Role of Media in the Agricultural and Rural Development

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ROLEOFMEDIAINTHEAGRICULTURALANDRURALDEVELOPMENT

OFACPCOUNTRIES

SYNOPSISREPORTOFPRE

CONFERENCEELECTRONICDISCUSSION

27TH

JULY25TH

SEPTEMBER,2009

MODERATORS

SUSANNATHORP,WRENMEDIA

LAURENCELALANNEDEVLIN

HTTP://ANNUALSEMINAR2009.CTA.INT


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OFACPCOUNTRIES

EXECUTIVESUMMARYFOREDISCUSSIONREPORT

Prior to the international seminar on the role of the media in agricultural and rural

development inACPcountries,tobeheld inBrussels,Belgiumfrom1216th

October,2009,

CTAorganisedanediscussion toallowexperts fromacross theACP region to share their

opinionsandexperiencesonthetopic.Over2,000peoplewereinvitedtotakepartincluding

journalists, communication specialists, researchers, librarians, regional organisations and

ruraldevelopmentagencies.

Thefourweekdiscussionwasheldsimultaneously inEnglishandFrenchandwasbroken

into four themescovering i)constraintsfacedby themedia; ii) expectationsbetween the

mediaandotherdevelopmentstakeholders;iii)thepotentialroleofICTS;iv)andfundingfor

capacitystrengthening.This reportgivesabriefoverviewofsomeof themainpointsand

recommendationsarising

from

the

discussion

to

provide

afoundation

for

further

discussion

andactionattheseminar.

CONSTRAINTS

Thatthemediaisanessentialpartnerinagriculturaldevelopmentwasunanimouslyagreed,

butconcernswereexpressedoverthemultipleconstraintsthatlimitthemediafrom

realizingitsfullpotentialinthisrole.Therealityisthatthemedia,particularlyinAfrica,is

facedwiththechallengesofpoorinfrastructure,lowsalaries,lackofequipment,alackof

specialisation(andtrainingforagriculture)andthereforeapoorunderstandingof

developmentissues.Specificconstraintswithregardtothethemesdiscussedinweekone

(includingclimate,marketing,extension,)werethatjournalistslacktimelyandregionally

appropriatedatatocommunicatetotheiraudiences.

Keyrecommendation:

to

provide

greater

capacity

strengthening

to

the

media

EXPECTATIONS

Differentexpectationsexistbetweenthemediaandotherdevelopmentpartners(e.g.

researchers,policymakersetc).Formediahouses,agricultureisnotseenasnewsworthy,

anditisdifficulttointerpretscientificjargonfortheiraudiences.Amongstresearchersand

others,thereisoftenamistrustofthemedia,theywishtohavetheirstories

published/broadcastwithoutcostandtheylacktheskillstopackagetheinformationinthe

rightway.

Keyrecommendation:moreeffortsneededtobridgethegapbetweenthemediaand

developmentpartnersifagricultureistohaveahigherprofileamongsttargetaudiences.

ROLEOFICTS

WhilstICTs

and

new

media

tools

provide

new

channels

and

means

to

enhance

the

role

of

themedia,itwasacknowledgedthatICTsarenotthepanacea.

Keyrecommendations:RecognisingthepotentialforICTsneedstoincludelearningfrom

othersectorsandsharinggoodpractice.Amoresophisticatedmodelofinteractiveand

iterativelearningacrossactorslinkedinbroadnetworksisalsorequiredratherthansticking

tothetraditionallinearmodelofdisseminatinginformation.

FUNDING

Withagriculturenowbackontheagendafordevelopmentsupport,itwasfeltthatfunding

foragriculturalcommunicationinitiativeshadnotfollowedsuitandgreatereffortswere

requiredatnationalandinternationalleveltosupportmediainagriculturaldevelopment.

Keyrecommendation: Agriculturecommunicationfordevelopmentmustbecomeakey

priorityfor

investment

but

donor

and

national

efforts

should

be

more

co

ordinated.


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OFACPCOUNTRIES

1. IntroductionCTA, togetherwith itspartners, isorganising an international seminaron the roleof the

media inagriculturaland ruraldevelopment inACP countries.The seminar,whichwillbe

heldin

Brussels,

Belgium,

from

12

to

16

October

2009,

aims

to:

Contributetopreparingstrategiesforbuildingthecapacityofthemediawithregardto access anddisseminationof informationon key issues for theACP agricultural

sector;

Strengthencommunication linksbetweenthemediaandotherstakeholders intheagriculturalsector;

Contributetotheidentificationofprogrammestosupportthemedia.Aspartoftheactivitiespriortotheseminar,CTAorganisedanediscussiontoallowexperts

unabletoattendtheseminaranopportunitytosharetheiropinionsandexperiencesonthe

topic.

Over2,000peoplewere invitedbyCTA to share in thediscussion forum, including radio,

print and tv journalists, communication specialists, researchers with an interest in

communication, librarians, regional organisations (e.g SPC Secretariat for the Pacific

Community), and rural developmentNGOs etc. from across the ACP region.Around 270

peopleactivelytookpartinthediscussions.

Thediscussionwasheld simultaneously inEnglishandFrenchandmoderatedbySusanna

Thorp and Laurence LalanneDevlin. Susanna is a Director for WRENmedia, a

communicationscompanywithover20yearsexperience inonair(radio),onlineandnew

mediaproductions

for

international

clients.

Laurence

is

afreelance

journalist

with

over

20

yearsexperienceinradioandprintjournalism,includingfortheBBCWorldService.Laurence

hasworkedwithWRENmediaforover15years.

Duringthediscussionperiod(27th

July25th

September,2009),whichwasbrokenintofour

separatethemes(seeAnnexAforfulllistofthequestionsdiscussed),morethan1000emails

weresenttothemoderatorsfromFrancophoneandAnglophoneparticipants,including

introductionsandfeedbacktoreports.Fromthese,morethan500messageswereshared

withtheforum(seeAnnexBformoredetailedstatistics).

2. Challenges,constraintsandopportunities

Whilstparticipants

were

all

in

agreement

that

the

media

is

an

essential

partner

in

agriculturaldevelopment,oneoftheoverarchingareasofconcernhighlightedduringthe

discussionwastheconstraintsthatlimitthemediafromrealizingitsfullpotentialinthis

role.Anotherimportantfactoristhatthereareverydifferentexpectationsbetweenthe

mediaandotherdevelopmentpartners(e.g.researchers,policymakersetc)anditwas

acknowledgedthatmoreeffortsshouldbemadetobridgethegap.Asoneparticipant

said:Lesmediaattendentquedesinformationsleursoientlivressousformequasi

diffusabletandisquelesacteursdudveloppementattendentquelesmediasimpliquent

davantagemoindrefraispourdiffuserlesinformationsquilsproduisent.

Specificconstraintswereidentifiedaccordingtothethemeselectedduringthefirstweekof

thediscussion

(media

and

climate

change;

gender

equality,

water

management,

arid

zones,

postharvesttechnologies,marketingofagriculturalproducts,agriculturalextensionand


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learning).Themajorityofspecificpointsrelatedtoclimatechangeandextensioncanbe

foundinthesummaryreportforweekoneofthediscussionbutmostofthehighlighted

constraintswerecommontoallthethemes.

Commonconstraintsidentified:Forthejournalists: Lowlevelofgeneraleducationandlackofexpertiseinagriculture/developmentissues Lackoftraininginjournalisticskillsandthereforemanylacktheinquiringmindrequiredforgoodreporting

Lackofspecialisation:technicalinformationisoftendifficulttounderstandforanonspecialistandifthejournalistfailstounderstandtheissues,theyareunableto

translateormakingitmeaningfulforthebenefitoftheiraudiences

Poorlevelsofpaywhichfrequentlymeans(particularlyinAfrica)thatjournalistswillattendconferencesprimarilytocollectperdiemsorexpectpaymenttoprintor

broadcast.Commonlyknownasthebrownenvelopesyndromeandmuchdiscussed

byparticipants

Lackoftechnicalequipment:poorrecordingequipment,poormaintenance,notransport,

no

easy

access

to

Internet

Lackofreliable/timelydata,backgroundinformationandbooksonagriculturalissues Lackofagriculturenetworkstosupportjournalistsaswellaslackoffundingsupporttocommunicate/promoteagricultureissues

Interviewees,particularlyextensionworkers,donothaveaccessorarenotawareofgood,trustworthy,uptodateinformation

Informationisoftenheldatministrylevelsodifficulttoaccessorisofforeignorigin(e.g.climatedata)andnotrelevanttolocalsituation

Lackofagriculturalinformationavailableinlocallanguages ExperiencedagriculturejournalistsoftenmoveontobecomecommunicationofficersforinternationalagenciesorNGOsetc.

Foreditors/producersofradiostations/televisionstations/newspapers Alackofwillingnesstopromoteinvestigativereportingasitistimeconsumingandexpensive

Agriculture/developmentnewsnotgivenpriorityforcoverage,particularlyinprintbutalsoinradiowheremusicprogrammingischeaperandpoliticalinformationiseasyto

talkaboutandmainstream.Agriculture/developmentalsolacksstatusasrelatingto

people(farmers)withoutmuchpower/influence.Asoneparticipantsaid,Agricultureis

seenasafailedprofession.

Forthescientists/developmentworkersandresearchersintheAgriculturalResearchCentresandfarmerswithlocalknowledge Scientiststendtobetooproprietorialaboutnewmethods,newseedsetcwhichthereforetoooftenremainontheshelfandarenotdisseminated.

Scientistsoftenaremistrustfulofthemediafearingbeingmisquotedandbeingpartytoinaccuratearticles.

Scientistslackcommunicationskillsandexperienceinknowinghowtopackagetheinformationrelevanttotheaudienceorinusingpeopletodothisforthem.

Forscientistswhowishtocommunicatetheyoftenfailtodosoinsimplelayterms,theytrytoexplaintoomuchandusetoomuchjargon

Researchanddevelopmentprojectscommonlylackfundstoreallycommunicatetheirfindings.


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Farmersandruralpopulationscanbesuspiciousofjournalistsandgenerallydonottrustthesepeoplewhodescendupontheirvillagetoextractinformation.Localtraditionmay

alsoforbidthemtorevealtheirknowledgetooutsiders.

Aninterestingdebateandthereforecontradictoryrecommendations:Someoftheconstraintsidentifiedabove(e.g.lackofspecialisationforjournalistsontheone

handand

the

scientists

inability

to

explain

their

work

in

simple

lay

terms

on

the

other

hand)

gaverisetoaninterestingdebatebetweenthepartisansofmorescientific/agricultural

trainingforjournalistsandthereforemorespecialisationforjournalistsatuniversitylevelor

elsewhereORmorecommunicationskilltrainingforscientists,extensionworkersand

developmentspecialists.Bothareinfactrequired.

Otheropportunitiesandrecommendations: Offermoreradioandnewspaperspacetoscientists/extensionworkers/

agriculturalists/farmersforthemto

talkorwritedirectlyabouttheirwork

inorder

to

promote

more

synergy

and

collaborationbetweenthetwogroups.

Bemoreattunedtogenderinbroadcastingandjournalismasrural

womenareofteninvisibleor

marginalisedinthemediainspiteof

theirparamountroleinruraldevelopmente.g.FemLINKPacificwomensmedia

initiativetohighlightstoriesofruralwomenhttp://www.femlinkpacific.org.fj/

Create agricultural information centres at village level, (e.g. Community KnowledgeCentresinZimbabwe)whichrevolvearoundcreatingplatformswherecommunitiescan

documenttheirknowledge, listenand learntogether.Moreeffortsshouldbemadeto

involvethe

media

in

networks,

partnerships

and

multi

stakeholder

platforms.

Developmentorganisations shouldmakemore efforts to transportjournalists to visitprojectsinreturnforgivinggreatercoveragetoagriculture

Topromotemoreparticipatorymediae.g.participatoryradioandvideopromotedbyWARDA(seebox)http://www.warda.org/warda/guidevideo.asp

UseofinnovativeapproachesforcommunicatingagriculturalinformationTheroleofcommunitybasedFMradiostationsandagriculturalinformationcentreswas

repeatedlyhighlighted,particularlyinAfrica,asaneffectivemeansofprovidingagricultural

informationinlocallanguagestoruralcommunities.InthePacific,theroleofradioisalso

seenasavitaltoolforextension.However,thefollowinginnovativeexampleswerealso

provided:

GoingPublicapproachpilotedbyGlobalPlantClinic,CABItoencourageinformationexchangeatmarketplaces.Helpsbuildrelationshipsbetweenresearchers,extension,

farmersandothers.

ResearchintoUseprogramme,Tanzaniadevelopingapublicprivatepartnershipmodelinstimulatingprivatecompaniestodisseminateagriculturalinformationthrough

advertising.

Africanportalonagriculturehttp://www.erails.net/

Communityradiosupportedbytapes,flyersandadditionalinformationtoremote

communitieswww.pwmpng.org.pg

and

www.brosdi.or.ug

Agropresse,Haiti

Plusieursjournalistessesontrenduscomptequunservice

rgulier dinformation sur le monde agricole hatien

pouvait servir la fois de source de nouvelles pour les

mdiaset

de

relais

vers

lespace

public

pour

les

acteurs

de

lagriculture et du dveloppement rural. Cest dans ce

contextequaprisnaissanceAGROPRESSEquidiffusedes

informations relatives aux expriences russies, aux

leonsapprisesdeschecsenregistrsetauxopportunits

existantes.

WARDA participatory approaches in video and

radio Farmertofarmer rice videos developed in

collaborationwithlocalpartnersandfarmerswhich

havebeen translated into33African languages. In

partnershipwithFarmRadio International,aseries

of rice radio programmes have also beendeveloped.


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AreportoninnovativeapproachestoextensionusingICThasalsobeencompiledbyFARAandisavailabletodownloadathttp://www.fara

africa.org/media/uploads/File/NSF2/RAILS/Innovative_Farmer_Advisory_Systems.pdf

withasummaryavailableinFrenchathttp://www.gret.org/ressource/pdf/08931.pdf

3.RoleofICTsinenhancingmediainagriculturaldevelopment

Thecontributions

on

the

role

of

ICTs

to

disseminate

agricultural

information

and

promote

ruraldevelopmentdiscussedduringthethirdweekoftheforumwereparticularlylivelyand

gaverisetosomeinterestingsuggestions.ContributionsfromdiscussantsrevealedthatICTs

andnewmediatoolsareusedinavarietyofdifferentwaysdependingonthelevelofaccess

anddevelopmentinaparticularcountry.UseofICTsintheCaribbeanforexample,appears

tobemoreadvancedthaninAfricaorinthePacific,whereInternetaccessisoftenmore

restricted.

TherewasalsosomediscussionandconcernexpressedoverICTsbeingpromotedasthe

panaceatoallfarmersproblems.Butasseveralparticipantspointedout,Youcannot

imposenewtechnologiesifthehumanandtechnicalenvironmentinwhichtheyare

supposedto

be

used

is

not

ready

to

receive

them.

However,

where

the

Internet

and

mobile

phonesinparticularareavailable,forjournalists,extensionistsandICTliteratefarmers(e.g

telecentres),accesstouptodateagriculturalinformationisbetterthaneverbefore.

Anotherdiscussantraisedthepointthattoomuchemphasisisstillgiventotheideaof

lineardisseminationofinformationfromrepositoriesofknowledgeandexpertisetousers

whoareassumedtobeinneedoftheinformation.Itwassuggestedthatamore

sophisticatedmodelofinteractiveanditerativelearningacrossactorslinkedinbroad

networksisrequired.(Seeboxon

APPRI)

Recognisingthe

potential

for

ICTs

may,

asonediscussantpointedout,needto

includelearningfromothersectors,

includingwheretheyhavebeen

successfullyemployedinhealth,

educationandgovernance.

Otherimportantrecommendations: ImproveInternetconnectivityincommunitycentresandassociationoffices

andto

support

capacity

strengthening

Mp3playersmakeiteasierforpeopletocaptureinformationandtransferiteasily

e.g.forradiojournalistinterviewsbutalso

infarmer/stakeholdersurveysusedin

research/developmentprojects

Promoteelearning(seeboxonCOLEACPPIP)

Wherepossible,makeuseofWeb2.0toolstoallowpeopletoaccessinformationindifferentways(e.g.RSSfeeds)butalsotoenhancehowinformationis

shared/exchanged(e.g.webportalsetc.)

Le COLEACP PIP utilise plusieurs voies

complmentairesdans

la

diffusion

de

linformation

techniqueetpdagogique:

CD ROM mis en main pour une session deformation qualifiantesusceptibledtreactualis

parInternet.

Plateformes Internet fonctionnant en modedconnect: transmission et utilisation du

contenuduncourssurunclUSBouCDROM.

APPRI workshop, Burkina Faso, including

researchers,NGOs, rural organisations and civil

society, focusing on "Training, production

andinformationdissemination" butfromabottom

upapproach.ManualinEnglishandFrenchistobe

published. http://www.cirad.bf/fr/innovation

appri.php


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UseGPSsystemsforpastoralists(aftertraining)butalsofortrackinginformationonpestanddiseaseoutbreaks(e.g.inCaribbean),mapping(e.g.agriculturecensusin

Uganda).

Morepermanentnetworksandexchangefora(liketheCTAdiscussion)ontheInternete.gFAOeagricultureglobalplatform www.eagriculture.org

4.Fundingofmediaforagriculturaldevelopment

Thisimportantsubjectwasdividedintotwopartsfocusingonsupportatinternationaland

nationallevel.Thisthemeonceagainprovokedanimateddiscussion.

Asignificantnumberofcontributionsfromparticipantshighlightedtheneedfordonor

agenciesandgovernmentstoprovidegreatersupporttothemediaforagricultural

development.Withagriculturenowbackontheagendafordevelopmentsupport,itwasfelt

thatfundingforagriculturalcommunicationinitiativeshadnotfollowedsuitandgreater

effortswererequiredtosupporttheroleofmediainagriculturaldevelopment.Asone

participantstated,Increasedfundingandsupportfortheroleofmediainagricultureboth

internationallyand

in

the

private

sector

must

be

taken

seriously,

if

we

are

to

avoid

future

foodcrises.

Twocontradictoryrecommendations:CreateprojectsonlydedicatedtodisseminatingagriculturalinformationORincrease

theintegrationofcommunicationandmediaintoexistingornewdevelopment

projects.

Otherrecommendations: Providecapacitybuildingoflocalmediainsitubutnotinapiecemealwayasitisthecaseatthemoment(aoneweekseminarfromtimetotimeindifferentplaces)

butthrough

thorough

training

which

costs

money

and

time

Avoidreinventingthewheelwhenitispossibletolearnfromotherprojects Financeimprovedanduptodateequipmentandinfrastructure(internet)forjournalists

PromotegreatercollaborationwithregionalorganisationslikeCILSS,NEPAD,ECOWAS

Convincegovernmentsthatbetterfundingforagriculturalinformationdisseminationwillbenefitthedevelopmentofthecountrybutatthesametime

avoidbeingtoosuspiciousofthemarketwhichcanprovidegoodfundingand

goodinformationandavoidthinkingthatthestateshouldprovideeverything

Concludingremarks

Fromthefeedbackreceivedfromtheediscussionparticipants,theediscussionhasbeena

greatsuccessandhighlyvalued.Thetopicchosenwasfelttobeofimportancetopromote

animateddebateandarichexchangeofexperiencesandopinionsfromacrosstheACP

regions.SincerethankswereexpressedtoCTAfororganisingandfacilitatingthediscussion,

withmanyrequestingthattheinitiativecontinues.Itishopedthattheresultsofthe

discussionwillnotbeburiedinadrawerasusuallyhappensinAfricabutmost

importantly,therewasaheartfeltdesireexpressedthatreal,concreteactionsemerge

fromtheCTAAnnualSeminarwhereconstraintsandrecommendationswillbefurther

analysedanddiscussed.


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JesouhaiteproposerauCTAdinstitutionnaliserceforumquipourraittred'ungrand

apportpourledveloppementruraletdel'agriculturedespaysACP.LouisDjilemo

Cameroun

Congratulations!Thisisauniqueforumandthefirstofitskind.IwouldwishthatACPs,as

wellasPanAfricannetwork,willadvocateanddesigncontextualizedstrategiesto

mainstreamthe

concerns

arising

from

the

fora.

Philipos

Petros

Gile

Ethiopia

NoussommestrsisolsicidanslesudouestduTchadouiln'yaaucuncybercafsni

connexionpublique.J'aidoncrunid'autresanimateursradioautourdemonseulordinateur

avecmaclmodemdeconnexionetj'aitoutlecontenudesparticipationsetlesrapports

avecmoiquisontcommeunegrandebibliothquequejepeuxconsulterquandjeveux.Un

trsgrandmerciauxinitiateurs.PaulineNeyomTtoukouaDdjaba Tchad

Ilearnedalotfromthediscussion.CongratulationsalsotoCTAtogearupsuchaproductive

idea.LazarusLaiser,Tanzania


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ANNEXAQuestionsdiscussedoverthecourseoftheforum

WeekOne:MainconstraintsfacingthemediainACPregions

(a) Towhichof the following themeswouldyou like to contribute in theediscussion?

(selectnomorethan2):Mediaandclimatechange;Mediaandgenderequality;Media

and

water

management;

Media

and

arid

zones;

Media

and

post

harvest

technologies;

Media and themarketingof agriculturalproducts;Mediaand agriculturalextension

andlearning;Other(pleasespecify)

(b) WhatarethemainconstraintsfacingmediainACPcountriesinobtainingsufficient,(in

quantityandquality)anduptodateinformationsourcesonthethemeselected?

(c) Give examples of successful experiences of ACP media in obtaining sufficient (in

quantity and quality) uptodate information sources, and management/financial

support,thathavemettheneedsoftheirpubliconthethemeselected.

Week Two: Communicationbetween the Media and other Agricultural and Rural

DevelopmentActors

Theroleofmediainagriculturaldevelopmentgivesrisetodifferentexpectationsdepending

onwhetheronebelongstothemediaorisinvolvedindevelopmentaspoliticaldecision

maker,planner,researcher,donor,extensionagent,NGOorfarmer

a) Whatarethese(oftencontradictory)expectationsandwhatarethemostcommonproblemsincommunicationbetweenthesedifferentgroups?

b) Fromyourexperience,whatsolutionsandrecommendationsdoyoupropose?WeekThree:PotentialofICTsforimprovingthedisseminationofinformationfor

agriculturaldevelopment.

a) Fromyourexperience,giveexamplesofhownewmediachannels(internet,mobile

phonesandotherICTs)arecontributingtoimprovingthedisseminationofinformation

foragriculturaldevelopment.Alsowheretheyareusedtocomplement/enhance

traditionalmedia(e.g.radio,video,printetc)

b) Brieflyhighlightanyconstraints(besidesconnectivity,powerfailure,poor

infrastructure)thatneedtobeovercomeinrealisingthepotentialofthesenewmedia

channels/technologies.Withtheseconstraintsinmind,whatareyour

recommendations/suggestions/solutionstosolvetheseproblems?

WeekFour:Fundingandsupportforenhancingtheroleofmediaforagricultural

development

a) Giveonekeypriorityfordonorsupportandfundingataninternationallevelfor

enhancingtheroleofmediainagriculturaldevelopmentanddiscusshowyoufeelthis

mightbestbeachieved.Giveexamplesofyourexperiencewherethisisgoingwell,or

couldbeimproved,andyourrecommendationsforupscaling/transferredtoother

regions.

b) Giveonekeypriorityfornationalfunding(bothprivateandpublic)forenhancingthe

roleofmediainagriculturaldevelopmentanddiscusshowyoufeelthismightbestbe

achieved.Give

examples

of

your

experience

where

this

is

going

well,

or

could

beimproved,andyourrecommendationsforupscaling/transferredtootherregions.


10/12

constraintsfacedbythemedia

17%

expectationsbetween the

thepotentialroleofICTS

22%

fundingforcapacity

strengthening

20%

Anglophonediscusions

constraintsfaced

bythemedia

15%

expectationsbetweenthe

mediaandotherdevelopmentstakeholders

49%


23%

fundingforcapacity

strengthening13%

FrancophonediscusionsEDiscussion activity

(activity measured by number of messages posted)

constraintsfacedbythemedia

17%



41%


22%

fundingforcapacity

strengthening

20%

Anglophonediscusions

constraintsfaced

bythemedia

15%



49%


23%

fundingforcapacity

strengthening13%

Francophonediscusions

0

50

100

150

200

250

constraintsfacedbythemedia expectationsbetweenthemedia

andotherdevelopmentstakeholders


fundingforcapacitystrengthening

Totalactivityforallthemes

Frenchdiscussions English

discussions


11/12

No. of responses Constraints

17.6% difficulties to understand the information and non qualified journalists

14.9% lack for funding for research or collecting, getting, sharing information

11.3% lack of interests from editors and journalists

10.4% lack of (shared or trustful) information or Paid information

8.6% difficulties to collect or get the information up-to-date information

7.7% problem between media and sources (who can be the sources?, no trust)

7.2% other constraints

5.4% lack of leaders or politcal support

5.4% rural areas too difficult to reach or too dangerous or transportation too expensive

5.0% few or limited (independent) media facilities available for all or documentation center

4.1% inapropriate information packaging or no communication strategies

2.7% illiterate or low educated population

TOTAL of 222 answers (not the number of participants since participants could give several answers)

link to information

link to education

1 What are the main constraints facing media in ACP countries in obtaining sufficient (in quantity and quality) and up-to-date information

sources on the theme (see below) selected?

17.6%

14.9%

11.3%10.4%8.6%

7.7%

7.2%

5.4%5.4%

5.0% 4.1% 2.7%

Constraints difficulties to understand the information and non qualified journalists

lack for funding for research or collecting, getting, sharing information

lack of interests from editors and journalists

lack of (shared or trustful) information or Paid information

difficulties to collect or get the information up-to-date information

problem between media and sources (who can be the sources?, no trust)

other constraints

lack of leaders or politcal support

rural areas too difficult to reach or too dangerous or transportation tooexpensive

few or limited (independent) media facilities available for all or documentationcenter

inapropriate information packaging or no communication strategies

17.6%

14.9%

11.3%10.4%8.6%

7.7%

7.2%

5.4%5.4%

5.0% 4.1% 2.7%

Constraints difficulties to understand the information and non qualified journalists

lack for funding for research or collecting, getting, sharing information

lack of interests from editors and journalists

lack of (shared or trustful) information or Paid information

difficulties to collect or get the information up-to-date information

problem between media and sources (who can be the sources?, no trust)

other constraints

lack of leaders or politcal support

rural areas too difficult to reach or too dangerous or transportation tooexpensive

few or limited (independent) media facilities available for all or documentationcenter

inapropriate information packaging or no communication strategies

illiterate or low educated population


12/12

Percentage themes

25% Media and climate change

8% Media and gender equality

6% Media and water management

4% Media and arid zones

6% Media and post-harvest technologies

12% Media and the marketing of agricultural products

37% Media and agricultural extensions and learning

2% Other

100% TOTAL in a total of 102 answers

2 Percentage of responses according to selected themes

25%

8%

6%

4%

6%12%

37%

2%

Themes in which the participants contribute

Media and climate change

Media and gender equality

Media and water management

Media and arid zones

Media and post-harvest technologies

Media and the marketing of agriculturalproducts

Media and agricultural extensions andlearning

Other

Documents

Role of Media in the Agricultural and Rural Development