Root words

Form the main part of a word, provide the basic meaning of the word

Joined along with some other letters to form different words which have related meanings

Arabic words have three letter roots and rarely four or five letter roots

Always maintain their order / specific arrangement.

Why know the Roots ?

To know the translation of the word To analyze the word

To use the Arabic dictionary one must know the root of the word

TO Pass the tests

Eat

eating eats eaten eatable

Masdar

Root

branching words

Topic : 2

Huroof Illat (Missing/Chilling Letters)

Huroof Illat• Alif• Waaw• Yaa

Huroof Illat

You can call them sick letters - weak letters They get tired easily So when they appear in Roots , they may

Be Present Or Absent Or send another weak letter in their place

ل وق speech

لاق He said

لويق He says قلSay !

Changed

dropped

Present

Huroof Illat :

can be the first radical For Example : ن ي ق ونوقني

can be the second radical For Example: م وق ونقيمي

can be the third Radical For Example: د يه    د�ٱ ناه�

Can there be more than one defective letters in one Root?

Yes there can be

Example : Surah Al Baqarah : 2

ن�  دي � ن م� ه� ل� يق و

Meat of the matter is

• Normal Root words You just need to recognize them

• Root words with defective letters You have to learn them

More Examples

• Let’s give some examples!

The Double Lettered Root Word….

The Double Lettered Root word….• In Some Root words the Second and Third Radical are

identical• In Such cases the second radical will have shaddah

• Example : The word رب is from root رب ب

In other words…

• Shaddah means “The Letter is twice”

Other Examples….

• ينضال• يمدهم • صم• ربه 

Keep in mind ….

• Not every shaddah means identical root letters.• For Example :

ر ر بش ش ب