Areas Of Concern

Role of High Frequency Water Level Oscillations and Flood Flows onContaminated Sediment Transport in the Manistique River, Michigan

Álvaro Linares

Chin H. WuJoshua D. Anderson

River Estuary Lake

Stream flow

Contaminatedsediment

Advection / Diffusion

Currents

Currents

Resuspension Deposition

Reversed flow

High-Frequency Water Level Oscillations

Continuously observed

(T < 2h)

Transport Processes

1D flow

Flood flow

1. Reveal the role of HFWLOs and Flood Flows on the transport ofcontaminated sediments in river-estuary-lake systems.

Determining the residence time for

Research Objectives

Suspended sediments

Bottom sediments

2. Provide effective remediation strategy

Study site

HM1

HM2

HM3

HM4

HM5

HOBO pressure sensor (Water level)2 min interval data

Data SourcesUSGS (upstream)

USGS (Discharge)

ADCP (Velocities)

Hydrodynamics

Sediments

Sediment core

Contaminants map (EPA)

June – August 2012

2 min interval data

PCBs (Polychlorinated Biphenyl): Probable human carcinogens

Cases

02/01 03/01 04/01 05/01 06/01 07/01 08/01 09/01 10/01 11/010

50

100

150

Flo

wra

te (

cms)

2012 Flowrates

Ele

vati

on

(m

)HM1

HM2

HM3HM4

HM5

USGS

Weak

Strong

Normal

Flood

HFWLOs

Flows

Cases

Modeling

Depth (m)

Open boundary

ManistiqueState-of-the-art hydrodynamic model

Multiscale unstructured mesh

02/01 03/01 04/01 05/01 06/01 07/01 08/01 09/01 10/01 11/010

50

100

150

Flo

wra

te (

cms)

2012 Flowrates

High mesh resolution

• Horizontally

• Vertically

Governing equations

Mass conservation

Momentum conservation

𝜕u

𝜕x+𝜕v

𝜕y+𝜕w

𝜕z= 0

𝜕𝑢

𝜕𝑡= −

𝜕 𝑢𝑢

𝜕𝑥−𝜕 𝑢𝑣

𝜕𝑦−𝜕 𝑢𝑤

𝜕𝑧+ 𝑓𝑣 −

1

𝜌0

𝜕𝑝

𝜕𝑥− 𝛻2𝑢

( x- direction)

Residence Time

Particle tracking approach

Distribution

Transport

Tracking

Determine time to leave the domain

LOOP

Montecarlo: Uniformly spaced

k 𝑣𝑎

𝑣𝑑

Advection (𝑣𝑎)Mean Residence Time map

HH:MM

Diffusion (𝑣𝑑)

ResultsNormal Flows Weak HFWLOs

Suspended

Flood Flows

0

60Time (days)

Strong HFWLOs

• Normal & Flood flows are not the main factor to transport suspended sediments in Hot Spots.

• Weak & Strong HFWLOs can remove suspended sediments from the Hot Spots.

ResultsNormal Flows Weak HFWLOs Strong HFWLOs

Bottom

0

60Time (days)

Flood Flows

• Flood Flows do not mobilize contaminated bottom sediments from the Hot Spots.

• Strong Reverse flow removes the bottom sediments from the Hot Spots.

• Weak HFWLOs can promote the transport of bottom sediments in three of the Hot Spots.

𝑤𝑠

k𝑣𝑎

𝑣𝑑

Resuspension 𝝉𝒃 ≥ 𝝉𝒄𝒓 Advection (𝑣𝑎) Diffusion (𝑣𝑑) Deposition (𝑤𝑠)

Summary

• Assessment of contaminated sediment transport

• Multiscale state-of-the-art hydrodynamic model Innovative particle tracking

Areas Of Concern

Distribution

Transport

Tracking

Determine time to leave the domain

LOOP

Depth (m)

SummaryNormal Flows Weak HFWLOsFlood Flows Strong HFWLOs

• Normal & Flood flows are not the main factor to transport suspended sediments in Hot Spots.

• Weak & Strong HFWLOs can remove suspended sediments from the Hot Spots.

• Flood Flows do not mobilize contaminated bottom sediments from the Hot Spots.

• Weak & Strong HFWLOs can remove the bottom sediments from the Hot Spots.

Objective 1. Reveal the role of HFWLOs and Flood Flows on the transport ofcontaminated sediments in river-estuary-lake systems.

Upstream Hot spots

Downstream Hot spots

Cleaned if there was no contaminant loading.

Identify the contaminant sources.

Are deposition areas in the harbor.

Dredging

1.

2.

Objective 2 Provide effective remediation strategy

Acknowledgements

Dr. Eric Anderson

University of Wisconsin Sea Grant Institute

Funding

Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory