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7/27/2019 Robbins 5e Ch02
1/17
Robbins, Barnwell: Organisation Theory 5e 2007 Pearson Education Australia
PowerPoint to accom pany
Stephen Robbins
Neil Barnwell
Organisation TheoryCONCEPTS AND CASES
5e
7/27/2019 Robbins 5e Ch02
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Robbins, Barnwell: Organisation Theory 5e 2007 Pearson Education Australia
Chapter two
The evolution of organisationtheory
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Robbins, Barnwell: Organisation Theory 5e 2007 Pearson Education Australia 3
Aims of this lecture
Explain why and how organisation theory has
evolved over time
Identify the main phases in the evolution of
organisation theory
Discuss current trends in approaches to
organisations
Introduce the concept of paradigm proliferation
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Early contributions
The evolution of organisation theory has been
influenced by current challenges facing
organisations and by the interests of researchers
Even in ancient times, organisations had clear
hierarchies of management and division of labour
The division of labour is a person concentrating on
one job rather than a range of tasks
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1900 to 1930s - earlymanagement theories
In this period the emphasis was on raising
efficiency by improving productivity
Leading thinkers were practising managers
Frederick Taylor promoted scientific management
where jobs were standardised, production
systematised and production methods
systematically examined
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Robbins, Barnwell: Organisation Theory 5e 2007 Pearson Education Australia 6
1900 to 1930scontinued:
Henri Fayol developed his principles of
organisation which addressed the problems of
managing large organisations
His principles included the division of work, unity of
command, a clear hierarchy of management and
commitment to the organisation
Max Weber described the principles of bureaucracy
which considered to be an ideal way to manage
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Ralph Davis emphasised the importance of rational
planning in an organisation
The classical theorists of this period consideredthat organisations (and people) were easily
understood and the challenge for management was
developing appropriate management techniques
1900 to 1930scontinued:
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1930s to 1960s BehaviouralSchool
High rates of industrial disputation and worker
discontent led to attempts to better understand the
attitudes and values of workers
Many organisational behaviour theories relating to
motivation and leadership emerged during this
period
Awareness of worker attitudes was raised by Elton
Mayo and his Hawthorne studies
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1930s to 1960scontinued:
Chester Barnard viewed the organisation as a
cooperative system and urged that management
should incorporate peoples needs when organising
tasks
Douglas McGregor proposed Theory X and Theory
Y in relation to management
Warren Bennis suggested that bureaucracy was
dead and was being replaced by more flexible work
systems
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1930s to 1960scontinued:
The sociotechnical systems approach emphasised
the interaction of motivation, challenging jobs and
the quality of working life
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1950 to 1970 The unmanageableorganisation
During this period the ability to effectively manage
large organisations was questioned
Scholars such as Herbert Simon questionedwhether rational and optimal decision making took
place
The problems of managing large organisations were
brought to a wide audience by Parkinson and
Laurence Peter
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1960 to 1980 The study ofcontingency
Researchers during this period attempted to find
the best way to manage
They found that approaches to structuring werecontingent upon a number of variables
Their research methodology was based upon
studying samples of organisations for dominant
traits
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1960 to 1980continued:
Woodward proposed that the organisations
technology had a major influence upon structuring
The Aston group suggested that size exerted amajor influence
Miles and Snow studied the influence of strategy
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From 1980 Paradigmproliferation
Paradigm proliferation refers to the emergence of
many new approaches to organisational study.
Many of these have little relationship to each other
March and Simon proposed that there were limits to
rationality in organisations
Pfeffer suggested that organisations should be
viewed as political arenas
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Paradigm proliferationcontinued:
Critical theory and post modernism highlight the
negative aspects of organisational experience
The symbolic-interpretive perspective proposes thatthe organisation be studied as a social construct
Organisational economics applies economic theory,
transactions costs and agency theory to
organisations
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The study of gender in organisations investigates
the different experiences of men and women as
both workers and managers
The emergence of popular management writers and
the reflections of exCEOs brings current
experience to organisational problems and acts as a
counterpoint to academic theorising
Paradigm proliferationcontinued:
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Discussion questions
Discuss whether the scientific management
approach still applies today.
Discuss whether there is an ideal way to manage.
How would the study of organisations by managersand academics differ? How would this likely affect
their writing on organisations?
What factors have contributed to paradigm
proliferation?
What should be the main focus of organisational
theory; the workers or the organisations output?