Main Idea : We will see just how Rome slowly destroyed the
Carthaginian Empire and took control of the entire Mediterranean
region.
Slide 3
ROME EXPANDS When you achieve victory, whether its in
academics, sports or some other field do you then strive for more
success? This may have been exactly how the Romans felt once they
had taken over Italylets continue the story and see how they were
able to expand their power
Slide 4
ROME EXPANDS While Rome developed its government it also faced
challenges abroad. Abroad Visiting or living In a foreign country
or out of your own country.
Slide 5
ROME EXPANDS The Romans had completed their conquest in Italy
and now faced a powerful rival in the Mediterranean Sea. This enemy
was the state of Carthage, which was on the coast of North
Africa.
Slide 6
ROME EXPANDS Carthage ruled a great trading empire that
included parts of northern Africa and southern Europe. By
controlling the movement of goods in this region, Carthage made
itself the largest and richest city in the Mediterranean.
Slide 7
ROME EXPANDS
Slide 8
Remains of the Carthage Naval Base
Slide 9
THE FIRST PUNIC WAR! Both Cartage and Rome wanted control the
island of Sicily. In 264 B.C.E the dispute brought the two powers
to blowsthe War would be known as the First Punic War.
Slide 10
THE FIRST PUNIC WAR!
Slide 11
The war began when the Romans sent an army to Sicily to prevent
a Carthaginian take over. The Carthaginians, who already had
colonies on the island, were determined to stop the Roman
invasion.
Slide 12
THE FIRST PUNIC WAR! Up until then, the Romans had fought their
wars on land, however they soon realized they could not defeat a
sea power like Carthage without a navy. The Romans quickly built a
large fleet of ships and confronted the Carthaginians at sea.
Slide 13
THE FIRST PUNIC WAR! The war dragged on for more then 20
yearsfinally in 241 B.C.E., Rome Crushed their enemies navy off the
coast of Sicily. Carthage was forced to leave the island and pay a
huge fine to the RomansSicily had finally come under Roman
rule.
Slide 14
THE FIRST PUNIC WAR! Questions : What does the term abroad
mean? What was the name of Romes enemy that was also located on the
Mediterranean Sea? What island was the first Punic War fought over?
How did Carthage become so rich?
Slide 15
THE FIRST PUNIC WAR! Questions : What does the term abroad
mean? Visiting or living In a foreign country or out of your own
country What was the name of Romes enemy that was also located on
the Mediterranean Sea? Carthage What island was the first Punic War
fought over? Sicily How did Carthage become so rich? They built a
large trading empire along the Mediterranean Sea
Slide 16
THE SECOND PUNIC WAR! To make up for its loss of Sicily,
Carthage expanded its empire into southern Spain. Roman leaders
were not happy about Carthage gaining land in Europe, especially
west of Italy.
Slide 17
THE SECOND PUNIC WAR! They came up with a planRome began
helping the people of Spain rebel against Carthage. Of course, the
Carthaginians were angry at this move by Romethey sent their
greatest general, Hannibal to attack Rome in 218 B.C.E.
Slide 18
THE SECOND PUNIC WAR! Hannibal - was the leader of the military
forces of Carthage that fought against Rome in the Second Punic
War. Hannibal, who almost overpowered Rome, was considered Rome's
greatest enemy His father, Hamilcar Barca, was the leading
Carthaginian commander during the First Punic War.
Slide 19
THE SECOND PUNIC WAR! Hannibals strategy was to take the
fighting into Italy itself. To do this, Hannibal gathered an army
of about 100,000 men, thousands of horses and of course 38
elephants.
Slide 20
THE SECOND PUNIC WAR! He would have taken more elephants,
however there is a serious issue when using elephants in battle
Elephants have a gluttonous appetite... an adult male African
elephant eats some 400 pounds of vegetation a day!
Slide 21
THE SECOND PUNIC WAR! Hannibal landed his forces in Spain and
then marched east towards Rome to attack. Even before reaching
Italy, Hannibal's forces suffered severe losses crossing the steep,
snowy Alps into Italy.
Slide 22
THE SECOND PUNIC WAR!
Slide 23
The Alps are the highest mountain system in Europe they stretch
across the western and southern part of the continent in a broad
arc. The mountain range starts near the Mediterranean Sea on the
border between France and Italy, then it curves north and eastward
through northern Italy and Switzerland.
Slide 24
THE SECOND PUNIC WAR!
Slide 25
The brutal cold, gnawing hunger and attacks by mountain tribes
killed almost half of Hannibal's soldiers and most of the
elephants. The remaining army, however, was still a powerful
fighting force when they reached Italy.
Slide 26
THE SECOND PUNIC WAR! The Romans suffered a sever loss on
August 2nd 216 B.C.E. at the Battle of Cannae in southern Italy The
Battle of Cannae is regarded as one of the greatest tactical feats
in military history and in numbers killedit is the second greatest
defeat of the Roman Republic.
Slide 27
THE SECOND PUNIC WAR! Here are the numbers: Carthage: Lead by :
Hannibal Number of Soldiers : 54,000 infantry Rome: Lead by: Gaius
Varro and Lucius Paullus Number of Soldiers : 87,000 infantry
Slide 28
THE SECOND PUNIC WAR! Various accounts of the Battle of Cannae
show that 50,000-70,000 of the Romans were killed, with 3,500-4,500
taken prisoner. Hannibal's army suffered around 6,000 killed and
10,000 wounded. (Roman Onanger Catapult)
Slide 29
THE SECOND PUNIC WAR! Its clear that the Romans suffered a
severe loss, even though Hannibals army was outnumbered, it over
powered the Roman force and began raiding much of Italy. The
Romans, however raised another army.
Slide 30
THE SECOND PUNIC WAR! In 202 B.C.E. a Roman force led by a
general named Cornelius Scipio invaded Carthage. Hannibal, who was
waging war in Italy, had no choice but to return home to defend his
people.
Slide 31
THE SECOND PUNIC WAR! At the battle of Zama, Scipios troops
defeated the Carthaginians and Carthage officially gave up Spain to
Rome, gave up their navy and paid an enormous fine to Rome. The
Battle of Zama, marked the final and decisive end of the Second
Punic War...a Roman army led by Cornelius Scipio defeated a
Carthaginian force led by the legendary commander Hannibal
Slide 32
THE SECOND PUNIC WAR! Rome now had complete control over the
Mediterranean Sea. While Carthage was no longer a military power,
it remained a trading center.
Slide 33
THE SECOND PUNIC WAR! In 146 B.C.E. Rome had finally destroyed
its greatest rival in what would be known as the Third Punic War.
Roman soldiers burned Carthage to the ground and enslaved 50,000
men, women and children.
Slide 34
THE SECOND PUNIC WAR! Legend says that the Romans, to make sure
that Carthage would never rise again, salted the farmland of the
city. Spreading salt all over the soil ensured that no crops would
ever grow there again.
Slide 35
THE SECOND PUNIC WAR! During the Punic Wars, Rome successfully
battled states in the eastern MediterraneanRomans began to called
this area Mare Nostrum which means Our Sea . Greece, Macedonia and
parts of Asia were all conquered by the superior Roman Legion.
Slide 36
THE SECOND PUNIC WAR! Questions : How many Punic Wars were
there? Who was Hannibal? What odd animal did Hannibal use to fight
the Romans and what was their flaw? What happened to Carthage
during the Third Punic War?
Slide 37
THE SECOND PUNIC WAR! Questions : How many Punic Wars were
there? Three Who was Hannibal? He was the leader of the military
forces of Carthage What odd animal did Hannibal use to fight the
Romans and what was their flaw? Elephants, consumed to much food
What happened to Carthage during the Third Punic War? Burned to the
ground and the farmland was salted
Slide 38
THE SECOND PUNIC WAR! Critical Thinking Questions : Answer the
following questions in a well thought out paragraph. 1 ) What does
Mare Nostrum mean and why did the Romans use the term? 2 ) Where
was Carthage located and why did it compete with Rome?
