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Rocks
CHAPTER
thethe BIGBIG ideaidea
Rocks change into other rocks over time.
The rock cycle shows how rocks change.3.13.1
Igneous rocks form from molten rock.3.23.2
Sedimentary rocks form from earlier rocks.3.33.3
Metamorphic rocks form as existing rocks change.3.43.4
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3.13.1
SECTION OUTLINESECTION OUTLINE
rock cycle
rock
The rock cycle shows how rocks change.
Processes at Earth's surface and heat within Earth cause rocks to change into other types of rocks.
sediment
magma
sedimentary
metamorphic
igneous
igneous rock
sedimentary rock
metamorphic rock
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3.13.1
SECTION OUTLINESECTION OUTLINE
rock cycle
rock
The rock cycle shows how rocks change.
Processes at Earth's surface and heat within Earth cause rocks to change into other types of rocks.
igneous rock
sedimentary rock
metamorphic rock
VISUALIZATION
Explore how rocks form and change.
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Igneous rocks form from molten rock.3.23.2
SECTIONOUTLINESECTIONOUTLINE
extrusive igneous rock
intrusive igneous rock
As molten rock cools, minerals crystallize and form igneous rocks.
igneous
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Igneous rocks form from molten rock.3.23.2
SECTIONOUTLINESECTIONOUTLINE
extrusive igneous rock
intrusive igneous rock
As molten rock cools, minerals crystallize and form igneous rocks.
Extrusive igneous rocks cool quickly at Earth's surface.
Intrusive igneous rocks cool slowly within Earth.
VISUALIZATION
Explore an animation showing how crystals form as molten rock cools.
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3.33.3
SECTIONOUTLINESECTIONOUTLINE
Sedimentary rocks form from earlier rocks.
sedimentLayers of sedimentary rocks form as
• sediments are pressed or cemented together
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3.33.3
SECTIONOUTLINESECTIONOUTLINE
Sedimentary rocks form from earlier rocks.
sedimentLayers of sedimentary rocks form as
• sediments are pressed or cemented together
• dissolved minerals re-form as water evaporates
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heat and pressure
3.43.4
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Metamorphic rocks form as existing rocks change.
Metamorphic rocks form as the structure of the parent rocks change and as their minerals recrystallize.
shale schist
recrystallization
metamorphism
foliation
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KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME
I. The rock cycle shows how rocks change.
A. Most rocks are made of minerals.
B. Our world is built of rocks.
3.13.1
KEY CONCEPTSUMMARYKEY CONCEPTSUMMARY
The rock cycle shows how rocks change.
C. Rocks change as they move through the rock cycle.
2. Rocks in the Crust
1. Rock Types
rock cycle
rock
igneous rock
sedimentary rock
metamorphic rock
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II. Igneous rocks form from molten rock.
A. Magma and lava form different types of igneous rocks.
B. Igneous rocks make long-lasting landforms.
3.23.2
KEY CONCEPTSUMMARYKEY CONCEPTSUMMARY
1. Origin of Igneous Rocks
2. Textures of Igneous Rocks
Igneous rocks form from molten rock.
1. Intrusive Rock Formations
2. Extrusive Rock Formations
extrusive igneous rock
intrusive igneous rock
3. Composition of Igneous Rocks
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III. Sedimentary rocks form from earlier rocks.
A. Some rocks form from rock particles.
C. Some rocks form when dissolved mineralsre-form from water.
1. Forming and Transporting Rock Particles
2. Forming Loose Sediment into Rocks
3.33.3
KEY CONCEPTSUMMARYKEY CONCEPTSUMMARY
Sedimentary rocks form from earlier rocks.
1. Coal
2. Limestone
sediment
B. Some rocks form from plants or shells.
D. Sedimentary rocks show the action of wind and water.
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IV. Metamorphic rocks form as existing rocks change.
A. Heat and pressure change rocks.
B. Metamorphic changes occur over large and small areas.
1. Change over Large Areas
2. Change over Small Areas
3.43.4 Metamorphic rocks form as existing rocks change.
1. Foliated Rocks
2. Nonfoliated Rocks
recrystallization
metamorphism
foliation
C. Most metamorphic rocks develop bands of minerals.
KEY CONCEPTSUMMARYKEY CONCEPTSUMMARY
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