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ROSENKAVALIER: WALTZING WITH GIANTSTEPS 1 ©2021 F.G.J. Absil, www.fransabsil.nl Frans Absil www.fransabsil.nl 2021 ROSENKAVALIER: WALTZING WITH GIANT STEPS

ROSENKAVALIER: WALTZING WITH GIANT STEPSsymmetric harmony system is illustrated with diagrams and score examples, both for the original waltz and for a short new composition that demonstrates

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Page 1: ROSENKAVALIER: WALTZING WITH GIANT STEPSsymmetric harmony system is illustrated with diagrams and score examples, both for the original waltz and for a short new composition that demonstrates

ROSENKAVALIER: WALTZING WITH GIANT STEPS

1

©2021 F.G.J. Absil, www.fransabsil.nl

Frans Absilwww.fransabsil.nl

2021

ROSENKAVALIER:WALTZING WITH GIANT STEPS

Page 2: ROSENKAVALIER: WALTZING WITH GIANT STEPSsymmetric harmony system is illustrated with diagrams and score examples, both for the original waltz and for a short new composition that demonstrates

ROSENKAVALIER: WALTZING WITH GIANT STEPS

2

©2021 F.G.J. Absil, www.fransabsil.nl

In this document you will find a formal and harmonic analysis of theWaltz from the Richard Strauss opera Der Rosenkavalier (1910), fullscore rehearsal number #101-104. The combined use of diatonic andsymmetric harmony system is illustrated with diagrams and scoreexamples, both for the original waltz and for a short new composition thatdemonstrates the application of these harmony techniques.

This booklet is companion material for the YouTube video tutorial on theRosenkavalier Waltz (in the Music Composition Techniques playlist,upload February 2021).

Additional resources:

• YouTube video tutorial: www.youtube.com/user/fransabsil (see theMusic Composition Techniques playlist).

• Full orchestral score for composition example ‘Waltzing with R’ on:www.fransabsil.nl/notes/waltzing_with_r.htm

• PayPal donation link: www.fransabsil.nl/htm/archive.htm

• References:

▪ Richard Strauss, Der Rosenkavalier, in Full Score, Dover Publications Inc.New York (1987)

▪ Joseph Schillinger, The Schillinger System of Musical Composition, Da CapoPress (1978)

INTRODUCTION

Page 3: ROSENKAVALIER: WALTZING WITH GIANT STEPSsymmetric harmony system is illustrated with diagrams and score examples, both for the original waltz and for a short new composition that demonstrates

ROSENKAVALIER: WALTZING WITH GIANT STEPS

3

©2021 F.G.J. Absil, www.fransabsil.nl

Full score rehearsal number #101-104, Waltz, 3/4 time signature, key Emajor, form ABABC (8+8+8+8+18 m.).

Piano reduction with essentials.

Formal and harmonic analysis of the 5 phrases: A1-B1-A2-B2-C. Chordlabels and diatonic degrees I, V, bII, VI, etc), cadence types, Schillingerroot cycle labels.

1 ROSENKAVALIER WALTZ (ORIGINAL)

Gemächlicher Walzer = 46

��

��

E

I R7

101

C 7( 9) E B7 F B7 A

VI65b9R-7 V4

3 V7R-7

IVR5

6

D F B7 F B7 E

bVIIR-3i bII R6i

V43

V7R5 I

11

Rosenkavalier Waltz

©2021 F.G.J. Absil, www.fransabsil.nl

Richard Strauss

1. Waltz Original #101

half-cadence

full cadence

V-I

V7-I

I

V-IV

A1 Diatonic

B1 Symmetric R3i

Neap.

Page 4: ROSENKAVALIER: WALTZING WITH GIANT STEPSsymmetric harmony system is illustrated with diagrams and score examples, both for the original waltz and for a short new composition that demonstrates

ROSENKAVALIER: WALTZING WITH GIANT STEPS

4

©2021 F.G.J. Absil, www.fransabsil.nl

etwas breitE A E E 7

R7 IV64

R-3 VI65b9R5

102

17

a tempoF m A C F

ii R-3IV

R-3i bVI R7 bII R-3i

23

frischA B F B7 E

IIIR-3i V6

4 V7R5 I

103

28

dim.

poco rit.poco rit. C m

R3 vi R3

32

2 Waltz Original #101

V-I

V7-I

V7-I V7-IIV

I

V-Iii

V-I

vi

I

B2 Symmetric R4i

A2 Diatonic

C Rel. minor

Neap.

Page 5: ROSENKAVALIER: WALTZING WITH GIANT STEPSsymmetric harmony system is illustrated with diagrams and score examples, both for the original waltz and for a short new composition that demonstrates

ROSENKAVALIER: WALTZING WITH GIANT STEPS

5

©2021 F.G.J. Absil, www.fransabsil.nl

dim.

a tempo, gemächlichA F m

IV

R3

ii

R-5

104

37

E 7 G F m A C m7( 5) F 7 E B

VI43b9

R5

ii6

R-5 vi7b5

R5II7

R5

I64

42

B7 E

V7 R5I

105

47

3Waltz Original #101

closing cadence V7-I

V7-I V7-I

I

intermediate (sec.) dom.

ii

ii

IV

C Subdominant (cont'd)

Page 6: ROSENKAVALIER: WALTZING WITH GIANT STEPSsymmetric harmony system is illustrated with diagrams and score examples, both for the original waltz and for a short new composition that demonstrates

ROSENKAVALIER: WALTZING WITH GIANT STEPS

6

©2021 F.G.J. Absil, www.fransabsil.nl

f

f c

c

g

g

g

d

d

a b f#

b f#

f# c# g#

c# g#

d#

a#

e

a e

C#m

C#m

G

G

A

A

E B

C#Bbm

Bb

G#mF#m

F#m

F#

Em Bm

Bm

Am

AmGm

Fm

F

FDm

D

Cm

C

C

Ab

B1: (V)-IV-bVII-bII-V

B2: (vi)-IV-bVI-bII-III-V

A2: I-V-I-IV-VI-ii

C: vi-IV-V-ii-I-ii-VI-ii-vi-II-V-I

A1: I-V-I-vi-VI-V

Rosenkavalier Waltz (R. Strauss)Tonnetz path around E

diatonic axis

symmetric roots (3i)chromatic mediants

symmetric roots (4i)chromatic mediants'Giant Steps'

Full path in the triad Tonnetz diagram, centered around tonic E.Horizontal diatonic harmony axis. Diagonal symmetric harmony systemaxes: SW-to-NE: minor 3rd, equal division of the octave into 3 semitoneinterval. NW-to-SE: major 3rd, division into 4 semitones symmetry. (Seethe Neo-Riemannian Theory video tutorial series on the YouTubechannel)

Five trajectories, 3 diatonic (A1, A2 and C), 2 symmetric (B1 and B2)

Page 7: ROSENKAVALIER: WALTZING WITH GIANT STEPSsymmetric harmony system is illustrated with diagrams and score examples, both for the original waltz and for a short new composition that demonstrates

ROSENKAVALIER: WALTZING WITH GIANT STEPS

7

©2021 F.G.J. Absil, www.fransabsil.nl

= 112

E B E B C m E E 7 B7 F B A D F

I VR7

viR-3

VI65b9

R-7

V7

R5

VR-7

IVR5

bVIIR-3i

bIIR6i

B7 F B7 E E B7 E B7 A E E 7 F m A C

V43 V7

R5

I I V7

R-7

IV64

R-3

VI65b9

R5

iiR-3

IVR-3i

bVIR5

7

F A B F B7 E C m E A B7

bIIR-3i

IIIR-3i

V64 V7

R5

IR3

vi6

R3

IVR7

V7

R-5

14

F m A E F m E 7 F m A C m7( 5) F 7 E B B7 E

vi6

R-7IR7

iiR-5

VI43b9

R5

ii6

R-5vi7b5

R5

II7

R5I64 V7

R5

I

20

2. Harmony Original

V-I Neap.

V7-I

I

V-I

V vi IV

VA1 Diatonic B1 Symmetric R3i

B2 Symmetric R4i

A2 Diatonic

C Relative minor- Subdominant

Harmony breakdown of the Rosenkavalier Waltz original.

Next pages: Tonnetz paths for the five separate phrases.

Page 8: ROSENKAVALIER: WALTZING WITH GIANT STEPSsymmetric harmony system is illustrated with diagrams and score examples, both for the original waltz and for a short new composition that demonstrates

ROSENKAVALIER: WALTZING WITH GIANT STEPS

8

©2021 F.G.J. Absil, www.fransabsil.nl

f

f c

c

g

g

g

d

d

a b f#

b f#

f# c# g#

c# g#

d#

a#

e

a e

C#m

C#m

G

G

A

A

E B

C#Bbm

Bb

G#mF#m

F#m

F#

Em Bm

Bm

Am

AmGm

Fm

F

FDm

D

Cm

C

C

Ab

B1: (V)-IV-bVII-bII-V

B2: (vi)-IV-bVI-bII-III-V

A2: I-V-I-IV-VI-ii

C: vi-IV-V-ii-I-ii-VI-ii-vi-II-V-I

A1: I-V-I-vi-VI-V

Rosenkavalier Waltz (R. Strauss)Tonnetz path around E

diatonic axis

symmetric roots (3i)chromatic mediants

symmetric roots (4i)chromatic mediants'Giant Steps'

Page 9: ROSENKAVALIER: WALTZING WITH GIANT STEPSsymmetric harmony system is illustrated with diagrams and score examples, both for the original waltz and for a short new composition that demonstrates

ROSENKAVALIER: WALTZING WITH GIANT STEPS

9

©2021 F.G.J. Absil, www.fransabsil.nl

f

f c

c

g

g

g

d

d

a b f#

b f#

f# c# g#

c# g#

d#

a#

e

a e

C#m

C#m

G

G

A

A

E B

C#Bbm

Bb

G#mF#m

F#m

F#

Em Bm

Bm

Am

AmGm

Fm

F

FDm

D

Cm

C

C

Ab

B1: (V)-IV-bVII-bII-V

B2: (vi)-IV-bVI-bII-III-V

A2: I-V-I-IV-VI-ii

C: vi-IV-V-ii-I-ii-VI-ii-vi-II-V-I

A1: I-V-I-vi-VI-V

Rosenkavalier Waltz (R. Strauss)Tonnetz path around E

diatonic axis

symmetric roots (3i)chromatic mediants

symmetric roots (4i)chromatic mediants'Giant Steps'

f

f c

c

g

g

g

d

d

a b f#

b f#

f# c# g#

c# g#

d#

a#

e

a e

C#m

C#m

G

G

A

A

E B

C#Bbm

Bb

G#mF#m

F#m

F#

Em Bm

Bm

Am

AmGm

Fm

F

FDm

D

Cm

C

C

Ab

B1: (V)-IV-bVII-bII-V

B2: (vi)-IV-bVI-bII-III-V

A2: I-V-I-IV-VI-ii

C: vi-IV-V-ii-I-ii-VI-ii-vi-II-V-I

A1: I-V-I-vi-VI-V

Rosenkavalier Waltz (R. Strauss)Tonnetz path around E

diatonic axis

symmetric roots (3i)chromatic mediants

symmetric roots (4i)chromatic mediants'Giant Steps'

Page 10: ROSENKAVALIER: WALTZING WITH GIANT STEPSsymmetric harmony system is illustrated with diagrams and score examples, both for the original waltz and for a short new composition that demonstrates

ROSENKAVALIER: WALTZING WITH GIANT STEPS

10

©2021 F.G.J. Absil, www.fransabsil.nl

f

f c

c

g

g

g

d

d

a b f#

b f#

f# c# g#

c# g#

d#

a#

e

a e

C#m

C#m

G

G

A

A

E B

C#Bbm

Bb

G#mF#m

F#m

F#

Em Bm

Bm

Am

AmGm

Fm

F

FDm

D

Cm

C

C

Ab

B1: (V)-IV-bVII-bII-V

B2: (vi)-IV-bVI-bII-III-V

A2: I-V-I-IV-VI-ii

C: vi-IV-V-ii-I-ii-VI-ii-vi-II-V-I

A1: I-V-I-vi-VI-V

Rosenkavalier Waltz (R. Strauss)Tonnetz path around E

diatonic axis

symmetric roots (3i)chromatic mediants

symmetric roots (4i)chromatic mediants'Giant Steps'

Page 11: ROSENKAVALIER: WALTZING WITH GIANT STEPSsymmetric harmony system is illustrated with diagrams and score examples, both for the original waltz and for a short new composition that demonstrates

ROSENKAVALIER: WALTZING WITH GIANT STEPS

11

©2021 F.G.J. Absil, www.fransabsil.nl

= 260

B D7 G B 7 E Am7 D7

I R-3i

V7R5 I R-3i

V7

R5

I R6i ii7 V7R5

G B 7 E F 7 B Fm7 B 7 E

I R-3i V7

R5 I R-3iV7

R5

I R6i ii7

R5

V7

R5

I R6i

5

Am7 D7 G C m7 F 7 B Fm7 B 7

ii7

R5

V7

R5

I R6i ii7

R5

V7

R5

I R6i ii7

R5

V7

R5I

10

E C m7 F 7

R2i ii7

R5V7

15

5. Giant Steps

I V7-I IIm7-V7-I

John Coltrane, Giant Steps (1960). Chord changes in 3-tonics symmetricsystem with roots B, G and Eb. V7-I and ii7-V7-I cadences. Analogy withthe Rosenkavalier Waltz B2 phrase (R4i symmetry).

Page 12: ROSENKAVALIER: WALTZING WITH GIANT STEPSsymmetric harmony system is illustrated with diagrams and score examples, both for the original waltz and for a short new composition that demonstrates

ROSENKAVALIER: WALTZING WITH GIANT STEPS

12

©2021 F.G.J. Absil, www.fransabsil.nl

2 NEW COMPOSITION BASED ON ROSENKAVALIER WALTZSame form/structure: ABABC. Combination of phrases in either diatonicor symmetric harmony system. Key: G major. Extended chordprogression. Note root cycle patterns (diat./sym., positive/negative).

= 112

G D G D Em G G 7 D7 A D C F E A C D7

IVR7

vi VI65b9

R-7

V7

R5VR-7

IVR5

bVIIR-7

bVIR5

bII6

R6i

V7

R5

G G D7 Em G Bm7 D C G G 7 Am C E A B

I IV7

R7

vi6

R-5iii65R7

IV64

R-3

VI65b9

R5

iiIVR-3i

bVIR5

bIIR-3i

IIIR5

8

E G C D7 G Em C G C

VIR-3i

IR5

IVR7

V7

R5

IR3

viR3

IVR-5

I R-4i

15

E B E A E A Am E D7 G

VIR-5

III VI R-4i bIIR-5

bVIR6i

bII R-i ii64R5

V7

R5

I

23

4. Harmony Varied in G

V-I

V-I

V-I

ii-V7-I

V7-I

I

V-I

V-I V-I

V-I

vi IV

VA1 Diatonic B1 Symmetric R3i

B2 Symmetric R4iA2 Diatonic

C1 Rel. minor C2 Subdom.Symm. R4i

C3 Cadence

Neap.

Page 13: ROSENKAVALIER: WALTZING WITH GIANT STEPSsymmetric harmony system is illustrated with diagrams and score examples, both for the original waltz and for a short new composition that demonstrates

ROSENKAVALIER: WALTZING WITH GIANT STEPS

13

©2021 F.G.J. Absil, www.fransabsil.nl

f

f

c

c

g

g

d

d

a

a

b

b

f#

bb

bb

ebab

c# g# d#

a#

e

a e

C#m

G

A E B

C#Bbm

Bb

G#m Ebm

Em

Em

Bm

Cm

Am

Am

Gm

Fm

F

Dm

BbDm

D

Cm

C

C

Ab

Eb

Eb

Ab

B1: (V)-IV-bVII-bII-V

B2: (ii)-IV-bVI-bII-III-VI-I-IV-V-I

A2: I-V-vi-iii-IV-VI-ii

C: vi-IV-I-VI-III-bII-bVI-ii-V-I

A1: I-V-I-vi-VI-V

Rosenkavalier Variation CueTonnetz path around G

diatonic axis

symmetric roots (3i)chromatic mediants

symmetric roots (4i)chromatic mediants'Giant Steps'

Full path and five phrase trajectories in Tonnetz diagram around G.Diatonic sections A1 and A2, Symmetric system sections B1 (R3i) andB2 (R4i), with V-I cadences on multiple tonics. Section C subdivided withanother R4i middle section.

f

f

c

c

g

g

d

d

a

a

b

b

f#

bb

bb

ebab

c# g# d#

a#

e

a e

C#m

G

A E B

C#Bbm

Bb

G#m Ebm

Em

Em

Bm

Cm

Am

Am

Gm

Fm

F

Dm

BbDm

D

Cm

C

C

Ab

Eb

Eb

Ab

B1: (V)-IV-bVII-bII-V

B2: (ii)-IV-bVI-bII-III-VI-I-IV-V-I

A2: I-V-vi-iii-IV-VI-ii

C: vi-IV-I-VI-III-bII-bVI-ii-V-I

A1: I-V-I-vi-VI-V

Rosenkavalier Variation CueTonnetz path around G

diatonic axis

symmetric roots (3i)chromatic mediants

symmetric roots (4i)chromatic mediants'Giant Steps'

Page 14: ROSENKAVALIER: WALTZING WITH GIANT STEPSsymmetric harmony system is illustrated with diagrams and score examples, both for the original waltz and for a short new composition that demonstrates

ROSENKAVALIER: WALTZING WITH GIANT STEPS

14

©2021 F.G.J. Absil, www.fransabsil.nl

f

f

c

c

g

g

d

d

a

a

b

b

f#

bb

bb

ebab

c# g# d#

a#

e

a e

C#m

G

A E B

C#Bbm

Bb

G#m Ebm

Em

Em

Bm

Cm

Am

Am

Gm

Fm

F

Dm

BbDm

D

Cm

C

C

Ab

Eb

Eb

Ab

B1: (V)-IV-bVII-bII-V

B2: (ii)-IV-bVI-bII-III-VI-I-IV-V-I

A2: I-V-vi-iii-IV-VI-ii

C: vi-IV-I-VI-III-bII-bVI-ii-V-I

A1: I-V-I-vi-VI-V

Rosenkavalier Variation CueTonnetz path around G

diatonic axis

symmetric roots (3i)chromatic mediants

symmetric roots (4i)chromatic mediants'Giant Steps'

f

f

c

c

g

g

d

d

a

a

b

b

f#

bb

bb

ebab

c# g# d#

a#

e

a e

C#m

G

A E B

C#Bbm

Bb

G#m Ebm

Em

Em

Bm

Cm

Am

Am

Gm

Fm

F

Dm

BbDm

D

Cm

C

C

Ab

Eb

Eb

Ab

B1: (V)-IV-bVII-bII-V

B2: (ii)-IV-bVI-bII-III-VI-I-IV-V-I

A2: I-V-vi-iii-IV-VI-ii

C: vi-IV-I-VI-III-bII-bVI-ii-V-I

A1: I-V-I-vi-VI-V

Rosenkavalier Variation CueTonnetz path around G

diatonic axis

symmetric roots (3i)chromatic mediants

symmetric roots (4i)chromatic mediants'Giant Steps'

Page 15: ROSENKAVALIER: WALTZING WITH GIANT STEPSsymmetric harmony system is illustrated with diagrams and score examples, both for the original waltz and for a short new composition that demonstrates

ROSENKAVALIER: WALTZING WITH GIANT STEPS

15

©2021 F.G.J. Absil, www.fransabsil.nl

f

f

c

c

g

g

d

d

a

a

b

b

f#

bb

bb

ebab

c# g# d#

a#

e

a e

C#m

G

A E B

C#Bbm

Bb

G#m Ebm

Em

Em

Bm

Cm

Am

Am

Gm

Fm

F

Dm

BbDm

D

Cm

C

C

Ab

Eb

Eb

Ab

B1: (V)-IV-bVII-bII-V

B2: (ii)-IV-bVI-bII-III-VI-I-IV-V-I

A2: I-V-vi-iii-IV-VI-ii

C: vi-IV-I-VI-III-bII-bVI-ii-V-I

A1: I-V-I-vi-VI-V

Rosenkavalier Variation CueTonnetz path around G

diatonic axis

symmetric roots (3i)chromatic mediants

symmetric roots (4i)chromatic mediants'Giant Steps'

f

f

c

c

g

g

d

d

a

a

b

b

f#

bb

bb

ebab

c# g# d#

a#

e

a e

C#m

G

A E B

C#Bbm

Bb

G#m Ebm

Em

Em

Bm

Cm

Am

Am

Gm

Fm

F

Dm

BbDm

D

Cm

C

C

Ab

Eb

Eb

Ab

B1: (V)-IV-bVII-bII-V

B2: (ii)-IV-bVI-bII-III-VI-I-IV-V-I

A2: I-V-vi-iii-IV-VI-ii

C: vi-IV-I-VI-III-bII-bVI-ii-V-I

A1: I-V-I-vi-VI-V

Rosenkavalier Variation CueTonnetz path around G

diatonic axis

symmetric roots (3i)chromatic mediants

symmetric roots (4i)chromatic mediants'Giant Steps'

Page 16: ROSENKAVALIER: WALTZING WITH GIANT STEPSsymmetric harmony system is illustrated with diagrams and score examples, both for the original waltz and for a short new composition that demonstrates

ROSENKAVALIER: WALTZING WITH GIANT STEPS

16

©2021 F.G.J. Absil, www.fransabsil.nl

� � � �

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� � ���� �� ��

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pizz.

Allegretto misterioso = 104

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WW

BRS

STR

GCel

Vi1/2

Harp/Vc/CB

Va

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1 2 3 4

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WW

BRS

STR

G D G D Em Em

Cl

Harp

Vi2

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5 6 7 8

Waltzing with R

©2021 F.G.J. Absil, www.fransabsil.nl

Frans Absil

Reduced score of Waltzing with R, composition based on extendedchord progression with diatonic and symmetric harmony. Orchestral cuewith instrumental forms for woodwind, brass, strings and percussion.

Page 17: ROSENKAVALIER: WALTZING WITH GIANT STEPSsymmetric harmony system is illustrated with diagrams and score examples, both for the original waltz and for a short new composition that demonstrates

ROSENKAVALIER: WALTZING WITH GIANT STEPS

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2 Waltzing with R

Page 18: ROSENKAVALIER: WALTZING WITH GIANT STEPSsymmetric harmony system is illustrated with diagrams and score examples, both for the original waltz and for a short new composition that demonstrates

ROSENKAVALIER: WALTZING WITH GIANT STEPS

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3Waltzing with R

Page 19: ROSENKAVALIER: WALTZING WITH GIANT STEPSsymmetric harmony system is illustrated with diagrams and score examples, both for the original waltz and for a short new composition that demonstrates

ROSENKAVALIER: WALTZING WITH GIANT STEPS

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Page 20: ROSENKAVALIER: WALTZING WITH GIANT STEPSsymmetric harmony system is illustrated with diagrams and score examples, both for the original waltz and for a short new composition that demonstrates

ROSENKAVALIER: WALTZING WITH GIANT STEPS

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Page 21: ROSENKAVALIER: WALTZING WITH GIANT STEPSsymmetric harmony system is illustrated with diagrams and score examples, both for the original waltz and for a short new composition that demonstrates

ROSENKAVALIER: WALTZING WITH GIANT STEPS

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Page 22: ROSENKAVALIER: WALTZING WITH GIANT STEPSsymmetric harmony system is illustrated with diagrams and score examples, both for the original waltz and for a short new composition that demonstrates

ROSENKAVALIER: WALTZING WITH GIANT STEPS

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7Waltzing with R

(Full score available on the website.)

Page 23: ROSENKAVALIER: WALTZING WITH GIANT STEPSsymmetric harmony system is illustrated with diagrams and score examples, both for the original waltz and for a short new composition that demonstrates

ROSENKAVALIER: WALTZING WITH GIANT STEPS

23

©2021 F.G.J. Absil, www.fransabsil.nl