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ROSENKAVALIER: WALTZING WITH GIANT STEPS
1
©2021 F.G.J. Absil, www.fransabsil.nl
Frans Absilwww.fransabsil.nl
2021
ROSENKAVALIER:WALTZING WITH GIANT STEPS
ROSENKAVALIER: WALTZING WITH GIANT STEPS
2
©2021 F.G.J. Absil, www.fransabsil.nl
In this document you will find a formal and harmonic analysis of theWaltz from the Richard Strauss opera Der Rosenkavalier (1910), fullscore rehearsal number #101-104. The combined use of diatonic andsymmetric harmony system is illustrated with diagrams and scoreexamples, both for the original waltz and for a short new composition thatdemonstrates the application of these harmony techniques.
This booklet is companion material for the YouTube video tutorial on theRosenkavalier Waltz (in the Music Composition Techniques playlist,upload February 2021).
Additional resources:
• YouTube video tutorial: www.youtube.com/user/fransabsil (see theMusic Composition Techniques playlist).
• Full orchestral score for composition example ‘Waltzing with R’ on:www.fransabsil.nl/notes/waltzing_with_r.htm
• PayPal donation link: www.fransabsil.nl/htm/archive.htm
• References:
▪ Richard Strauss, Der Rosenkavalier, in Full Score, Dover Publications Inc.New York (1987)
▪ Joseph Schillinger, The Schillinger System of Musical Composition, Da CapoPress (1978)
INTRODUCTION
ROSENKAVALIER: WALTZING WITH GIANT STEPS
3
©2021 F.G.J. Absil, www.fransabsil.nl
Full score rehearsal number #101-104, Waltz, 3/4 time signature, key Emajor, form ABABC (8+8+8+8+18 m.).
Piano reduction with essentials.
Formal and harmonic analysis of the 5 phrases: A1-B1-A2-B2-C. Chordlabels and diatonic degrees I, V, bII, VI, etc), cadence types, Schillingerroot cycle labels.
1 ROSENKAVALIER WALTZ (ORIGINAL)
Gemächlicher Walzer = 46
��
��
E
I R7
101
C 7( 9) E B7 F B7 A
VI65b9R-7 V4
3 V7R-7
IVR5
6
D F B7 F B7 E
bVIIR-3i bII R6i
V43
V7R5 I
11
Rosenkavalier Waltz
©2021 F.G.J. Absil, www.fransabsil.nl
Richard Strauss
1. Waltz Original #101
half-cadence
full cadence
V-I
V7-I
I
V-IV
A1 Diatonic
B1 Symmetric R3i
Neap.
ROSENKAVALIER: WALTZING WITH GIANT STEPS
4
©2021 F.G.J. Absil, www.fransabsil.nl
etwas breitE A E E 7
R7 IV64
R-3 VI65b9R5
102
17
a tempoF m A C F
ii R-3IV
R-3i bVI R7 bII R-3i
23
frischA B F B7 E
IIIR-3i V6
4 V7R5 I
103
28
dim.
poco rit.poco rit. C m
R3 vi R3
32
2 Waltz Original #101
V-I
V7-I
V7-I V7-IIV
I
V-Iii
V-I
vi
I
B2 Symmetric R4i
A2 Diatonic
C Rel. minor
Neap.
ROSENKAVALIER: WALTZING WITH GIANT STEPS
5
©2021 F.G.J. Absil, www.fransabsil.nl
dim.
a tempo, gemächlichA F m
IV
R3
ii
R-5
104
37
E 7 G F m A C m7( 5) F 7 E B
VI43b9
R5
ii6
R-5 vi7b5
R5II7
R5
I64
42
B7 E
V7 R5I
105
47
3Waltz Original #101
closing cadence V7-I
V7-I V7-I
I
intermediate (sec.) dom.
ii
ii
IV
C Subdominant (cont'd)
ROSENKAVALIER: WALTZING WITH GIANT STEPS
6
©2021 F.G.J. Absil, www.fransabsil.nl
f
f c
c
g
g
g
d
d
a b f#
b f#
f# c# g#
c# g#
d#
a#
e
a e
C#m
C#m
G
G
A
A
E B
C#Bbm
Bb
G#mF#m
F#m
F#
Em Bm
Bm
Am
AmGm
Fm
F
FDm
D
Cm
C
C
Ab
B1: (V)-IV-bVII-bII-V
B2: (vi)-IV-bVI-bII-III-V
A2: I-V-I-IV-VI-ii
C: vi-IV-V-ii-I-ii-VI-ii-vi-II-V-I
A1: I-V-I-vi-VI-V
Rosenkavalier Waltz (R. Strauss)Tonnetz path around E
diatonic axis
symmetric roots (3i)chromatic mediants
symmetric roots (4i)chromatic mediants'Giant Steps'
Full path in the triad Tonnetz diagram, centered around tonic E.Horizontal diatonic harmony axis. Diagonal symmetric harmony systemaxes: SW-to-NE: minor 3rd, equal division of the octave into 3 semitoneinterval. NW-to-SE: major 3rd, division into 4 semitones symmetry. (Seethe Neo-Riemannian Theory video tutorial series on the YouTubechannel)
Five trajectories, 3 diatonic (A1, A2 and C), 2 symmetric (B1 and B2)
ROSENKAVALIER: WALTZING WITH GIANT STEPS
7
©2021 F.G.J. Absil, www.fransabsil.nl
= 112
�
�
E B E B C m E E 7 B7 F B A D F
I VR7
viR-3
VI65b9
R-7
V7
R5
VR-7
IVR5
bVIIR-3i
bIIR6i
B7 F B7 E E B7 E B7 A E E 7 F m A C
V43 V7
R5
I I V7
R-7
IV64
R-3
VI65b9
R5
iiR-3
IVR-3i
bVIR5
7
F A B F B7 E C m E A B7
bIIR-3i
IIIR-3i
V64 V7
R5
IR3
vi6
R3
IVR7
V7
R-5
14
F m A E F m E 7 F m A C m7( 5) F 7 E B B7 E
vi6
R-7IR7
iiR-5
VI43b9
R5
ii6
R-5vi7b5
R5
II7
R5I64 V7
R5
I
20
2. Harmony Original
V-I Neap.
V7-I
I
V-I
V vi IV
VA1 Diatonic B1 Symmetric R3i
B2 Symmetric R4i
A2 Diatonic
C Relative minor- Subdominant
Harmony breakdown of the Rosenkavalier Waltz original.
Next pages: Tonnetz paths for the five separate phrases.
ROSENKAVALIER: WALTZING WITH GIANT STEPS
8
©2021 F.G.J. Absil, www.fransabsil.nl
f
f c
c
g
g
g
d
d
a b f#
b f#
f# c# g#
c# g#
d#
a#
e
a e
C#m
C#m
G
G
A
A
E B
C#Bbm
Bb
G#mF#m
F#m
F#
Em Bm
Bm
Am
AmGm
Fm
F
FDm
D
Cm
C
C
Ab
B1: (V)-IV-bVII-bII-V
B2: (vi)-IV-bVI-bII-III-V
A2: I-V-I-IV-VI-ii
C: vi-IV-V-ii-I-ii-VI-ii-vi-II-V-I
A1: I-V-I-vi-VI-V
Rosenkavalier Waltz (R. Strauss)Tonnetz path around E
diatonic axis
symmetric roots (3i)chromatic mediants
symmetric roots (4i)chromatic mediants'Giant Steps'
ROSENKAVALIER: WALTZING WITH GIANT STEPS
9
©2021 F.G.J. Absil, www.fransabsil.nl
f
f c
c
g
g
g
d
d
a b f#
b f#
f# c# g#
c# g#
d#
a#
e
a e
C#m
C#m
G
G
A
A
E B
C#Bbm
Bb
G#mF#m
F#m
F#
Em Bm
Bm
Am
AmGm
Fm
F
FDm
D
Cm
C
C
Ab
B1: (V)-IV-bVII-bII-V
B2: (vi)-IV-bVI-bII-III-V
A2: I-V-I-IV-VI-ii
C: vi-IV-V-ii-I-ii-VI-ii-vi-II-V-I
A1: I-V-I-vi-VI-V
Rosenkavalier Waltz (R. Strauss)Tonnetz path around E
diatonic axis
symmetric roots (3i)chromatic mediants
symmetric roots (4i)chromatic mediants'Giant Steps'
f
f c
c
g
g
g
d
d
a b f#
b f#
f# c# g#
c# g#
d#
a#
e
a e
C#m
C#m
G
G
A
A
E B
C#Bbm
Bb
G#mF#m
F#m
F#
Em Bm
Bm
Am
AmGm
Fm
F
FDm
D
Cm
C
C
Ab
B1: (V)-IV-bVII-bII-V
B2: (vi)-IV-bVI-bII-III-V
A2: I-V-I-IV-VI-ii
C: vi-IV-V-ii-I-ii-VI-ii-vi-II-V-I
A1: I-V-I-vi-VI-V
Rosenkavalier Waltz (R. Strauss)Tonnetz path around E
diatonic axis
symmetric roots (3i)chromatic mediants
symmetric roots (4i)chromatic mediants'Giant Steps'
ROSENKAVALIER: WALTZING WITH GIANT STEPS
10
©2021 F.G.J. Absil, www.fransabsil.nl
f
f c
c
g
g
g
d
d
a b f#
b f#
f# c# g#
c# g#
d#
a#
e
a e
C#m
C#m
G
G
A
A
E B
C#Bbm
Bb
G#mF#m
F#m
F#
Em Bm
Bm
Am
AmGm
Fm
F
FDm
D
Cm
C
C
Ab
B1: (V)-IV-bVII-bII-V
B2: (vi)-IV-bVI-bII-III-V
A2: I-V-I-IV-VI-ii
C: vi-IV-V-ii-I-ii-VI-ii-vi-II-V-I
A1: I-V-I-vi-VI-V
Rosenkavalier Waltz (R. Strauss)Tonnetz path around E
diatonic axis
symmetric roots (3i)chromatic mediants
symmetric roots (4i)chromatic mediants'Giant Steps'
ROSENKAVALIER: WALTZING WITH GIANT STEPS
11
©2021 F.G.J. Absil, www.fransabsil.nl
= 260
�
�
B D7 G B 7 E Am7 D7
I R-3i
V7R5 I R-3i
V7
R5
I R6i ii7 V7R5
G B 7 E F 7 B Fm7 B 7 E
I R-3i V7
R5 I R-3iV7
R5
I R6i ii7
R5
V7
R5
I R6i
5
Am7 D7 G C m7 F 7 B Fm7 B 7
ii7
R5
V7
R5
I R6i ii7
R5
V7
R5
I R6i ii7
R5
V7
R5I
10
E C m7 F 7
R2i ii7
R5V7
15
5. Giant Steps
I V7-I IIm7-V7-I
John Coltrane, Giant Steps (1960). Chord changes in 3-tonics symmetricsystem with roots B, G and Eb. V7-I and ii7-V7-I cadences. Analogy withthe Rosenkavalier Waltz B2 phrase (R4i symmetry).
ROSENKAVALIER: WALTZING WITH GIANT STEPS
12
©2021 F.G.J. Absil, www.fransabsil.nl
2 NEW COMPOSITION BASED ON ROSENKAVALIER WALTZSame form/structure: ABABC. Combination of phrases in either diatonicor symmetric harmony system. Key: G major. Extended chordprogression. Note root cycle patterns (diat./sym., positive/negative).
= 112
�
�
G D G D Em G G 7 D7 A D C F E A C D7
IVR7
vi VI65b9
R-7
V7
R5VR-7
IVR5
bVIIR-7
bVIR5
bII6
R6i
V7
R5
G G D7 Em G Bm7 D C G G 7 Am C E A B
I IV7
R7
vi6
R-5iii65R7
IV64
R-3
VI65b9
R5
iiIVR-3i
bVIR5
bIIR-3i
IIIR5
8
E G C D7 G Em C G C
VIR-3i
IR5
IVR7
V7
R5
IR3
viR3
IVR-5
I R-4i
15
E B E A E A Am E D7 G
VIR-5
III VI R-4i bIIR-5
bVIR6i
bII R-i ii64R5
V7
R5
I
23
4. Harmony Varied in G
V-I
V-I
V-I
ii-V7-I
V7-I
I
V-I
V-I V-I
V-I
vi IV
VA1 Diatonic B1 Symmetric R3i
B2 Symmetric R4iA2 Diatonic
C1 Rel. minor C2 Subdom.Symm. R4i
C3 Cadence
Neap.
ROSENKAVALIER: WALTZING WITH GIANT STEPS
13
©2021 F.G.J. Absil, www.fransabsil.nl
f
f
c
c
g
g
d
d
a
a
b
b
f#
bb
bb
ebab
c# g# d#
a#
e
a e
C#m
G
A E B
C#Bbm
Bb
G#m Ebm
Em
Em
Bm
Cm
Am
Am
Gm
Fm
F
Dm
BbDm
D
Cm
C
C
Ab
Eb
Eb
Ab
B1: (V)-IV-bVII-bII-V
B2: (ii)-IV-bVI-bII-III-VI-I-IV-V-I
A2: I-V-vi-iii-IV-VI-ii
C: vi-IV-I-VI-III-bII-bVI-ii-V-I
A1: I-V-I-vi-VI-V
Rosenkavalier Variation CueTonnetz path around G
diatonic axis
symmetric roots (3i)chromatic mediants
symmetric roots (4i)chromatic mediants'Giant Steps'
Full path and five phrase trajectories in Tonnetz diagram around G.Diatonic sections A1 and A2, Symmetric system sections B1 (R3i) andB2 (R4i), with V-I cadences on multiple tonics. Section C subdivided withanother R4i middle section.
f
f
c
c
g
g
d
d
a
a
b
b
f#
bb
bb
ebab
c# g# d#
a#
e
a e
C#m
G
A E B
C#Bbm
Bb
G#m Ebm
Em
Em
Bm
Cm
Am
Am
Gm
Fm
F
Dm
BbDm
D
Cm
C
C
Ab
Eb
Eb
Ab
B1: (V)-IV-bVII-bII-V
B2: (ii)-IV-bVI-bII-III-VI-I-IV-V-I
A2: I-V-vi-iii-IV-VI-ii
C: vi-IV-I-VI-III-bII-bVI-ii-V-I
A1: I-V-I-vi-VI-V
Rosenkavalier Variation CueTonnetz path around G
diatonic axis
symmetric roots (3i)chromatic mediants
symmetric roots (4i)chromatic mediants'Giant Steps'
ROSENKAVALIER: WALTZING WITH GIANT STEPS
14
©2021 F.G.J. Absil, www.fransabsil.nl
f
f
c
c
g
g
d
d
a
a
b
b
f#
bb
bb
ebab
c# g# d#
a#
e
a e
C#m
G
A E B
C#Bbm
Bb
G#m Ebm
Em
Em
Bm
Cm
Am
Am
Gm
Fm
F
Dm
BbDm
D
Cm
C
C
Ab
Eb
Eb
Ab
B1: (V)-IV-bVII-bII-V
B2: (ii)-IV-bVI-bII-III-VI-I-IV-V-I
A2: I-V-vi-iii-IV-VI-ii
C: vi-IV-I-VI-III-bII-bVI-ii-V-I
A1: I-V-I-vi-VI-V
Rosenkavalier Variation CueTonnetz path around G
diatonic axis
symmetric roots (3i)chromatic mediants
symmetric roots (4i)chromatic mediants'Giant Steps'
f
f
c
c
g
g
d
d
a
a
b
b
f#
bb
bb
ebab
c# g# d#
a#
e
a e
C#m
G
A E B
C#Bbm
Bb
G#m Ebm
Em
Em
Bm
Cm
Am
Am
Gm
Fm
F
Dm
BbDm
D
Cm
C
C
Ab
Eb
Eb
Ab
B1: (V)-IV-bVII-bII-V
B2: (ii)-IV-bVI-bII-III-VI-I-IV-V-I
A2: I-V-vi-iii-IV-VI-ii
C: vi-IV-I-VI-III-bII-bVI-ii-V-I
A1: I-V-I-vi-VI-V
Rosenkavalier Variation CueTonnetz path around G
diatonic axis
symmetric roots (3i)chromatic mediants
symmetric roots (4i)chromatic mediants'Giant Steps'
ROSENKAVALIER: WALTZING WITH GIANT STEPS
15
©2021 F.G.J. Absil, www.fransabsil.nl
f
f
c
c
g
g
d
d
a
a
b
b
f#
bb
bb
ebab
c# g# d#
a#
e
a e
C#m
G
A E B
C#Bbm
Bb
G#m Ebm
Em
Em
Bm
Cm
Am
Am
Gm
Fm
F
Dm
BbDm
D
Cm
C
C
Ab
Eb
Eb
Ab
B1: (V)-IV-bVII-bII-V
B2: (ii)-IV-bVI-bII-III-VI-I-IV-V-I
A2: I-V-vi-iii-IV-VI-ii
C: vi-IV-I-VI-III-bII-bVI-ii-V-I
A1: I-V-I-vi-VI-V
Rosenkavalier Variation CueTonnetz path around G
diatonic axis
symmetric roots (3i)chromatic mediants
symmetric roots (4i)chromatic mediants'Giant Steps'
f
f
c
c
g
g
d
d
a
a
b
b
f#
bb
bb
ebab
c# g# d#
a#
e
a e
C#m
G
A E B
C#Bbm
Bb
G#m Ebm
Em
Em
Bm
Cm
Am
Am
Gm
Fm
F
Dm
BbDm
D
Cm
C
C
Ab
Eb
Eb
Ab
B1: (V)-IV-bVII-bII-V
B2: (ii)-IV-bVI-bII-III-VI-I-IV-V-I
A2: I-V-vi-iii-IV-VI-ii
C: vi-IV-I-VI-III-bII-bVI-ii-V-I
A1: I-V-I-vi-VI-V
Rosenkavalier Variation CueTonnetz path around G
diatonic axis
symmetric roots (3i)chromatic mediants
symmetric roots (4i)chromatic mediants'Giant Steps'
ROSENKAVALIER: WALTZING WITH GIANT STEPS
16
©2021 F.G.J. Absil, www.fransabsil.nl
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pizz.
Allegretto misterioso = 104
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GCel
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5 6 7 8
Waltzing with R
©2021 F.G.J. Absil, www.fransabsil.nl
Frans Absil
Reduced score of Waltzing with R, composition based on extendedchord progression with diatonic and symmetric harmony. Orchestral cuewith instrumental forms for woodwind, brass, strings and percussion.
ROSENKAVALIER: WALTZING WITH GIANT STEPS
17
©2021 F.G.J. Absil, www.fransabsil.nl
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D7 D C
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= 112
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Waltz festivo
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2 Waltzing with R
ROSENKAVALIER: WALTZING WITH GIANT STEPS
18
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22 23 24 25 26
3Waltzing with R
ROSENKAVALIER: WALTZING WITH GIANT STEPS
19
©2021 F.G.J. Absil, www.fransabsil.nl
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4 Waltzing with R
ROSENKAVALIER: WALTZING WITH GIANT STEPS
20
©2021 F.G.J. Absil, www.fransabsil.nl
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39 40 41 42
5Waltzing with R
ROSENKAVALIER: WALTZING WITH GIANT STEPS
21
©2021 F.G.J. Absil, www.fransabsil.nl
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46 47
6 Waltzing with R
ROSENKAVALIER: WALTZING WITH GIANT STEPS
22
©2021 F.G.J. Absil, www.fransabsil.nl
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51 52 53 54
7Waltzing with R
(Full score available on the website.)
ROSENKAVALIER: WALTZING WITH GIANT STEPS
23
©2021 F.G.J. Absil, www.fransabsil.nl