Rock On!Rock On!

By:Kelcie Kawakami, Katie Guza, Lauren

Masters, Nicole Warburton, Laura Newcombe

What is Rock?What is Rock? Consolidated or

unconsolidated solid mineral matter

Different types of rock:

IgneousSedimentary Metamorphic

Rock CycleRock Cycle

The Rock CycleThe Rock Cycle

Began when earth was volcanicIgneous rocks are broken into sediments

by erosion and weatheringThey’re compacted together to form

sedimentary rocks

The Rock CycleThe Rock Cycle

Then, they were buried underground and the head and pressure made them metamorphic rocks

Then, they meet again and become igneous rock

Part 1 of the Rock CyclePart 1 of the Rock Cycle

It starts with a volcanic eruption.

Depending on where the lava cools, it can make one of two types of igneous rock.

MagmaMagma Molten/partially molten

rock beneath the earths surface

Magma forms when rock is heated by high temperatures beneath the earth’s surface (between 625 and 1200° Celsius)

MagmaMagma

Magma consists of:CopperLeadZincGoldSilver

MagmaMagma

Products used for road -building, construction, manufacturing, landscaping

Crushed lava rockPumiceCinders

MagmaMagmaThey’re good for

pollution-free thermal/electric energy

ex. Steam from the geysers of No. Cal has enough energy to produce the electricity needed for San Francisco

Igneous RocksIgneous Rocks

Rock that forms when molten rock cools and hardens

Called fire rocks

Igneous RocksIgneous Rocks

Factors that influence when melting occurs are:

Chemistry, material, pressure, presence of gases in the rock

Types of Igneous RockTypes of Igneous Rock

GraniteScoriaPumiceObsidian

PumicePumice

Lava that cools quickly above ground

Floats in water

GraniteGranite

Formed by slowly cooling pockets of magma trapped under earth

Used for long-lasting monuments, decoration etc

ScoriaScoria

Lava cooling quickly above ground

It’s a type of glass not a mix of minerals

ObsidianObsidian

Lava cools above ground

Sharp edges, is a glass

Extrusive RocksExtrusive Rocks

Above GroundWhen volcanoes

erupt, the magma that is visible above the earth is called lava

Intrusive RocksIntrusive Rocks

Below GroundFormed when

magma from deep within the earth is trapped

When its cooled, it’s called igneous

Part 2 Of the Rock CyclePart 2 Of the Rock Cycle Particles from the earth are transported down

Creates a level of sediment–Makes sedimentary rocks.

Four cycles of Sedimentary rocks:WeatheringTransportationDeposition Lithification.

Sedimentary RocksSedimentary Rocks

Made as layers of material settle into each other over time

They’re created from hardened sediment, therefore they are sedimentary rocks

Spotting Sedimentary Rocks

Spotting Sedimentary Rocks

Layers, bands, or stripes across them

Contain fossils of animals and plants

Scrapes easily Crumbles easily

Clastic and Nonclastic Sedimentary Rocks

Clastic and Nonclastic Sedimentary Rocks

Both contain:FossilsRipple marksMud cracksRaindrops from when the rock was formed

Clastic Sedimentary RocksClastic Sedimentary Rocks

Formed by weatherExamples–When rocks

break down into pebbles, sand, or clay due to wind, ice, and water

Nonclastic Sedimentary Rocks

Nonclastic Sedimentary Rocks

Formed from chemical reactions (usually in the ocean)

Examples:LimestoneRock SaltRock GypsumChert

Classification of Sedimentary Rocks

Classification of Sedimentary Rocks

ConglomerateCoarse, rounded grains64mm-256mm

BrecciaCoarse, angular grains2mm-64mm

SandstoneGrains2mm-1/16mm

Shale

Part 3 Of the Rock CyclePart 3 Of the Rock Cycle

Creation of metamorphic rocksSedimentary rocks are pushed down–Depending on the temperature and

pressure that the rock is subjected to, it can create different types of metamorphic rock.

Metamorphic RocksMetamorphic Rocks Rocks that have been

changed physically (structurally or mineralogically) by heat, pressure, or chemically active fluids

“metamorphic” means “to change form”

Metamorphic RocksMetamorphic Rocks

Affect of changes in temperature and pressure: Minerals in the rock rearrange themselves into layers OR they recrystallize into bigger crystals

They do not melt…if they did melt, they would turn into magma and therefore start the rock cycle over again

Characteristics of Metamorphic RocksCharacteristics of

Metamorphic Rocks

Have the texture of interlocking grains Layers Light and dark stripes or bands Makes a “ching” noise rather than a “chunk”

noise when tapped

Foliated Metamorphic Rocks

Foliated Metamorphic Rocks

When the rocks experience unequal pressure, the rock’s minerals rearrange themselves to reduce the overall pressure on the rock

These rocks look striped

MineralsMinerals

Inorganic Have identical chemical makeup and also their

crystal shape. If there is metal in them , they are shiny. If there is no metal, they are dull.

Examples of MineralsExamples of Minerals Gold Silver Platinum Copper Graphite Mercury Sulfur

Plate TectonicsPlate Tectonics

It is responsible for part of the rock cycleRecycles rock materialsCreates the movement for the rock cycle.

Types of Igneous RocksTypes of Igneous Rocks

Volcanic (Quickly cooled molten rock near the earth’s crust)

Plutonic (Slowly cooled rock really deep under ground.)

The Common Elements of the Earth’s Crust

The Common Elements of the Earth’s Crust

Silicate minerals: ( make up 95% of the volume of igneous rocks)

FeldsparsQuartzMicasPyroxenes Amphiboles Olivine

What is the Difference Between a Rock and a

Mineral?

What is the Difference Between a Rock and a

Mineral?

A mineral is homogenous ( pure, made of one substance)

A rock is a Heterogeneous mix of minerals.

Rock Cycle SongRock Cycle Song

( Don't forget to sing this as a "Round"; after all, it is the Rock "Cycle"! )

(Sing to the tune of "Row, Row, Row Your Boat")

SEDIMENTARY rock Has been formed in layers

Often found near water sources With fossils from decayers

Then there's IGNEOUS rock Here since Earth was born

Molten Lava, cooled and hardened That's how it is formed

These two types of rocks Can also be transformed

With pressure, heat and chemicals METAMORPHIC they'll become.

BibliographyBibliography

http://www.rocksandminerals.com/rockcycle.htm

http://www.minsocam.org/MSA/K12/rkcycle/rkcycleindex.html

http://www.chariho.k12.ri.us/curriculum/MISmart/ocean/rocksong.htm

BibliographyBibliography

http://www.moorlandschool.co.uk/earth/rockcycle.htm

http://www.beyondbooks.com/ear82/7.ask

http://www.physicalgeography.net/fundamentals/10a.html