EXAM 2 – PRACTICE VERSIONGEOL 131-WINTER 2015

CHAPTER 5 – VOLCANISM & INTRUSIVE IGNEOUS ACTIVITY1. A magma with a high silica content and a low temperature will have a ________

viscosity.a. Highb. Low

2. The two components of silica are a. Silicon and ironb. Calcium and oxygenc. Silicon and oxygend. Silicon and calcium

3. Explosive eruptions are more violent than effusive eruptions becausea. Magmas associated with explosive eruptions are generated at greater depthsb. In explosive eruptions, there is more resistance to the expansion of magma

gases c. Magmas associated with effusive eruptions are generated at greater depthsd. Magmas associated with explosive eruptions are hotter e. Magmas associated with effusive eruptions are colder

For each of the eruptive materials below, indicate the eruptive style with which it is associated. Mark “A” for explosive and “B” for effusive.

4. Blocks5. Ash6. Low –viscosity lava7. Nuee ardente

8. Magma chamber collapse forms which volcanic landform?a. Composite coneb. Cinder conec. Shield volcanod. Basalt plateaue. Caldera

Match each volcanic landform with the correct picture below.

9. Caldera10.Composite cone11.Shield volcano12.Cinder cone

1

13.Why are composite cones called composite?a. They are made of only one type of volcanic materialb. They are made of more than one type of volcanic materialc. They are narrow and steep-sidedd. They have bases that are located below sea level

CHAPTER 6 – RUNNING WATER

14.A drainage divide isa. The number of tributary streams in a drainage basinb. The sum of a channel’s depth, width, and lengthc. A boundary between adjacent drainage basinsd. A ridge separating first- and second-order streams within a drainage basin

15.The higher the velocity of a stream, the higher its discharge, all else being equal.a. Trueb. False

16.What is the discharge of a stream with the following characteristics?

2

C

Channel width: 20 metersChannel depth: 5 metersWater velocity: 3 meters/second

a. 300 m3/secb. 28 m3/secc. 12 m3/secd. 33 m3/sec

32. Saltation is a rolling or sliding motion exhibited by sediment along a stream channel bottom.

a. Trueb. False

Match the meandering stream features listed below with the correct figures.

33.Oxbow lake34.Point bar35.Cut bank36.Meander scar

3

A

Does not contain water

Contains water

B

4

C

37. Meander cutoff is a process by whicha. Oxbow lakes are createdb. Stream gradient increasesc. Meander loops are abandonedd. All of the abovee. None of the above

38.Which of the following is a characteristic of braided streams?a. Fine-grained sediment loadb. Deep channelsc. Variable discharged. Unchanging discharge

39.Which of the following is not a characteristic of braided streams?a. Coarse-grained sediment loadb. Variable dischargec. Typical of glaciated regionsd. Typical of tropical regions

40.Stream competence isa. Maximum particle size a stream can carryb. Maximum sediment volume a stream can carryc. Maximum height a stream can reach during floodsd. Maximum velocity a stream can reach

41.Stream capacity isa. Maximum particle size a stream can carryb. Maximum sediment volume a stream can carryc. Maximum height a stream can reach during floodsd. Maximum velocity a stream can reach

42.A stream whose water has a muddy appearance probably has a high volume ofa. Bedloadb. Dissolved loadc. Suspended load

43. In a meander loop, where is the zone of maximum water velocity?a. Around the inside of the loopb. Around the outside of the loopc. At the bottom of the channeld. It varies from stream to stream

44. In order for a regional flood to occur, there must be heavy precipitation and/or higher than normal volumes of snowmelt. There must also be

a. Saturated soils

b. Thunderstormsc. Failed leveesd. A tsunami

CHAPTER 7 – GLACIERS45.What is a glacier?

a. A mass of motionless iceb. A mass of moving icec. An icebergd. A snowfield

46.Most of a glacier’s movement is accounted for bya. Basal slidingb. Surgingc. Meltingd. Internal flow/plastic flow

47. The ice within a glacier moves upslope when the glacier is in retreat.a. Trueb. False

48.Which of the following causes glaciers to lose mass? (Mark one answer.)a. Calvingb. Snowfallc. Tributary glaciersd. All of the above cause glaciers to lose mass

Match each alpine glacial landform with the correct figure below (pictures continue on the next page).49.Tarn50.Cirque51.Hanging valley52.Paternoster lakes53.Glacial trough

54.The numerous gravel pits in southern Michigan are all mining what type of glacial deposit?

a. Loessb. Cirquesc. Tilld. Horns

Match each continental glacial landform below with the correct letter on the figure below.55.Esker56.Drumlin57.Moraine58.Kettle

59.Why are variations in Earth’s orbit (eccentricity, obliquity, and precession) considered likely causes of the “Ice Ages”?

a. They cause changes in the amount of solar energy heating the Earthb. They cause changes in atmospheric thicknessc. They produce changes in the atomic structure of ice crystalsd. They alter Earth’s gravity, changing the likelihood that ice masses will begin

moving

60.Which of the following is an effect of the expansion of large continental ice sheets?a. Changes in Earth’s orbital cyclesb. Depression of Earth’s crustc. Rise in sea leveld. Rearrangement of continents

61.Pluvial lakes form during Ice Ages becausea. Climates are cooler and wetter, and lakes develop by accumulation of rainfallb. Glaciers fracture the Earth’s crust, allowing groundwater to seep onto the surfacec. Glacial meltwater fills in low-lying areas near the glacier d. Ice sheets depress the crust below sea level, and ocean water floods low-lying

regions

CHAPTER 8 – EARTHQUAKES62.The following seismograms were taken from three stations located at different distances

from an earthquake’s epicenter. Which seismogram comes from the station located farthest from the epicenter?

63.How do you know your answer to the previous question is right? a. Both wave types arrive sooner on this seismogram than on the others b. The separation between the P and S waves is smallest on this seismogramc. The P-waves are strongest on this seismogramd. The S-waves are strongest on this seismograme. The separation between the P and S waves is largest on this seismogram

64. An earthquake occurs on the San Andreas Fault at a point 16 km below the Earth’s surface. The city of San Jose, California is located directly above this point. The point on the fault is the earthquake’s__________________ and San Jose is the earthquake’s ___________.

a. S-P interval; epicenter b. Epicenter; focusc. Focus; epicenterd. Triangulation; seismograph

65.How do surface waves form?a. They form when P or S-waves reach the Earth’s surface b. They originate at the earthquake’s focusc. They form when S-waves enter a fluidd. They form by vibration within the mesosphere

66.Which seismic wave type always arrives second at a seismograph station?a. P-wavesb. S-wavesc. Surface wavesd. None of the above

67. Which of the following is not a difference between P- and S-waves?a. Ability to propagate through a fluid b. Velocityc. Depth of origination

d. Vibration direction relative to direction of energy propagation

68.To determine Richter magnitude, seismologists usea. Rock strength and S-P intervalb. Moment magnitude and rupture surface areac. S-P interval and height of tallest peak on seismogramd. S-P interval and rupture surface area

69.During earthquakes, witnesses have reported feeling a relatively small but noticeable vibration under their feet, like a heavy truck passing nearby, before the main earthquake struck. This vibration is caused by

a. P-wavesb. S-wavesc. Surface wavesd. All of the above