Romanial Lesson Unit 3 (1)

8/14/2019 Romanial Lesson Unit 3 (1)

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Verbs/Verbele

The Romanian verb has three main tenses in the indicative, i.e. the present tense, the past

tense (compound past, simple past tense, past continuous tense and past perfect) and the

future tense (with three forms and a future in the past tense). In the subjunctive, the

presumptive and the conditional it has a present and a past tense.

Indicative

The present tenseConjugation 1

Verbs belonging to conjugation 1 end in -ain the infinitive.

Many verbs in Romanian belong to this conjugation: a cra (to carry), a spla (to wash), a

aduna (to add), a asculta(to listen), a termina (to finish), a cnta (to sing), a ntreba (to ask),

a discuta (to discuss), a accepta (to accept), a ierta (to forgive), a supra (to upset), a se

muta (to move), etc.

A dansato dance

Eu dansez

Tu dansezi

El/ea danseaz

Noi dansm

Voi dansai

Ei ele danseaz

Conjugation 2

Verbs belonging to conjugation 2 end in -ea in the infinitive.

Here are some examples of verbs from this conjugation: a vedea (to see), aprea (to seem),

a aprea (to appear), a zcea (to lie down), a tcea (to keep quiet).a supraveghea: a

desperechea (to separate, i.e. a pair), a mperechea (to pair up), a ngenunchea (to kneel), a

veghea (to guard, to keep vigil).


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A vedea-to see

Eu vd

Tu vezi

El/ea vede

Noi vedem

Voi vedei

Ei/ele vd

Conjugation 3

Verbs belonging to conjugation 3 end in -ein the infinitive .

More verbs belonging to this conjugation are: a ncepe (to start), a concepe (to conceive), a

aterne (to lay),a trece (to pass), a vinde (to sell), a strbate (to ramble), a aparine (to

belong), a ine (to keep), a arde (to burn), a prinde (to catch), a terge (to wipe), a trage (to

pull), a rspunde (to answer), a plnge (to cry), a rde (to laugh), a scrie (towrite), a zice (to

say), a deschide (to open), a nchide (to close).

A plnge-to cry

Eu plng

Tu plngi

El/ea plnge

Noi plngem

Voi plngei

Ei/ele plng


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Conjugation 4

The verbs belonging to conjugation 3 end in - and I in the infinitive.

Here are some more examples: - :a vr (to thrust), a pogor (to descend), a dobor (to knock

down), a omor (to kill)

A omor-to kill

Eu omor

Tu omori

El/ea omoar

Noi omorm

Voi omori

Ei/ele omoar

More examples of verbs ending in i : a acoperi (to cover), a descoperi (to discover), a referi(to refer), a suferi (to suffer), a oferi (to offer).

The negative present tense

The negative form in the present is formed by placing the word nu in front of the verb: nu

mnnc (I dont eat), nu bei (you dont drink), nu viseaz (he oesnt dream), nu iubim (we

dont love), nu uri (you dont hate), nu pleac (they dont go).

Irregular verbs

There are a number of irregular verbs which are listed below:

a fi a avea a vrea a da a sta

(to be) (to have) (to want) (to give) (to stay)

sunt am vreau dau stau

eti ai vrei dai stai

este are vrea d st

suntem avem vrem dm stm


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suntei avei vrei dai stai

sunt au vor dau stau

The past tense./Trecut

The compound past

The compound past is constructed with the aid of the auxiliary verb a avea (to have) in a

shortened form: am, ai, a, am, ai, au followed by thepast participle.

To dance-a dans+at a Manca A face-To do +ut =fac+ut fcut

A plang-s-:a plans

Eu (am) dansat

Tu (ai) dansat

El/ea a dansat

Noi am dansat

Voi ai dansat

Ei /ele au dansat

A manca

There are six types of past participle, distinguished according to their

ending:

-at

For verbs belonging to conjugations 1 , the past participle ends in -at, which is added to the

root of the infinitive: a mnca mncat, a pleca plecat, a intra intrat, a lucra lucrat, a

persevera perseverat etc.

-ut

For verbs belonging to conjugations 3-e the past participle ends in

-ut,

which is added to the root of the infinitive: a tcea tcut, a cdea czut,


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a bea but, a vedea vzut, a plcea plcut, a face fcut, a trece

trecut, a ine inut.

-s

A plnge plns, a merge mers, a duce dus, a rde rs.

-t

a rupt rupt, a coace copt, a frige fript.

For verbs belonging to conjugations 4 the past participle ends in

-it:

a acoperi acoperit, a referi referit, a adormi adormit, a fugi fugit,

a citi citit, a mri mrit.

A acoper+it -to cover

-t

a cobor cobort, a omor omort, a hotr hotrt, a pr prt.

-at the beg , at the end of the word

-in the midlle

a omor-t

The negative compound past

The negative form in the compound past is formed by placing the word nuin front of the

auxiliary.

NU+verb at the past

Perfectul compus


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Imperfect

For the verbs ending both in a and - we form the imperfect by adding a set of endings to

the root of the infinitive am, -ai, -a, -am, -ai, -au.

For verbs ending in -ea -e i, a separate set of endings apply: -eam, -eai, -ea, -eam, -eai, -eau.

Exception: verbs ending in -ui (a bnui, a sui, a restitui, a sudui, a ngdui) take the endings -

iam, -iai, -ia, -iam, -iai, -iau

Irregular verbs are fully conjugated here in the imperfect

A fi :

Eu eram

Tu erai

El/ea era

Noi eram

Voi erai

Ei/ele ereau

A avea:

Eu aveam

Tu aveai

El/ea aveau

Noi aveam

Voi aveai

Ei/ele aveau

The negative imperfect

The negative form is expressed by placing the word nu in front of the verb:

nu mergeam (I was not going), nu veneai (you were not coming), nu pleca (he was not

leaving).

Use:


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The imperfect is a narrative tense used in story-telling. It is translated either by a continuous

past or by a simple past.

The imperfect expresses an action in the past that is regarded as continuous, repetitive or

habitual. It is translated in English by a continuous past or by used to.

Simple past

The simple past is used to narrate (hence it is also known as past historic) especially with

speech verbs such as a zice (to say), a spune (to tell), a povesti (to narrate), a rspunde (to

answer), a ntreba (to ask). It is chiefly used in works of literature. In some regions in the

south-west of Romania (in Oltenia and to a lesser extent in Banat) it is also used in speech

instead of the compound past. In the rest of the country the use of the simple past carries

comic and ironic overtones.

The simple past is formed by adding endings to the stem of the past

participle:

Person Ending

eu -i

tu -i

el/ea -/-e/-se/

noi -rm

voi -ri

ei/ele -r

The negative simple past

The negative form consists of the word nu before the verb in the simple

past: nu fcui (I didnt do it), nu mersei (you didnt go), etc.

The negative pluperfect

The negative form is constructed by adding nu in front of the verb form: nu fcusem (I had

not done it), nu rsese (he had not laughed), e.g.


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nainte s ajungi tu la birou, nu fcusem deja cafeaua.I had already made the coffee before you arrived at the office.

Pn te-am ntlnit pe tine, nu fusesem niciodat aa defericit.

Before I met you, I had never been so happy

Future tense

The future in Romanian has three forms and two tenses. The three forms are called: type 1,

type 2 and type 3. The two tenses are the simple future and the future perfect.

The formal/literary future or type 1is formed with the following auxiliaries followedby a short infinitive: voi, vei, va, vom, vei, vor. The formal/literary future is used both

in spoken and in written formal Romanian.

Eg:voi pleca, vei pleca, va pleca, vom pleca, veti pleca, vor pleca.

Eg:voi fi, vei fi, va fi, vom fi, veti fi, vor fi

The colloquial future or type 2is used extensively in spoken Romanian and in informalwriting, including newspaper articles. It is formed with the subjunctive form of verbs

in the present preceded by the letter o+s

Eg: o s plec, o sa pleci, o s plece, o s plecm, o s plecai, o s plece

Eg:o s fiu, o s fi, o s fie, o s fim, o s fii, o s fie

The colloquial future or type 3is used extensively in spoken Romanian and in informalwriting, including newspaper articles. It is formed with the subjunctive form of verbs

in the present preceded by the letter am, ai,are, avem, avei, au +s

Eg: am s plec, ais pleci, are s plece, avem s plecm, avei s plecai, au s plece.

Eg:am s fiu, ai s fii, are s fie, avem s fi, avem s fii, au s fie.


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-do like me-f(a face) ca mine f la fel ca mine

-name-nume

-a game-joc

-lets play a game-hai s jucm un joc hai s facem un joc

Lets play-hai s ne jucm

cu mingea-with the ball

-please-te rog

-come (sg)-vino

-come(pl)-venii

Copii venii-Children come

Attenion-atenie

Pay attention-fii(pl) /fii(sg) ateni/atent

To me-la mine

Calm down/calmeaz-te(sg)/ calmai-v(pl)

Calm=calm

Dont fight to each other-nu v certai

Dont let the baloon touch the ground=nu lsai balonul s ating pamntul

Dont let the ballon fall-nu lsai balonul s cad

To fall-a cdea

Ballon-balon

Ball-minge

Pink-roz

Circle-cerc

Lets stay in a circle-Hai s stm n cerc

Each of you-fiecare(dintre voi)


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To say-a spune

Write- a scrie

Paper-hrtie

Piece-bucat

Bucat de hrtie-piece of paper

Scriei-v numele pe o bucat de hrtie

Repeat-repetai

Move/micare moves/micri

Collegue-coleg

Swich places/s schimbai

Places/locuri

Swich places-schimbai locurile

When-cnd

Schimbai locurile cnd v spunem noi

To drawn-a desena

---Hai s desenm-lets ....

You need to-trebuie s


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One near to the other-unul langa altul

Lets stay one...to the other-s staiCome-venii

Name-nume

Ball-minge

Run-alerga

Alergai run (pl)

Lets run- hai s alergm

Run-a alerga

Lets catch-s prindem.

Catch-a prinde

Behave pl-fii cumini

Behave sg-fii cuminte

Dance-dans

Lets dance-s dansm

Gata-

Dont beat each other-nu v batei

Dont fight-nu v certai


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Lisen-ascultai

Silence-linite

Please-te/v rog

Faster-mai repede

Slower-mai ncet

Lets have fun-hai s ne distram

Fun game-joc distractiv

Baloon/s-balon/baloane

Children-copii

Documents

Romanial Lesson Unit 3 (1)