ROHDE & SCHWARZ OTA TEST SYSTEM SOLUTIONS 1SPV-Ko | 2005/06 | 1 OTA „Over The Air“ Test System Solutions for Wireless Devices

ROHDE & SCHWARZ OTA TEST SYSTEM SOLUTIONS1SPV-Ko | 2005/06 |1

OTA „Over The Air“Test System Solutions for Wireless Devices


Agenda Part 1: OTA

OTA performance standards

Covered wireless standards

CTIA RF-Tests and parameters

System Solutions “Rohde & Schwarz TS9970”

Part 2: EMC EMC-Tests of 3G mobile communication products

Overview of Wireless standards

EMC RF-Tests and parameters

System Solutions “Rohde & Schwarz TS9976/TS9982”


OTA Performance-Standards

CTIA 2.1OTA Performancefor GSM, CDMA

USA

COST 273 SWG 2.2OTA Performancefor GSM / UMTS

Europe


Covered Wireless Standards

GSM

•GSM 850

•GSM 900

•E-GSM

•R-GSM

•GSM 1800

•GSM 1900

International

1xEV-DV

1xEV-DO

WCDMA-3GPP/FDD[UTRA TDD HCR]

WCDMA-3GPP/TDD

Digital Cellular Phones / Data

TDMA[IS-136]

D-AMPS[IS-54]

America

cdmaOne[IS-95]

cdma2000

International

Wireless LAN & Broadband Wireless Access

International

BluetoothIEEE

802.11a/e/h/i

IEEE802.11b/e/i

IEEE802.11g

IEEE802.15.3a

[UWB]

IEEE802.15.4

[ZIGBEE]

IEEE802.16

[Wireless MAN]

IEEE802.16a

[WIMAX]


OTAOver The Air

OTA RF Performance Parameters

TRPTotal Radiated

Power

TISTotal Isotropic

Sensitivity

3DRadiation Pattern

MEGMean Effective

Gain

MERPMean Effective Radiated Power

MERSMean Effective

Radiated Sensitivity



CTIA Tests OverviewSection 1: Introduction

Section 2: Scope of measurements

Section 3: Test site characteristics & quiet zone accuracy(Chamber performance)

Section 4: Range reference measurement(path loss of test system with calibrated antenna)

Section 5: Test procedure radiated power (TRP)

Section 6: Test procedure receiver performance (TIS)

Section 7: Measurement Uncertainty



TRP Parameters3D Integration of radiated power over sphere

Measured with 15° steps

without Theta θ= 0° and 180°

264 measurements per polarization

TRP is the single figure of merit

EUT Mode is stand-alone without any cables

-15 0 10 25

0 °

180 °

270

°

90 °

Radiated Power [dBm]

MES UmtsRp01_9263_105°_h MES UmtsRp01_9263_120°_h MES UmtsRp01_9263_135°_h MES UmtsRp01_9263_150°_h MES UmtsRp01_9263_165°_h MES UmtsRp01_9263_180°_h


Total

Po

wer

(d

Bm

)

12

26

14

16

18

20

22

24

X

Z

Y

Azimuth = 90.0Elevation = -90.0Roll = -90.0


TIS Parameters3D Integration of receiver sensitivity over sphere

TIS, is utilizing BER or FER (Frame Error Rate)

TIS has to measured in 30° stepswithout Theta θ= 0° and 180°

60 measurements per polarization

TIS is a single figure of merit

EUT Mode is stand-alone without any cables


CTIA RF-Tests and parametersTwo methods are used for scanning the UT

Conical CutGreat Circle Cut

Conical Cut:

The UT rotates on the long axis (azimuth phi Φ) and the measurement antenna moves (elevation theta θ), above and below the level of the UT for each rotation.

Great Circle Cut:

The measurement antenna is fixed and the UT rotates in two axes (azimuth phi Φ and elevation theta θ) in sequential order.


CTIA RF-Tests and parametersTypical Setup for a Conical Cut


CTIA RF-Tests and parametersTypical Setup for a Great Circle Cut


CTIA RF-Tests and parametersMeasurement antenna:

must be capable of two orthogonal linear polarizations,simultaneous measurement recommended (repositioning errors)

Conditions: (1)Free Space (2)Simulated use (with SAM head phantom) (3)left and right ear(4)Extended and retracted EUT antenna (if applicable)

Phantomcompletely filled (bubble size Ø < 25 mm) weekly checks of liquid

Measurements on all EUT configurations (i.e. battery packs) unless demonstrated, that effect is negligible

FER / BER reported from mobile to base station generator (if applicable)


CTIA RF-Tests and parametersEUT antenna positioned at the centre of the sphere.Rotation around Ear reference point, alternative: rotation point centre of phantom (additional uncertainty → CTIA G.7.1)

Polar coordinates - independent from test procedureMeasurement data weighed by sin θ

Great Circle Cut:TIS: 6 Theta-cuts (T0, T30, …, T150)

T0: Test ear closest to the ground (Reason: Definitively no air bubble)

TRP: 10 Theta-cuts T0, T15, …, T165


CTIA RF-Tests and parametersTest site characteristics:Minimum test distance from antenna phase centre,(alternative: tip of antenna):

Cellular (824 – 894 MHz) > 1,09 mPCS (1850 – 1990 MHz) > 1,19 m

The strictest of the 3 Far field criteria's should be taken

Near field measurements will be considered, when they have demonstrated to be adequate.


CTIA RF-Tests and parametersTest site accuracy: Ripple testVerification of system performance,

especially reflectivity of chamber

inclusive all installations (e.g. Positioner)

All equipment used for normal testing shall be in place

Two different tests:

Theta axis ripple test

Phi axis ripple test

Ripple test value should be < 1 dB


CTIA RF-Tests and parametersTest site accuracy, test equipment:Sleeve Dipole and Loop antenna optimized for:

Test frequencies 836,5 1MHz, 1880 1MHz

asymmetry < 0,1 dB in azimuth

Low dielectric support structure (for positioning the probe antennas)

Measurement antenna(e.g. Horn or dipole used during antenna measurements)

Signal Generator / Spectrum Analyzer or Network Analyzer


CTIA RF-Tests and parametersTest site accuracy, test equipment:Probe symmetry test:

Qualification of the symmetry of the probe antennas

With azimuth scan of 2° step size

The probe symmetry is not part of the ripple test but a certification step to ensure that the probe satisfy the ripple test.


CTIA RF-Tests and parametersTest site accuracy, test procedure:Phi Φ axis ripple test:

Quiet zone cylinder 300 mm Ø and 300 mm longPositions Phi Φ axis: -150, 0, + 150 mmOffset: centre and circle 150 mm (6 positions)Azimuth rotation, measurement every 2°, Theta

θ= 90° constant Measurement antenna co polarizedlow permittivity dielectric supportsignal > 40 dB over noise floorfile export to excel


CTIA RF-Tests and parametersTest site accuracy, test procedure:Phi Φ axis test geometry:


CTIA RF-Tests and parametersTest site accuracy, test procedure:Theta θ axis test:

Offset 150 mm in each axis (Seven positions)

Theta θ rotation -165° - 165°

Step size 2°

Phi Φ=0°


CTIA RF-Tests and parametersTest site accuracy, test procedure:Theta θ axis test geometry:


CTIA RF-Tests and parametersTest site accuracy, test procedure:Allowances and adjustments to Phi Φ axis:

Several exceptions for other measurement points, angular stepping etc.


CTIA RF-Tests and parametersTest site accuracy, test procedure:Allowances and adjustments to Phi Φ axis:


CTIA RF-Tests and parametersRange reference measurements:Reference measurement precondition for TRP, EIRP, TIS or EISTypically dipole or standard gain horn as Substitution

Antenna Under Test (AUT) Measurement for each polarisation and possible signal pathRepeated at least annually (recommendation monthly or

quarterly) and in case of site changes

Recommendations: Low uncertainty precision calibrated sleeve dipole < 2,5 GHzStandard gain horn > 2,5 GHz, other antennas possible Cable, ferrite bead treated and routed, to minimize effectsAttenuators (3 to 10 dB) to reduce VSWR effects


CTIA RF-Tests and parametersRange reference measurements:Test frequencies (at least):

BANDFrequency

DesignationFrequency

(MHz)Cellular CH1 - TX 824

Cellular CH1 – RX 869

Cellular CH2 – TX 836


Cellular CH3 – TX 849


PCS CH4 – TX 1850

PCS CH4 – RX 1930

PCS CH5 – TX 1880

PCS CH5 – RX 1960

PCS CH6 – TX 1910

PCS CH6 – RX 1990


CTIA RF-Tests and parametersRange reference measurements:Test procedure:

Two steps Reference calibration Cable

Range Reference Test

Signal Generator

Spectrumanalyzer

r

PISO GRAGMA

PMAPRA

PSGPRX

PTEclTE-RX

clMA-TE clSG-RA

PL Total Path Loss

Signal Generator

Spectrumanalyzer

PSGPRX clTE-RX clSG-RA

PTE PRA


CTIA RF-Tests and parametersRange reference measurements:

Improved accuracy by use of power meter

(uncertainty)

TRP: correction of receiver value

TIS: Absolute measurement of received power

Remarks: max. 4752 measurement points


CTIA RF-Tests and parametersRadiated power (TRP): All evaluations will be performed:

In “conversational” mode At maximum transmit power

Products supporting multiple air-interface

technologies will be tested in accordance with all

relevant test proceduresTest results will be provided for each test performed

in the format defined


CTIA RF-Tests and parametersRadiated power (TRP) AMPS:Three channel pairsFree space and simulated use with SAM (phantom head)Antenna extended and retracted

Power at antenna connector measured (if applicable)Base station parameters are defined

AMPS RX and TX Test Frequencies

BANDChannel

PairDesignation

Frequency (MHz)

Cellular A 991 CH1 - TX 824.04

Cellular A 991 CH1 - RX 869.04

Cellular B 384 CH2 - TX 836.52

Cellular B 384 CH2 - RX 881.52




CTIA RF-Tests and parametersRadiated power (TRP) CDMA:Three channel pairs each bandFree space and simulated use with SAM (phantom head)Antenna extended and retracted


CDMA RX and TX Test Frequencies

BAND Channel Pair Designation Frequency

(MHz)

Cellular A 991 CH1 - TX 824.07

Cellular A 991 CH1 - RX 869.07





PCS A 25 CH4 – TX 1851.25

PCS A 25 CH4 – RX 1931.25

PCS B 600 CH5 – TX 1880.00

PCS B 600 CH5 – RX 1960.00

PCS C 1175 CH6 – TX 1908.75

PCS C 1175 CH6 – RX 1988.75


CTIA RF-Tests and parametersRadiated power (TRP) TDMA:Three channel pairs each bandFree space and simulated use with SAM (phantom head)Antenna extended and retracted


TDMA RX and TX Test Frequencies


(MHz)

Cellular

991 CH1 - TX 824.04

991 CH1 - RX 869.04

384 CH2 - TX 836.52

384 CH2 - RX 881.52

799 CH3 - TX 848.97

799 CH3 - RX 893.97

PCS

2 CH4 – TX 1850.04

2 CH4 – RX 1930.08

999 CH5 – TX 1879.95

999 CH5 – RX 1959.99

1998 CH6 – TX 1909.92

1998 CH6 – RX 1989.96


CTIA RF-Tests and parametersRadiated power (TRP) GSM:Three channel pairs each bandFree space and simulated use with SAM (phantom head)Antenna extended and retracted


GSM RX and TX Test Frequencies


(MHz)

GSM 850

128 CH1 - TX 824.20

128 CH1 - RX 869.20

190 CH2 - TX 836.60

190 CH2 - RX 881.60

251 CH3 - TX 848.80

251 CH3 - RX 893.80

GSM 1900

512 CH4 – TX 1850.20

512 CH4 – RX 1930.20

661 CH5 – TX 1880.00

661 CH5 – RX 1960.00

810 CH6 – TX 1909.80

810 CH6 – RX 1989.80


CTIA RF-Tests and parametersRadiated power (TRP) GSM:GPRS:

Maximum number of uplink time slots supported by the EUT shall be utilizedcoding scheme CS-1Test as GSMhead adjacent testing only, if GPRS is supported by the device in this mode (e.g. VoIP)

EGPRS: Maximum number of uplink time slots supported by the EUT shall be utilizedcoding scheme MCS-5Test as GSMhead adjacent testing only, if EGPRS is supported by the device in this mode (e.g. VoIP)


CTIA RF-Tests and parametersReceiver performance (TIS):Complete measurement at 3 channels as TRPRelative measurement on intermediate channels (some channels may be omitted, as long as spacing < 500 kHz) All measurements for free space and against

phantom, antenna extended and retractedSufficient number of bits or frames for confidence interval 95 %30° steps (due to less accurate measurement procedure, goal: TIS accuracy < 2 dB with 95% certainty)


CTIA RF-Tests and parametersReceiver performance (TIS):No TIS measurement for AMPSCDMA: FER ≤ 0,5% with 95% confidenceAlso measurement at antenna connector (if applicable)

Communication tester setup same as TRPforward power for 0% FERpower control closed loopIf test point is in a null, forward power have to be raised

Near the sensitivity level: 500 frames (≤ 2000 frames limit possible), power step ≤ 0,5 dB

For final measurement: Power control “Always Up”


CTIA RF-Tests and parametersCDMA Receiver performance (TIS):Forward link power and power control set back to default for the next measurement pointThe measurement range should be 30 dB above

the lowest sensitivity levelMeasurement of alternate points in the sensitivity curve are allowed, if the curve is calibrated (no interpolation allowed).Relative sensitivity on intermediate channels:

Choose position and polarization for best radiated sensitivity (= Reference channel; one position for all 3 bands, if within 3dB for the best channel)Base station signal raised by 5 dBFER measurement


CTIA RF-Tests and parametersCDMA Receiver performance (TIS):Relative sensitivity on intermediate channels:


CTIA RF-Tests and parametersTDMA Receiver performance (TIS):

For TDMA TIS is not required

The procedure is for information only

The Mobile must be set into loop back mode.

The base station power has to be lowered until a

3% BER (± 0,1%) with a bit rate of

100 kbit is measured.


CTIA RF-Tests and parametersGSM Receiver performance (TIS):Class II Residual Bit Error Rate (RBER) 2,44% with

95% confidence levelCommunication tester setup same as TRP,

forward power for 0% RBER, power control level (PCL) high enough for no communicationerrors (no need for maximum power at each point)

loop back modeIf test point is in a null, the forward power has to be raisedNear the sensitivity level:

IF 135 frames (≤ 1000 frames limit possible)power step ≤ 0,5 dB

Final measurement: Power level control maximum power (also for BER reference curve)set back to default for next test point


CTIA RF-Tests and parametersGSM Receiver performance (TIS):Measurement range of 30 dB above the lowest sensitivity

level is acceptable.

Measurement of alternate points in the sensitivity curve

are allowed, if the curve is calibrated (no interpolation).

Relative sensitivity on intermediate channels:Choose position and polarization for best radiated sensitivity

(= Reference channel; one position for all 3 bands,

if within 3dB for the best channel)

Base station signal should be raised by 5 dB

RBER measurement


CTIA RF-Tests and parametersGPRS/EGPRS Receiver performance (TIS):The Block Error Rate (BLER) 10% is based on 2000 received blocks with 95% confidence level.Communication tester setup same as TRP

but forward power for 0% BLER at CS-1power control level (PCL) high enough for no

communicationerrors (no need for maximum power at each point)loop back mode

If test point is in a null, forward power have to be raisedNear the sensitivity level: 200 blocks (≤ 2000 frames limit possible), power step ≤ 0,5 dB


CTIA RF-Tests and parametersGPRS/EGPRS Receiver performance (TIS):Final measurement:

Power level control maximum power(also for BER reference curve)set back to default for next test pointMeasurement range of 30 dB above the lowest sensitivity level is allowedMeasurement of alternate points in the sensitivity curve is allowed, if the curve is calibrated (no interpolation).

Relative sensitivity on intermediate channels: Choose position and polarization for best radiated

sensitivity (= Reference channel; one position for all 3 bands, if within 3dB for the best channel)

Base station signal raised by 5 dB BLER measurement


CTIA RF-Tests and parametersAlternative Procedure for multi-protocol DUT:Requirement: More than one protocol in the same frequency bandProcedure

Complete TRP (or TIS) measurement of 1st protocol(voice digital protocol preferred)Set DUT to worst case position and polarizationRepeat measurement with 1st protocol at this pointSwitch without any change to 2nd (or further) protocolsMeasure value of second protocol Result for 2nd protocol : Extrapolate TRP (or TIS) value by the difference between the two measurements


CTIA RF-Tests and parametersMeasurement uncertainty:Uncertainty is based on the ISO GuideIt is recommended to use same setup for

measurement as for reference calibration

(no individual calibration factors on single components)

Detailed lists for the different contributionsExpanded uncertainty must not exceed

± 2dB at 95% confidence level


TRP Uncertainty for R&S TS9970 System with positioner DE3600 (no phantom head)

Contribution u_j [dB] Squared

Distribution Remarks

Mismatch 0,128 0,016 Analyzer FSP VSWR 1,5:1 Г 0,200 Antenna HL050 VSWR 1,4:1 Г 0,167 Cable loss [dB] 2.0 S21=S12 0,794

Cable Factor: Measurement Antenna cable not applicable since antenna gain >

5 dBi Receiving Device absolute level Analyzer FSP [dB] 0,500 0,289 0,083 Rectangular Measurement Distance range calibration uncertainty see test report 0,500 0,250 0,063 Normal Signal Level Ripple within quiet zone see test report 0,800 0,400 0,160 Normal EUT influence of ambient temp. 0,160 0,026 Normal Positioner Positioning uncertainty of EUT against phantom

not applicable for free space

Miscellaneous measurement system repeatability

0,200 0,040 Normal

Total Uncertainty 0,623 0,388 Expanded Uncertainty (k = 2) 1,246



264 Measurments per DUT

425 Samples / GSM-Burst ( 300 requested), FSP internal measurement routine

Test time for complete scan, 2 polarisations, 3 channels: typ. 20 min (3 bands, 3 channels typ. 40 min.)

Complete measurement for GSM:

3 bands2 polarizations2 configurations (antenna extended and retracted)3 modes (free space and simulated mode (left / right ear)

Result = 240 min (4 h)

Facts of TRP Measurements


4 h Test time per GSM DUT causes problems to the system stability:

264 points per TRP measurement

2 configurations (antenna inside and retracted)

3 modes (free space and simulated mode (left / right ear)

2 polarizations

Result = 3168 number of switch cycles (without band handovers)

Dual Analyzer systems will not increase the

measurement speed tremendously but the system

stability will be highly improved

Facts of TRP Measurements


Facts of TIS MeasurementsProblem: Long measurement time for BER-Measurements Measurement methode (fast leveling to RxLev):

RxLev (reception level of DUT) to requested BER of previous measurement point is known

Fast leveling to the same RxLev (only power measurement)

BER-Measurement with 200 Frames (duration approx. 1s / measurement; CTIA-request min. 135 Frames)

Leveling to requested BER-Value

Total measurement time for TIS (GSM, 1 chanel): 4 to 6 h

In total 3 channels with 2 configuration (antenna in and retracted),

3 conditions (FreeSpace / simulation mode) are necessary.


Facts of TIS MeasurementsNew technique by R&S TS9970:

Alternative test procedure statistical BER-Measurement with 95% confidence level

Early pass / fail decisionMeasurement will be extremly fast if the level is far

away from the target level. (please see Fig. 1)

If close to target BER then extended measurement time for 95% confidence level necessary

fast leveling to the target level = reduction of measurement time.


Facts of TIS MeasurementsFig.1 single limit confidence BER


System - Layout “R&S TS9970”

Radio ComTester

Switching

SpectrumAnalyzer

Controller

fully anechoic roomcontrol room

RF Generator

Measurementantenna

Link antennas

UT

azimuth phi Φ

elevation theta θ

3D Positioner

SystemController


System – Components “R&S TS9970“

SMR

FSP

CMU

RSP

TS-RSP

measurement antenna

Multi Axis Positioner

Link antenna


Complete measurement automation

of 3D measurement

Evaluation compliant to CTIA

Data export for further post processing

3D View and CTIA Data Calculation

Large variety of drivers (e.g. measurement devices

Spectrum analyzer, network analyzer, power meter)

User interface comparable to EMC software

System - Key Features (software RPS16)

EIRP

EIRP with phantom head

-10

0

10

20

30

400

30

60

90

120

150

180

210

240

270

300

330

EIRP [dBm]

Azimuth [°]

Example:


Complete CTIA 2.1 compliant (TRP and TRS)

TRS at fixed BER-level and fixed power level (CMU200)

Measurement time and performance optimized Dual specially designed Link antennas

Dual polarized measurement antenna

Dual Spectrum Analyzer mode for both H/V planes

Automatic switching of measurement and calibration paths

Optimized Uncertainty by R&S Equipment

Uncertainty calculations

Supporting different Multi Axis Positioning Systems

System - Key Features “R&S TS9970“


More than 12 systems worldwide

CTIA-certified system in Europe

CTIA TIS-certified system

Customers areMobile phone manufacturers

Test houses

Network operators

Combinations with R&S EMC-Systems

Combination with chambers and

positioning systems of different suppliers

System - References “R&S TS9970“


Turnkey System “R&S TS9970“


R&S systems cover the whole portfolio of OTA

measurements

RF performance systems include CTIA compliance

TRP and TIS measurements

Customers benefit from R&S wireless and EMC know how

due to fast implementation of new technologies and standards

in the systems

High flexibility and efficiency is achieved by combinations of

performance and EMC measurement systems

Summary “Part1 OTA“


Part 2: EMC Test System Solutions


Worldwide Wireless Standards

Digital Cordless Phones

International Europe Canada Japan

DECT CT2 CT2+ PHS

Wireless LAN & Broadband Wireless Access

International

BluetoothIEEE

802.11a/e/h/i

IEEE802.11b/e/i

IEEE802.11g

IEEE802.15.3a

[UWB]

IEEE802.15.4

[ZIGBEE]

IEEE802.16

[Wireless MAN]

IEEE802.16a

[WIMAX]

PDC TDMA[IS-136]

GSM

•GSM 850

•GSM 900

•E-GSM

•R-GSM

•GSM

1800

•GSM

1900

International

D-AMPS[IS-54]

cdmaOne[IS-95]

cdma2000

1xEV-DV

1xEV-DO

WCDMA-3GPP/FDD[UTRA TDD HCR]

WCDMA-3GPP/TDD

Digital Cellular Phones / Data

Japan America International

TD-SCDMA

[UTRA TDD LCR]

China


ProductConformance

Wireless Product Test Requirements

Spectrum

(R&TTE)

Requirements

EMC

(ETSI/FCC)

Requirements

„Qualification“

(3GPP)

requirements

Safety

CE / LVD

Requirements

International Mobile Telephone Standard 2000


EMC (R&TTE ETSI) EN 301 489-1 „radio multipart standard“

EN 301 489-23 BS

EN 301 489-24 UE

Spectrum (R&TTE ETSI) EN 301 908-1 („spectrum standard“)

EN 301 908-3 UTRA FDD BS

EN 301 908-7 UTRA TDD BS

ITU-R SM329-8 (spurious emissions)

Safety IEC 60950 (electrical safety)

EN 60950 (LVD)

EN 50360 (human exposure EM fields, MS)

Conformance Standards

Technical Specifications„Qualification“ (3GPP)

Conformance/Spectrum/EMC

TS 25 series (Base Stations - BS)

TS 34 series (User Equipment - UE)

TR 34.926 (EMC User Equipment)

Safety

TR 34.907 (3GPP)

TR 34.925 (Safety - radiation hazard)


+

Product conformanceProduct conformance=

Looking for the

unwanted or unintended

signals

Looking for the

wanted or intended

signals

Wireless product MeasurementsWireless product Measurements

Conformance(CE / R&TTE / FCC)

Qualification(TS... / TR... / SIG)

Basics


RF and EMC-Standards

EN 301 489EMC Multipart

Standard

FCC Part 15Radio Frequency

Devices

USA Europe


The level of the produced unwanted interference should not cause operational malfunctions of other electronically devices and minimize the risk of harmful interference.

Objective of the Standards (Emission)

An RF-Interference shall not affect the quality of the digital transmission in a way noticeable to the user.

Objective of the Standards (Immunity)

Standards for Conformance Tests

Standards EN 301 489: Multipart Standard FCC Part 15: Radio Frequency Devices (04.99)


EN 50081-1 Generic Emission (RE, CE) (EN 61000-6-3/4) EN 55022 Information Technology Equipment (ITE) CISPR 16-1 Measuring Apparatus

Emission

EN 50082-1 Generic Immunity (RS, CS) (EN 61000-6-1/2) EN 55024 Information Technology Equipment EN 61000-4-3 Radiated Susceptibility (RS) EN 61000-4-6 Conducted Susceptibility (CS) EN 61000-4-2 Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) EN 61000-4-4 Electrical Fast Transients, BS only

EN 61000-4-5 Surge ISO 7637-1&-2 Transients and surges, vehicular environment only

Immunity

Standards for EMC Tests


Standard for Tests of Wireless Products

Part 1: Common technical requirements

Part 2: Radio Paging Equipment

Part 3: Short Range Devices

Part 4: Fixed Radio Links

Part 5: Private land Mobile Radio

Part 6: DECT

Part 7: GSM and DCS

Part 8: GSM base stations

Part 9: Wireless Microphones

Part 10: CT1, CT1+, CT2

Part 11: FM BC Transmitter

Part 12: Earth Stationary 4 GHz to 30 GHz, Fixed Satellite Service

Part 13: CB radio

Part 15: Amateur Radio Equipment

Part 16: Analogue Cellular Radio

Part 17: Wideband data and HIPERLAN

Part 18: TETRA

Part 19: ROMES

Part 20: MES and MSS

Part 22: VHF aeronautical radios

Part 23: UMTS (BS)

Part 24: UMTS (MS)

Part 25: CDMA MC (MS)

Part 26: CDMA MC (BS)

Content of EN 301 489


Content

Scope References Definitions and abbreviations Test Conditions

–Modulation

–TX parameter

–RX parameter Performance assessment

–Transmitter

–Receiver Performance criteria

Applicability overview tables

Methods of measurements and limits for EMC emission

Test methods and levels for immunity tests

Annex

–Compliance with the EU council

Content of EN 301 489-1


Scope of EN 301 489

Minimum technical characteristics for radio data transmission Equipment with following parameters:

transceivers, transmitters, receivers

fixed, mobile, portable application

integral antenna and/or antenna connectors


Test Conditions

power source of equipment replaced by test power source normal and extreme test voltages; tolerance of ±1% during test

Power Source

temperature: + 15 °C to + 35 °C

rel. humidity: 20 % to 75 %

normal power source Voltage: (AC 49 to 51 Hz, lead-acid battery 1,1* nom. Voltage)

Normal test Conditions

Extreme Test Conditions temperature: -20°C to 55°C, (vary by different products)

0°C to 35°C (indoor) extreme range of host equipment for plug-in radio devices

extreme power source Voltage: (AC nom. ±10; lead-acid battery0,9/1,3 * nom. V., Lithium 0,85/1,15; NC 0,9/1,15 * nom. V.


Methods of Measurements

Effective radiated power conducted and radiated, normal

and extreme test conditions

Peak power density conducted or radiated, normal

test conditions

Frequency range conducted or radiated, normal

and extreme test conditions

Spurious emissions conducted and radiated, normal

test conditions

Spurious emissions conducted and radiated, normal

test conditions

Transmitter Receiver


Measurement uncertainty

radio frequency 1 x 10E-5 total RF power, conducted 1,5 dB RF power density, conducted 3 dB spurious emissions, conducted3 dB all emissions, radiated6 dB temperature 1 °C humidity 5% DC and low frequency voltages 3%

Confidence level 95%

Measurement Uncertainty


Test Site Requirements

Ground plane

measurement distance: 3m (up to 1GHz), any suitable distance (> 1GHz)

equipment size < 20% of measuring distance

EUT / substitution antenna 1,5 m height

test antenna height vary between 1 and 4 m

Open air test sites (OATS)

test setup similar to open air test site

fully anechoic chamber with floor absorbers allowed

no height variation -> simplifies method of measurement

Fully Anechoic Chamber (FAC)

Test antenna: size shall not exceed 20% of measurement Distance

substitution antenna: dipole (tuned, or shortened) and horn radiator

Antenna Requirements


Measurement

Narrow band responses are disregarded (Immunity)

If NOGO :

step 1: increase/decrease frequency by +/-10 MHz

step 2: increase/decrease frequency by +/-12.5 MHz

if the deviation does not disappear with the increased and/or decreased frequency, the phenomenon is considered wide band and therefore

an EMC problem and the equipment fails the test.

communication link established

level of wanted signal 30 dB above maximum usable sensitivity (MUS)

modulated test signal representing normal intended use

Test Conditions


Measuring of spurious emissions up to 12.75 GHz

according to ETSI Limit for spurious emissions: - 47 dBm

Measuring of interferences up to 10th harmonics according to

FCC Part15

Limit for interferences: 44 dBµV/m at 3m test distance with

average detector and 100 kHz Bandwidth above 1 GHz

Radiated RF-Emission measurementsSpurious Measurements

Emission on a frequency, or frequencies, which are outside the necessary bandwidth and the level of which may be reduced without

affecting the corresponding transmission of information.

Spurious emissions include harmonic emissions, parasitic emissions, intermodulation products and frequency conversion

products but exclude out-of-band emissions.


Definition of Spurious emission for 3G

fc fc+1fc-1

s pu

riou

s e

mis

sio

n s

Ou

t of b

an

d e

mi s

s io

n s

Ad

jac e

nt c

ha n

ne

l

necessary bandwidth

Max. output power

ACLR

250% x BW


Mesurement of Spurious

use selective receiver or spectrum analyzer

mean and peak weighting functions

resolution bandwidth given as 3 dB BW - should be equal to reference bandwidth

video bandwidth: at least as large as resolution bandwidth - preferable three to five times as large

fundamental rejection filter usually required

Coupling device (conducted) : directional coupler

Antenna (radiated): tuned dipole or reference antenna with known gain

Measurements Method


Limits of Spurious acc. ITU-R SM.329-8

fundamental spurious max. freq..9 kHz – 100 MHz 9 kHz – 1 GHz 1 GHz

100 – 300 MHz 9 kHz – 10 th harmonic 3 GHz300 MHz – 5.2 GHz 30 MHz – 5 th harmonic 26 GHz

5.2 – 13 GHz 30 MHz -26 GHz 26 GHz13 – 150 GHz 30 MHz – 2 nd harmonic 300 GHz

150 – 300 GHz 300 GHz 300 GHz

5 Categories:

Category A maximum permitted spurious emission power levels

Category B more stringent as defined and adopted by Europe

Category C more stringent as defined and adopted by USA and Canada

Category D more stringent as defined and adopted by Japan

Category Z for ITE according CISPR


Standards & Limits for Emission

Standard Frequency range Limit Corresponding equivalent

EN 55022 230 MHz to 1 GHz 37 dBV/m -50 dBm

EN 301 489 25 MHz to 1 GHz -57 dBm 30 dBV/m

Tx-mode

EN 301 489 1 GHz to 12.75 GHz -30 dBm 57 dBV/m

Tx-mode

FCC Part 15 restricted band 15.209 54 dBV/m -33 dBm

30 MHz to 230 MHz 30 dBV/m -57 dBmEN 55022


EN 301 489 Rx-mode

Limit according to EN 301 489 Rx mode -57 dBm versus EN 55022


EN 301 489 Tx-mode

Limit according to EN 301 489 TX mode -30 dBm


FCC Part15

Limit acc. to FCC Part 15 in the frequency range 4 GHz to 8 GHz


FCC Part15

Limit acc. to FCC Part 15: 54 dBµV/m versus EN 301 489 TX


HP Preamp. Cabling ESIB

F1 = 0,7 dBG1 = -0,7 dB

F2 = 2,5 dBG2 = 40 dB

F3 = 3,0 dBG3 = -3 dB

F4 = 30 dB

dBGGG

F

GG

F

G

FFFges 7,332,2

4256

11000

8511

12

85,0

178,117,1

111

321

4

21

3

1

21

dBGG

F

G

FFFges 398,1

5000

11000

10000

1278,1

11

21

3

1

21

Formula without High-Pass Filter

System Noise at Antenna Port:

Radiated RF-Emission measurements


Protection against saturation effects for Receiver and Preamplifiers

Internal or external preselectors or yig filters are not enough! Attenuate the carrier signals from the tested device by notch and

high pass filters.

TXRadiated Power

Frequency

pre-selector

excluded bandnotch filter curve high pass filter

Even if no RF-Measurements are made directly at the carrier frequency, but close to them.



Test Environment (Definition)

RadiatedFar Fieldr > 2

RadiatedNear Field/2 > r < 2 Reactive

Near Fieldr < /4


Test Environment (Definition)Plain Wave

Far Distance to the tested Device

Distance r > 2d2/

for r > 2and d: diameter of radiating area

Example: 1800 MHz


Test Environment „Conformance“General Proposal for a Site Layout

Anechoic Chamber(AC)

CP1

CP3

EUT

10,10 m

5,5

1 m

5,00 m

3,0

0 m

AP3AP1

AP

4

No

tch+

EM

I

Mon

+E

MS

5,00 m

3,00 m

1,00 m

AP

2

1,50 m

CP2



anechoic chamber

EMI Receiver

PC with SW

EUT

ControllerMast/TT

FilterUnit

Turn deviceMast/TT

Radio ComTester Circular polarized

communication antenna

Test Setup for radiated Emissions (30 MHz to 3 GHz)


Test Setup for radiated Emissions (3 GHz to 40 GHz)


anechoic chamber

EUT

Turn deviceMast/TT

EMI Receiver

PC with SW

ControllerMast/TT

FilterUnit

Radio ComTester

3 GHz to 18 GHzwith high pass filter

18 GHz to 40 GHz

Circular polarizedcommunication antenna


Test SystemMeasurements of EMI: “TS9976 (Emission)”


Filter + Switching for:

Test Receiver TX Antenna RX Antenna Tracking Generator Radio Com. Tester

Built in preamplifier, power splitter notch filter (max 6 ) High Pass Filter (max 4) 40 dB Notch @ 200 kHz BW five elements very stable over time & temperature passband loss ,6...1,5 dB

System features and merritsFilter Units of R&S Test Systems


Susceptibility Tests acc. TS 34.124 (UE)

Performance Assessment

performance assessment basedon a speech call and data call

Equipment which can provide a continuous communication link

Equipment which can only provide a discontinuous communication link

(packet data/ transmission)

manufacturer shall define

performance assessment:

method of observingdegradation of performance

Equipment which does not provide a communication link

manufacturer shall define performance assessment;

shall be simple but proof that the primary functions are operational

Ancillary equipmenttested connected to UE



In speech mode: (continuous phenomena)audio breakthrough uplink/downlink 35 dB below reference level

In data transfer mode:BER < 0.001 or BLER < 0.01 (data pattern to assess theError Ratio are BER, BLER or end user data)

operate as intended

no loss of user control functions

no loss of stored data

communication link shall have maintained

no unintentional transmission (idle mode)

Performance Criteria


AudioAnalyzer

control room

Audio Breakthrough Measurement

CommunicationAntenna

Acoustictube

(plastic)

EMSTest System

AudioGenerator

ArtificialMouth

Calibrator

MeasurementMicrophone

EMSAntenna


Radio ComTester

AudioBox Anechoic

chamber


Radio ComTester

control room

BER measurement (EUT without data application ancillary)

CommunicationAntenna

EMSTest System

Data application

device

Fiber OpticalConnection

UT

EMSAntenna

a b

c

C

B A

RadioLink


Datamonitoring

device Anechoic chamber


Radio ComTester

Anechoic chamber

control room CommunicationAntenna

EMSTest System

EUT

Part of testsystem

BER measurement (EUT with data application ancillary)

EMSAntenna

RadioLink

b

c

a

AB

C


Data monitoring

device

Dataapplication

ancillary

UT


Test System „TS 9981“


EMC Measurements of wireless devices are done in

Europe according to ETSI EN 301489 Multipart standard.

Summary

ETSI standards are product family standards, they

refer to generic standards (e.g. EN 61000-6-X) and basic

standards (e.g. CISPR 22, CISPR 16, EN61000-4-x)

Conformance tests - which are not typically EMC tests

are required e.g. radiated / conducted Spurious

Emission, Power density, Adjacent Channels and those

under normal and extreme conditions.


To declare the conformance of a wireless product, the

requirements of R&TTE-, EMC- and Low Voltage-

Directive needed to be tested.

Summary

TS9976 for EMI and TS9982 for EMS.

TS89xx for Qualification and conducted conformance.

To follow this requirements an combination of Test-systems are required.


R&S Test System SolutionsOTA / CTIA

Documents

ROHDE & SCHWARZ OTA TEST SYSTEM SOLUTIONS 1SPV-Ko | 2005/06 | 1 OTA „Over The Air“ Test System Solutions for Wireless Devices