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Involving the general public into biodiversity monitoring:
limits and successes
Romain Julliard
Why being concerned by the fate of ordinary nature?
• Common species are good indicators
• Appropriate for studying global changes
• The general public is interested
But a complex organization
Animation
Analysis
Conception
Observers network
Data
Field methods
Biodiversity monitoring: a simple equation
+=
But a complex organization
Animation
Analysis
Conception
Indicator
Scientific knowledge
Popularization
Observers network
Data
Field methods+=
Biodiversity monitoring: a simple equation
Our solution : participatory monitoring scheme
Validation
Data
Volunteer Observer network
Coordination : Animation / Research
-Cost / Benefit
- Legitimity
- Cost / Benefit
- Quality control
Monitoring scheme: a matter of trade-offs
(1) Observer network :Skills vs numbers
(2) Sampling design:Better representativity, but
send observers where they do not chose to go
=> (3) Simple Protocole
1370 carrés suivis au moins une fois entre 2001 et 2006
105 espèces
The French Breeding Bird Survey:Animations locales :
Plan d’échantillonnage :
Citizens counting butterflies in their garden:
2005 : the birth of the project
•
Scientific organization coordinating biodiversity monitoring in France based on volunteers(e.g., Breeding Bird Survey)
(*)
(*) Noé : French for Noah
•
French NGO promoting biodiversity conservation
2005 : the birth of the project
Gather data on butterfly
Gather data on private gardens (1 million ha)
Educate people: biodiverity is in your garden!
Raise issues: there are 4 times more pesticides in a garden than in a cereal field
2005 : the birth of the project
Few people involved in the coordination:
=> entirely Web-based
Favor large participation
=> simple, attractive protocol
You need to go in your garden
You need to see a butterfly
You have to identify the butterfly
You have to count the number of individuals of the same species simultaneously present in your garden…
Monthly count sheet
At the end of each month, report the maximum number of each species on the web site
Frequency of visits
Garden description: (1) landscape
Garden description: (2) Composition & practice
21 March 2006 : official start of the project
=> Immediat and unexpected mediatic success !!
232 000 butterflies counted in 2006
19 695 registered people
3 503 gardens in 20063 982 gardens in 2007
Result overview
14 300 monthly counts in 2006
16 800 monthly counts in 2007
193 000 butterflies counted in 2007
A few results…
Effect of urbanisation on local abondance of common
butterfly
2
3
4
5
6
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
% de milieu artificiel dans la commune
0.5
0.9
1.3
1.7
2.1
2.5
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
% de milieu artificiel dans la commune
Indi
ce d
’abo
ndan
ce
Indi
ce d
’abo
ndan
ce
% urbanisation
% urbanisation26 Species / 28
The different butterfly species are more or less tolerant to urbanisation
Common butterflies, indicator of urbanisation intensity
Urban Tolerant Urban Avoiders
Garden description: (2) Composition & practice
Butterfly
abu
ndance
Garden Naturality Index
Most species benefit from nature‐friendly pratices
Sensitivity to
urbanisation
Sensitivity to nature‐friendly practices
0
0
Species that benefit from good practice in
the garden are those that are the most
strongly affected by urbanisation
Suivi
Photographiquedes
Insectes
POLLinisateurs
Une initiative labellisée
Pollination, a degraded ecological function (and service)
Pollination : diversity
matters
Multi‐factor pressure
: climate warming, urbanisation, agriculture intensification
A flower‐dwelling InsectsSurvey ?
Many sampling sites required, but very few specialists
a few thoudands flower‐dweling insects in France!!
A solution : a survey based on amateur photographs
A flower‐dwelling InsectsSurvey ?
Le Suivi Photographiquedes Insectes POLLinisateurs
SPIPOLL, devenez un paparazzi des abeilles !
First step
Establish a photographic collection of all species seen
feeding on a given flowering plant species, at a given time
20 minutes
=> On line identification guide
Le Suivi Photographiquedes Insectes POLLinisateurs
Second step
Found a name for each insect
SPIPOLL, devenez un paparazzi des abeilles !
After 4 months, > 5,000 people have registered670 contributed 2,000 collections > 11,000 photos
Le Suivi Photographiquedes Insectes POLLinisateurs
Third step
Share your collection on the Internet
Raisons for success
• Motivation to participate:– > contribute to science
– > self-learning !
« Before, in my garden, there were only butterflies, now, there are painted laidies, red admirals, swallowtails
»
But high turn-over of observer
Number of month in the scheme
Nom
bre
de ja
rdin
s
Propose new activities ! Studying parasitism rate around Paris
Cotesia glomerata
Perspectives
Studying
parasitism
rate in 30 gardens around
Paris
Perspectives
% urbanisation
Taux de parasitisme
Merci pour votre attention !
www2.mnhn.fr/vigie-nature
