ROHDE & SCHWARZ NEWS

Analog handheld tester for routine tests on FM radios

Cost-efficient MIMO OTA measurements: reference test system demonstrates feasibility

File-based workflows in TV studios with digital video servers and storage systems

The new portable direction finder leaves no signal undetected – whether in vehicles or on foot

Tracking down interference – with a handheld device

WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES STUDIO TECHNOLOGY

NEWS 205/12

NEWS

Published by Rohde & Schwarz GmbH&Co. KG Mühldorfstrasse 15 · 81671 München

Customer Support Europe, Africa, Middle East | +49 89 4129 123 45 [email protected] North America | 1 888 837 87 72 (1 888 TEST RSA) [email protected] Latin America | +1 410 910 79 88 [email protected] Asia/Pacific | +65 65 13 04 88 [email protected] www.rohde-schwarz.com Editor and layout: Redaktion Drexl&Knobloch GmbH (German) English translation: Dept. GF-MC7 Photos: Rohde & Schwarz Printed in Germany Volume 52 Circulation (German, English, French, Spanish and Japanese) 75000 approx. three times a year ISSN 0028-9108 Supply free of charge through your nearest Rohde & Schwarz representative Reproduction of extracts permitted if source is stated and copy sent to Rohde & Schwarz München. PD 5214.3875.72

R&S® is a registered trademark of Rohde & Schwarz GmbH&Co. KG. Trade names are trademarks of the owners. CDMA2000® is a registered trademark of the Telecommunica tions Industry Association (TIA-USA). The Bluetooth® word mark and logos are registered trademarks owned by Bluetooth SIG, Inc. and any use of such marks by Rohde & Schwarz is under license. “WiMAX Forum“ is a registered trade-mark of the WiMAX Forum. “WiMAX,“ the WiMAX Forum logo, “WiMAX Forum Certified,“ and the WiMAX Forum Certified logo are trademarks of the WiMAX Forum. All other trademarks are the properties of their respective owners.

Locating the sources of interference and other signals requires the greatest pos-sible mobility and flexibility – especially in applications involving coarse location tracking from a vehicle, followed by fine tracking on foot up to the location of a signal source, such as in buildings. This difficult task can be made a lot easier by a small, portable, high-performance direction finder. And now, one is finally available.

The new R&S®DDF007 portable direc-tion finder is the first of its kind. It turns any vehicle into a high-precision mobile direction finder in just a few minutes. On foot, for example inside buildings or in difficult terrain, this highly com-pact, easy-to-carry instrument helps operators pinpoint the location of a signal source. With its integrated wideband receiver and compact DF antennas, this small giant is unique on the global market. Designed for flexibil-ity and a wide range of applications, the R&S®DDF007 redefines what modern direction finding can do.

Cover feature

4

Radiocommunications testersW R&S®CTH analog handheld tester

The “Swiss army knife” of analog radio testers – versatile and handy ...............................6

Test systemsW R&S®CONTEST software platformRF test applications for the early development phase of mobile stations .....................................8

W New concept for measuring radiated spurious emissions on LTE devicesCompact and cost-efficient test setup ........................................... 12

WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES GENERAL PURPOSE

Test systemsW R&S®OSP120 open switch and control platform

Easy setup of small RF test systems ................................. 21

Audio analyzersW R&S®UPP audio analyzer

Testing HDMI devices........................ 24

Test cellsW MIMO OTA reference test system Test system with new reference test chamber at the Rohde&Schwarzplant in Memmingen ......................... 14

W R&S DST200 RF diagnostic chamberAutomated OTA and RSE measure-ments with 3D positioner directly on the lab bench ................................ 16

The new MIMO OTA reference test chamber at the

Rohde&Schwarz plant in Memmingen. It demon-

strates the feasibility of inexpensive MIMO OTA

measurements(page 14).

OverviewNEWS 205/12

BROADCASTING

MISCELLANEOUS

EMC / FIELD STRENGTH

RADIOMONITORING / RADIOLOCATION

STUDIO TECHNOLOGY

Spectrum / signal analyzersW R&S®FSV-K54 optionThe fast and secure way to certification: EMC diagnostics during development .......................... 28

Coverage measurement systemsW R&S®BCDRIVE broadcast drive test softwareEfficient coverage analysis for terrestrial broadcast networks ........... 32

ReferenceW Digital video servers and storage systemsTeleZüri opts for file-based workflows with systems from DVS Digital Video Systems GmbH, a Rohde&Schwarz subsidiary............ 35

Direction findersW R&S®DDF007 portable direction finder

Tracking down interference – in vehicles and on foot ...................... 38

W Masthead .........................................2

W Newsgrams ................................... 42

High-end systems from DVS Digital Video

Systems GmbH, a Rohde&Schwarz subsidary,

are used at all strategic positions in the new

productionchainofTeleZüri(page 35).

NEWS 205/12 5

6

Fig. 1 TheR&S®CTHperformingmeasurementsonaradio.

Versatile and handy portable analog testerWhen field personnel have to rely on secure radiocommunications, they make sure that their radios are

routinely tested for proper functioning – either in the depot or in the field. An easy task with the R&S®CTH

handheld tester. No expert knowledge is needed – simply connect the radio to the tester, and transmitter

and receiver measurements start immediately.

The “Swiss army knife” of analog radio testersThecompact,robust,battery-operatedR&S®CTH(Fig. 1)isa versatile functional tester for analog FM radios. The easy-to-use tester with its clearly displayed measurements results isanindispensablefieldtool.Itssmallsize(10 cm×20 cm×3.7 cm)andlowweight(530 g)makeiteasytostowand

carry. The handy R&S®CTH also features a perfect mix of func-tions. It provides everything users need to test analog radios in the field – from transmitter and receiver measurements to distance-to-fault measurements to field strength measure-ments. Its low power consumption ensures long operating and standby times.

Key features of the R&S®CTHExtensive measurement capabilities ❙ Transmitter frequency ❙ Transmit power and antenna matching ❙ Cableless transmitter test (R&S®CTH200A) ❙ Cable fault finder (R&S®CTH200A) ❙ Voice reporting (R&S®CTH200A)

Handy and ergonomic ❙ Well lit display ❙ Handy dimensions ❙ Long operating and standby times ❙ Ergonomic operation ❙ Transit case

Rugged and all-weatherproof ❙ Robust and shockproof ❙ Splashproof ❙ Wide temperature range

WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES | Radiocommunications testers

Fig. 2 TheR&S®CTHwithtransitcaseandaccessories.

Fig. 3 Scopeoffunctionsofthetwomodels.

Testing of all basic radio functionsDuring transmitter measurements, the R&S®CTH deter-mines the transmitter frequency and the radiated power. It canmeasurepowerbetween0.1 Wand50 Winthe30 MHzto512 MHzfrequencyrange.Thereflectedpowermeasure-ment allows the antenna matching to be determined. For receiver measurements, the R&S®CTH generates an FM sig-nal that includes an audible test sound as well as a sound that is below the audible spectrum which is used for the squelch function. For sensitivity measurements, users can vary the generatedsignallevelin0.5 dBsteps.TheR&S®CTHtestsall basic radio functions needed for error-free operation. It is immediately ready to use and performs the required measure-ments within seconds.

The tester can measure transmitter frequency over the air interface and displays the field strength as a bargraph. This functional test is very useful since it also allows users to test radios that are installed in a vehicle, for example. The user simply switches on the radio and pushes the talk key. The R&S®CTH will then check the transmit path and can detect a transmitter failure, an incorrect transmitter frequency or even an improperly connected antenna.

R&S®CTH100A R&S®CTH200A

Transmitter measurements

Forward power • •

Reflected power • •

Frequency counter • •

Receiver measurements fixed RF level adjustable RF level

Squelch • •

Demodulation • •

Additional measurements

Over the air – •

Distance to fault – •

Voice reporting – •

The tester’s cable fault finder is designed for coaxial cables withlengthsofupto480 mandcanbeadaptedtodifferenttypes of cables using the adjustable velocity factor. This mea-surement helps to locate any cable faults between the radio and distant antennas.

Easy operation and robust designWith a minimum of keystrokes, the user can navigate through the tester menu, make settings or start measurements. If the display cannot be read, e.g. when the R&S®CTH is in a loca-tion that is difficult to look into, the tester can transmit the measurement results via the RF connection to the radio for voice reporting. Its mechanical and electrical robustness make it ideal for use in the field, even under harsh environ-mental conditions.

Well-protected in practical transit caseA robust, watertight transit case in line with MIL-STD-810F (Fig. 2)isavailablefortheR&S®CTH.Thetransitcasefea-tures an automatic air pressure equalizing valve to make sure that the case opens easily even if air pressure conditions have changed. The tester and its accessories are protected by per-fectly fitting foam material and are immediately ready for use. Anotheroptionalaccessoryconsistsofa50 Wloadresistor,cables and BNC adapters.

TheR&S®CTHcomesintwomodels;Fig. 3showsthevariousfunctions.

Markus Hendeli; Gottfried Holzmann

NEWS 205/12 7

WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES | Radiocommunications testers

8

RF test applications for the early development phase of mobile stations The higher spectral efficiency, extended bandwidth and MIMO concepts used in the LTE wireless standard

mean that tests for the relevant chipsets and mobile stations become more complex. The R&S®CONTEST

software platform efficiently reduces test time and expense. Using the convenient user interface,

predefined R&D test applications can be easily combined to set up reconfigurable, customer-specific RF test

scenarios.

A wide range of special tests in each development phase The requirements for the many tests performed during the development of mobile stations (MS) until certification vary widely. In the beginning, the emphasis is on customer-spe-cific tests. As development progresses, the focus shifts to testsinlinewiththe3GPPTS 36.521-1specification [1].Test cases specific to network operators are becoming more important and are often a modified form derived from TS 36.521-1.

In the first phase of MS development, for example, individ-ual transmitter and receiver building blocks need to be tested in non-signaling mode. For this purpose, downlink signals are generated in line with the LTE test specification, the measure-ment values from the MS are read out, and the uplink signals transmitted by the MS are analyzed.

Measurement of transmitter characteristics includes checking the signal power, the signal quality and the radiated frequency spectrum. Transmission quality depends on many factors. Satisfactory transmitter optimization requires precise mea-surement analysis under various conditions, including in par-ticular different types of modulation (QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM) and different numbers and offsets of resource blocks.

Initial receiver measurements, such as ACK/NACK through-put ratio and discontinuous transmission (DTX), are also con-ducted in non-signaling mode. The number of samples is pre-set and the receive quality is analyzed on the basis of the ACK/NACK information in the MS. Propagation conditions such as interference and noise must be generated in realtime, e.g. using the R&S®SMU200A vector signal generator.

Automation using the R&S®CONTEST software platform and predefined R&D test applicationsIt is possible to get a quick handle on the basic character-istics of an MS with a few manually performed initial mea-surements. But when it comes to recording long, complex measurement sequences or reproducibly repeating single measurements, users often feel the need for automation.

Rohde&Schwarz addresses this need with the R&S®CONTEST software platform and its convenient graphical user interface. Userscanselectfromawiderangeofcurrently60R&D testapplications – from simple instrument settings to complete test cases. The parameter sets have been tailored to the respective test application for ease of use. The test and stimu-lus scenarios mentioned above can be quickly set up by com-bining test applications from the LTE signaling, measurement, interfererandmiscellaneousgroups(Fig. 1).

The built-in intuitive test plan editor allows users to combine test applications in a specific order and also to control the test flow. Graphical programming tools let users add loops, con-ditions and comments. Each test plan saves parameters that can be declared globally and exchanged between test appli-cations. It is also possible to add small C# code blocks, for even more flexibility. Test plans can be stored, copied and rerun at any time.

Perfect combination: the R&S®CONTEST software platform and scalable test systemsThe R&S®CONTEST software platform with its numerous instrument drivers supports a broad range of T&M instru-ments (see box on page 9), making it the ideal solution for controlling scalable test systems. Since these T&M instru-ments are also used for conformance test cases, there is a high degree of consistency in all phases – from R&D to pre-compliance to conformance testing.

WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES | Test systems

Fig. 1 Quickand

easy setup of test

scenarios using the

R&S®CONTEST soft-

ware platform’s

predefined test

applications.

The R&S®CONTEST software platform supports the following instruments:

Signal generatorsR&S®SMU200A, R&S®SMBV100A, R&S®SMF100A, R&S®SMP

Fading simulatorsR&S®AMU200A

Signal / spectrum analyzersR&S®FSQ, R&S®FSG, R&S®FSU, R&S®FSP

Network analyzersR&S®ZVK, R&S®ZVA

Communications testersR&S®CMW500

Power suppliesR&S®NGMO, R&S®NGSM

Power metersR&S®NRP-Z, R&S®NRVD

RF combining unitsR&S®TS-CONN, R&S®CMW-Z24

RF switch platformsR&S®OSP, R&S®ISSCU, R&S®WSSCU, R&S®SSCU-MIMO

Climatic chambers Vötsch, Espec, Thermotron, TestEquity

One task that continually recurs when combining test applica-tions for test systems is interconnecting the instruments. The resulting path transmissions have to be measured and taken into consideration during signal stimulation and measure-ment. The platform also provides applications for calibration and functional testing of the system.

Complexly interconnected instruments and RF components are easily handled with the R&S®CONTEST platform. Mod-eling of RF components and their connections ensures that the correct paths are selected and that the connected instru-ments are operated in the proper range based on the path properties. The software continually checks the feasibility of the requirements placed on the test system.

As the development of an MS progresses, measurements are performed in signaling mode, i.e. after a connection has been established between the simulated base station and the MS. Developers have more flexibility when performing mea-surements because they do not need to follow the LTE speci-fications exactly. They can adapt test scenarios to the current development phase of a DUT, e.g. with respect to the support

NEWS 205/12 9


10

of the 3A test mode or signaling characteristics. A convenient feature is the easy parameterization of R&D test applications asshowninFig. 2.Inthisscenario,thesignal-to-noiseratio(SNR) is decreased until the ACK/NACK throughput ratio is lessthan95 %.

The R&S®CONTEST test report has been specially designed to meet R&D requirements. The standard report contains a sequential description of test sequences and conclusive graphs. Users can add comments to the report and, using the intuitive report navigation, they can zoom in to view wave-formsindetailandaddcomments(Fig. 3).

When development of the MS nears completion, precom-pliancetestsinlinewith3GPPTS 36.521[1]needtobeper-formed. During these tests, more test conditions are sim-ulated, e.g. different fading models and environmental influences such as temperature, humidity and power supply. The R&S®CONTEST test cases are based on the same mea-surement functions as the R&D test applications, ensuring easy comparison of measurement results. An MS is one step closer to certification when it has passed a number of tests inlinewithTS 36.521.TheGlobalCertificationForum(GCF)and the PCS Type Certification Board (PTCRB) stipulate which tests have to be performed.

Fig. 2 Throughput

measurement test

scenario.


Fig. 3 R&S®CONTEST

test report with

comments.

SummarySimple operation, flexibility in test applications and auto-mated test sequences that are easy to combine enhance the efficiency of tests in the early development phase of an MS. The R&S®CONTEST software platform can be used for scal-able test systems all the way through certification testing. The software platform can also be used for simultaneous voice and data LTE (SVDLTE) measurements. It works perfectly together with the R&S®TS8980 test system family, which consists of the R&S®TS-RRM radio resource management, R&S®TS8980L1layer 1RFtester,R&S®TS8980LBSlocationbased services and R&S®CMW-PQA performance quality anal-ysistestsystems[2].

Stefan Ballmann; Detlef Wiese

References[1] 3GPP 36.521-1 V9.3.0 test specification, “User equipment (UE) conformance

specification;radiotransmissionandreception,part 1:conformancetesting“.[2] R&S®TS8980 RF conformance test system family for LTE and WCDMA / HSPA+.

Article available on the internet (“News&Events”, “R&S News Magazine”, No. 202).

NEWS 205/12 11


12

Compact system for measuring radiated spurious emissions on LTE devices The European R&TTE Directive and standardization bodies such as the ITU specify radiated spurious emis-

sion (RSE) measurements for wireless communications devices. The conventional approach to measuring

RSE uses notch filters to suppress strong wireless carrier signals. However, this approach is impractical for

Long Term Evolution (LTE) which uses 258 combinations of frequency bandwidths. Rohde&Schwarz now

presents a new test concept that significantly reduces costs and effort.

Strict requirements: high sensitivity …Regulatory authorities do not make any compromises when it comes to specifications for RSE measurement. And for good reason: If wireless devices radiate outside the speci-fied frequency ranges, they will interfere with other instru-ments, radio systems or services. Manufacturers, test houses and regulatory authorities use standard-specific RSE tests to check whether wireless devices fulfill these conditions.

For the LTE wireless standard, these measurements are not easy to implement. Test systems must have a high dynamic range. The relevant RSE tests have a defined measurement rangefrom30 MHzto12.75 GHz,withanequivalenttrans-mitpowerof–30 dBm.Theinherentnoiseoftestsystemsmust be as low as possible to have a sufficient measurement safetymarginatthestipulatedlimitof–30 dBm.Thiscanonlybe realized with a built-in low noise amplifier (LNA), especially because of the relatively high and frequency-dependent free-space path loss at a measurement distance of three meters. Cable attenuation has an impact, too, even if it is partially compensated by the antenna gain.

… combined with high signal levelsHigh signal levels represent a further difficulty for RSE mea-surements. A transmitting wireless device radiates the LTE carrier signal. In the worst case it has a low frequency of 800 MHzinpowerclass3,i.e.atthemaximumoutputpower

of23 dBmplus /minustolerances.Thesestrongsignalsmustnot interfere with the measurement.

For conventional wireless standards such as GSM and WCDMA, wireless devices are tested using notch filters in front of the LNA to suppress these signals. The passband of these filters features very steep slopes to permit accu-rate measurements at carrier offsets of ±2 channels. How-ever, this conventional measurement approach has several disadvantages: ❙ Each frequency band and bandwidth requires a separate filter

❙ Only one carrier frequency measurement per filter can be performed without time-consuming retuning

❙ Steep-sloped filters are bulky and need a lot of space ❙ The many signal paths and RF relays reduce the mean time between failures (MTBF)

❙ Calibration is time-consuming and costly

For GSM, this measurement approach typically requires four notch filters. The WCDMA standard with its overlapping fre-quency bands requires nine filters – and a corresponding amount of space.

This measurement method is impractical for LTE which has 43 defined frequency bands, each with six bandwidths. 258 notch filters would be needed to cover all frequency band-width combinations, a space-consuming and costly solution.

The compact solution from Rohde&SchwarzThat is why Rohde&Schwarz has developed a new test con-cept for radiated spurious emission measurements on LTE devices. First, it takes advantage of the fact that LTE operates at a lower output power than GSM and WCDMA. Second, Rohde&Schwarz has the right receiver for this application: the R&S®ESU EMI test receiver which offers an exceptionally highsensitivityoftypically–155 dBm/Hzandahighdynamicrangeof80 dBintherelevantfrequencyrange.

Fig. 1 Extremelycompact:EquippedwiththenewR&S®OSP-B155

plug-infiltermodule,the2 HUR&S®OSP130openswitchandcontrol

platform covers all LTE bands.


Another component is the new filter module for the R&S®OSP130openswitchandcontrolplatform(Fig. 1).TheR&S®OSP-B155 filter module shifts the received signal spec-trum into the optimum power range to allow full use of the dynamic range of the connected R&S®ESU EMI test receiver. RSE measurements can be performed with sufficient sensitiv-ity without any notch filters.

The R&S®OSP-B155 has a built-in LNA to amplify small sig-nals and can simultaneously receive high-level signals. The result is higher sensitivity and lower noise floor. A highpass filter prevents the harmonics of the built-in LNA from distort-ing measurement results. The module takes up two of the three slots on the R&S®OSP130. To expand an existing filter matrix to cover LTE signaling, the module can simply be con-nected to a free filter path. The rest of the matrix is set to through. The R&S®OSP-B155 option features an additional signal path which can be used to expand the filter matrix. The R&S®OSP130 open switch and control platform processes the signals.

The R&S®EMC32 EMC measurement software adjusts the level during measurement to prevent overloading. In combi-nation with the R&S®CMW500 wideband radio communica-tion tester, it also controls LTE signaling.

The R&S®OSP-B155 filter module is also included in the R&S®TS8996 RSE test system. This system uses the filter

module in conjunction with its GSM and WCDMA filter mod-ules to test wireless devices for compliance with the GSM, WCDMA and LTE standards. Plus, the R&S®OSP-B155 can be used for measuring RSE on LTE devices during development, using a test setup with the R&S®DST200 compact RF diag-nosticchamber(Fig. 2).

SummaryThe R&S®OSP-B155 filter module option for the R&S®OSP130 open switch and control platform is designed to be used in combination with the R&S®EMC32 EMC measure-ment software and the R&S®ESU EMI test receiver from Rohde&Schwarz. All RSE measurements specified for LTE devices can be performed using this compact and cost-effi-cient test setup which seamlessly integrates into existing RSE filter matrices. In combination with the R&S®CMW500 wide-band radio communication tester, which provides LTE signal-ing, the setup can be integrated into an LTE test system as an independent RSE measurement system.

Per Isacsson

Thearticlestartingonpage 16showsOTAandRSEmeasurementsusing

theR&S®DST200RFdiagnosticchamber.Thearticlestartingonpage 21

presents other new modules for the R&S®OSP120 open switch and con-

trol platform.

Fig. 2 RSEmeasurementsonLTEdevices

during development using the R&S®DST200

RF diagnostic chamber.

NEWS 205/12 13


14

MIMO OTA reference test system at the Rohde&Schwarz plant in MemmingenMIMO OTA testing has not yet been fully standardized. The CTIA in the USA and the 3GPP RAN4 working

group are in the process of reviewing a range of proposals. Rohde&Schwarz has suggested to both bodies

an inexpensive method of MIMO OTA testing that centers on 3D evaluation. Its feasibility has been demon-

strated in the new reference test chamber at the Rohde&Schwarz plant in Memmingen. Customers are

invited to have their wireless devices tested by Rohde&Schwarz so that they can compare the results with

those obtained using other test methods*.

3D evaluation method indispensable for realistic test resultsIn real-life situations, wireless devices are operated in any ori-entation. Due to differences in propagation conditions, the sig-nals received by devices may come from any direction. In order to be able to assess the devices’ antenna properties in connec-tionwithmultipathreceptionatanyreceiveangle,3D evalu-ation is essential. To simulate real-life operating conditions, it must be possible to position both transmit test antennas at any point in a spherical space around the device under test.

R&S®TS8991 MIMO OTA performance test systemTheR&S®TS8991(Figs. 2and3)alsosupportsMIMOOTAtesting. It requires a test chamber based on a conventional SISO OTA test chamber with one conical cut positioner. A second dual-polarized test antenna with associated positioner for the elevation supplies a second downlink signal. The test antennas can be moved independently of each other, allowing a wide angle of arrival spread for the generated signals. The DUT is attached to an azimuth positioner containing a com-munications antenna for the uplink.

Fig. 1 ThenewMIMOOTAreferencetestchamberattheRohde&SchwarzplantinMemmingen.

* Register at [email protected] or call Tel. +49 89 41 29 12 345

WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES | Test cells

New reference test chamberThe Rohde&Schwarz MIMO OTA test method was originally checked and optimized in a first-generation test chamber measuring5 m ×5 m ×5 m.Numeroustestserieswerecon-ducted to verify the stability of the test results and to com-pare different MIMO devices. Rohde&Schwarz took part in a round robin test organized by the 3GPP RAN4 working group, in which each participant was provided with five differ-entLTE USBmodems.Thepurposeofthetestwastoobtainresults for identical DUTs using different MIMO OTA test methods. The results provided valuable input for the 3GPP MIMO OTA test standard.

In late 2011, Rohde&Schwarz commissioned a new refer-encetestchamber(Fig. 1),locatedinaseparatebuilding.Theanechoic chamber is specified for the frequency range from 400 MHzto6 GHz,makingitalsosuitablefortestsinthefieldof broadcasting standards.

SummaryThe new MIMO OTA reference test chamber is a permanent facility, set up to optimize the Rohde&Schwarz MIMO OTA test method. Customers are invited to have their wireless devices tested there. The results allow comparisons with other test methods proposed to the CTIA or 3GPP.

Erwin Böhler; Adam Tankielun

References[1] Cost-effective OTA performance testing of MIMO-enabled LTE devices.

NEWS(2011)No. 203,pp. 14–17.[2] OTA performance measurements of MIMO-enabled devices.

Rohde&Schwarz application brochure: www.rohde-schwarz.com (search term: TS8991).

[3] Rohde&Schwarz White Paper 1SP12; Two-Channel Method for OTA Performance Measurements of MIMO-Enabled Devices; www.rohde-schwarz.com (search term: 1SP12).

Fig. 2 Resultsofa

MIMO OTA test using

the R&S®AMS32 sys-

tem software.

Fig. 3 TheR&S®TS8991

test system for MIMO

OTA tests.

NEWS 205/12 15


http://www.rohde-schwarz.com

16

R&S®DST200 RF diagnostic chamber for automated OTA and RSE measurementsAn automated 3D positioner is now available for the R&S®DST200 RF diagnostic chamber. This opens the

door to automated OTA and RSE measurements in R&D and quality assurance. The test chamber is the most

compact on the market and allows users to perform measurements directly on the lab bench. Users will

especially like the excellent correlation of results achieved with the R&S®DST200 with those obtained with

larger OTA test chambers.

Fig. 1 OTAmeasurementsrequiringaminimumoflabspace:theR&S®DST200RFdiagnosticchamberwithautomated3Dpositioner,R&S®OSP130

open switch and control platform, R&S®ESU EMI test receiver and R&S®CMW500 wideband radio communication tester.

Over-the-air (OTA) measurementsEvery wireless device has to undergo OTA testing before it is put on the market. Tests have been specified by CTIA, and similarly by 3GPP, for the three-dimensional, angle-depen-dent measurement of key parameters such as total radiated power (TRP) and total isotropic sensitivity (TIS). These tests are usually carried out in an RF shielded environment. They deliver conclusive information about how a wireless device will behave in a network and are therefore required by net-work operators.

Radiated measurements with the R&S®DST200 – in a minimum of spaceThe R&S®DST200 RF diagnostic chamber allows for extremely compact test setups. It fits on any lab bench – together with the test equipment and a PC – and is easy to transport and install(Fig. 1).TheRFfrontendoftheR&S®CMW500wide-band radio communication tester contains several RF con-nectors for transmit and receive signals. In the simplest sce-nario, no RF switching matrix is required; all that needs to be done is connect the RF cables between the tester and the R&S®DST200. Users can then perform a wide range of mea-surements(Fig. 2).


Key component: the automatic 3D positionerThe new, optional R&S®DST-B160 automated 3D positioner (Fig. 3),forwhichRohde&Schwarzhasapatentpending,isthe automatic version of the existing R&S®DST-B150 man-ual 3D positioner. The equipment under test (EUT) is attached to a removable support at the center of the positioner and is rotated by two servomotors about the azimuth and the elevation axes. An optical sensor ensures high positioning accuracy, allowing both axes of rotation to be automatically reset to a defined start position. The automated 3D posi-tioner is remotely controlled via its RS-232-C interface. The R&S®AMS32 OTA performance measurement software and the R&S®EMC32 EMC measurement software include drivers for this interface.

The servomotors and the motor control unit are accom-modated in the RF shielded bottom compartment of the R&S®DST200, preventing EMI leakage to the outside which could affect receiver sensitivity measurements. The positioner is made of a very low relative permittivity material to minimize field perturbation in the EUT quiet zone.

New, cross-polarized test antennaIn OTA and RSE measurements, a series of tests are per-formed during which the EUT transmits or receives ϕ and θ orthogonally polarized fields. Rohde&Schwarz now offers an antenna suitable for performing these measurements: the new R&S®DST-B210 cross-polarized test antenna. It has two sections arranged at right angles and connected to two RF ports.Thecompactantennaachievesbroadbandradiationcharacteristicsinthefrequencyrangefrom70 MHzto12 GHzand features a high cross-polarization ratio. The measurement distance between the center of the 3D positioner and the test

Measure-ment DescriptionOTA SISO Over-the-air performance test in line with CTIA 3.1 TRP and TIS,

GSM, WCDMA, CDMA2000®, LTE

OTA MIMO Over-the-air performance test: transmit diversity, spatial multiplexing modes

A-GPS Assisted GPS performance test in line with CTIA 3.1

Coexistence Simultaneous operation of two cellular or wireless services (e.g. GSM and WLAN)

Desense Verification of OTA sensitivity degradation caused by internal EUT EMI sources (self-interference)

EMI scan Quick detection of EMI sources within the RF operating band (in-band emissions)

RSE Radiated spurious emissions measurement, e.g. to verify compli-ance with specified limits in line with ETSI EN 301908 (WCDMA) or similar standards

Fig. 2 TheR&S®DST200RFdiagnosticchamberenablesawiderangeof

measurements in R&D, quality assurance and product qualification. Fig. 3 TheR&S®DST-B160automated3Dpositioner.

antennaisapprox.280 mm.Pathlosscalibrationtablesforalltest antennas compatible with the R&S®DST200 can be found on the Rohde&Schwarz website. These tables can be used to carry out high-precision absolute-level measurements. Test antennas are easily interchanged after opening the top cover of the R&S®DST200.

Typical measurementsA-GPS testingCompared to standalone GPS, assisted GPS (A-GPS) reduces the time needed to calculate the position of a wireless device. In addition to satellite information, A-GPS uses information from the base station, such as accurate coordinates of the cell base stations and precise time information. A-GPS capability is a key requirement in order to meet the US Federal Commu-nications Commission (FCC) wireless 911 rules requiring ser-vice providers to deliver fast and reliable location information even under poor signal conditions.

The new R&S®DST-B160 automated 3D positioner and the R&S®DST-B210 cross-polarized test antenna are manda-tory options for performing A-GPS measurements with the R&S®DST200. The R&S®SMU200 vector signal generator sim-ulates eight satellites, whose downlink signals are applied to the test antenna in the R&S®DST200 in the ϕ and θ polariza-tionplanes(Fig. 4,example 3).TheEUTextractsinformationsuch as position data and received signal level from the sat-ellite data and sends it to the R&S®CMU200 universal radio communication tester via a cellular link.

A-GPSmeasurementsinlinewithCTIA 3.1canbeverytime-consuming. Testing multistandard smartphones takes several

NEWS 205/12 17


Example 2: MIMO OTA performance test; transmit diversity, LTE

¸CMW500

UL

DL 2 (θ polarized)

DL 1 (ϕ polarized)

¸DST200 (¸DST-B160, ¸DST-B210, ¸DST-B270)

110100

908070605040302010

00 20 40 60 80 100

Data throughput in %

CCDF

in %

CCDF at –105.00 dBm


CCDF at –124.00 dBmCCDF at –123.50 dBm



Example 1: OTA performance test; TRP, GSM900

¸CMW500

UL (ϕ polarized)

UL (θ polarized)

DL

R&S®DST200 (R&S®DST-B160, R&S®DST-B210, R&S®DST-B270)

18

hours, for example. The compact R&S®DST200 makes it pos-sible to perform such measurements right on the lab bench. Product optimization takes place in the lab, and developers no longer require constant access to large OTA test chambers, which are often not available at short notice.

RSE measurements – mandatory for all wireless devicesAll wireless devices need to be tested for radiated harmon-ics of the carrier frequency or other spurious emissions (radi-ated spurious emissions, RSE). Measured values must comply with specified limits in line with 3GPP, ETSI or FCC standards, for example. RSE measurements can be made using a sim-ple test setup with the R&S®DST200, an R&S®CMW500

andanR&S®ESUEMItestreceiver(Fig. 4,example 4).TheR&S®OSP130 open switch and control platform connects the ϕ or θ polarization plane of the test antenna to the test receiver input.

MIMO performance testing made easy

Theperformancegainachievedwith2×2 MIMOinthedown-link – data throughput twice as high as with SISO – has to be verified at various stages in a product’s life cycle: ❙ In R&D, e.g. during antenna design ❙ In production, for quality assurance ❙ In servicing, for quality assurance ❙ In qualification measurements

Fig. 4 FourexampletestsetupsandresultsforvariousradiatedmeasurementswiththeR&S®DST200RFdiagnosticchamber.


Example 3: A-GPS test

¸OSP130¸SMU200¸CMU200

GPS (ϕ polarized)

GPS (θ polarized)

DL / UL


Common link

Example 4: RSE test

Highpass filter

–25

–30

–35

–40

–45

–50

–55

–60

–65

–70

–75

–80

Leve

l in

dBm

Frequency in GHz2.2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 6.5 7 7.5 8¸OSP130

¸ESU8¸CMW500

ϕ polarized

θ polarized

DL / UL

Common link


RSE limit value

LTE parameter Settings for LTE link

LTE band 1 to 41, FDD, TDD, depending on EUT capabilities

Radio channels e.g. 5180 to 5279 for LTE FDD 13

Modulation QSPK, 16QAM, 64QAM

Resource blocks 1 to 100

Start of resource block 0 to 99

Transport block size index 0 to 26

Bandwidth 1.4 / 3 / 5 / 10 / 15 / 20 MHz

MIMO mode transmit diversity, open and closed loop spatial multiplexing

Fig. 5 ConfigurationofMIMOmeasurementsusingtheR&S®AMS32OTA

performance measurement software and the R&S®AMS32-K31 option.

Pass/fail measurements and qualification measurements on MIMO-enabled wireless devices can be performed using a compact and simple test setup with the R&S®DST200 RF diagnosticchamber(Fig. 4,example 2).AllLTEparame-ters can be configured with the R&S®AMS32 measurement softwareandtheR&S®AMS32-K31option(Fig. 5).Thetwodownlink signals from the R&S®CMW500, which simulates the base station, are connected to the R&S®DST-B210 cross-polarized test antenna. The automated 3D positioner aligns the EUT in any desired orientation in the polar coordinate sys-tem to provide a complete picture of the spatial MIMO char-acteristics. Receiver sensitivity is plotted in a 3D diagram that reveals any sensitivity degradation in partial areas. The aver-age data throughput is plotted versus the received signal level.

NEWS 205/12 19


Result correlation for three test chambers

CDF

in %

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0–130 –128 –126 –124 –122 –120 –118 –116

Piso [dBm/15 kHz]

¸R-Line ¸DST200OTA reference test chamber

OTA reference test chamber¸R-Line¸DST200 #1¸DST200 #1

20

Excellent correlation of results between the R&S®DST200 and larger OTA test chambersFig. 6revealsstatisticalperformance,showingthecumulativedistribution functions (CDF) for the results obtained with three different test chambers. The EUT was operated in LTE MIMO transmit diversity mode, and receiver sensitivity was mea-sured with the EUT set to six spatial orientations. The mea-surements made with the R&S®DST200 RF diagnostic cham-ber were repeated in order to verify reproducibility of results obtained with the test chamber.

The best statistical sensitivity was obtained with the OTA referencetestchamber(5 m ×5 m ×5 m),with50 %ofallantennaconstellationsyieldingatleast90 %ofthe maximum data throughput at a downlink power density of Piso ≈–127 dBm/15kHzreferencedtoanidealisotropicradia-tor.TheR&S®R-Linecompacttestchamber(1.7 m ×1.6 m ×2.2 m)andtheR&S®DST200deliveredsensitivity1 dBand2 dBlower,respectively,forthesametestparameters.Themeasurements also exhibited a high level of reproducibility for the tests performed with the R&S®DST200, with resulting CDFgraphsdifferingbynomorethan0.5 dB.

Fig. 6 CDFresultsobtainedwiththreedifferentRFtestchambersfor

receiver performance tests in LTE transmit diversity mode.

Abbreviations

3GPP 3rd Generation Partnership ProjectA-GPS Assisted global positioning system CDF Cumulative distribution functionCTIA Cellular Telecommunications Industry AssociationDL DownlinkEMI Electromagnetic interferenceETSI European Telecommunications Standards InstituteFCC Federal Communications CommissionFDD Frequency division duplexMIMO Multiple input multiple outputOTA Over-the-airRSE Radiated spurious emissionsSISO Single input single outputTD Transmit diversityTDD Time division duplexTIS Total isotropic sensitivityTRP Total radiated powerUL UplinkWCDMA Wideband code divison multiple access

SummaryThe R&S®DST200 RF diagnostic chamber together with its new options enables a wide range of automated OTA and RSE test capabilities, while offering the most compact size on the market. The R&S®DST-B160 automated 3D positioner and the test equipment are controlled using the R&S®AMS32 and R&S®EMC32 measurement software. Results are gener-ated in the same way as with large OTA or EMC test cham-bers. These features combine to open up new applications in R&D and quality assurance in production and subsequent ser-vicing by network operators. Rohde&Schwarz will continue to create new options and add-ons to make the R&S®DST200 even more flexible.

Erwin Böhler; Adam Tankielun

Thearticlestartingonpage 12discussestypicalRSEmea-surements on LTE wireless devices during development using the R&S®DST200 RF diagnostic chamber.


R&S®OSP120 now even more versatile: easy setup of small RF test systemsThe new R&S®OSP120 open switch and control platform offers two front module slots that facilitate cabling

in the lab. Together with coaxial N relays in new modules, small RF systems can be very easily set up for

test and measurement instruments with front-panel RF connectors. A new EMC module and modules with

terminated semiconductor and N relays allow easy configuration of small EMS systems.

Fig. 1 ThenewR&S®OSP120baseunitwithtwoadditionalfront

module slots (here with an R&S®OSP-B131 RF switch module).

R&S®OSP120 now with front module slotsThe new model of the R&S®OSP120 open switch and control platform(Fig. 1)opensupevenmoreversatileconfigurationoptions. While the existing R&S®OSP120 and R&S®OSP130 base units and the R&S®OSP150 extension unit offer three slots on the rear for the different modules, the new model of the R&S®OSP120 additionally includes two slots on the front that can be optionally equipped with single- and dou-ble-width modules or RF feedthroughs. This is useful for small test and measurement systems in the lab, for example, when the connection lines of a matrix wired on the rear panel are to be routed forward to the device under test or the measur-ing instrument. Or when the R&S®OSP120 is used in racks, where the front-panel cabling can now be implemented with short RF lines.

Depending on the configuration, four to twelve SMA connec-tors,fourN connectorsorcombinationsthereofcanbeimple-mented(Fig. 3).WhencombiningSMAandN connectors,thelimitations with respect to the lower power rating of the SMA connectors have to be taken into account.

The RF feedthroughs between the front and rear panels of the R&S®OSP120 are implemented by combining module panels

with N and SMA connectors and with the appropriate cable sets(Fig. 2).

As in the past, up to three modules or a combination of mod-ules with a total of three control buses are supported. This makes it possible to combine an R&S®OSP-B125 triple-width module (two control buses) on the rear panel with another module on the front panel, for example.

Fig. 2 Configurationexample:TheR&S®OSP120baseunitwith

RF feedthroughwithNconnectors,consistingoftwoR&S®OSP-B012

module panels and one R&S®OSP-Z010 RF cable set.

The R&S®OSP open switch and control platform was presented inNEWS(2008)No. 195,pp. 28–31.AnotherarticleappearedinNEWS(2008)No. 197,pp. 27–29,describingthenewR&S®OSP130 base unit and the expanded range of modules. In NEWS(2010)No. 202,pp. 24–25,newmoduleswithterminatedRF relays were presented.

The expansion continues: The new R&S®OSP120 model is now equipped with two additional front module slots in addition to new RF modules with N relays, new semiconductor relays and an EMS module.

Thearticlestartingonpage 12describeshowtoperformRSEmeasurements for the R&S®OSP130 base unit without bandstop filters by using the new R&S®OSP-B155 filter module.

NEWS 205/12 21

GENERAL PURPOSE | Test systems

Power rating of different RF connectors

10 000

1000

100

10

1

Aver

age

pow

er ra

ting

(W)

0.1 1 10 10018 26.5

Frequency (GHz)

N, TNCSMA, QMA, SMB, SMCBNC, DIN 1.6/5.6SPDT, DPD, T SMA 2.9SPnT SMA 2.9

Examples of RF feedthroughs

SMA to SMA4 × SMA to 4 × SMA(2 × R&S®OSP-B011, 1 × R&S®OSP-Z012)

or (shown below) 12 × SMA to 12 × SMA(2 × R&S®OSP-B011, 3 × R&S®OSP-Z012)

N to SMA2 × 4 N to 8 × SMA(1 × R&S®OSP-B011, 2 × R&S®OSP-B012, 2 × R&S®OSP-Z011)

or (shown below) 4 × N to 4 × SMA (1 × R&S®OSP-B011, 1 × R&S®OSP-B012, 1 × R&S®OSP-Z011)

N to N4 × N to 4 × N(2 × R&S®OSP-B012, 1 × R&S®OSP-Z010)

22

New modules with N relaysN connectors offer the advantage of higher electrical and mechanical power rating compared with modules with SMA connectors(Fig. 4).ThisisoneofthereasonswhyNconnec-tors are the prime choice especially when it comes to exter-nal RF connectors of measuring instruments. If possible, they are also used as output ports on power amplifiers. The new R&S®OSP-B131 and R&S®OSP-B132 options feature two and sixN relays(SPDT).

New modules with terminated relaysThe R&S®OSP-B129 module extends the range of terminated coaxial relays. The module is equipped with a terminated eight-fold SP8T changeover relay and two non-terminated SPDT relays. In addition to the R&S®OSP-B107 solid-state

Fig. 4 ComparisonoftheaverageRFpowerratingofdifferentRFcon-

nectors. Source: coaxial switching products, Radiall product catalog.

Fig. 5 Aselectionofnewrelaymodules.

relay (SSR) module, the portfolio now includes modules with terminated SSRs as SPDT changeover relays (R&S®OSP-B127) andSP6Tmultipositionrelays(R&S®OSP-B128)(Fig. 5).Com-pared with coaxial mechanical RF relays, SSRs allow faster, wear-free changeover but generally have higher attenuation and lower power rating.

EMS module for small EMC measurement systemsBesides the R&S®OSP-B104 relay driver module for driv-ing external power relays in an electromagnetic suscep-tibility (EMS) system, the portfolio now also includes the R&S®OSP-B114 module for easy configuration of small EMS systems. It provides the following functions:

Fig. 3 ConfigurationexamplesofRFfeedthroughs.Dependingontheconfiguration,fourtotwelveSMAconnectors,fourNconnectorsorcombina-

tions thereof can be implemented (R&S®OSP-B011 and R&S®OSP-B012: module panels; R&S®OSP-Z010 / -Z011 / -Z012: RF cable sets).

R&S®OSP-B131

R&S®OSP-B132

R&S®OSP-B114

R&S®OSP-B127


Example of a small EMS system

Forwardand reverse

Forward

Fiber optic link USB Monitor RF cable Control linesLAN

Anechoic chamber

System controller with¸EMC32 EMC measurement software

Interlock

Field sensor

Interlock logic4 x digital I/O e.g. for

control of mast polarization

DUT or

antenna for calibration

Control room(non-shielded)

Power relayN connector

BCI (or CDN)

T

T

T

T

¸SMx signal generator, 6 GHz

¸NRP-Z91power sensor

Power amplifier,150 kHz to 80 MHz

Power amplifier,0.08 GHz to 1 GHz

Power amplifier,1 GHz to 4 (6) GHz

¸OSP open switch and control plattform

¸OSP-B114¸OSP-B1283 × SP6T, SSR,terminated

¸OSP-B114EMS module

Free module slot

❙ A transfer relay (DPDT) with N connectors for switching between two amplifiers and two transducers (antenna or coupling network)

❙ An interlock circuit with an interlock loop, an output for an interlock display, a terminated SSR for separating the sig-nal generator from the amplifier input (safety switch off if interlock loop is open) and digital inputs / outputs for further applications such as controlling antennas

Fig. 6showsanexampleofsystemwiringfortestingelec-tromagnetic susceptibility. The combination of the amplifi-ers’ forward and reverse outputs with terminated SSRs of the R&S®OSP-B128 module eliminates the need for a sec-ond power sensor. Using the R&S®OSP open switch and control platform and its modules has a major advantage because a configuration can be progressively adapted and expanded into a complex system in order to meet increasing

Fig. 6 ExampleofRFwiringforasmallEMSsystemusingtheR&S®OSP-B114ESMmodule,theR&S®OSP-B102RFswitchmoduleandthe

R&S®OSP-B128 multiposition relay.

requirements. The EMS test system is controlled by the R&S®EMC32 EMC measurement software.

SummaryThe additional front module slots of the R&S®OSP120 open switch and control platform and the new N relay modules are especially useful in lab applications where cabling has to be performed on the front of the instrument. By using special modules, e.g. the EMS module, in combination with general switch modules, an efficient setup of EMC test systems and future customer specific expansions is possible.

An overview of all available modules for the R&S®OSP open switch and control platform is included in the data sheet (www.rohde-schwarz.com, search term: OSP).

Gert Heuer; Bernhard Rohowsky

NEWS 205/12 23



24

R&S®UPP audio analyzer: testing HDMI devicesHigh-resolution digital television signals and top-quality surround sound are the standard in consumer

audio and video systems today. Devices communicate and transmit data over a high-definition multimedia

interface (HDMI). The interface’s numerous features are quite a challenge for test and measurement equip-

ment. Fitted with the R&S®UPP-B4 option, the R&S®UPP audio analyzer meets all the requirements for

conducting comprehensive audio measurements on HDMI components.

HDMI – the standard in consumer electronicsWith the arrival of advanced CD and DVD players, digital audio connections gradually displaced previous analog solu-tions. Among professional users, AES/EBU emerged as the dominant interface, whereas in the consumer sector, devices were fitted with the Sony/Philips digital interface (S/PDIF).

The arrival of surround sound (5.1 audio, for instance) cre-ated a need for a new, more sophisticated type of interface – ideally one that could combine video and multichannel audio signal transmission over a single cable. This led to the cre-ation of the HDMI standard (see box at right), which enables digital transmission of high-resolution television and top-quality surround sound signals over the same cable. Today’s advanced TVs, DVD players, AV receivers and even game consoles all connect with one another via HDMI cables.

This technological advance has created a need for equally capableT&M equipment–aneedthattheR&S®UPPaudioanalyzer and the new R&S®UPP-B4 HDMI option fulfill.

HDMI option for the R&S®UPP audio analyzerEquipped with the R&S®UPP-B4 HDMI option, the R&S®UPP audio analyzer enables product development, quality assur-ance and production to conduct a comprehensive range of audio measurements on HDMI chips, Blu-ray™ players*, AV receivers,TVmonitorsandotherequipment.TheR&S®UPPcan conduct measurements on any combination of interfaces: For instance, it can feed I²S signals to a chip and analyze the results at its HDMI port, or it can apply HDMI test signals to the input of an AV receiver and test the audio quality on the receiver’s analog loudspeaker outputs. It can even be used to test TV monitors. The R&S®UPP audio analyzer generates test signals in HDMI format and sends them to the DUT. In the simplest scenario, audio functions, such as correct chan-nel assignment, are analyzed by means of listening tests, and video quality is visually analyzed on the TV monitor.

The option can be integrated into each of the three R&S®UPP200, R&S®UPP400 and R&S®UPP800 base units (Fig. 1).Thismeansthatallinterfacesnecessaryforaudiomeasurements are included in a single instrument:

Fig. 1 TheR&S®UPP800audioanalyzerwiththeR&S®UPP-B4option

installed. The R&S®UPP family of instruments was covered in detail in

NEWS(2010)No. 201,p. 24–27.

* Blu-ray™ is a trademark of the Blu-ray Disc Association.

GENERAL PURPOSE | Audio analyzers

Data transmission between HDMI source and HDMI sink

Display data channel

CEC

HEAC

TMDS channel 0

TMDS clock

TMDS channel 1

TMDS channel 2 Rece

iver

Tran

smitt

er

HDMI sink

Audio data

Video data

InfoFrames

E-EDID

HDCP

Consumerelectronics control

HDMI Ethernet

Audio return channel

HDMI source

Audio data

Video data

InfoFrames❙ Source product description❙ Audio InfoFrames❙ Video InfoFrames

E-EDID (enhanced extended displayidentification data)

HDCP (high-bandwidthdigital content protection)

Consumerelectronics control

HDMI Ethernet

Audio returnchannel

HDMI at a glanceHDMI is an interface developed especially for the consumer electronics sector. From the very outset, it fulfilled the con-sumers’ wish for simplified equipment cabling and easier operation of system components as well as the movie indus-try’s need for a means of transmission that afforded protec-tion against illegal copying. The standard has gradually been refined in a number of stages. Higher screen resolutions and the demand for greater color range to allow skin tones and higher-contrast scenes to be rendered better called for higher transmission bandwidths. Users also wanted to be able to operate multiple system components with a single remote control.Currently,HDMIversion 1.4isused.Itsupportsbidi-rectional data transmission (on the audio return channel), new lossless compressed audio coding methods and Ether-net connection. The data transmission rate has now risen to 10.2 Gbit/s–sufficienttomeettomorrow’sneedsandrequire-ments. With the definition of the Micro HDMI connector, the interface is gradually finding its way into mobile phones and portable audio devices, and a new locking connector means it can now be used in vehicles too. All these features make HDMI the most successful and versatile connector system ever in the field of audio and video.

❙ Four HDMI ports on the front of the R&S®UPP ❙ Two-, four- or eight-channel analyzer for parallel and concur-rent measurements on analog channels. The inputs are bal-anced XLR female connectors; a BNC adapter set is avail-able as accessory

❙ Digital audio interfaces in S/PDIF format with BNC and TOSLINK connectors for two-channel linear PCM audio sig-nals in line with IEC 60958. Compressed audio data streams with up to eight channels in line with IEC 61937 are avail-able for playback and – after Dolby® decoding* (optional) – also analysis

❙ Digital I²S interfaces for testing audio ICs. There are four data lines each in the transmit and receive directions, allow-ing signals for up to eight audio channels to be generated and measured in parallel

The data structure in detail – and testing capabilities with the R&S®UPPPhysical data channelsIn the HDMI world, there are sources and sinks. An HDMI device can have one or more HDMI inputs and outputs. Every input or output must comply with all requirements for an HDMI sink or HDMI source. There are four separate physical datachannelsfortransmittingthedata(Fig. 2):

❙ Four transition minimized differential signaling (TMDS) line pairs transmit audio and video data as well as InfoFrames

❙ The display data channel (DDC) is used to exchange infor-mation that facilitates the interconnection of various HDMI devices and enables data encryption

❙ The bidirectional consumer electronics control (CEC) line transmits data that allows all connected HDMI devices to be operated with a remote control

❙ The HEAC line transmits HDMI Ethernet data and contains the audio return channel

Audio dataHDMI differentiates between a two-channel data structure (stereo) and an eight-channel data structure (surround sound). The digital audio signals are transmitted as linear PCM data withupto24 bitwordlengthandupto192 kHzsamplingrate. The interface can also transmit encoded data streams, including streams compressed using conventional methods standardized by Dolby.

The R&S®UPP800 audio analyzer can generate up to eight dif-ferent test signals in HDMI or I²S format at the same time and measure up to eight signals concurrently – in HDMI for-mat, in I²S format and at its analog inputs. Unlike other HDMI T&M equipment,theR&S®UPPoffersfull,professionalaudioanalyzer functionality:

Fig. 2 HDMItransmitsdataonfourseparatephysicalchannels.

* Dolby® is a registered trademark of Dolby Laboratories.

NEWS 205/12 25


Test setup

Device under test

Videogenerator

Audiogenerator

Audioanalyzer

Optional, externalvideo generator

AUXIN

SOURCE SINK AUXOUT

Audio returnchannel

Optional, externalTV set to controlthe DUT via OSD(on screen dialog)

¸UPP audio analyzer with built-in R&S®UPP-B4 HDMI option

Audio signalsVideo signalsControl data(InfoFrames, E-EDID, etc.)

26

❙ Its signal generation capabilities range from generating sine and multitone signals for intermodulation measurements and burst and noise signals to playback of voice and music signals

❙ It can also play Dolby Digital® and Dolby Digital Plus®* encoded signals and decode them to conduct realtime mea-surements

❙ In addition to the basic measurements of level, frequency response, crosstalk, SNR, THD+N and phase, the R&S®UPP provides a number of other measurement functions, includ-ing modulation factor, DFD, DC voltage and group delay

❙ It also offers powerful FFT analysis and can display the trace in the time domain. A 1/n-octave analysis option is available as well

Video dataAudio and video data is combined in a common frame struc-ture. HDMI can transmit all of today’s common video formats in the highest quality. With the R&S®UPP-B4 HDMI option, the R&S®UPP audio analyzer can generate both audio and video data. In addition to monochrome test patterns, it can optionallyoutputmulticolorandmovingtestpatterns(Fig. 3).

Fig. 4 TheR&S®UPP-B4optionhasfourHDMIportsforconnectingDUTs.

Fig. 3 Multicolorandmovingtestpatternscanbegeneratedwiththe

optional pattern generator.

* Dolby®, Dolby Digital® and Dolby Digital Plus® are registered trademarks of Dolby Laboratories.


Users can choose any colors they wish and set a color depth of8 bit,10 bitor12 bit.ThevideoformatsareCEA-861-Estandard compliant and are available with resolutions up to 1920 × 1080 pixel.

If users require more complex video signals for test pur-poses, test patterns and video sequences can be fed in from an external source over another HDMI port on the R&S®UPP (Fig. 4).Theaudioanalyzercombinesthepicturedatawiththeaudio test signals it generates internally and transfers them to the DUT in a single HDMI data stream.

The analyzer section of the R&S®UPP receives all HDMI data and analyzes the audio content. The video content can be passed over a separate HDMI connection to an external mon-itor for visual analysis. Besides pure audio measurements, the R&S®UPP can optionally conduct a number of basic video measurements: ❙ Pixel clock, HSync and VSync frequencies, display of timing parameters

❙ Bit error rate over an HDMI transmission path ❙ Time offset between video and audio signals using the lip sync function

InfoFramesA variety of InfoFrames are transmitted over HDMI. The source product description InfoFrame, for instance, contains general information on an HDMI source. The auxiliary video InfoFrame provides an HDMI sink with a range of information, including the video format being transmitted, the color depth, colorrange,etc.(Fig. 5).

The R&S®UPP audio analyzer generates all this data to match the HDMI signals to be output. Optionally, users can edit the InfoFrame data and deliberately send incorrect data to the DUT in order to test how it will respond and to verify whether it will correct errors as required by the HDMI specification.

Enhanced extended display identification data (E-EDID)The E-EDID packet is stored in the HDMI sink, for example a TV monitor. It contains all the information that the HDMI source (such as an AV receiver) needs to transmit the video and audio data in the formats that the HDMI sink can process. The data packet is transmitted via the display data channel (DDC). The generator in the R&S®UPP reads the DUT’s E-EDID information so that the test signals can be set in the suitable format. Conversely, the analyzer provides the DUT with its E-EDID information. If required, users can alter the R&S®UPP audio analyzer’s E-EDID information in order to test how the DUT will respond. In many applications, the comprehensive functionality provided by the R&S®UPP eliminates the need for specialized HDMI protocol testers.

High-bandwidth digital content protection (HDCP)This encryption is used to prevent unauthorized copying of films, etc. When the R&S®UPP audio analyzer receives an encrypted signal, it automatically decrypts the signal for measurement.

Consumer electronics control (CEC)This is an independent, bidirectional data line which transmits signals from a remote control to all connected HDMI devices, allowing users to use the same remote control for all compo-nents in a system. In the R&S®UPP audio analyzer, the CEC data is passed on unchanged.

Audio return channel (ARC)The ARC allows audio signals to be transmitted from a TV to an AV receiver (in order to output audio through the loud-speakers in a multimedia system, for instance). With the HDMI option, the R&S®UPP analyzer can generate and mea-sure audio data on the ARC.

HDMI Ethernet channel (HEC)The HEC enables HDMI devices to access content on the Internet. For this to function, a device needs to be connected to a LAN (generally, via an RJ-45 port); it can then distribute Internet data over HDMI to other connected devices. The ARC and HEC are transmitted on a separate line in the HDMI line known as the HEAC line. The R&S®UPP audio analyzer has two RJ-45 ports for connecting the Ethernet line and testing Ethernet functionality.

Klaus Schiffner

Fig. 5 InterconnectedHDMIdevicesuseaudioInfoFramestoexchange

functionality information.

NEWS 205/12 27


28

The fast and secure way of certification: EMC diagnostics during developmentTime-consuming fixes, repeated acceptance testing, missed market launch date? A horrific scenario, yet one

that can be avoided by using spectrum analyzers for simple EMC diagnostics during development. Since

developing complex electronic products involves tremendous cost and effort, it is worthwhile to assess

EMC properties before final acceptance testing. The R&S®FSV-K54 is a powerful option now available for

the R&S®FSVR and R&S®FSV families of analyzers.

A cost-effective way to play it safeInvesting in an in-house EMC test lab or resorting to external service providers are two methods companies can use to test their electrical and electronic innovations for compliance with official EMC regulations. Performing these types of mea-surements is often too expensive for small and medium-sized companies.

One appealing alternative is the use of precompliance test receivers and/or spectrum analyzers for performing EMI mea-surements during development and preparing for compliance testingasearlyasinthelab[*].Thesemeasurementsprovidea comprehensive overview of the basic EMI behavior of a product and help identify potential problems early on.

Since developing complex electronic products involves tre-mendous cost and effort, it is worthwhile to assess EMC properties before final acceptance testing. Otherwise, there is a risk of time-consuming and expensive fixes, which require acceptance testing to be repeated several times and, in turn, jeopardizing the planned date of market introduc-tion. Serious defects in the EMC design are practically impos-sible to fix later, which is why clear-sighted action pays off. Observing the relevant EMC regulations earlier on during the

development phase requires less time and money for ensur-ing the EMC conformance of a particular product. Then, get-ting beyond the final hurdle of “certification”, i.e. submitting the necessary proof that the specified limits have been com-plied with, is usually little more than a formality.

EMC diagnostics with spectrum analyzersThe R&S®FSV-K54 EMI measurement application option is for anyone who wants to use the R&S®FSV signal and spec-trum analyzer and the R&S®FSVR real-time spectrum ana-lyzer to perform measurements during development that very closely resemble the standard-compliant EMI measure-ment. The option is ideal for developers in the IT, communi-cations and automotive industries, for T&M and control engi-neering, household appliance development, universities and for service and test labs. The high-performance features of these analyzers simplify the way toward fast and secure certification.

EMI measurement detectorsComparing the amplitudes of noise signal spectra with the emission limits laid down in the product family standards

In research and development environments, the EMC behavior of circuit designs can be assessed and analyzed with reliable and reproducible results using the R&S®FSVR real-time spectrum analyzer (photo) or the R&S®FSV signal and spectrum analyzer. The analyzers offer a high degree of accuracy and sensitivity for detecting even low signals with the precision stipulated.

EMC / FIELD STRENGTH | Spectrum / signal analyzers

(EN 55011toEN 55025)requiresusingthedefinedIFband-widths and detectors, e.g. in line with CISPR. Detectors with CISPR-compliant time constants are slow due to their required transient response, making them unsuitable for fast preview measurements. For this reason, fast peak and aver-age detectors are used to identify the critical disturbance lev-els and frequencies. The R&S®FSV-K54 option includes all the necessary detectors for this purpose. The advantages of the R&S®FSVR and R&S®FSV spectrum analyzers, with their fast sweep cycles and simultaneous display of up to three traces of different detectors (e.g. two Pk+ traces and one AV trace), prove valuable when performing these types of measurements.

Detectors with CISPR-compliant time constants are used only for final measurements when analyzing critical frequen-cies with signal levels that exceed or are very close to the limit value. In order for the impulsive disturbance to be weighted correctly, the measurement time required for the final test is one second per frequency.

Correct pulse weighting – with bandwidths in line with CISPR and MIL standardsA qualitative assessment yielding average accuracy is often sufficient for EMC measurements performed during devel-opment, e.g. when localizing disturbance sources with sen-sors or near-field probes. However, this is less true for test setups and coupling devices used to measure the disturbance voltage, disturbance power and disturbance field strength in order to find out whether a DUT complies with the maximum permissible limit values. These types of measurements require a precise, reproducible, quantitative assessment with speci-fied IF bandwidths and detectors. The CISPR bandwidths cor-respondtothepulsebandwidth(approx.–6 dB)andaretobeused in line with the corresponding CISPR bands: ❙ CISPRbandA(9 kHzto150 kHz) Bres = 200 Hz ❙ CISPRbandB(150 kHzto30 MHz): Bres = 9 kHz ❙ CISPRbandC(30 MHzto300 MHz): Bres = 120 kHz ❙ CISPRbandD(300 MHzto1 GHz): Bres = 120 kHz ❙ CISPRbandE(1 GHzto18 GHz): Bres = 1 MHz

Features of the R&S®FSV-K54 option Function BenefitsEMI bandwidths bandwidths for commercial (CISPR) and military (MIL) standards standard-compliant IF bandwidths provide for correct, reproduc-

ible measurements of the pulsed energyEMI detectors detectors with weighting factor for pulse analysis standard-compliant signal analysis using detector weightingLimit lines limit lines in accordance with standards direct comparison against specified limits with PASS/FAIL resultsCorrection value table (transducer factors)

frequency-dependent correction values for installed accessories greater accuracy during amplitude measurements by considering the frequency response of the accessories

Log. sweep logarithmic sweep correlation and easy comparison using measurement screenshots for documentation purposes

Measurement marker linking of selectable detectors to the measurement markers to allow weighting of the signal levels for direct comparison with the limit line

immediate level comparisons deliver critical PASS/FAIL informa-tion for specified limits

Frequency table Peak search

marker peak search for a maximum of 16 points critical signals are displayed immediately and can be analyzed using the measurement marker and selectable detector

Touchscreen menu, function and parameter selection on the display convenient operation Enabling of options via key code

installation of option easy upgrade of spectrum analyzers for EMI diagnostics, without having to recalibrate the instruments

Spectrogram mode standard with R&S®FSVR optional with R&S®FSV (R&S®FSV-K14)

seamless recording of a frequency band over time for the analysis of critical signal amplitudes

Operating mode: realtime mode

realtime analysis (R&S®FSVR only) seamless recording and analyzing of unstable, sporadic signals with CPU processing

❙ EMI measurement detectors: peak, quasi-peak RMS, average, as well as CISPR-average and RMS-average

❙ 6 dBbandwidthsorbandwidthsinlinewithCISPR 16-1-1:200 Hz,9 kHz,120 kHz,1 MHz

❙ 6 dBbandwidthsorbandwidthsinlinewithMIL stan-dard:10 Hzto1 MHz,decadical

❙ Measurement marker with selectable detector assign-ment

❙ Limit line comparison and consideration of correction value tables (transducer factors)

❙ Logarithmic frequency axis

Key features of the R&S®FSV-K54 option at a glance

NEWS 205/12 29


¸FSV

¸FSVR1 Hz 10 Hz 100 Hz 1 kHz 10 kHz 100 kHz 1 MHz 10 MHz 100 MHz 1 GHz 10 GHz

¸FSVR40 40 GHz¸FSVR30 30 GHz¸FSVR13 13.6 GHz¸FSVR7 7 GHz

¸FSV40 40 GHz¸FSV30 30 GHz¸FSV13 13.6 GHz¸FSV7 7 GHz¸FSV3 3.6 GHz

Range of analzers

30

Spectrum analyzers normally offer resolution bandwidths with Gaussian or Gaussian-like distribution characteristics with a specifiedbandwidthof3 dB.However,bothCISPRandMILstandardsrequiresteep–6 dBfiltersforEMImeasurements.

EMI limit lines, transducer tables The new option for measurement tasks performed during development expands the range of Rohde&Schwarz spec-trum analyzers by adding a database with limit lines in line with the relevant standards. They can be easily activated to display any potential out-of-limit conditions during tests (LIMIT CHECK). When using different limits, e.g. for proprie-tary standards in the automotive industry, the other limit lines can simply be entered and saved in the tables.

The effect of attenuator pads and pulse limiters, as well as cable losses, antenna factors and the frequency response of an external preamplifier must be taken into consideration to

Fig. 2 TheR&S®FSVRand

R&S®FSV family of spectrum ana-

lyzers in combination with the

R&S®FSV-K54 option offer nine dif-

ferent models for performing EMI

measurements.

ensure high measurement accuracy and reproducibility. These frequency-dependent correction values are stored in transducer tables. Depending on the application and how the measure-ment is activated, the correction values are calculated into the current readings, without affecting the measurement speed.

The R&S®FSV-K54 option provides all the required settings and analysis functions for diagnostic and precompliance measurements. It shows critical signals identified using the AUTO PEAK SEARCHfunctioninawell-organizedtable:Val-ues that overshoot the limit line are shown in red, valid sig-nal amplitudes in green and values lying within the toler-ancerange(MARGIN)inyellow(Fig. 1).Allthesefeaturesare included in the entire R&S®FSVR and R&S®FSV family of spectrum analyzers, offering users nine models for perform-ingEMImeasurementsinthe10 Hzto40 GHzrangeforEMIapplications(Fig. 2).

Example: working with broadband noise spectraIf the user is certain that a DUT is only emitting narrowband disturbance and no broadband pulsed signals, it is also pos-sible to perform the measurement using a spectrum analyzer equipped with an overload indicator at the RF input and cou-pled with the RF attenuator setting. The coupling ensures valid, reproducible measurements and an accurate level display.

If pulsed disturbance signals are present in the spectrum, caution is required. The spectrum of very short pulses or pulses with steep edges can reach very high frequencies. The input of the spectrum analyzer is loaded with high voltages. The spectral components of these voltages are outside the analysis bandwidth and may overload the analyzer. This need not necessarily trigger an overload detector but can also be expressed by incorrectly displayed signal amplitude values that appear to be below the limit lines. The result: successful EMC measurements during development but an unpleasant surprise during certification.

Fig. 1 ThemainmenuforEMIapplicationsofferedbythe

R&S®FSV-K54 option.


Measurement on a switching power supply

1101009080706050403020100

dBuV

0.15 1.00 10.00 30.00MHz

: QP Value

Fre-

quency

Corr.

factor

Reading

dBμV

Emission

dBμV

Limit

dBμV

Margins

dB

Notes

No. MHz dB QP AV QP AV QP AV QP AV Notes

1

1

0.19770 0.12 56.10 51.78 56.22 51.90 63.71 53.71 –7.49 –1.81

2

2

0.32969 0.12 52.33 47.23 52.45 47.35 59.46 49.46 –7.01 –2.11

Peak ReadingQP LimitAV Limit

Measurement on a switching power supply

120110100

908070605040302010

0–10–20

dBuV

0.01 1.00 10.00 30.00MHz

0.10

Fre-

quency

Corr.

factor

Reading

dBμV

Emission

dBμV

Limit

dBμV

Margins

dB

Notes

No. MHz dB QP AV QP AV QP AV QP AV Notes

1

1

0.06585 0.12 119.42 117.13 119.54 117.25 87.49 N/A 32.05 N/A

: QP Value

Peak ReadingQP LimitAV Limit

Fig. 3 EMImeasurementperformedduringdevelopmenttoshowcon-

ducted disturbances on a switching power supply in compliance with

EN 55022.Therearetwocriticalsignalpeaksat197 kHzandat329 kHz.

Fig. 4 SamemeasurementasshowninFig. 3,butwiththefocusonfre-

quenciesbelow100 kHz.At65.8 kHz,thefundamentalfrequencyofthe

switching power supply with a signal amplitude that is too high.

Fig. 3showstheresultsofanEMImeasurementperformedduring development to show conducted disturbances on a switchingpowersupplyincompliancewithEN 55022.Themeasurementbetween150 kHzand30 MHzshowstwocrit-icalsignalpeaksat197 kHzandat329 kHz,whicharejustbelow the quasi-peak limit lines. Even when analyzing the measurement with the quasi-peak detector, they are still withinthevalidrange.Intherangebelow100 kHz(Fig. 4),however,thereisaninterfererat65.8 kHz(thefundamen-tal frequency of the switching power supply) with a high sig-nalamplitudeat110 dBμV.Thisamplitudeislargeenoughtooverload the RF input of many analyzers. The entire energy content of the input spectrum makes up the total load; the signalsat197 kHzand329 kHzareharmonicsofthefunda-mentalfrequency(3×and5×)oftheswitchingpowersup-ply resulting from overload. This is not immediately apparent inFig. 3,whichiswhy,forthesakeofsafety,asteep150 kHzhighpass filter should be used when performing conducted EMI diagnostic measurements during development with spectrum analyzers, in general in the case of unknown DUTs. In the example above, this filter would have suppressed the fundamental frequency of the switching power supply at 65.8 kHzbyapprox.60 dB.Overloadingwouldhavebeenpre-vented and the measurement result would have been correct.

SummaryThe R&S®FSV-K54 EMI measurement application option expands the R&S®FSVR real-time spectrum analyzer and the R&S®FSV signal and spectrum analyzer by adding EMC func-tions such as CISPR and MIL bandwidths, CISPR detectors, limit lines, correction value tables and logarithmic sweep display. As a result, EMC measurements can be performed quickly at the diagnostic and precompliance level. Convenient analysis and marker functions allow the analyzers to serve a key role during EMC measurements in development. How-ever, utmost reliability and reproducibility are achieved using full-compliance EMI test receivers with integrated preselec-tion filters.

The two well-established R&S®FSVR and R&S®FSV spectrum analyzer families also include the entire range of features pro-vided by general-purpose analyzers. They offer a variety of options for measuring RF parameters and analyzing digitally modulated signals.

Volker Janssen

Reference* CISPR16-1-1,2010(Ed. 3):Specificationforradiodisturbanceandimmunitymea-

suring apparatus and methods.

NEWS 205/12 31


System overview

Individual analysis with a spreadsheet file

Effective analysis with a Google Earth file

R&S®BCDRIVE broadcast drive test software

One or more R&S®ETL or R&S®ETH TV analyzers and one GPS receiver

GPSsignal

Broadcast signal(s)

32

Efficient coverage analysis for terrestrial broadcast networksIn combination with an R&S®ETL or R&S®ETH TV analyzer, the new R&S®BCDRIVE broadcast drive test soft-

ware quickly and reliably performs measurements to acquire the geographical distribution of the signal

quality during drive tests. The system delivers accurate results with a single drive test – for multiple

frequencies and for a large number of terrestrial broadcast standards. The intelligent functionality for

displaying vast amounts of measured data in Google Earth makes it possible to recognize critical reception

areas with pinpoint accuracy.

New possibilities for an ordinary taskOperators of terrestrial broadcast networks have to com-pletely and reliably cover specific regions and areas. For this reason, they use complex simulation programs during the planning phase to predict and check the coverage that will be provided by planned transmitter sites. Yet because the propa-gation characteristics of a region are complex and cannot be determined in detail, a series of real field measurements must be performed after commissioning to verify the actual cover-age situation.

Most terrestrial broadcast signals are received at a stationary position, which is why coverage specifications are frequently designed for this type of reception. In order to analyze the coverage conditions in this situation, a test vehicle is driven to a number of separate locations to take a representative

stationary measurement at each. The vehicle is often equippedwitha10 mantennamastinordertoensurethatthe reception conditions resemble those of rooftop antennas to the greatest extent possible. Since this method is highly time-consuming, in most cases it is only possible to approach a coarsely meshed network of measurement points in prac-tice. Hence, the actual coverage of a region is analyzed with less detailed information.

In contrast, measurements performed continuously while the test vehicle is moving provide information about the recep-tion at many different locations in a short amount of time. However, at increasing vehicle speed and in the case of pro-nounced multipath reception, the Doppler effect will cause the signal quality to decrease, meaning that the signal qual-ity does no longer represent stationary reception conditions. Still, these types of measurements are useful for the follow-ing tasks: ❙ Analysis of the receive field strength, since this is not affected by the Doppler effect

❙ Analysis of broadcast services intended for mobile recep-tion and that therefore explicitly include the Doppler effect in their coverage requirements

❙ Preparation for subsequent stationary measurements, which are then limited to locations where mobile reception was not possible

R&S®BCDRIVE: intelligent and efficientNo matter what method is performed — stationary measure-ments, mobile measurements or a combination of the two — the new R&S®BCDRIVE broadcast drive test software from Rohde&Schwarz gives users a tool for performing coverage analyses quickly with a minimum of resources. The program can control one or more R&S®ETL or R&S®ETH TV analyzers to accurately perform all measurements required for quality assessment and root cause analysis at one-second intervals — in accordance with a variety of terrestrial broadcast standards

Fig. 1 IncombinationwiththeR&S®ETLorR&S®ETHTVanalyzers,the

R&S®BCDRIVE broadcast drive test software quickly and reliably per-

forms measurements to acquire the geographical distribution of the sig-

nal quality.

BROADCASTING | Coverage measurement systems

(Figs. 1and2).R&S®BCDRIVEcanevenberundirectlyontheR&S®ETL so that no additional controller is required during the drive test. All that is additionally required is a USB GPS receiver (e.g. R&S®TSMX-PPS) and a measurement antenna for the desired frequency range. The transducer function included in the R&S®BCDRIVE broadcast drive test software makes use of the measurement antenna characteristics and automatically converts the signal power into the more reliable receive field strength value.

The software provides two methods for performing a com-plete analysis of all the frequencies transmitted in a terrestrial broadcasting network during a single drive test. Firstly, each frequency is measured by a dedicated TV analyzer. Advan-tage: Maximum measurement speed delivering maximum spatial resolution, particularly for mobile measurements. Sec-ondly, a single TV analyzer can also be used to measure mul-tiple frequencies cyclically in series — but at the expense of the measurement speed and lower resultant spatial resolution. Both methods can also be combined as needed to achieve a well-balancedcompromisebetweencostandspeed(Fig. 3).

Maximum user friendlinessR&S®BCDRIVE performs as much of the configuration as pos-sible. For example, the software works in the background to automatically identify any available R&S®ETL or R&S®ETH TV analyzer and to configure them for field measurements by activating the preselector or automatically adjusting the expected input level.

The clearly structured, task-oriented operating concept requires just a few easy configuration steps to quickly achieve the desired results. Help texts and context-related tooltips explain the function and effect of each specific setting.

When performing stationary analysis at several predetermined locations, the software ensures that all instruments are cor-rectly configured upon arrival at each measurement point and that recording can be started at the press of a button.

R&S®ETH – full support of DVB-T/DVB-H and ISDB-TReceive field strength

Signal synchronization

Modulation error ratio Bit error rates

Channel impulse response

DVB-T / DVB-H ● ● ● ● ●ISDB-T ● ● ● ● ●

R&S®ETL – support of many broadcast standards

Receive field strength

Signal synchroni-zation

Modulation error ratio

Bit error rates

Channel impulse response

Signal-to-noise ratio

MPX level /peak deviation

RDS bit error rate

ATSC ATSC Mobile DTV

● ○ ○ ○ ○

DAB / T-DMB ● ● ● ● ●DTMB ● ○ ○ ○ 1) ○ 1)

DVB-T / DVB-H ● ● ● ● ●DVB-T2 ● ● ● ● ●FM (radio) ● ● ○ISDB-T ● ● ● ● ●Analog TV ○ ○● Mobile measurement ○ Stationary measurement 1) For OFDM signals

Fig. 3 ThisviewinR&S®BCDRIVEshowsawell-balancedcompromise

for measuring multiple frequencies during a single drive: Two R&S®ETL

TV analyzersareusedinparallel.Thefirstmeasureschannels 1and2in

series;thesecondmeasureschannels 3and4inseries.

Fig. 2 TheR&S®ETHandR&S®ETLTVanalyzerssupportavarietyofbroadcaststandardsandprovideallmeasurementsrequiredforsignalquality

assessment — in many cases for mobile reception as well.

NEWS 205/12 33


34

Intelligent presentation of the measurement resultsThe software exports the recorded data in a format that can be displayed in Google Earth and organizes the often vast amounts of data in a way that makes critical reception areas immediately apparent. For this purpose, each numeric mea-sured value can initially be displayed on the map as a color gradient ranging from red to yellow to green in accordance with user-defined limits. Depending on the zoom level, the software aggregates adjacent values in a single spot. The color of the spot indicates the poorest of all the aggregated values.

Up to three independent color gradients can be displayed at the same time, differentiated by the size of the measurement points. The color spots can be used to show the correlation between different types of measured values for the same fre-quency, such as the receive field strength, modulation error

ratio and bit error rate. However, it is also possible to directly compare a single measured value type, e.g. the receive field strength at different frequencies. For advanced correlation analysis, Google Earth provides the appropriate feature for displaying external data, such as 3D building models or cover-age prediction results of the simulation tool used beforehand.

For more in-depth analyses, clicking any measurement point on the map opens an extensive, detailed view listing all resultsavailableforthislocation(Figs. 4and5).Formorespe-cific testing, the R&S®BCDRIVE broadcast drive test software can export data in the .csv format for spreadsheet programs used for fully customized analyses.

Marius Schipper

Fig. 4 FunctionalityfordisplayingmeasurementresultsinGoogleEarth

for direct color-based correlation analysis of the various measurements. In

this example, the receive level is indicated by the outer ring of the color

spot, the modulation error ratio by the middle ring and the bit error ratio

by the center of the color spot for each measurement location. Clicking

each of these locations opens a detailed view on a white background

(Fig. 5).DependingonthezoomlevelinGoogleEarth,adjacentmea-

surement points are aggregated automatically to ensure that the display

remains discernible.

Fig. 5 Clickingone

of the measurement

points opens a sum-

mary of all values

measured for that

location.

For more information and ordering information, visit: http://www.rohde-schwarz.com/product/BCDRIVE.html


http://www.rohde-schwarz.com/product/BCDRIVE.html

TeleZüri opts for file-based workflows with systems from DVSReliable, flexible and future-ready – these are the main reasons why TeleZüri switched to file-based work-

flows and has placed high-end systems from DVS, a Rohde&Schwarz subsidiary*, at all strategic positions

in the new production chain. Switzerland’s largest local TV broadcaster used the transition to make HD the

standard resolution in its workflows.

Challenging and future-ready TeleZüri was looking to make its production processes even more efficient, particularly for tasks such as ingest, editing, graphics and playout. The company also wanted to com-pletely switch from tape-based operation to consistent file-based workflows. The only way to achieve these challenging goalswaswithinnovative,state-of-the-arttechnology(Fig. 1).And with highly skilled partners: Jordi AG, the Swiss sys-tems partner of TeleZüri, developed the file-based workflow, and a major part of the high-end studio technology is from DVS Digital Video Systems GmbH, a new member of the Rohde&Schwarz group of companies.

Fig. 1 High-endtechnologyfromDVSmaximizesstudioefficiency,especiallyfortaskssuchasingest,editing,graphicsandplayout–andallwith

consistent file-based production processes.

DVS supplied the key equipment for the new system: six VENICE video servers, a DVS-SAN with 96 Tbyte for central storageandaSpycerBoxwith48 Tbyteforreliablenearlinestorage. TeleZüri combined this equipment with an AVECO s.r.o automation system and a NorCom Information Technol-ogy AGproductionsystemtosuccessfullytransitiontofile-based workflows. It was not possible to immediately switch to completely file-based workflows since there was still tape-based SD material to be processed, e.g. archive material and material coming from ENG cameras or satellite newsfeeds.

Pho

to: D

VS

* See box on page 37.

NEWS 205/12 35

STUDIO TECHNOLOGY | Reference

File-based production chain at TeleZüri

Craft editing

Low-res editing

Central ingest

2 × VENICE4 + 2 channels

Production storage

DVS-SAN,high availability,96 Tbyte

Nearline storage

SpycerBox, 48 Tbyte

EthernetHD-SDIFiber channelVDCPMOS

VENICE + Spycer® web service

On-air playout


Studio playout(Studio 1 + 2)


2 × rundownStudio 1

NorCom production system

AVECOautomation system

2 × rundownStudio 2

36

TeleZüriTeleZüri was founded in 1994 and was one of Switzerland’s first regional TV broadcasters, delivering information to the regioninandaroundZurich(potentialaudience:2.7 million).News broadcasts and talk shows make TeleZüri the informa-tion station for the entire Zurich region. As a forward-think-ing TV station, TeleZüri is increasingly placing importance on new distribution channels such as video on demand or mobile applications to meet the changing media consumption behav-ior among its younger audience.

VENICE video servers: fast and reliableThe six VENICE video servers provide 22 video channels spread across the entire workflow and are responsible for key broadcasting tasks such as ingest, news playout and on-air playout(Fig. 2).Contentcomingfromawiderangeofsourcessuch as ENG cameras, archive tapes, satellite newsfeeds and

Fig. 2 Sixmultichan-

nel VENICE video

servers are respon-

sible for key broad-

casting tasks such as

ingest, news playout

and on-air playout.

live signals from studios, is ingested via two VENICE video servers. The user can control all tasks via the video server’s convenient GUI. VENICE uses its integrated hardware scaler to convert source material from SD to HD in realtime so that all content is available in HD throughout the entire production chain. This solution frees journalists from time-consuming searching and conversion tasks and allows them to fully con-centrate on creative work instead.

Two VENICE video servers provide eight channels for stu-dio playout. These channels are controlled via multiple pro-tocols and systems. For playout of primary events, VENICE is connected to the NorCom newsroom control system (NRCS): Rundowns are sent to VENICE using media object server (MOS) protocol. The VENICE video server GUI not only shows users a comprehensive overview of the playlist, it also allows them to run individual clips. Thanks to the dynamic playlist, changes in the rundown such as adding additional clips or changing the running order can be done manually by the user or automatically by the NRCS even during broadcast operations.


The video servers enable title sequences with transparency effects by supporting file formats with integrated alpha chan-nel. Key and fill signals are available on the HD-SDI ports (3 Gbit/s),allowingproducersatTeleZüritoimplementsophis-ticated opening and closing sequences.

Reliable storage solutionThe DVS-SAN is configured as the system’s central storage, providing the greatest possible reliability thanks to its redun-dant design. It is able to run continuously around the clock and offers maximum availability. All connected systems such as online and offline editing workstations can directly access the data stored on the DVS-SAN. As the VENICE systems used for ingest and studio playout have no internal storage, DVS-SAN in the perfect addition thanks to its guaranteed real-time performance.

ASpycerBoxwith48 Tbytenotonlyfunctionsasreliablenearline storage, it also serves as backup and archive storage for all TeleZüri data.

In December 2010, Rohde&Schwarz integrated Hanover-based DVS Digital Video Systems GmbH into the Rohde&Schwarz group. The company, which was founded in 1985 and now has 130 employees, is the leading international manufacturer of hard-ware and software for professional film and video post production. DVS also produces digital video systems and storage solutions for the film and TV industry. With its future-ready systems, DVS offers flexible solutions for modern, file-based workflows:

VENICE multichannel video server VENICE enables fast and efficient processing of various com-pressed and uncompressed formats. The DVS system is a solid server for ingest, playout and transcoding.

Always in the picture with content managementThe intelligent Spycer® content management software from DVS is used to manage the material within the entire net-work. Spycer® offers high-speed copying processes as well as searching and editing of image data. TeleZüri opted for the Sony XDCAM EX file format as it provides a good combi-nationofimagequalityanddataratesat35 Mbit/s.Itisalsonatively supported by the VENICE video servers.

SummaryPeter Canale, Head of Business and Technology at TeleZüri, is fully satisfied with the new workflows: “We benefit enor-mously from the introduction of tapeless workflows using DVS technology. The six VENICE systems save us a consider-able amount of time, allowing us to respond more quickly and flexibly during our current broadcast operations.”

As a result of the successful transition, TeleZüri is now able to offer its services to the sports channel Schweizer Sportfern-sehen (SSF), which is located at the TeleZüri premises.

Katrin Brussa; Niklas Fabian

CLIPSTER® workstation The award-winning CLIPSTER® workstation is the world’s most popular system for bringing encrypted film to movie theaters. The DVS flagship enables users to perform all the steps in a digital intermediate (DI) workflow on one system – steps that would oth-erwise need to be distributed over several products. This worksta-tion provides online editing of film data, conversion to various out-put formats, color correction and even film restoration. CLIPSTER® can handle any level of resolution – SD, HD, 2K and even 4K.

DVS-SAN / SpycerBox storage systemsThanks to their versatility and performance, the modular DVS-SAN and SpycerBox high-end storage systems are the perfect solution for the post production and broadcast markets. The DVS-SAN han-dles hundreds of connected clients effortlessly and can provide huge amounts of data to a wide variety of processing systems. The SpycerBox improves the performance of file-based workflows.

Spycer®The intelligent Spycer® content management software acceler-ates the workflow and removes the uncertainty of finding image sequences and their metadata in complex networks. Spycer® sup-ports large post production houses and broadcast networks in cre-ating a transparent network that makes the contents of all con-nected systems available.

For more information, visit www.dvs.de

DVS Digital Video Systems GmbH headquarters in Hanover.

DVS Digital Video Systems GmbH

NEWS 205/12 37


http://www.dvs.de

38

No signal goes undetected – the R&S®DDF007 portable

direction finder turns any vehicle into a high-precision

mobile direction finder in just a few minutes. On foot, when

tracking down interference in buildings or in difficult terrain,

the direction finder helps operators pinpoint the location of

a signal source. With its integrated wideband receiver and

compact DF antennas, this compact device is unique on the

global market. Designed for flexibility and a broad scope

of applications, the R&S®DDF007 redefines what modern

direction finding can do.

Fig. 1 Short-duration

radio interference can be

easily located using two –

or preferably three – com-

pact DF stations installed

at exposed sites. The figure

shows an R&S®DDF007 por-

table direction finder with

the R&S®ADD107 com-

pactVHF / UHFDFantenna

mounted on a wooden tripod.

Tracking down interference – in vehicles and on foot

Full range of functions in a handheld formatTheR&S®DDF007portabledirectionfinder(Fig. 1)hasawide20 MHzto6 GHzfrequencyrangethatcoversallimportantradioservices.Above173 MHz,itusesthehigh-precisioncor-relative interferometer DF method. The DF system includes the R&S®DDF007 and a compact DF antenna with integrated GPS module, electronic compass and optional magnetic mountvehicleadapter(Fig. 2).Thedirectionfinder’sinte-grated wideband receiver offers ample functionality for sig-nal detection and display, including a panorama scan func-tion for the fast scanning of wide frequency ranges and a fast spectrogram (waterfall) display. The direction finder also has a map display function including triangulation that visualizes DF results on a map and makes it possible to locate transmitters bymeansofarunningfix(Fig. 3).

The R&S®DDF007 is based on the R&S®PR100 portable receiver and includes the full functionality of that device. All R&S®PR100 options are also available for the R&S®DDF007.

Unmatched versatility and flexibilityLocating radio interference sourcesWhen radio interference, such as caused by defective elec-tronic equipment, degrades or even disrupts radiocommu-nications, quick and effective action is needed. Interference often originates from inside buildings or densely built-up areas, making it difficult to locate its sources. This is the type of scenario where the R&S®DDF007 compact DF system comes into its own. Within minutes, it turns any vehicle into a DF system that can quickly detect and home in on interfer-ence sources. To identify the rooms in a building from which interference originates, the R&S®HE300 portable directional antennaisusedinsteadofaDFantenna(Fig. 4).

Fig. 2 R&S®ADD107/ 207DFantennawithmagneticmountvehicle

adapter. Fig. 3 TriangulationresultdisplayedontheR&S®DDF007.

Key features of the R&S®DDF007Wide frequency range ❙ DFmode:20 MHzto6 GHz ❙ Receivemode:9 kHzto7.5 GHzIntegrated, fast wideband receiver ❙ Fast spectrum monitoring ❙ Detailed IF spectrum display at high bandwidths ❙ Demodulation of wideband signals ❙ Signal analysis in receive mode (option)High-precision DF method ❙ Correlative interferometer DF method in the range above173 MHz

Integrated map display (option) ❙ Integration of OpenStreetMap (OSM) digital maps ❙ Triangulation based radiolocation ❙ Integration of application-specific maps (option)Control and system software ❙ R&S®DF7-CTL control software ❙ R&S®RAMON software components (options)Innovative, compact DF antennas and accessories ❙ Multi-element DF antennas in the range above 173 MHz ❙ Integrated GPS module and electronic compass ❙ Vehicle adapter with magnetic mount (option) ❙ Lightweight wooden tripod (option)Compact, lightweight lithium-ion battery pack ❙ Two hours of DF operation or four hours of receive operation (with receiving antenna) on a single battery charge

Detailed technical information and product brochure at www.rohde-schwarz.com

NEWS 205/12 39

RADIOMONITORING / RADIOLOCATION | Direction finders


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Locating short-duration radio interferenceShort-duration radio interference can be located using two, or preferably three, compact DF stations including the R&S®DDF007. The compact DF antennas are mounted on lightweight wooden tripods and installed temporarily at exposed sites, for example on the roofs of tall buildings (Fig. 1).ThecompleteequipmentforaDFstationcanbecar-ried, and the DF station set up, by just one person.

The R&S®DDF007 uses automatic or manual triangulation to locate a signal source. Manual triangulation requires no

Small, handy, and easy to operate – with a patented DF method requiring significantly less hardware

extra equipment. To locate a signal source at close range, the operator can turn a DF station into a mobile direction finder quickly and easily.

Locating public mobile radiosPublic mobile radios, which are hardly any larger than cell phones, are widely used since they are readily available and can be operated without a license. They are frequently used for mobile applications, and their emissions typically last only a few seconds. This makes it difficult to reliably locate a signal source, especially in built-up areas.

Single-channel correlative interferometer DF methodThe correlative interferometer DF method is based on measuring the phase differences between a reference element and the other elements of a DF antenna. A patented Rohde&Schwarz method makes it possible to carry out this measurement by means of a single receiver. To measure the phase angle between the signals of two antenna elements – independently of the frequency and phase modulation of the signal to be DF’d – the phase of one of the two signals is shifted in four steps (0°/ 90°/180°/270°) in the quadrature multi-plexer and then added to the second signal. The receiver measures the amplitude of the sum sig-nal after each phase shift. From the four ampli-tude values obtained, the phase angle between the two signals can be calculated. This measure-ment is performed for each antenna element.

The single-channel interferometer DF method developed by Rohde&Schwarz offers clear advan-tages over most conventional interferometer direc-tion finders that use at least two receivers. The two receive paths must be in phase and need to be calibrated accordingly since otherwise mea-surement times will be significantly extended. Moreover, the local oscillator signals need to be multiplied and distributed in-phase. This means that more hardware is necessary compared to a single-channel interferometer direction finder – an additional receive path, in-phase multiplica-tion and distribution of the local oscillator sig-nals, a calibration signal generator, calibration signal distribution and an additional cable to the DF antenna for the calibration signal.


The problem can be solved using a DF network with two, or preferably three, R&S®DDF007 based DF stations. The DF stationsareinterconnectedviaPCsandradiolinks(forexample GSM or UMTS). One PC in the network locates the target radio, using automatic triangulation, and displays the result on a map. The DF network can also be remotely controlled.

Location results can be significantly affected by DF errors, depending on the distance between the direction finder and the transmitter. High DF accuracy is therefore mandatory. Here again, the R&S®DDF007 is at the cutting edge – in con-junction with the compact multi-element DF antenna, it offers DF accuracy unparalleled for an instrument of this size.

Locating interference in security-critical areasLocating interference in security-critical areas such as air-ports, seaports or military bases, or during large events, calls for high flexibility. Here, the extremely versatile R&S®DDF007 DF systemcomesintoitsown.Itcanbedeployedasafixed or mobile DF station, or as a portable manual direc-tion finder for indoor applications. The integrated high-per-formance wideband receiver makes it possible to scan the spectrum at high speed and identify, analyze and record sig-nals(Fig. 5).Toperformdetailedsignalanalysis,classificationand demodulation /decoding in realtime, the R&S®DDF007 is

Fig. 5 TheR&S®DDF007inpanoramascanmode.Fig. 4 TheR&S®DDF007portabledirectionfinderwiththeportable

R&S®HE300activedirectionalantenna(with500 MHzto7.5 GHzmodule).

connected to a PC running the R&S®GX430 signal analysis and processing software. The R&S®DDF007 in receive mode transfers the demodulated signals as I/Q data with a band-widthofupto500 kHztotheexternalPCviaitsEthernetinterface.

SummaryThe compact DF system based on the R&S®DDF007 portable direction finder offers functional diversity and performance previously not found in a system of this size. It can be used as a fixed or mobile DF station, or as a portable manual direc-tion finder for indoor applications, and can be reconfigured within minutes to meet the requirements of a given task. The R&S®DDF007 comes with a wide range of powerful software options and add-ons, making it an excellent choice for all applications that call for a compact and flexible yet powerful DF system.

The R&S®PR100 portable receiver can be enhanced to include the functionality of the R&S®DDF007 portable direction finder. Apart from the DF antenna, this merely requires a firmware update plus the enable code. Operators can perform this upgrade on site.

Philipp Strobel

NEWS 205/12 41


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Chinese civil aviation adminis-tration deploys radio equipment from Rohde&Schwarz

The China Air Traffic Management Bureau (CAAC) purchased 294 ATC radios, which will be installed at 20 locations in the CAAC Northwest air traffic control region. The order is the largest that Rohde&Schwarz has been awarded to date for the airspace in North-western China. The R&S®Series4200 radios are used for communications between the flight operations centers on the ground and the aircraft.

New IETD software for the German armed forces

To manage interactive electronic techni-cal documentation (IETD), the German armed forces opted for a software solution developed jointly by Rohde&Schwarz and Elektroniksystem- und Logistik-GmbH (ESG). The software complements the existing sys-tem and now allows documentation to be displayed, used interactively and printed out with both stationary and mobile user equip-ment. ESG provides additional software for testing and administration. In addition, ESG is responsible for ensuring documentation is centrally available. The service package also includes maintenance contracts.

Rohde&Schwarz SIT and the Leipzig-based technology company Adyton Systems will be working together in the future to develop and market next-generation firewall prod-ucts. The basis for this partnership will be the next-generation firewall developed by Adyton with innovative technology that allows net-work traffic to be screened practically in real-time at several different levels (single pass). In the future, Rohde&Schwarz SIT will be

Korea Telecom relies on Rohde&Schwarz

Korea Telecom uses T&M instruments from Rohde&Schwarz for the wide-spanning expansion of its LTE network, which will be in progress through 2013. The two compa-nies have decided on a long-term coopera-tion. Using the scalable R&S®TS8980 RF test system, the South Korean network opera-tor is testing transmitters and receivers in LTE-compatible wireless devices. Korea Tele-com uses the R&S®CMW500 wideband radio communication tester for RF and protocol testing on LTE wireless devices. The tester also provides measurements for a smooth handover between the new LTE and existing WCDMA infrastructure.

China Mobile tests TD-LTE with T&M equipment from Rohde&Schwarz

China Mobile uses the R&S®CMW 500 wide-band radio communication tester in its research institute lab to perform RF tests on wireless devices for time division LTE (TD-LTE). China Mobile plays a leading role in TD-LTE. The Chinese 4G wireless com-munications standard succeeds TD-SCDMA, the Chinese 3G standard. The TD-LTE coop-eration with the Chinese mobile radio net-work operator is to continue on a long-term basis. The institute also performs measure-ments under real-world conditions. Since the beginning of 2011, it has already imple-mented TD-LTE test networks in six major cities: Shanghai, Hangzhou, Nanjing, Guang-zhou, Shenzhen and Xiamen.

In honor of his commitment to the university, Prof. Dr.-Ing.Dr. h. c. mult.UlrichL. Rohdewas named honorary senator of the Bran-denburg University of Technology Cottbus inOctober2011.In2008,Prof. Dr. Rohdeestablished a foundation with a generous donation from his private assets. The Ulrich L. RohdeFoundationProfessorshippromotesacademic teaching and research in the fields of electronics and information technology. One particular focus is RF and microwave engineering. In October 2009, the foundation began funding the department chair, admin-istrative office as well as the necessary lab equipment.

In addition to numerous other professorships and doctorates, Rohde was also conferred a doctorate in engineering for his work about

“active coils”.

Prof. Dr. Ulrich L. Rohde (center) was presented the highest honor by the president of the university,

Prof. Dr. WaltherZimmerli(right),andbyProf. Dr. MagdalenaMißler-Behr(left).

Professor Dr. Ulrich Rohde honored

marketing the next-generation firewall world-wide under the name R&S®SITGate to gov-ernment institutions, infrastructure operators and companies with especially sensitive data. A common criteria certified model is cur-rently in the planning stages.

Collaboration between Rohde&Schwarz SIT and Adyton Systems

NEWSGRAMS | International

HAMEG products receive dual logo

The T&M products from HAMEG Instru-ments are now directly available from Rohde&Schwarz almost anywhere in the world. The products now have a new logo including both company names to fur-ther improve the brand awareness and growth of HAMEG on an international level. HAMEG Instruments has been part of Rohde&Schwarz since 2005 and sup-plements the parent company’s portfolio of T&M productsinthelowerpricesegment.

R&S®THU9 TV transmitter receives award

The new R&S®THU9 high-power transmitter family is the winner of a superior technology award recipient (STAR) prize. Having just been introduced to the market, the transmit-ter won the coveted prize from the renowned technicalmagazineattheIBC 2011.Eachyear, the award is conferred to an outstand-ing technological innovation in the broad-casting industry. The technical editors judge the products with respect to how they ben-efit customers, e.g. efficient functioning or potential savings.

Rohde&Schwarz participated in the Long NightoftheSciencesinlateOctober 2011.In collaboration with the chair for RF engi-neering from the University of Erlangen, the company presented the joint research proj-ect TeraTom and demonstrated a mapping radar system. The project makes it possible, for example, to detect foreign bodies in food such as glass shards in chocolate or screws in muesli. One prominent visitor to the booth was the Bavarian Minister of the Interior, Joachim Herrmann.

Innovation award from EDN ChinaThe Chinese trade journal EDN China selected the R&S®RTO as the winner of its Leading Product award. The prize was accepted by the Rohde&Schwarz subsid-iary in China. The oscilloscopes won out over 16 products in the “Test and Mea-surement” category.

Funkschau: ITK Product of the Year Readers of Funkschau, a German trade journal for communications, selected the R&S®RTO oscilloscope as 2011 ITK Prod-uct of the Year. The instruments won in the category of “T&M Equipment”.

Had to manage a

big rush (from left):

Andreas Schiessl and

Christian Evers from

Rohde&Schwarz,

Prof. Lorenz-Peter

Schmidt from the

Department of

RF Engineeringat

the University of

Erlangen as well as

Sherif Ahmed from

Rohde&Schwarz.

Acting editor-in-chief Markus Kien presents

the reader prize to (from left) Dr. Markus

Freidhof (R&D), Sylvia Reitz ( product man-

agement), Guido Schulze (product man-

agement), who appeared on behalf of the

Rohde&Schwarz oscilloscopes R&D team.

Further awards for the R&S®RTO oscilloscope

Branda Huang, publisher of EDN China (first

from right), presented the prize to Ray Chen

(far left), product specialist for oscilloscopes

at Rohde&Schwarz China.

Readers of the German trade journal Elektronik rated the R&S®RTO oscillo-scope number one in the “Test and Measurement” category (NEWS (2011) No. 203, p. 70). Two additional awards have now followed:

TeraTom project at Long Night of the Sciences

NEWS 205/12 43

NEWSGRAMS | International

Your question:What does the ¸RTO have to offer at 4 GHz bandwidth?Our answer: The best precision and acquisition rate in its class.The new ¸RTO model is a powerful solution for developing digital, analog and RF designs. The extremely low-noise frontend offers the full measurement bandwidth of 4 GHz even at the smallest scaling (1 mV/div). The dynamic range (ENOB > 7 bit) is outstanding, as is the acquisition rate of 1 million waveforms per second. Fast FFT analysis, high dynamic range and a maximum bandwidth of 4 GHz also make the new ¸RTO ideal for frequency domain measurement.

For more information, visit www.scope-of-the-art.com/ad/faq-rto4

http://www.scope-of-the-art.com/ad/faq-rto4

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