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Rocks. 3.1. The Rock Cycle. Igneous Rocks. Form from the solidification of melted minerals (magma or lava). Magma = melted rock underground Lava = melted rock aboveground Extrusive Igneous Rocks – Rocks formed from hardened lava. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Rocks
3.1
The Rock Cycle
Igneous Rocks• Form from the solidification of melted minerals (magma or
lava).– Magma = melted rock underground– Lava = melted rock aboveground
• Extrusive Igneous Rocks – Rocks formed from hardened lava.– Quick cooling results in extrusive igneous rocks with fine-grained
or glassy textures.• Intrusive Igneous Rocks – Rocks formed from hardened
magma.– Slow cooling results in intrusive igneous rocks with coarse-grained
textures.
Sedimentary Rocks
Sedimentary rocks may be made of rock fragments—sediments—or by chemical reactions. The classification of sediments is shown below.
3 Types of Sedimentary Rock
• Clastic– Sedimentary rocks made of cemented sediments.
• Chemical– Form from chemical precipitation. When minerals
settle out from a solution, they come together to form chemical rocks.
• Organic– Rocks that come from the remains of organic
matter. A good example is coal.
Clastic
Chemical
Organic
Metamorphic Rocks
• Formed when heat and pressure changes existing rock.
• This can be done 2 ways:• Contact Metamorphism (heat driven) – when magma
intrudes into a previously existing rock layer, and “bakes” the surrounding rock.• Regional Metamorphism (pressure driven) – when
intense pressure is applied to previously existing rock. Is driven by plate tectonics.
Contact Metamorphism
Previously Existing Rock
Contact Metamorphism
Contact Metamorphism Cont…
Regional Metamorphism
Pressure Pressure
Types of Metamorphic Rocks
Foliated• Have a banded appearance.
Non-Foliated• No banded appearance.