Roots of The Roots of The Cold War 1945-Cold War 1945-

19491949

A/ Two opposed systemsA/ Two opposed systems

The theory…The theory…

In 1946, Winston Churchill warned the Americans In 1946, Winston Churchill warned the Americans against the dangers of communism:against the dangers of communism:

-March 1946 Fulton

-Iron Curtain speech

1-Introduce the document

2-Who is Churchill?

3-What was the Iron curtain?

4- Why are the East side and the West side drawn differently?

B/ The American intervention in B/ The American intervention in post-war Europe…post-war Europe…

1) The Truman doctrine…1) The Truman doctrine…

The Truman Doctrine in March 1947 promised that the USA “would support free peoples who are resisting subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures”.

No “Roll back” at first

•It signalled the end of “isolationist” policies.

Roosevelt’s vice-president

1-Identify the source

2-What does Truman mean when he refers to « violation of the Yalta agreement »?

3-What are according to him the two alternative ways of life in the world in 1945. Explain them.

4-Why does he suggest economic intervention?

5- Is this document biased?

2) The Marshall Plan was the 2) The Marshall Plan was the economic extension of this economic extension of this doctrinedoctrine

-Containment / European Recovery Program through the OEEC 1948

-Marshall was secretary of state

1-Introduce the Document

2-Describe this poster

3-Why was this economic help needed?

4-Weren’t any political motives behind the Marshall Plan?

3) NATO was the military 3) NATO was the military alliance of the Westalliance of the West

1949

North Atlantic Treaty Organization

Aimed at defending against communist aggression

C/ The Soviet replyC/ The Soviet reply

1) The Jdanov doctrine1) The Jdanov doctrine

His doctrine denounced the Americans as imperialist while presenting the USSR as anti-imperialist and pro democracy

Head of the ministry of propaganda and culture

2) The COMECON2) The COMECON

Reply to Marshall Plan

1949 part of the Molotov plan

Offered economic aid to Soviet « satellites » (people’s democracies) and help to co-ordinate their economic policies

3) The KOMINFORM3) The KOMINFORMReply to Marshall Plan

1949 To draw together European communist parties to make sure they respected guidelines provided by the CPSU

4) The WARSAW PACT4) The WARSAW PACTReply to NATO

1955 To prevent any Western attack

CONSEQUENCE

D/ The USSR tightened its grip D/ The USSR tightened its grip on Eastern Europeon Eastern Europe

1-Introduce the document

2-How is Western Europe depicted?

3-What does the bear symbolize?

SOME USEFUL DATES:When the countries became people’s democracies-Bulgaria 1946-Albania 1946-Poland 1947-Romania 1947-Czechoslovakia 1948-Hungary 1949

Conclusion

1949 Bipolar World

Balance of terror

Arm race

LOTS OF CRISIS … see next lectures !