = 150 KT_up = 170 K

Tup = 150 KTup = 160 KTup = 170 K

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

30






Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

31


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

32


h C3

Ne

f20


Ne electron density

C3 = 4031

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

33


0 2 4 6 8 10 12


50

150

250

350

450

550

650

alt

itu

de

wit

h r

es

pe

ct

to M

OL

A s

urf

ac

e (

km

)


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

34



350degN

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

35




350degN

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

36




350degN

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

37




350degN

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

38


120 140 160 180 200 220

Temperature [K]

103

102

101

Pre

ssu

re [

Pa]


DOY 120 2007 (4538degN2782degE)

120 140 160 180 200 220

Temperature [K]

102

101

Pre

ssu

re [

Pa]

DOY 145 2007 (4264deg N 142degE)



Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

39

120 140 160 180 200 220

Temperature [K]

102

101

Pre

ss

ure

[P

a]

DOY 138 2007 (6002deg N 2167degE)




Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

40

120 140 160 180 200 220

Temperature [K]

103

102

101

Pre

ss

ure

[P

a]

DOY 134 2007 (6333deg N 2000degE)




Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

41


MaRS GCM (LMD)

Tem

per

atu

re [

K]

alti

tud

e [

km]

alti

tud

e [

km]


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

42

Autumn profiles


2005 2007

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

43




Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

14


bending angle

a rayparameter


B ( ) = ( )





r

r

k1

k2

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

15





Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

16





Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

17


ln r01

1

a

aa1

ada

a2 a21

12

n 1

106


Refractivity

Radius r r01 a1

n

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M








Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M








Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

20


diu

s [k

m]


Abeltransform



Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

21


x


Spacecraft

Earth direction

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

22



Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

23







Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

24


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

25





Ionosphere

Ionopause

Transition Region

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

26



h C1n h

k


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

27




hdhghnhnk

mT

hhT

uph

h

upup

hThnkhp

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

28




hdhghnhnk

mT

hhT

uph

h

upup

hThnkhp


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

29


140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220

3380

3390

3400

3410

3420

Rad

ius

[km

]

Temperature [K]

T_up = 160 KT_up = 150 KT_up = 170 K

Tup = 150 KTup = 160 KTup = 170 K

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

30






Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

31


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

32


h C3

Ne

f20


Ne electron density

C3 = 4031

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

33


0 2 4 6 8 10 12


50

150

250

350

450

550

650

alt

itu

de

wit

h r

es

pe

ct

to M

OL

A s

urf

ac

e (

km

)


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

34



350degN

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

35




350degN

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

36




350degN

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

37




350degN

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

38


120 140 160 180 200 220

Temperature [K]

103

102

101

Pre

ssu

re [

Pa]


DOY 120 2007 (4538degN2782degE)

120 140 160 180 200 220

Temperature [K]

102

101

Pre

ssu

re [

Pa]

DOY 145 2007 (4264deg N 142degE)



Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

39

120 140 160 180 200 220

Temperature [K]

102

101

Pre

ss

ure

[P

a]

DOY 138 2007 (6002deg N 2167degE)




Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

40

120 140 160 180 200 220

Temperature [K]

103

102

101

Pre

ss

ure

[P

a]

DOY 134 2007 (6333deg N 2000degE)




Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

41


MaRS GCM (LMD)

Tem

per

atu

re [

K]

alti

tud

e [

km]

alti

tud

e [

km]


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

42

Autumn profiles


2005 2007

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

43




Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

15





Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

16





Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

17


ln r01

1

a

aa1

ada

a2 a21

12

n 1

106


Refractivity

Radius r r01 a1

n

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M








Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M








Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

20


diu

s [k

m]


Abeltransform



Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

21


x


Spacecraft

Earth direction

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

22



Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

23







Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

24


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

25





Ionosphere

Ionopause

Transition Region

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

26



h C1n h

k


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

27




hdhghnhnk

mT

hhT

uph

h

upup

hThnkhp

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

28




hdhghnhnk

mT

hhT

uph

h

upup

hThnkhp


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

29


140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220

3380

3390

3400

3410

3420

Rad

ius

[km

]

Temperature [K]

T_up = 160 KT_up = 150 KT_up = 170 K

Tup = 150 KTup = 160 KTup = 170 K

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

30






Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

31


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

32


h C3

Ne

f20


Ne electron density

C3 = 4031

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

33


0 2 4 6 8 10 12


50

150

250

350

450

550

650

alt

itu

de

wit

h r

es

pe

ct

to M

OL

A s

urf

ac

e (

km

)


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

34



350degN

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

35




350degN

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

36




350degN

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

37




350degN

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

38


120 140 160 180 200 220

Temperature [K]

103

102

101

Pre

ssu

re [

Pa]


DOY 120 2007 (4538degN2782degE)

120 140 160 180 200 220

Temperature [K]

102

101

Pre

ssu

re [

Pa]

DOY 145 2007 (4264deg N 142degE)



Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

39

120 140 160 180 200 220

Temperature [K]

102

101

Pre

ss

ure

[P

a]

DOY 138 2007 (6002deg N 2167degE)




Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

40

120 140 160 180 200 220

Temperature [K]

103

102

101

Pre

ss

ure

[P

a]

DOY 134 2007 (6333deg N 2000degE)




Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

41


MaRS GCM (LMD)

Tem

per

atu

re [

K]

alti

tud

e [

km]

alti

tud

e [

km]


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

42

Autumn profiles


2005 2007

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

43




Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

16





Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

17


ln r01

1

a

aa1

ada

a2 a21

12

n 1

106


Refractivity

Radius r r01 a1

n

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M








Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M








Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

20


diu

s [k

m]


Abeltransform



Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

21


x


Spacecraft

Earth direction

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

22



Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

23







Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

24


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

25





Ionosphere

Ionopause

Transition Region

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

26



h C1n h

k


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

27




hdhghnhnk

mT

hhT

uph

h

upup

hThnkhp

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

28




hdhghnhnk

mT

hhT

uph

h

upup

hThnkhp


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

29


140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220

3380

3390

3400

3410

3420

Rad

ius

[km

]

Temperature [K]

T_up = 160 KT_up = 150 KT_up = 170 K

Tup = 150 KTup = 160 KTup = 170 K

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

30






Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

31


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

32


h C3

Ne

f20


Ne electron density

C3 = 4031

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

33


0 2 4 6 8 10 12


50

150

250

350

450

550

650

alt

itu

de

wit

h r

es

pe

ct

to M

OL

A s

urf

ac

e (

km

)


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

34



350degN

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

35




350degN

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

36




350degN

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

37




350degN

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

38


120 140 160 180 200 220

Temperature [K]

103

102

101

Pre

ssu

re [

Pa]


DOY 120 2007 (4538degN2782degE)

120 140 160 180 200 220

Temperature [K]

102

101

Pre

ssu

re [

Pa]

DOY 145 2007 (4264deg N 142degE)



Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

39

120 140 160 180 200 220

Temperature [K]

102

101

Pre

ss

ure

[P

a]

DOY 138 2007 (6002deg N 2167degE)




Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

40

120 140 160 180 200 220

Temperature [K]

103

102

101

Pre

ss

ure

[P

a]

DOY 134 2007 (6333deg N 2000degE)




Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

41


MaRS GCM (LMD)

Tem

per

atu

re [

K]

alti

tud

e [

km]

alti

tud

e [

km]


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

42

Autumn profiles


2005 2007

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

43




Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

17


ln r01

1

a

aa1

ada

a2 a21

12

n 1

106


Refractivity

Radius r r01 a1

n

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M








Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M








Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

20


diu

s [k

m]


Abeltransform



Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

21


x


Spacecraft

Earth direction

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

22



Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

23







Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

24


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

25





Ionosphere

Ionopause

Transition Region

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

26



h C1n h

k


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

27




hdhghnhnk

mT

hhT

uph

h

upup

hThnkhp

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

28




hdhghnhnk

mT

hhT

uph

h

upup

hThnkhp


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

29


140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220

3380

3390

3400

3410

3420

Rad

ius

[km

]

Temperature [K]

T_up = 160 KT_up = 150 KT_up = 170 K

Tup = 150 KTup = 160 KTup = 170 K

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

30






Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

31


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

32


h C3

Ne

f20


Ne electron density

C3 = 4031

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

33


0 2 4 6 8 10 12


50

150

250

350

450

550

650

alt

itu

de

wit

h r

es

pe

ct

to M

OL

A s

urf

ac

e (

km

)


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

34



350degN

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

35




350degN

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

36




350degN

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

37




350degN

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

38


120 140 160 180 200 220

Temperature [K]

103

102

101

Pre

ssu

re [

Pa]


DOY 120 2007 (4538degN2782degE)

120 140 160 180 200 220

Temperature [K]

102

101

Pre

ssu

re [

Pa]

DOY 145 2007 (4264deg N 142degE)



Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

39

120 140 160 180 200 220

Temperature [K]

102

101

Pre

ss

ure

[P

a]

DOY 138 2007 (6002deg N 2167degE)




Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

40

120 140 160 180 200 220

Temperature [K]

103

102

101

Pre

ss

ure

[P

a]

DOY 134 2007 (6333deg N 2000degE)




Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

41


MaRS GCM (LMD)

Tem

per

atu

re [

K]

alti

tud

e [

km]

alti

tud

e [

km]


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

42

Autumn profiles


2005 2007

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

43




Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M








Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M








Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

20


diu

s [k

m]


Abeltransform



Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

21


x


Spacecraft

Earth direction

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

22



Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

23







Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

24


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

25





Ionosphere

Ionopause

Transition Region

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

26



h C1n h

k


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

27




hdhghnhnk

mT

hhT

uph

h

upup

hThnkhp

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

28




hdhghnhnk

mT

hhT

uph

h

upup

hThnkhp


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

29


140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220

3380

3390

3400

3410

3420

Rad

ius

[km

]

Temperature [K]

T_up = 160 KT_up = 150 KT_up = 170 K

Tup = 150 KTup = 160 KTup = 170 K

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

30






Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

31


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

32


h C3

Ne

f20


Ne electron density

C3 = 4031

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

33


0 2 4 6 8 10 12


50

150

250

350

450

550

650

alt

itu

de

wit

h r

es

pe

ct

to M

OL

A s

urf

ac

e (

km

)


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

34



350degN

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

35




350degN

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

36




350degN

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

37




350degN

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

38


120 140 160 180 200 220

Temperature [K]

103

102

101

Pre

ssu

re [

Pa]


DOY 120 2007 (4538degN2782degE)

120 140 160 180 200 220

Temperature [K]

102

101

Pre

ssu

re [

Pa]

DOY 145 2007 (4264deg N 142degE)



Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

39

120 140 160 180 200 220

Temperature [K]

102

101

Pre

ss

ure

[P

a]

DOY 138 2007 (6002deg N 2167degE)




Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

40

120 140 160 180 200 220

Temperature [K]

103

102

101

Pre

ss

ure

[P

a]

DOY 134 2007 (6333deg N 2000degE)




Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

41


MaRS GCM (LMD)

Tem

per

atu

re [

K]

alti

tud

e [

km]

alti

tud

e [

km]


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

42

Autumn profiles


2005 2007

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

43




Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M








Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

20


diu

s [k

m]


Abeltransform



Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

21


x


Spacecraft

Earth direction

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

22



Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

23







Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

24


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

25





Ionosphere

Ionopause

Transition Region

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

26



h C1n h

k


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

27




hdhghnhnk

mT

hhT

uph

h

upup

hThnkhp

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

28




hdhghnhnk

mT

hhT

uph

h

upup

hThnkhp


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

29


140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220

3380

3390

3400

3410

3420

Rad

ius

[km

]

Temperature [K]

T_up = 160 KT_up = 150 KT_up = 170 K

Tup = 150 KTup = 160 KTup = 170 K

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

30






Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

31


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

32


h C3

Ne

f20


Ne electron density

C3 = 4031

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

33


0 2 4 6 8 10 12


50

150

250

350

450

550

650

alt

itu

de

wit

h r

es

pe

ct

to M

OL

A s

urf

ac

e (

km

)


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

34



350degN

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

35




350degN

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

36




350degN

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

37




350degN

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

38


120 140 160 180 200 220

Temperature [K]

103

102

101

Pre

ssu

re [

Pa]


DOY 120 2007 (4538degN2782degE)

120 140 160 180 200 220

Temperature [K]

102

101

Pre

ssu

re [

Pa]

DOY 145 2007 (4264deg N 142degE)



Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

39

120 140 160 180 200 220

Temperature [K]

102

101

Pre

ss

ure

[P

a]

DOY 138 2007 (6002deg N 2167degE)




Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

40

120 140 160 180 200 220

Temperature [K]

103

102

101

Pre

ss

ure

[P

a]

DOY 134 2007 (6333deg N 2000degE)




Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

41


MaRS GCM (LMD)

Tem

per

atu

re [

K]

alti

tud

e [

km]

alti

tud

e [

km]


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

42

Autumn profiles


2005 2007

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

43




Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

20


diu

s [k

m]


Abeltransform



Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

21


x


Spacecraft

Earth direction

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

22



Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

23







Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

24


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

25





Ionosphere

Ionopause

Transition Region

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

26



h C1n h

k


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

27




hdhghnhnk

mT

hhT

uph

h

upup

hThnkhp

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

28




hdhghnhnk

mT

hhT

uph

h

upup

hThnkhp


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

29


140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220

3380

3390

3400

3410

3420

Rad

ius

[km

]

Temperature [K]

T_up = 160 KT_up = 150 KT_up = 170 K

Tup = 150 KTup = 160 KTup = 170 K

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

30






Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

31


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

32


h C3

Ne

f20


Ne electron density

C3 = 4031

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

33


0 2 4 6 8 10 12


50

150

250

350

450

550

650

alt

itu

de

wit

h r

es

pe

ct

to M

OL

A s

urf

ac

e (

km

)


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

34



350degN

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

35




350degN

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

36




350degN

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

37




350degN

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

38


120 140 160 180 200 220

Temperature [K]

103

102

101

Pre

ssu

re [

Pa]


DOY 120 2007 (4538degN2782degE)

120 140 160 180 200 220

Temperature [K]

102

101

Pre

ssu

re [

Pa]

DOY 145 2007 (4264deg N 142degE)



Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

39

120 140 160 180 200 220

Temperature [K]

102

101

Pre

ss

ure

[P

a]

DOY 138 2007 (6002deg N 2167degE)




Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

40

120 140 160 180 200 220

Temperature [K]

103

102

101

Pre

ss

ure

[P

a]

DOY 134 2007 (6333deg N 2000degE)




Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

41


MaRS GCM (LMD)

Tem

per

atu

re [

K]

alti

tud

e [

km]

alti

tud

e [

km]


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

42

Autumn profiles


2005 2007

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

43




Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

21


x


Spacecraft

Earth direction

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

22



Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

23







Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

24


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

25





Ionosphere

Ionopause

Transition Region

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

26



h C1n h

k


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

27




hdhghnhnk

mT

hhT

uph

h

upup

hThnkhp

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

28




hdhghnhnk

mT

hhT

uph

h

upup

hThnkhp


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

29


140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220

3380

3390

3400

3410

3420

Rad

ius

[km

]

Temperature [K]

T_up = 160 KT_up = 150 KT_up = 170 K

Tup = 150 KTup = 160 KTup = 170 K

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

30






Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

31


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

32


h C3

Ne

f20


Ne electron density

C3 = 4031

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

33


0 2 4 6 8 10 12


50

150

250

350

450

550

650

alt

itu

de

wit

h r

es

pe

ct

to M

OL

A s

urf

ac

e (

km

)


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

34



350degN

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

35




350degN

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

36




350degN

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

37




350degN

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

38


120 140 160 180 200 220

Temperature [K]

103

102

101

Pre

ssu

re [

Pa]


DOY 120 2007 (4538degN2782degE)

120 140 160 180 200 220

Temperature [K]

102

101

Pre

ssu

re [

Pa]

DOY 145 2007 (4264deg N 142degE)



Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

39

120 140 160 180 200 220

Temperature [K]

102

101

Pre

ss

ure

[P

a]

DOY 138 2007 (6002deg N 2167degE)




Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

40

120 140 160 180 200 220

Temperature [K]

103

102

101

Pre

ss

ure

[P

a]

DOY 134 2007 (6333deg N 2000degE)




Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

41


MaRS GCM (LMD)

Tem

per

atu

re [

K]

alti

tud

e [

km]

alti

tud

e [

km]


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

42

Autumn profiles


2005 2007

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

43




Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

22



Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

23







Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

24


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

25





Ionosphere

Ionopause

Transition Region

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

26



h C1n h

k


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

27




hdhghnhnk

mT

hhT

uph

h

upup

hThnkhp

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

28




hdhghnhnk

mT

hhT

uph

h

upup

hThnkhp


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

29


140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220

3380

3390

3400

3410

3420

Rad

ius

[km

]

Temperature [K]

T_up = 160 KT_up = 150 KT_up = 170 K

Tup = 150 KTup = 160 KTup = 170 K

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

30






Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

31


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

32


h C3

Ne

f20


Ne electron density

C3 = 4031

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

33


0 2 4 6 8 10 12


50

150

250

350

450

550

650

alt

itu

de

wit

h r

es

pe

ct

to M

OL

A s

urf

ac

e (

km

)


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

34



350degN

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

35




350degN

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

36




350degN

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

37




350degN

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

38


120 140 160 180 200 220

Temperature [K]

103

102

101

Pre

ssu

re [

Pa]


DOY 120 2007 (4538degN2782degE)

120 140 160 180 200 220

Temperature [K]

102

101

Pre

ssu

re [

Pa]

DOY 145 2007 (4264deg N 142degE)



Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

39

120 140 160 180 200 220

Temperature [K]

102

101

Pre

ss

ure

[P

a]

DOY 138 2007 (6002deg N 2167degE)




Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

40

120 140 160 180 200 220

Temperature [K]

103

102

101

Pre

ss

ure

[P

a]

DOY 134 2007 (6333deg N 2000degE)




Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

41


MaRS GCM (LMD)

Tem

per

atu

re [

K]

alti

tud

e [

km]

alti

tud

e [

km]


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

42

Autumn profiles


2005 2007

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

43




Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

23







Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

24


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

25





Ionosphere

Ionopause

Transition Region

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

26



h C1n h

k


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

27




hdhghnhnk

mT

hhT

uph

h

upup

hThnkhp

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

28




hdhghnhnk

mT

hhT

uph

h

upup

hThnkhp


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

29


140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220

3380

3390

3400

3410

3420

Rad

ius

[km

]

Temperature [K]

T_up = 160 KT_up = 150 KT_up = 170 K

Tup = 150 KTup = 160 KTup = 170 K

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

30






Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

31


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

32


h C3

Ne

f20


Ne electron density

C3 = 4031

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

33


0 2 4 6 8 10 12


50

150

250

350

450

550

650

alt

itu

de

wit

h r

es

pe

ct

to M

OL

A s

urf

ac

e (

km

)


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

34



350degN

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

35




350degN

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

36




350degN

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

37




350degN

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

38


120 140 160 180 200 220

Temperature [K]

103

102

101

Pre

ssu

re [

Pa]


DOY 120 2007 (4538degN2782degE)

120 140 160 180 200 220

Temperature [K]

102

101

Pre

ssu

re [

Pa]

DOY 145 2007 (4264deg N 142degE)



Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

39

120 140 160 180 200 220

Temperature [K]

102

101

Pre

ss

ure

[P

a]

DOY 138 2007 (6002deg N 2167degE)




Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

40

120 140 160 180 200 220

Temperature [K]

103

102

101

Pre

ss

ure

[P

a]

DOY 134 2007 (6333deg N 2000degE)




Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

41


MaRS GCM (LMD)

Tem

per

atu

re [

K]

alti

tud

e [

km]

alti

tud

e [

km]


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

42

Autumn profiles


2005 2007

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

43




Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

24


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

25





Ionosphere

Ionopause

Transition Region

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

26



h C1n h

k


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

27




hdhghnhnk

mT

hhT

uph

h

upup

hThnkhp

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

28




hdhghnhnk

mT

hhT

uph

h

upup

hThnkhp


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

29


140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220

3380

3390

3400

3410

3420

Rad

ius

[km

]

Temperature [K]

T_up = 160 KT_up = 150 KT_up = 170 K

Tup = 150 KTup = 160 KTup = 170 K

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

30






Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

31


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

32


h C3

Ne

f20


Ne electron density

C3 = 4031

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

33


0 2 4 6 8 10 12


50

150

250

350

450

550

650

alt

itu

de

wit

h r

es

pe

ct

to M

OL

A s

urf

ac

e (

km

)


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

34



350degN

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

35




350degN

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

36




350degN

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

37




350degN

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

38


120 140 160 180 200 220

Temperature [K]

103

102

101

Pre

ssu

re [

Pa]


DOY 120 2007 (4538degN2782degE)

120 140 160 180 200 220

Temperature [K]

102

101

Pre

ssu

re [

Pa]

DOY 145 2007 (4264deg N 142degE)



Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

39

120 140 160 180 200 220

Temperature [K]

102

101

Pre

ss

ure

[P

a]

DOY 138 2007 (6002deg N 2167degE)




Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

40

120 140 160 180 200 220

Temperature [K]

103

102

101

Pre

ss

ure

[P

a]

DOY 134 2007 (6333deg N 2000degE)




Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

41


MaRS GCM (LMD)

Tem

per

atu

re [

K]

alti

tud

e [

km]

alti

tud

e [

km]


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

42

Autumn profiles


2005 2007

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

43




Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

25





Ionosphere

Ionopause

Transition Region

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

26



h C1n h

k


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

27




hdhghnhnk

mT

hhT

uph

h

upup

hThnkhp

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

28




hdhghnhnk

mT

hhT

uph

h

upup

hThnkhp


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

29


140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220

3380

3390

3400

3410

3420

Rad

ius

[km

]

Temperature [K]

T_up = 160 KT_up = 150 KT_up = 170 K

Tup = 150 KTup = 160 KTup = 170 K

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

30






Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

31


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

32


h C3

Ne

f20


Ne electron density

C3 = 4031

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

33


0 2 4 6 8 10 12


50

150

250

350

450

550

650

alt

itu

de

wit

h r

es

pe

ct

to M

OL

A s

urf

ac

e (

km

)


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

34



350degN

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

35




350degN

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

36




350degN

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

37




350degN

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

38


120 140 160 180 200 220

Temperature [K]

103

102

101

Pre

ssu

re [

Pa]


DOY 120 2007 (4538degN2782degE)

120 140 160 180 200 220

Temperature [K]

102

101

Pre

ssu

re [

Pa]

DOY 145 2007 (4264deg N 142degE)



Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

39

120 140 160 180 200 220

Temperature [K]

102

101

Pre

ss

ure

[P

a]

DOY 138 2007 (6002deg N 2167degE)




Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

40

120 140 160 180 200 220

Temperature [K]

103

102

101

Pre

ss

ure

[P

a]

DOY 134 2007 (6333deg N 2000degE)




Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

41


MaRS GCM (LMD)

Tem

per

atu

re [

K]

alti

tud

e [

km]

alti

tud

e [

km]


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

42

Autumn profiles


2005 2007

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

43




Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

26



h C1n h

k


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

27




hdhghnhnk

mT

hhT

uph

h

upup

hThnkhp

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

28




hdhghnhnk

mT

hhT

uph

h

upup

hThnkhp


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

29


140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220

3380

3390

3400

3410

3420

Rad

ius

[km

]

Temperature [K]

T_up = 160 KT_up = 150 KT_up = 170 K

Tup = 150 KTup = 160 KTup = 170 K

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

30






Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

31


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

32


h C3

Ne

f20


Ne electron density

C3 = 4031

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

33


0 2 4 6 8 10 12


50

150

250

350

450

550

650

alt

itu

de

wit

h r

es

pe

ct

to M

OL

A s

urf

ac

e (

km

)


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

34



350degN

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

35




350degN

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

36




350degN

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

37




350degN

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

38


120 140 160 180 200 220

Temperature [K]

103

102

101

Pre

ssu

re [

Pa]


DOY 120 2007 (4538degN2782degE)

120 140 160 180 200 220

Temperature [K]

102

101

Pre

ssu

re [

Pa]

DOY 145 2007 (4264deg N 142degE)



Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

39

120 140 160 180 200 220

Temperature [K]

102

101

Pre

ss

ure

[P

a]

DOY 138 2007 (6002deg N 2167degE)




Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

40

120 140 160 180 200 220

Temperature [K]

103

102

101

Pre

ss

ure

[P

a]

DOY 134 2007 (6333deg N 2000degE)




Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

41


MaRS GCM (LMD)

Tem

per

atu

re [

K]

alti

tud

e [

km]

alti

tud

e [

km]


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

42

Autumn profiles


2005 2007

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

43




Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

27




hdhghnhnk

mT

hhT

uph

h

upup

hThnkhp

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

28




hdhghnhnk

mT

hhT

uph

h

upup

hThnkhp


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

29


140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220

3380

3390

3400

3410

3420

Rad

ius

[km

]

Temperature [K]

T_up = 160 KT_up = 150 KT_up = 170 K

Tup = 150 KTup = 160 KTup = 170 K

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

30






Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

31


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

32


h C3

Ne

f20


Ne electron density

C3 = 4031

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

33


0 2 4 6 8 10 12


50

150

250

350

450

550

650

alt

itu

de

wit

h r

es

pe

ct

to M

OL

A s

urf

ac

e (

km

)


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

34



350degN

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

35




350degN

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

36




350degN

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

37




350degN

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

38


120 140 160 180 200 220

Temperature [K]

103

102

101

Pre

ssu

re [

Pa]


DOY 120 2007 (4538degN2782degE)

120 140 160 180 200 220

Temperature [K]

102

101

Pre

ssu

re [

Pa]

DOY 145 2007 (4264deg N 142degE)



Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

39

120 140 160 180 200 220

Temperature [K]

102

101

Pre

ss

ure

[P

a]

DOY 138 2007 (6002deg N 2167degE)




Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

40

120 140 160 180 200 220

Temperature [K]

103

102

101

Pre

ss

ure

[P

a]

DOY 134 2007 (6333deg N 2000degE)




Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

41


MaRS GCM (LMD)

Tem

per

atu

re [

K]

alti

tud

e [

km]

alti

tud

e [

km]


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

42

Autumn profiles


2005 2007

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

43




Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

28




hdhghnhnk

mT

hhT

uph

h

upup

hThnkhp


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

29


140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220

3380

3390

3400

3410

3420

Rad

ius

[km

]

Temperature [K]

T_up = 160 KT_up = 150 KT_up = 170 K

Tup = 150 KTup = 160 KTup = 170 K

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

30






Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

31


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

32


h C3

Ne

f20


Ne electron density

C3 = 4031

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

33


0 2 4 6 8 10 12


50

150

250

350

450

550

650

alt

itu

de

wit

h r

es

pe

ct

to M

OL

A s

urf

ac

e (

km

)


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

34



350degN

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

35




350degN

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

36




350degN

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

37




350degN

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

38


120 140 160 180 200 220

Temperature [K]

103

102

101

Pre

ssu

re [

Pa]


DOY 120 2007 (4538degN2782degE)

120 140 160 180 200 220

Temperature [K]

102

101

Pre

ssu

re [

Pa]

DOY 145 2007 (4264deg N 142degE)



Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

39

120 140 160 180 200 220

Temperature [K]

102

101

Pre

ss

ure

[P

a]

DOY 138 2007 (6002deg N 2167degE)




Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

40

120 140 160 180 200 220

Temperature [K]

103

102

101

Pre

ss

ure

[P

a]

DOY 134 2007 (6333deg N 2000degE)




Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

41


MaRS GCM (LMD)

Tem

per

atu

re [

K]

alti

tud

e [

km]

alti

tud

e [

km]


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

42

Autumn profiles


2005 2007

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

43




Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

29


140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220

3380

3390

3400

3410

3420

Rad

ius

[km

]

Temperature [K]

T_up = 160 KT_up = 150 KT_up = 170 K

Tup = 150 KTup = 160 KTup = 170 K

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

30






Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

31


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

32


h C3

Ne

f20


Ne electron density

C3 = 4031

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

33


0 2 4 6 8 10 12


50

150

250

350

450

550

650

alt

itu

de

wit

h r

es

pe

ct

to M

OL

A s

urf

ac

e (

km

)


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

34



350degN

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

35




350degN

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

36




350degN

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

37




350degN

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

38


120 140 160 180 200 220

Temperature [K]

103

102

101

Pre

ssu

re [

Pa]


DOY 120 2007 (4538degN2782degE)

120 140 160 180 200 220

Temperature [K]

102

101

Pre

ssu

re [

Pa]

DOY 145 2007 (4264deg N 142degE)



Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

39

120 140 160 180 200 220

Temperature [K]

102

101

Pre

ss

ure

[P

a]

DOY 138 2007 (6002deg N 2167degE)




Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

40

120 140 160 180 200 220

Temperature [K]

103

102

101

Pre

ss

ure

[P

a]

DOY 134 2007 (6333deg N 2000degE)




Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

41


MaRS GCM (LMD)

Tem

per

atu

re [

K]

alti

tud

e [

km]

alti

tud

e [

km]


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

42

Autumn profiles


2005 2007

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

43




Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

30






Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

31


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

32


h C3

Ne

f20


Ne electron density

C3 = 4031

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

33


0 2 4 6 8 10 12


50

150

250

350

450

550

650

alt

itu

de

wit

h r

es

pe

ct

to M

OL

A s

urf

ac

e (

km

)


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

34



350degN

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

35




350degN

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

36




350degN

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

37




350degN

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

38


120 140 160 180 200 220

Temperature [K]

103

102

101

Pre

ssu

re [

Pa]


DOY 120 2007 (4538degN2782degE)

120 140 160 180 200 220

Temperature [K]

102

101

Pre

ssu

re [

Pa]

DOY 145 2007 (4264deg N 142degE)



Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

39

120 140 160 180 200 220

Temperature [K]

102

101

Pre

ss

ure

[P

a]

DOY 138 2007 (6002deg N 2167degE)




Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

40

120 140 160 180 200 220

Temperature [K]

103

102

101

Pre

ss

ure

[P

a]

DOY 134 2007 (6333deg N 2000degE)




Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

41


MaRS GCM (LMD)

Tem

per

atu

re [

K]

alti

tud

e [

km]

alti

tud

e [

km]


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

42

Autumn profiles


2005 2007

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

43




Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

31


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

32


h C3

Ne

f20


Ne electron density

C3 = 4031

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

33


0 2 4 6 8 10 12


50

150

250

350

450

550

650

alt

itu

de

wit

h r

es

pe

ct

to M

OL

A s

urf

ac

e (

km

)


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

34



350degN

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

35




350degN

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

36




350degN

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

37




350degN

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

38


120 140 160 180 200 220

Temperature [K]

103

102

101

Pre

ssu

re [

Pa]


DOY 120 2007 (4538degN2782degE)

120 140 160 180 200 220

Temperature [K]

102

101

Pre

ssu

re [

Pa]

DOY 145 2007 (4264deg N 142degE)



Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

39

120 140 160 180 200 220

Temperature [K]

102

101

Pre

ss

ure

[P

a]

DOY 138 2007 (6002deg N 2167degE)




Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

40

120 140 160 180 200 220

Temperature [K]

103

102

101

Pre

ss

ure

[P

a]

DOY 134 2007 (6333deg N 2000degE)




Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

41


MaRS GCM (LMD)

Tem

per

atu

re [

K]

alti

tud

e [

km]

alti

tud

e [

km]


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

42

Autumn profiles


2005 2007

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

43




Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

32


h C3

Ne

f20


Ne electron density

C3 = 4031

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

33


0 2 4 6 8 10 12


50

150

250

350

450

550

650

alt

itu

de

wit

h r

es

pe

ct

to M

OL

A s

urf

ac

e (

km

)


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

34



350degN

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

35




350degN

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

36




350degN

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

37




350degN

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

38


120 140 160 180 200 220

Temperature [K]

103

102

101

Pre

ssu

re [

Pa]


DOY 120 2007 (4538degN2782degE)

120 140 160 180 200 220

Temperature [K]

102

101

Pre

ssu

re [

Pa]

DOY 145 2007 (4264deg N 142degE)



Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

39

120 140 160 180 200 220

Temperature [K]

102

101

Pre

ss

ure

[P

a]

DOY 138 2007 (6002deg N 2167degE)




Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

40

120 140 160 180 200 220

Temperature [K]

103

102

101

Pre

ss

ure

[P

a]

DOY 134 2007 (6333deg N 2000degE)




Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

41


MaRS GCM (LMD)

Tem

per

atu

re [

K]

alti

tud

e [

km]

alti

tud

e [

km]


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

42

Autumn profiles


2005 2007

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

43




Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

33


0 2 4 6 8 10 12


50

150

250

350

450

550

650

alt

itu

de

wit

h r

es

pe

ct

to M

OL

A s

urf

ac

e (

km

)


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

34



350degN

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

35




350degN

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

36




350degN

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

37




350degN

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

38


120 140 160 180 200 220

Temperature [K]

103

102

101

Pre

ssu

re [

Pa]


DOY 120 2007 (4538degN2782degE)

120 140 160 180 200 220

Temperature [K]

102

101

Pre

ssu

re [

Pa]

DOY 145 2007 (4264deg N 142degE)



Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

39

120 140 160 180 200 220

Temperature [K]

102

101

Pre

ss

ure

[P

a]

DOY 138 2007 (6002deg N 2167degE)




Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

40

120 140 160 180 200 220

Temperature [K]

103

102

101

Pre

ss

ure

[P

a]

DOY 134 2007 (6333deg N 2000degE)




Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

41


MaRS GCM (LMD)

Tem

per

atu

re [

K]

alti

tud

e [

km]

alti

tud

e [

km]


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

42

Autumn profiles


2005 2007

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

43




Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

34



350degN

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

35




350degN

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

36




350degN

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

37




350degN

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

38


120 140 160 180 200 220

Temperature [K]

103

102

101

Pre

ssu

re [

Pa]


DOY 120 2007 (4538degN2782degE)

120 140 160 180 200 220

Temperature [K]

102

101

Pre

ssu

re [

Pa]

DOY 145 2007 (4264deg N 142degE)



Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

39

120 140 160 180 200 220

Temperature [K]

102

101

Pre

ss

ure

[P

a]

DOY 138 2007 (6002deg N 2167degE)




Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

40

120 140 160 180 200 220

Temperature [K]

103

102

101

Pre

ss

ure

[P

a]

DOY 134 2007 (6333deg N 2000degE)




Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

41


MaRS GCM (LMD)

Tem

per

atu

re [

K]

alti

tud

e [

km]

alti

tud

e [

km]


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

42

Autumn profiles


2005 2007

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

43




Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

35




350degN

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

36




350degN

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

37




350degN

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

38


120 140 160 180 200 220

Temperature [K]

103

102

101

Pre

ssu

re [

Pa]


DOY 120 2007 (4538degN2782degE)

120 140 160 180 200 220

Temperature [K]

102

101

Pre

ssu

re [

Pa]

DOY 145 2007 (4264deg N 142degE)



Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

39

120 140 160 180 200 220

Temperature [K]

102

101

Pre

ss

ure

[P

a]

DOY 138 2007 (6002deg N 2167degE)




Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

40

120 140 160 180 200 220

Temperature [K]

103

102

101

Pre

ss

ure

[P

a]

DOY 134 2007 (6333deg N 2000degE)




Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

41


MaRS GCM (LMD)

Tem

per

atu

re [

K]

alti

tud

e [

km]

alti

tud

e [

km]


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

42

Autumn profiles


2005 2007

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

43




Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

36




350degN

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

37




350degN

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

38


120 140 160 180 200 220

Temperature [K]

103

102

101

Pre

ssu

re [

Pa]


DOY 120 2007 (4538degN2782degE)

120 140 160 180 200 220

Temperature [K]

102

101

Pre

ssu

re [

Pa]

DOY 145 2007 (4264deg N 142degE)



Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

39

120 140 160 180 200 220

Temperature [K]

102

101

Pre

ss

ure

[P

a]

DOY 138 2007 (6002deg N 2167degE)




Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

40

120 140 160 180 200 220

Temperature [K]

103

102

101

Pre

ss

ure

[P

a]

DOY 134 2007 (6333deg N 2000degE)




Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

41


MaRS GCM (LMD)

Tem

per

atu

re [

K]

alti

tud

e [

km]

alti

tud

e [

km]


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

42

Autumn profiles


2005 2007

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

43




Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

37




350degN

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

38


120 140 160 180 200 220

Temperature [K]

103

102

101

Pre

ssu

re [

Pa]


DOY 120 2007 (4538degN2782degE)

120 140 160 180 200 220

Temperature [K]

102

101

Pre

ssu

re [

Pa]

DOY 145 2007 (4264deg N 142degE)



Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

39

120 140 160 180 200 220

Temperature [K]

102

101

Pre

ss

ure

[P

a]

DOY 138 2007 (6002deg N 2167degE)




Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

40

120 140 160 180 200 220

Temperature [K]

103

102

101

Pre

ss

ure

[P

a]

DOY 134 2007 (6333deg N 2000degE)




Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

41


MaRS GCM (LMD)

Tem

per

atu

re [

K]

alti

tud

e [

km]

alti

tud

e [

km]


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

42

Autumn profiles


2005 2007

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

43




Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

38


120 140 160 180 200 220

Temperature [K]

103

102

101

Pre

ssu

re [

Pa]


DOY 120 2007 (4538degN2782degE)

120 140 160 180 200 220

Temperature [K]

102

101

Pre

ssu

re [

Pa]

DOY 145 2007 (4264deg N 142degE)



Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

39

120 140 160 180 200 220

Temperature [K]

102

101

Pre

ss

ure

[P

a]

DOY 138 2007 (6002deg N 2167degE)




Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

40

120 140 160 180 200 220

Temperature [K]

103

102

101

Pre

ss

ure

[P

a]

DOY 134 2007 (6333deg N 2000degE)




Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

41


MaRS GCM (LMD)

Tem

per

atu

re [

K]

alti

tud

e [

km]

alti

tud

e [

km]


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

42

Autumn profiles


2005 2007

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

43




Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

39

120 140 160 180 200 220

Temperature [K]

102

101

Pre

ss

ure

[P

a]

DOY 138 2007 (6002deg N 2167degE)




Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

40

120 140 160 180 200 220

Temperature [K]

103

102

101

Pre

ss

ure

[P

a]

DOY 134 2007 (6333deg N 2000degE)




Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

41


MaRS GCM (LMD)

Tem

per

atu

re [

K]

alti

tud

e [

km]

alti

tud

e [

km]


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

42

Autumn profiles


2005 2007

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

43




Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

40

120 140 160 180 200 220

Temperature [K]

103

102

101

Pre

ss

ure

[P

a]

DOY 134 2007 (6333deg N 2000degE)




Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

41


MaRS GCM (LMD)

Tem

per

atu

re [

K]

alti

tud

e [

km]

alti

tud

e [

km]


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

42

Autumn profiles


2005 2007

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

43




Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

41


MaRS GCM (LMD)

Tem

per

atu

re [

K]

alti

tud

e [

km]

alti

tud

e [

km]


Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

42

Autumn profiles


2005 2007

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

43




Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

42

Autumn profiles


2005 2007

Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

43




Ros

etta

_CD

PR

wha

t_is

_RS

_v4

ppt

19

042

3 11

53A

M

43




Documents

Rosetta_CD\PR\what_is_RS.ppt, 04.09.2015 18:39AM, 1 Mars Express Radio Science Experiment MaRS MaRS Radio Science Data: Level 3 & 4 The retrieval S.Tellmann,