Part 2, Computing FundamentalsChapter 2, Understanding Computers

Lesson 2-1, Exploring Computer Systems

Robert Crawford, MBAWest Middle School

Explain how input devices are suited to certain kinds of data.

Distinguish between RAM and ROM. Identify appropriate input devices for

different types of data.

UNIT O BJECTIVES

Command Handwriting Recognition System Motherboard Read Only Memory (ROM) Speech Recognition Software Stylus

KEY TERMS

A computer system is a not a single part, it is a collection of working to together to do a single job.

Parts make a whole

A computer system is a not a single part, it is a collection of working to together to do a single job.

A computing system several, different devices that perform the four basic functions of computing. . .

Parts make a whole

A computer system is a not a single part, it is a collection of working to together to do a single job.

A computing system several, different devices that perform the four basic functions of computing. . .◦ What are the four basic functions of a computer?

Parts make a whole

A computer system is a not a single part, it is a collection of working to together to do a single job.

A computing system several, different devices that perform the four basic functions of computing. . .◦ Input◦ Processing◦ Output◦ Storage

Parts make a whole

Input means entering data into the computer. The most common forms of input are ◦ Text and Commands◦ Images◦ Sounds

Input devices

Text and Commands◦ The most basic input device is the keyboard.

The keyboard is well suited to entering Text and commands.

Input devices

Text and Commands◦ The most basic input device is the keyboard.

The keyboard is well suited to entering Text and commands.

Input devices

Text and Commands◦ The most basic input device is the keyboard.

The keyboard is well suited to entering Text and commands.

◦ A command is an instruction to the computer to perform some action E.G. the print command (Ctrl+P)

Input devices

Text and Commands◦ The most basic input device is the keyboard.

The keyboard is well suited to entering Text and commands.

◦ There are other means of entering Text and Commands:

Input devices

Text and Commands◦ The most basic input device is the keyboard.

The keyboard is well suited to entering Text and commands.

◦ There are other means of entering Text and Commands: Speech Recognition Software Handwriting Recognition Software

Input devices

Text and Commands◦ The most basic input device is the keyboard.

The keyboard is well suited to entering Text and commands.

◦ There are other means of entering Text and Commands: Speech Recognition Software

Normally requires a high quality microphone, or headset, and specialized software

Handwriting Recognition Software Normally requires a specialized tablet or paper, a stylus,

and specialized software

Input devices

Text and Commands◦ There are means, other than the keyboard, for

entering Text and Commands: Speech Recognition Software Handwriting Recognition Software

◦ Both of these input methods are often well suited to computer users with disabilities; however, they have never worked well enough for general acceptance.

At this point, several of you will point out that your phone or tablet will allow for voice and handwriting input; yet, you still use the keyboard.

What do you think some of the problems are?

Input devices

Other common text and command input devices:◦ Mouse

All of the mouse commands can be performed from the keyboard. Many times this faster for experienced users. Many times this is essential for users with disabilities.

◦ Trackball◦ Track pad◦ Joystick

Input devices

Images◦ Mouse◦ Camera◦ Drawing tablet◦ Scanner

Input devices

Images◦ Mouse◦ Camera◦ Drawing tablet◦ Scanner

Sounds◦ Microphones

Input devices

Images◦ Mouse◦ Camera◦ Drawing tablet◦ Scanner

Sounds◦ Microphones

(No, not a digital voice recorder. A digital voice recorder performs all of the functions of a computer)

Input devices

The data travels from one device in the computer to another through the computers motherboard (sometimes called the mainboard).◦ This board is covered with electrical devices and

switches and it connects vital pieces such as the CPU and the memory.

Processing Device

The data travels from one device in the computer to another through the computers motherboard (sometimes called the mainboard).

Processing Device

http://education-portal.com/academy/lesson/what-is-a-motherboard-definition-function-diagram.html#lesson

The CPU◦ The main processing (calculating) device in the

computer is called for CPU. This is short of Central Processing Unit.

Processing Devices

The CPU◦ The main processing (calculating) device in the

computer is called for CPU. This is short of Central Processing Unit.

◦ This is the device that converts data from input devices into a form that you can use, such as: text, sound, and pictures.

Processing Devices

The CPU◦ The main processing (calculating) device in the

computer is called for CPU. This is short of Central Processing Unit.

◦ This is the device that data from input devices into a form that you can use, such as: text, sound, and pictures.

◦ CPUs’ actually cannot carry out vary many different instructions, from less than 100 in a Reduced Instruction Set Chip (RISC) to only about 1000 in the most complex

Processing Devices

The CPU◦ The main processing (calculating) device in the

computer is called for CPU. This is short of Central Processing Unit.

◦ CPUs’ actually cannot carry out vary many different instructions, from less than 100 in a Reduced Instruction Set Chip (RISC) to only about 1000 in the most complex.

◦ However, programs can combine these simple instructions into a, near, infinite combination. And, many CPUs’ can perform millions, or billions, of

these instructions per second.

Processing Devices

The CPU◦ The main processing (calculating) device in the

computer is called for CPU. This is short of Central Processing Unit.

Processing Devices

The CPU◦ The main processing (calculating) device in the

computer is called for CPU. This is short of Central Processing Unit.

Processing Devices

The CPU◦ The main processing (calculating) device in the

computer is called for CPU. This is short of Central Processing Unit.

◦ CPU’s generate a lot of heat

Processing Devices

RAM◦ The CPU temporarily stores on chips using

Random Access Memory.

Processing Devices

RAM◦ The CPU temporarily stores on chips using

Random Access Memory. It is important to remember that RAM requires

constant power to remain active. Once the computer is turned off, it loses all that was

stored in RAM

Processing Devices

RAM◦ The CPU temporarily stores on chips using

Random Access Memory. It is important to remember that RAM requires

constant power to remain active. Once the computer is turned off, it loses all that was

stored in RAM◦ Reading information from RAM is very fast.◦ Because programs are large and complex,

computers need large amounts of RAM.

Processing Devices

RAM◦ The CPU temporarily stores on chips using

Random Access Memory.

Processing Devices

A second kind of computer memory is read only memory (ROM).◦ These chips often contain the information needed

to start the computer (BIOS).◦ These instructions do not need to be changed

often and remain intact even when the power is turned off.

Processing Devices

Eventually, the information needs to move outside of the computer to be useful.◦ The computer presents information using output

devices. Name some output devices.

Output devices

Eventually, the information needs to move outside of the computer to be useful.◦ The computer presents information using output

devices.◦ When would these output devices be appropriate?

Monitor Speakers

headphones Printer

Output devices

In a previous lesson we talked about the difference between primary and secondary storage.

Storage devices

In a previous lesson we talked about the difference between primary and secondary storage.◦ Tell me about the difference.

Storage devices

In a previous lesson we talked about the difference between primary and secondary storage.◦ Primary memory is closer to the processor.

It is Faster It is more expensive

Storage devices

In a previous lesson we talked about the difference between primary and secondary storage.◦ Secondary memory is further from the processor.

It is slower It is less expensive Longer lasting

Storage devices

In a previous lesson we talked about the difference between primary and secondary storage.◦ We are adding one more

Storage devices

In a previous lesson we talked about the difference between primary and secondary storage.◦ We are adding one more:

Primary Secondary Off-Line

Storage devices

Explain how input devices are suited to certain kinds of data.

Distinguish between RAM and ROM. Identify appropriate input devices for

different types of data.

Things to remember

Key terms◦ Command◦ Handwriting Recognition System◦ Motherboard◦ Read Only Memory (ROM)◦ Speech Recognition Software◦ Stylus

Things to remember

Make a chart comparing, and contrasting, RAM and ROM

ISS