Phil Stansly, UF IFAS-SWFREC Immokalee

Role of Tamarixia radiata in Areawide Management of Diaphorina Citri

Presentation Outline• Incidence of D. citri and parasitism

by T. radiata in Puerto Rico• Incidence of D. citri and parasitism

by T. radiata in Florida• Psyllid management in Florida and

impact on T. radiata• Integration of mass release with

Areawide management of ACP• Rearing system at SWFREC

Murraya hedge

• ACP and HLB detected in 2001, 2009 respectively• Irrigated orchard at Isabela of mixed varieties and ages 6-12 feet in height• Citrus flushing patterns evaluated in a 1 m2

• ACP infestation ranked 1—5• Late instars reared out to evaluate Parasitism by T. radiata.• Pluke et al., 2008

Survey of D. Citri and T. radiata Populations at 4 Research Stations in Puerto Rico 2004-05

Estacion ExperimentalAgricola de Isabela

D. citri index

2.5

0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

D. c

itrii

ndex

Flush Patterns, Pysllid Population Fluctuations and % Parasitism of T. RadiataIsabela, Puerto Rico, (2004-5)

Incidence of Parasitism by T. Radoata in SW Florida 2005-06

Flush Density2006-07 Study

Qureshi et al., 2009

Density of Psyllid Adults2006-07

2006-07

(3.5 adults/tap sample)(1.7 adults/tap sample)

(1.3 adults/tap sample)

Parasitism by Tamarixia radiata

20%39%

56%

Incidence of ACP Infestation and Parasitism by Tamarixiaradiata in Central and SW Regions of Florida 2006

Qureshi et al., 2008

Optimal time for mass release

Application Jan, 15

Significantly different

NS

Silver Strand North, Immokalee, FL

Spray Practices: Dormant Season Foliar Application Effects on Psyllid, 2007

Dormant Season Foliar Applications Ladybeetles on Treated and Untreated Trees, 2007

Area-Wide Dormant Sprays

• A dormant spray is a foliar application of broad-spectrum insecticide directed at over-wintering adult psyllids.

• Dormant sprays attack the psyllid population at its weakest point and when most beneficial insects are least exposed.

• Collateral damage to Tamarixia– They also have to overwinter

• The larger the treated area of citrus, the greater the effectiveness of dormant sprays against psyllids but also of collateral damage they incur.

Areawide Dormant Spray in SW Florida

Company Groves Acreage Material Rates:Danitol

Volume

Fletcher 40 93,471 30 Danitol5 Imidan3 Mustang1 Dimethoate1 Sevin

16 oz (24)12 oz (4)8 oz (2)

15 gal (12)10 gal (21)5 gal (2)3 gal (5)

Summersil 5 10,000 SevinMustang

2 qts4.3 oz

15 gal

Ground (estimated) 43,260

Total 147,000

Area Wide Applications in SW Florida Dec 08 – Feb 09

Grower Survey on ACP Management: Jul-Sep 2009

• 27 Surveys received summer 2009• 106,148 acres covered • Groves from 40 to 18,000 acres• Survey to be repeated in 2010. Dormant sprays 2008-2009: at least 1 100%

Average number 1.6Aerial 71%

Additional Sprays (through August) 3.2Aerial 43%

Secondary pest increases(leafminers scales mites)

77%

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

scales leafminers mites none

Seco

ndar

y p

est

prob

lem

s ( %

)

Increase of Secondary Pests:2009 Survey

LV Applications of Oil and Azadirachtin 2008A. Arevalo

• 65 Acre block, 5 bed plots, treated 5 times once every 2 weeks beginning June 24

• “London Fogger” (Beck Bros.) 1 gal/acre oil only or with 12 oz Aza-Direct

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

Oil Aza-Direct + Oil Control

INFE

STED

FLU

SH

All flush on 20 trees/plot Aug. 1

Low Volume (2 gal/ac Applications of Straight Oil: 2009 Preliminary Results

• 3 treatments – Proptec P400D– London Fogger model 18-20– Control

• Applications every 2 to 4 weeks.

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

Control Fogger protecCum

ulat

ive

Adul

t AC

P D

ays

Treatment

Post-Bloom:BeneficialsActive: Only Soft Pesti-cidesif nec- essary. Mass Release?

Psyllid Manangement Plan for Mature Citrus• Monitor populations year round • Dormant spray(s) with short PHI adulticide• No sprays on flushes: Mass release Tamarixia• Only soft chemistry post bloom• Oil program option throughout growing season

Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct

Dormant Season:PyrethroidsCarbamates(short PHIs)Soil applicationsof Aldicarb

Spring Flush & Bloom: No Spray: Release Tamarixia

Summer: OPs, carbamates or selective insecticides if needed

Summer Flush No Spray: Release Tr

Fall Flush: No Spray

Oil Option

Post-bloom:selective insecticides if needed:RELEASE Tamarixia

Conclusions:

• Low ACP populations and high parasitism rates in PR

• High ACP populations and decreasing parasitism rates in Florida– Intensified insecticide use– Possible biotype effect

• Mass rearing and release necessary to boost populations, especially in spring

AdultLarva

Alberto Urbaneja

Prepupa

Egg

Mummies

Rearing System for Diaphorina citri and Tamarixia radiata at UF Immokalee

Jose Castillo, Monica Triana and Phil Stansly

Parental cage 6 flushing MurrayaPlants

300 – 400 psyllids

Plants moved to new cage after

removing adults

2ndInstars

3rdInstars

4thInstars

2 Plants w/ Adultsand 5thInstars

ToTamarixiacolony

D. citri colony: 25-27º, 60-80% RH, 14:10 L:D

3-4 Days

3-4 Days

3-4 Days

3-4 Days

Incubation cage 3 days:Eggs

Emergence cage: 3

days

Parental cage4 murraya plants

w/ 4th Instarnymphs exposed to 80-100 wasps

for 3-4 days

Trimmed plants to

quarantine

Parasitized infested cuttings

Emergence cage 6 days

Emergence cage 9 days

Adult Emergence 12 days

T. radiata colony: 25-27º, 60-80% RH, 14:10 L:D

Plant preparation

M. paniculataready to use

Pruned plants Air conditionedgreenhouse

Psyllid propagation

Tamarixia emergence cages

D. citri (Av.)

1 plant 8 plants143 1144T. radiata (Av.)

4 plants 684

1 plant (6flushes) 171

D. citri and T. radiata production scheme and weekly production

Weekly8 plants

1368

12 plants 2052

WeeklyTo renew colony

ToT. radiata

Mar-Dec 2009Diaphorina

citriTamarixia

radiata Total D. citri

Total Production 39044 49192 88236

Used for experiments 30855 2327

Used to renew colony 17337 10556

Released in field 31595

Acknowledgements• Funding: Florida Citrus Production Research

Advisory Council• Participating growers and companies

particularly Barron Collier Company.• SWFREC Entomology Team

JawwadQureshi

Alejandro Arevalo

Barry Kostyk

José Castillo

Robert Riefer Monica Triana Joel MendezMiriam Ortez Mauricio Pinto

Ted StanslyScott Croxton

Slide Number 1Slide Number 2Presentation OutlineSlide Number 4Slide Number 5Incidence of Parasitism by T. Radoata in SW Florida 2005-06Slide Number 7Density of Psyllid Adults�2006-07Slide Number 9Slide Number 10Slide Number 11Slide Number 12� Area-Wide Dormant Sprays�Slide Number 14Grower Survey on ACP Management: Jul-Sep 2009Slide Number 16LV Applications of Oil and Azadirachtin 2008�A. ArevaloLow Volume (2 gal/ac Applications of Straight Oil: 2009 Preliminary Results �Slide Number 19Conclusions:Slide Number 21Slide Number 22Slide Number 23Slide Number 24Slide Number 25Slide Number 26Slide Number 27Acknowledgements