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Constitutional Law 2 Professor H. Harry Roque

University of the Philippines College of Law

The Bill of Rights I. Due Process Clause: Constitution ART III, Sec 1

A. Definition and Hierarchy PBM Employees v. PBM, 51 SCRA 189 (2 Bernas 423) Ermita Malate Hotel, Motel Assoc. v. City of Manila 20 SCRA 849 (2 Bernas 34) Who Protected Smith Bell and Natividad 40 Phil 163 Villegas v. Hui Chiong GR 112801 Meaning Life Teodoro v. Manalo GR 186050 (2011) Pestaño v. GRP-Human Rights Committee CCPR/C/98/D/1619/2007 Marcellana v. Republic of the Philippines UNHRC CCPR/C/94/D/1560/2007 Buck v. Bell 274 US 200 Liberty Rubi v. Provincial Board of Mindoro 39 Phil 660 Property Torroco v. Thompson 263 US 197 Exclusion Nunez v. Averia 57 SCRA 726 Crespo v. Provincial Board 16 SCRA 66 JMM Promotion v. CA GR 120095 1996 Pedro v. Rizal 53 Phil 123 Libanan v. Sandiganbayan 233 SCRA 163

B. Aspects of Due Process Police Power Kwongsing v. City of Manila 41 Phil 103 Yu Eng Cong v. Trinidad 271 US 500 Layno v. Sandiganbayan 136 SCRA 536 Deloso v. Sandiganbayan 173 SCRA 409 Procedural Impartal Court Javier v. COMELEC 144 SCRA 194 Galman v. Sandiganbayan 144 SCRA 43 Marcos v. Sandiganbayan GR 126995 (1998) Rivera v. Civil Service 240 SCRA 43 Banco Español Filipino v. Palanca 37 Phil. 921 (2 Bernas 4) Ang Tibay v. CIR 69 Phil. 635 (2 Bernas 6) PHILCOMSAT v. Alcuaz 180 SCRA 218 (2 Bernas 8) Ateneo v. CA 145 SCRA 106 Alcuaz v. PSBA 161 SCRA 7

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Non v. Judge Dames 185 SCRA 523 (2 Bernas 14) Goldberg v. Kelly 397 US 254 (1970) Bell v. Burson 402 US 535 (1971) UP v. Hon. Ligot-Telan 227 SCRA 342 DBP v. NLRC 183 SCRA 328 Estrada v. Sandiganbayan 369 SCRA 394 Jurisdiction Ynot v. IAC 148 SCRA 659 (2 Bernas 21) Eastern Broadcasting v. Dans 137 SCRA 628 (2 Bernas 261) Tatad v. Sandiganbayan 159 SCRA 70 Gonzales v. SCS 226 SCRA 66 C. “Old” Substantive Due Process: Protection for Property Interests Calder v. Bull 3 US (3 Dall.) 386 (1978) Lochner v. New York 198 US 48 (1905) People v. Pomar 46 Phil 440 NDC and AGRIX v. Phil Veterans 192 SCRA 257 (2 Bernas 48) People v. Nazario 165 SCRA 182 (2 Bernas 41) Balacuit v. CFI 163 SCRA 182 (2 Bernas 41) Agustin v. Edu 88 SCRA 195 (2 Bernas 43) D. “New” Substantive Due Process: Protection for “Liberty” interests in Privacy Warren and Brandeis, The Right to Privacy, 4 Harv. L. Rev. 193 (1890) Cortes I., Constitutional Foundations of Privacy, in Emerging Trends in Law (1983), pp 1-70 Olmstead v. US (Brandeis Dissent) 277 US 438 Skinner v. Oklahoma 316 US 535 (1942) Griswold v. Connecticut 381 US 479 (1965) Eisenstatd v. Baird 405 US 438 Poe v. Ullman 367 US 479 Roe v. Wade 410 US 113 (1973) Bowers and Hardwick 106 S. Ct. 2841 (1986) Lawrence v. Texas 02-0102 (26 June 2003) Board of Education v. Earls 01-332 (27 June 2002) Ople v. Torres 141 SCRA 293 Bayan Muna v. Ermita, GR 167930 (2006) Duncan Assoc v. Glaxo Welcome GR 162994, (17 September 2004) David v. Arroyo 489 SCRA 160 E. Protected Interests in Property Mere “Regulation” under the Due Process Clause versus “Taking” of Property via the Power of Eminent Domain Churchill v. Rafferty 32 Phil 580 (2 Bernas 26) US v. Toribio 15 Phil 85 (2 Bernas 19) Constitution ART III, sec. 9 People v. Fajardo 100 Phil 443 (2 Bernas 639) Ynot v. CA supra US v. Causby 328 US 256 (2 Bernas 636) Republic v. PLDT 26 SCRA 620 (2 Bernas 639) Republic v. Castelvi 58 SCRA 336 (2 Bernas 627) Bel-Air Association v. IAC 176 SCRA 719

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EPZA v. Dulay 149 SCRA 305 (2 Bernas 655) NPC v. CA 129 SCRA 665 (2 Bernas 655) “Takings” under Eminent Domain versus “Takings” under the Social Justice Clause De Knecht v. Bautista 100 SCRA 660 (2 Bernas 666) Republic v. De Knecht 182 SCRA 441 (2 Bernas 671) Manotok v. NHA 150 SCRA 89 (2 Bernas 674) Ermita Malate Hotel Association v. City of Manila supra Constitution ART III, sec 1 and 4 Assoc. of Small Landowners v. Sec. of Agrarian Reform 175 SCRA 343 (2 Bernas 990) Sumulong v. Guerrero 154 SCRA 461 (2 Bernas 650) City Government v. Judge Ericta 122 SCRA 759 (2 Bernas 631) Luz Farms v. Secretary 192 SCRA 51 (2 Bernas 1101) Cariday v. CA (Guttierez J, Dissenting) 176 SCRA 31 RA 7279, Urban Development and Housing Act of 1992, March 24, 1992

II. Equal Protection Clause

Constitution ART III, sec 1 Constitution ART II, sec 14 and 22 Constitution ART IV Constitution ART XII, sec 2 and 14.2 Ormoc Sugar Company, Inc. v. Treasurer of Ormoc City 22 SCRA 603 (2 Bernas 78) Dumlao v. COMELEC 96 SCRA 392 (2 Bernas 72) People v. Cayat 68 Phil 12 (2 Bernas 58) Ichong v. Hernandez 101 Phil 1155 (2 Bernas 61) Korematsu v. US 323 US 214 (1944) Plessy v. Ferguson 163 US 537 (1896) University of California v. Bakke 438 US 265 (1978) Gratz v. Bollinger/Grutter v. Bollinger 02-516 (23 June 2003) Bradwell v. Illinois 83 US 103 (1873) Goesart v. Cleary 335 US 464 (1948) (2 Bernas 76) Geduldig v. Aiello 417 US 484 (1974) Mississippi Univ. School for Women v. Hogan 458 US 718 (1982) Michael M. v. Superior Court 450 US 464 (1981) Personnel Administrator v. Feeney 442 US 256 (1979) Yick Wo v. Hopkins 118 US 365 (1886) Fragrante v. City and County of Honolulu 888 F. 2d 591(1989) Fragrante v. City and County of Honolulu 110 S. Ct. 1811 (1990) Defensor-Santiago, The New Equal Protection, 58 Phil. L. J. 1 (March 1983) International School Alliance v. Quisumbing 33 SCRA 14 (June 2000) Board of Directors v. Rotary Club 481 US 537 Boy Scouts of America v. Dale No. 99-699 (28 June 2000) Sombilon v. Romulo, GR 176051 (2009) Goodridge v. Dept. of Public Health 440 Mass 309, 793 NE 2d 941 (18 Nov 2003) Tecson v. COMELEC GR 161434 (2004)

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III. Freedom of Expression: Constitution ART III, sec 4

A. Protected Speech Prior Restraint Near v. Minnesota 238 US 697 (2 Bernas 238) New York Times v. US 403 US 713 (2 Bernas 243) Freedman v. Maryland 380 US 551 (2 Bernas 251) Subsequent Punishment People v. Perez 45 Phil 599 (2 Bernas 288) Dennis v. US 341 US 494 (2 Bernas 290) Abrams v. US 250 US 616 (1919) Eastern Broadcasting v. Dans supra “Speech Plus”: Symbolic Speech Us v. O'Brien 391 US 367 (1968) Tinker v. Des Moines School District 393 US 503 (1969) Texas v. Johnson 491 US 397 (1989) Assembly and Petition Primicias v. Fugoso (Hilado, Dissent) 80 Phil 78 Navarro v. Villegas 31 SCRA 731 (2 Bernas 423) PBM Employees v. PBM 51 SCRA 189 (2 Bernas 425) JBL Reyes v. Bagatsing 125 SCRA 553 (2 Bernas 430) Malabanan v. Ramento 129 SCRA 359 (2 Bernas 437) IBP Cadiz, Roque, Butuyan v. Atienza, GR 172591 Free Speech and Suffrage Gonzalez v. COMELEC 27 SCRA 835 (2 Bernas 296) Sandidad v. COMELEC 181 SCRA 529 (2 Bernas 304) National Press Club v. COMELEC 207 SCRA 1 (2 Bernas 307) Adiong v. COMELEC 207 SCRA 712 (2 Bernas 317) Chavez v. Gonzales 32 SCRA 547 Use of Private Property as a forum for others’ Speech Pruneyard Shopping Center v. Robbins 447 US 74 (1980) B. Unprotected Speech Defamatory Speech Policarpio v. Manila Times 5 SCRA 148 (2 Bernas 343) Lopez v. CA 34 SCRA 116 (2 Bernas 345) New York Times v. Sullivan 376 US 254 (2 Bernas 350) Rosenbloom v. Metromedia 403 US 29 (2 Bernas 355) Ayer Production v. Judge Capulong 160 SCRA 865 (2 Bernas 254) Soliven v. Makasiar 167 SCRA 394 (2 Bernas 147) Adonis v. The Philippines CCPR/C/103/D/1815/2008 Guingguing v. CA 471 SCRA 196 US v. Bustos 37 Phil 371 Borjal v. CA 301 SCRA 1 Vasquez v. CA GR 118971 (1999) Garrison v. Louisiana 379 US 64 Curtis Publishing Co. v. Butts 388 US 130 In Re: IML v. Utah No. 20010159 (15 Nov 2002) Fermin v. People GR 157643 (2008) Diaz v. People GR 159787 (2007)

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“Fighting Words”, Offensive Words Chaplinsky v. New Hampshire 315 US 568 (1942) Cohen v. California 403 US 15 (1971) Islamic Da’wah v. Court of Appeals GR 80892 (1989) Obsecenity Roth v. US 354 US 476 (1957) Miller v. California 37 L. Ed. 2d 419 (1973) (2 Bernas 368) Gonzalez v. Kalaw Katigbak 137 SCRA 717 (2 Bernas 377) Pita v. CA 178 SCRA 362 (2 Bernas 381) Reno v. ACLU 521 US 844 (26 June 1997) Ashcroft v. ACLU No. 00-1293 (13 May 2002)

IV. Church and State: The Wall of Separation

Constitution ART II, sec 6 Constitution ART III, sec 5 Constitution ART VI, sec 29(2)

A. Establishment Clause Aglipay v. Ruiz 63 Phil 201 (2 Bernas 444)

Garces v. Estenzo 104 SCRA 510 (2 Bernas 446) Lemon v. Kurtzman 403 US 602 (2 Bernas 464) Board of Education v. Allen 392 US 236 (2 Bernas 459) County of Allegheny v. ACLU 57 LW 5045 (2 Bernas 482) in rel to Lynch v. Donnely 465 US 668 (1984) Epperson v. Arkansas 393 US 97 (1968) School District v. Schempp 374 US 203 (2 Bernas 449) Engel v. Vitale 370 US 421 (1962) Tilton v. Richardson 403 US 672 (2 Bernas 470) Newdow v. US Congress No. 00-16423, 9

th Cir., June 26, 2002

(amended Feb 28, 2003) Glassroth v. Moore 335 F.3d 1282 (11

th Cir. 2003)

Martin v. Corporation of the Presiding Bishop 434 Mass. 141, 727 N.E. 2d 131 Free Exercise Clause American Bible Society v. City 101 Phil 386 (2 Bernas 515) Gerona v. Secretary of Education 106 Phil 2 (2 Bernas 518) Ebralinag v. Division Superintendent 219 SCRA 256 (2 Bernas 518) Newdow v. US Congress 00-16423 (26 June 2002) Anucension v. NLU 80 SCRA 350 Iglecia ni Cristo v. CA 259 SCRA 529 (26 July 1996) Pamil v. Teleron 86 SCRA 413 (2 Bernas 533) McDaniel v. Paty 435 US 618 (2 Bernas 542) German v. Barangan 135 SCRA 514 Cantwell v. Connecticut 310 US 163 (2 Bernas 512) Commonwealth v. Twitchell 416 Mass. 114 (1993) Cassius Clay v. US 403 US 698 (1971) Estrada v. Escritor 492 SCRA 1 B. Unusual Religious Beliefs and Practices Wisconsin v. Yoder 406 US 205 (2 Bernas 524) US v. Ballard 380 US 163 (1965) US v. Seeger 380 US 163 (1965)

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Clay v. US supra

V. Academic Freedom

Background Reading: Byrne, Academic Freedom: A “Special Concern” of the First Amendment, 99 Yale L.J. 25 (1989) Constitution ART XIV, sec 1 and 5(2) Garcia v. Faculty Admission Committee 68 SCRA 277 (2 Bernas 1076) Isabelo v. Perpetual Help 227 SCRA 591 Reyes v. CA 194 SCRA 402 (2 Bernas 1084) UP v. CA 218 SCRA 728 (9 February 1993) DECS v. San Diego 180 SCRA 534 (2 Bernas 1054) Tablarin v. Guttierrez 154 SCRA 730 Non v. Judge Dames supra Alcuaz v. PSBA supra

VI. Protected Interests in Liberty

A. Non-Impairment of Obligations and Contracts Background Reading: Padilla IV-A CIVIL LAW 11-42 (1988) Discussion of ART 1306 Constitution ART III, sec 10 Civil Code ART 1306 Home Builders and Loan Association v. Blaisdell 290 US 398 (2 Bernas 684) Rutter v. Esteban 93 Phil 68 (2 Bernas 690) Ortigas v. Feati 94 SCRA 533 (2 Bernas 702 Juarez v. CA 214 SCRA 475 (2 Bernas 706) Caleon v. Agus Development 207 SCRA 748 B. Involuntary Servitude Rubi v. Provincial Board of Mindoro supra Kaisahan v. Gotamco 80 Phil 521 C. Imprisonment for Non-Payment of Debt Constitution ART III, sec 20 Lozano v. Martinez 146 SCRA 323 (2 Bernas 876) D. Right Against Self-Incrimination US v. Navarro 3 Phil 143 (2 Bernas 844) Villaflor v. Summers 41 Phil 62 (2 Bernas 848) Beltran v. Samson 53 Phil 570 (2 Bernas 851) Cabal v. Kapunan 6 SCRA 1059 (2 Bernas 861) Bengzon v. Senate Blue Ribbon Committee 203 SCRA 767 Galman v. Pamaran 138 SCRA 294 E. Unlawful Search and Seizure Stonehill v. Diokno 20 SCRA 383 (2 Bernas 120) Katz v. US 394 US 347 Terry v. Ohio 392 US 1 People v. Marti Nala v. Barroso Jr, GR NO. 153087 August 7, 2003 Lim v. Felix 194 SCRA 292 Alvarez v. CFI 64 Phil 33

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Bache & Co. v. Ruiz 37 SCRA 823 Burgos, Sr. v. Chief of Staff 133 SCRA 800 Roan v. Gonzales 145 SRA 687 Nolasco v. Pano 1 39 SCRA 152, 147 SCRA 509 People v. Malmstedt, 198 SCRA 401 People v. Aminudin 163 SCRA 402 People v. Burgos 144 SCRA 1 Chimel v. California 395 US 752 Manilil v. Court of Appeals 280 SCRA 400 Malacat v. Court of Appeals 283 SCRA 159 Papa v. Mago 22 SCRA 657 People v. Aruta 288 SCRA 620 Aniag v. COMELEC 237 SCRA 424 Valmonte v. de Villa 178 SCRA 211, 185 SCRA 665 In Re Umil et al v. Ramos 187 SCRA 311 People v. Mengote 210 SCRA 174 People v. Manlulu 22 April SCRA 159

VII. Scope of Constitutional Protection

A. Who are entitled to Constitutional Protection Citizenship and Alienage Constitution ART IV Board of Commissioners (CID) v. Dela Rosa, et al 197 SCRA 853 Qua Chee Gan v. Deportation Board 9 SCRA 27 Harvey v. Defensor-Santiago 162 SCRA 840 (2 Bernas 210) Yu v. Defensor-Santiago 169 SCRA 364 (2 Bernas 945) Labo v. COMELEC 176 SCRA 1 (2 Bernas 952) Aznar v. COMELEC 185 SRA 703 (2 Bernas 957) Juridical Persons Stonehill v. Diokno, supra Central Bank v. Morfe 20 SCRA 507 (2 Bernas 957) B. Who are subject to Constitutional Prohibitions State Action Requirement People v. Marti 193 SRA 57 (2 Bernas 226) Pruneyard Shopping Center v. Robbins supra in relation to. Borjal v. CA supra