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Government
• The Roman government was a republic.• In a republic, citizens can choose their leaders.
Rome vs. GreeceRoman republic• only men with
money and property could vote.
• the wealthy elected representatives to make laws for everyone.
Greek democracy• all male citizens
could vote• voted on every
law
Roman Government
• Romans did not want one man to make all of the laws, so they decided to balance the power of the government between three branches.
1. The Executive Branch• The two leaders of the executive branch, the consuls, were elected for
just one year by the upper class• They supervised the Senate and
ordered the Roman army during wars.
• Other members of the executive branch were the tax collectors,
mayors, city police, and other people in positions of power in cities.
2. The Legislative Branch
• The most powerful part of the legislative branch was the Senate..
• They could tell the consuls how much money they could spend and on what.
• These men were appointed by the consuls.
3. The Judicial Branch• The judicial
branch had six judges who were elected every two years.
• They were in charge of deciding punishments that criminals would receive.
Compare to the USA
oBalance of power
oSenate and House of Representatives
oConsul (= president)
oCourts
Daily Life: EducationPrimary School• Reading simple
letters, phrases from texts & inscriptions
• Writing w/ erasable wax tablet & stylus
• Simple math w/ abacus or pebbles (and Roman numerals)
• Low fees, open to any student, mixed social classes
Daily Life: EducationSecondary School • Writing w/ parchment
& quills for advanced students
• Latin & Greek for elite students
• Oratory, poetry, grammar, civic/political training
Oratory School/”College” • More advanced • Typically noble
students
Daily Life: Education• Academic Year
• Began March 24 (Feast of Minerva)
• 7 days/week, except many holidays
• Sunrise start, followed by lunch, break and more classes
• Corporal Punishment common• Knuckles, ears, hair, posterior
all fair targets
• Pedagogy• Oral emphasis • Memorization and recitation
Daily Life: Women
• It was legal for women to own land, run businesses, free slaves, make wills, inherit wealth, and get a paid job.
• In ancient Rome, only free adult men were citizens. Although women were not citizens of ancient Rome, they enjoyed a great deal more freedom than did women in ancient Greece.
Daily life: Games
Mancala• Oldest board game of
all• Race game, trying to get
the most stones in your big square
Early Roman Beliefs
• Roman beliefs were similar to ancient Greece. In fact, many of the Roman gods were the same as the Greek gods, just with different names.
Early Roman Beliefs
• King of the Gods/Ruler of the Skies
• Greek name is Zeus• Married to Juno• Symbols: Eagle, Shield,
Thunderbolt and Oak Tree
Early Roman Beliefs
• God of Light and Truth, Healing, Archery, and Music
• Greek name is Apollo• Brother of Diana• Symbols: Crow, Dolphin,
Laurel and Lear
Julius Caesar
• Julius Caesar was a dictator who ruled Rome from 49BCE to 44BCE.
• He was very popular with the poor in Rome.
• He played a critical role in the transformation of the Roman Republic into the Roman Empire.