Roadmap - REDD Monitoring and Verification Roadmap to UNFCCC COP-15 Copenhagen and Beyond

8/12/2019 Roadmap - REDD Monitoring and Verification Roadmap to UNFCCC COP-15 Copenhagen and Beyond

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Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations UN-REDD ProgrammeUnited Nations Development Programme Working Paper 3United Nations Environment Programme 2008

UN-REDD Programme

REDD-WorkshopMONITORING, ASSESSMENT AND

VERIFICATION

16 - 17 September 2008

REDD Monitoring and Verification Roadmap to UNFCCCCOP-15 Copenhagen and Beyond



The UN-REDD Programme, implemented by FAO, UNDP and UNEP, has twocomponents: (i) assisting developing countries prepare and implement national REDDstrategies and mechanisms; (ii) supporting the development of normative solutions andstandardized approaches based on sound science for a REDD instrument linked withthe UNFCCC. The programme helps empower countries to manage their REDDprocesses and will facilitate access to financial and technical assistance tailored to thespecific needs of the countries.

The application of UNDP, UNEP and FAO rights-based and participatory approacheswill also help ensure the rights of indigenous and forest-dwelling people are protected

and the active involvement of local communities and relevant stakeholders andinstitutions in the design and implementation of REDD plans.

The programme is implemented through the UN Joint Programmes modalities, enablingrapid initiation of programme implementation and channeling of funds for REDD efforts,building on the in-country presence of UN agencies as a crucial support structure forcountries. The UN-REDD Programme encourage coordinated and collaborative UNsupport to countries, thus maximizing efficiencies and effectiveness of the organizations’collective input, consistent with the “One UN” approach advocated by UN members.

UN-REDD Programme contacts:

Peter HolmgrenEnvironment, Climate Change and Bioenergy DivisionFood and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)[email protected]

Tim ClairsBureau for Development Policy, Environment GroupUnited Nations Development Programme (UNDP)[email protected]

Tim KastenDivision of Environmental Policy ImplementationUnited Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)[email protected]

Website: www.undp.org/mdtf/un-redd (www.unredd.net under construction)

Disclaimer

The UN-REDD Programme Working Paper Series is designed to reflect the activities

and progress related to the Programme. These Working Papers are not authoritativeinformation sources – they do not reflect the official position of FAO, UNDP or UNEPand should not be used for official purposes.The Working Paper Series provides an important forum for the rapid release ofinformation related to the UN-REDD Programme. Should readers find any errors in thedocuments or would like to provide comments for improving their quality, they areencouraged to get in touch with one of the above contacts.



REDD Monitoring and Verification Roadmap to UNBeyond

The following Roadmap is current result of the Washington meeting. The latest ver

Wiki page and it will be also linked from the UN-REDD Programme web site.

• The purpose of the Roadmap is to provide an overview of the monitoring an

international community, as well as activities planned and needed to make R

• The Roadmap was set up by the UN-REDD Programme but is intended to s

Programme facilitates the processes and community participation, and every

• The Roadmap is a living document and anyone can edit the Roadmap. Plea

Roadmap.

• Please add your activities, meetings, and initiatives that correspond to each

event/meeting, please also add it to the REDD event calendar (available ath

The Roadmap is separated into the following broad categories.

• Data

• Tools

• Capacity building

• Coordination

• Infrastructure

• Co-benefits

• Field sampling

• Historical deforestation trends

• Historical degradation

• Future monitoring of degradation

• Verification



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Available methodologies,

approaches and initiatives

Actions (already planned item in bold, national level

implementation in italic)

Data: Access to remote sensing data for developing countries

Make access to Landsat data easier to all users

Make all Landsat data available for free1

Make access to Landsat data easier through GoogleEarth

Create comprehensive website with links to existing

databases and link it to UNFCCC REDD data page.

Support access and use of China-Brazil Earth Resources

Satellite (CBERS2), data at least as interim solution until

new Landsat data is available

GEO Forest Monitoring Symposium3 with dataproviders for carbon estimates to discuss constraints,access schemes and cost implications

Identify and aggregate data needs of many countries for

higher resolution data for negotiation with data providers.

Enhance process to ensure international coordination of

data supply, requirements and standards

• South-south cooperation

• others?

Identify availability of historical data periods for trends

analysis and make data available

1 http://landsat.usgs.gov/products_data_at_no_charge.php

2 http://www.cbers.inpe.br/en/index_en.htm3 http://www.dpi.inpe.br/geoforest/



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Available methodologies, approaches

and initiatives



TOOLS: Access to tools and development of tools for REDD monitoring and verification

Compile existing methodologies, manuals and standards,for making better use of the existing informationAccess to tools

No currently available approaches?

Simplify access to tools: create free remote sensing REDD

monitoring toolbox.

Tools for historical trendsImplement tools and methods for interpretation ofhistorical trends with particular attention to monitoring ofdrivers.

Tools for degradation assessments(historical)

Estimate past levels of degradation at national level bycombining remote sensing areas affected by human

activities and ground observation of carbon density.

Explore applicability of existing methodologies to estimatcarbon stock changes from degradation

Develop new tools, if necessary

Develop and disseminate disturbance monitoring toolbox

Tools for future monitoring ofdegradation

• UNFCCC Tokyo methodologyworkshop4 presentations and

report

• GOFC-GOLD Sourcebook

• others?

Submit available tools to UNFCCC secretariat

4 http://unfccc.int/methods_and_science/lulucf/items/4289.php



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Expert meeting on forest degradation

GEO Forest Monitoring Symposium5

Coordinate degradation monitoring protocols

Provide input to the UNFCCC workshop and follow-upactions to address needs and opportunities identified

during the UNFCCC workshop on degradation (Oct 2008)

e.g. second expert meeting if necessary

Tools for uncertainties assessments Develop tools and methods or estimating uncertainties on

monitoring and forest degradation.

Disseminate Landsat-based deforestation and forest

disturbance monitoring program to NGO, government and

academic institutions located in rainforest nations.

Future ALOS7 missions on ecosystem structureplanned (incl. Woods Hole)

Facilitate/engage research institutions on identification of

relevant topics for assessing carbon stock changes fromdegradation for various forest types and support them

Tools for disturbance emission factors

Submit above degradation research report to UNFCCC

secretariat

Conduct studies on options to monitor co-benefits, ways to

incorporate on reporting process.Tools and methods to evaluate co-

benefitsDevelop methods and tools for monitor co-benefits.

Expand sections on degradation in IPCC Guidelines • Methodology guidelines IPCC2003 GPG and 2006Guidelines Elaborate further GOFC-GOLD sourcebook and feed later

into IPCC GPG and Guidelines

5 http://www.dpi.inpe.br/geoforest/

6 http://asnerlab.stanford.edu/7 http://www.jaxa.jp/projects/sat/alos/index_e.html



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and initiatives



Capacity building: Coordinated approach for capacity building /technology transfer at nationa

Raise REDD awareness and motivate countries

CD-REDD initiative, global workshop

Organize similar workshops as global CD-REDD

workshop at regional and national level to motivatecountries

Assemble and disseminate information about ongoingtraining programs, their purpose and timing

Develop national strategies and multi-stakeholder

consultation process for monitoring in the REDD context

Assess national-level training needs

CB general

• GOFC-GOLD Sourcebook 8

• FAO

• IPCC GPG9 and Guidelines10

and training materials

• UNDP-UNEP Capacity

building project (CM)

• CfRN

• Brazil, South-South

cooperation• others?

Define a planning schedule and process for countries’

national needs

CB on IPCC GPG and Guidelines and

training materials

No currently available approaches?Provide dedicated, consistent REDD training programme

linking science with technology transfer

8 http://www.gofc-gold.uni-jena.de/redd/index.php

9 http://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/gpglulucf/gpglulucf.html10

http://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/2006gl/index.html



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Provide formal academic trainings in developing countries(e.g. USAID)

Training of trainers for GHG inventories

Strengthen regional centres in the application of RS for

REDD

Develop manual/tutorials/standards for data collection,

monitoring, use of remote sensing, estimating carbonstocks with regard to REL and future monitoring for

REDD

Implement training on software usage for data processing,

data collection/processing/management fornational/international monitoring

Draw lessons from existing experiences

CB on remote sensing for REDD

• Regional network initiative

from GOFC-GOLD11

(e.g.data harmonization)

• FRA201012: 30-40 countries

involved in RS approach willalso get CB

• South-south collaboration,

strengthen partnerships

• others?

Brazil Amazon Fund from Norway – 20% (about 20mil $) for transferring Brazilian REDD monitoringsystem to other countries

Develop cost-effective and simple methodologies that

provide credible field data available

CB for field sampling for REDD

• CDM methodologies

(UNFCCC),

• CDM experiences at projectlevel

• community level inventories Promote south-south cooperation

11 http://www.fao.org/gtos/gofc-gold/networks.html12

http://www.fao.org/forestry/fra/en/



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Assess CDM to gather information and lessons learned • The Nature Conservancy

(TNC) forest carbon projects• others? Provide contributions to LULUCF Sourcebook

(Winrock)13

Provide legal support for monitoring systems to speed up

the processCB on legal support

No currently available approaches? Organize trainings on legal support based on needs

assessment

CB on GIS


Provide GIS trainings at national level (carbon inventory

as starting point, also useful for integrating cobenefits

etc.)

South-south cooperationConvene follow-up meeting to focus on south-south

dialogue, exchange of experience and collaboration

Indigenous people

Provide training for governments on implementation of th

UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples(UNDRIP) (e.g., prior informed consent, resource rights,

etc)

Establish carbon accounting system

Set up policies for REDD

Strengthen institutional capacity for REDD

Strengthen law enforcement and cooperation and

coordination between national agencies and links to

regional and international enforcement bodies, local

communities, indigenous groups, and NGOs.

CB at national level (general)

Carry out remote sensing and field inventories,

information management and analysis, and statistics

services, for both national and sub-regional levels.

13http://carbonfinance.org/Router.cfm?Page=News&ItemID=24669&NewsID=25





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Available methodologies, approachesand initiatives Actions (already planned item in bold, national level


Coordination: General coordination of REDD work internationally and within country

Strengthen coordination and communication amongexisting and future REDD projects within country, e.g.,

Country level REDD coordination teams and strategy

Strengthen coordination and communication amongstexisting and future REDD projects between countries,

including south-south cooperation.

Build on existing facilities to serve clearinghouse functionfor M&V (e.g., Program for National Reporting under

UNFCCC?)

International and national coordination

• Program for NationalReporting under UNFCCC?

• Other currently available

approaches?

Create master calendar that tracks overall activities

planned for REDD from UN-REDD Programme and

related initiatives to best inform national engagement

Incremental changes in carbon stockClarification of proposals on how to include incrementalchanges in carbon stocks in a future regime



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Available methodologies, approachesand initiatives

Actions (already planned item in bold, national levelimplementation in italic)

Infrastructure: Infrastructure including data, models, GIS, knowledge sharing system

Improve access to hardware, software, internet

Build infrastructure for RS, e.g., set up RS labs in each

country or create/strengthen regional RS centres

• GEO-Netcast (*) system inplace (radio transmissions

where no internet connection)

• others?

Put in place infrastructure for communication with local

communities

(*) GEO-Netcast uses existing commercial telecommunications infrastructure to allow for the broad

observation data upon user request, as well as for the collection of data from isolated sites and obser

Available methodologies, approachesand initiatives



Co-benefits: Create synergies with other monitoring needs; co-benefits. See also tools section

Synthesize lessons from existing monitoring effortsrelevant for REDD

Review possibilities to include co-benefits (principles,

monitoring, standards) (see tools and methods)Any available initiatives?

Start with simple and flexible carbon monitoring system

and then later add more parameters (outside legallybinding agreement)



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and initiatives



Field sampling: Field sampling including uncertainties, conversion factors, compatibility with

Raise funding for field sampling

Develop mechanism to prioritize funding for differentkinds of field sampling

Quantification of field samplinguncertainty and need for local

conversion factors (allometric equation,

etc)

• IPCC 2006 Guidelines asdefault

• Site specific scientific research

• National government efforts

• others?

Support national field programme to quantify uncertainty

Assess initiatives on field sampling towards synergy (e.g.,sample plot size)

Optimize compatibility where new inventories are going t

be established

Expert meeting to develop guidelines for inventory design(statistics needs, RS needs, permanent sample plot system

Complementarities of national datafrom field sampling and remote sensing

• GEO, remote sensingcommunity

• Stratification of forest land

(with the help of RS) is key for

cost-efficient sampling

• others?

National REDD teams should look at the issue of

complementarities of national data

14 http://ec.europa.eu/environment/forests/flegt.htm15

http://www.un.org/esa/forests/index.html



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Available methodologies,

approaches and initiatives



Historical deforestation trends: Interpreting historical trends including identification and mon

Commission report from credibleinternational experts on current options

for various REL periods and pros/cons

learned from current activities, includingexamples of applying options at pilot

country level.

Workshop on Remote sensing sensorsand systems available to measure andmonitor tropical deforestation anddegradation

Continue research on implications ofdifferent methods for RELs

• World Bank report "At Loggerheads?"16

• CIFOR experiences "Do trees grow on

money?"17

• Indonesia Forest Climate Alliance (IFCA)

study18

• Project experiences from voluntary markets

• Global land project19, Bibliography20

• others?

Address drivers of deforestation and , e.g.other sectors such as agriculture and

infrastructure policies and effect on

deforestation; consider inclusion of

demographic factors such as population

growth, trends, post-conflict rebounds

16

http://econ.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/EXTDEC/EXTRESEARCH/EX

pagePK:64168092~piPK:64168088~theSitePK:2463874,00.html17

http://www.cifor.cgiar.org/Publications/Detail?pid=234718

http://www.dephut.go.id/INFORMASI/LITBANG/IFCA/ifca.htm19 http://www.globallandproject.org/documents.shtml20

http://www.globallandproject.org/documents.shtml and http://resweb.llu.edu/rfo



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and initiatives



Historical degradation: Establishing historic degradation emission factors including cost impli

Commission methodology report by recognized experts

about the current knowledge on forest degradations

Special Study on Forest Degradation (planned)

Review and synthesize existing studies of field/pilot cases

Conduct case studies to quantify emission factors fordifferent types of human intervention detectable by remotesensing or other means (logging, shifting cultivation, fires

pests/diseases), test the IPCC Guidelines and suggest

enhancements as needed (explore ways to include in pilot

country activities, e.g., FCPF/UN-REDD Programme)

• WRI (Bolivia, DRC,

Indonesia pilot project, GregAsner and Carlos Souza)

• Brazil

• ASB, ICRAF21

• GOFC/GOLD-Fire22

• IPCC GPG and

• GOFC-GOLD Sourcebook

• others?

Conduct demonstration projects for establishing historicdegradation emission factors including cost implications,accuracy, and causes

21 http://www.asb.cgiar.org/22

http://gofc-fire.umd.edu/



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and initiatives



Future monitoring of degradation: Projects and methods for future monitoring of degradationbiomass changes. See also tools section.

Explore applicability of existing methodologies in the fiel

more broadly

Conduct feasibility studies of estimating past degradation

Facilitate North-South and South-South cooperation

• Carnegie Institution for

Science

• Imazon

• Woods Hole Research Centre

• Japan (Forest Carbon Density

mapping, CB through Asia-Pacific Network for Global

Change Research (APN))

• WRI

• South Dakota State Univ23

• Research programme funded

by NASA (e.g., SAFARI 2000

(The Southern AfricanRegional Science Initiative))

• GEO

• Australia National CarbonAccounting System (NCAS)24

• others?Improve complementarities between field sampling and

burned area estimates by RS

23 http://globalmonitoring.sdstate.edu/

24 http://www.climatechange.gov.au/ncas/index.html

25 http://www.inpe.br/ingles/index.php26

http://sentinel.ga.gov.au/acres/sentinel/index.shtml



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and initiatives



Verification: Verification includes independent, apolitical review process, transparent methodssystems

Review existing experiences with CDM and Annex 1

countries for lessons learned to inform the development ofan international review process.

Identify ways how to incorporate REDD needs in

UNFCCC independent review process for GHG

inventories

Establish and use independent data sets for verification anmake them available to countries (requires CB, welldocumentation of methods and data, uncertainty estimates

and also to NGOs, local communities

Establish independent, transparent verification

group/committee/team on national emissions and carbonstocks.

Convene international meeting on issues of governance,

transparency to provide NGOs and other institutions

meaningful input into process (possibly not limited to

monitoring)

Independent verification

Country-level case study on verification

Access by NGOs and local

communities to verification process


Improve communication with NGOs, local communities

and indigenous people through a national stakeholderprocess

27 http://www.ciel.org/

28 http://www.field.org.uk/29

http://www.chathamhouse.org.uk/research/eedp/



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Political support Ensure political commitment, and legislative mandate, and

institutional arrangements.

Establish forest carbon/terrestrial accounting system

infrastructure

National registry links?

Link national data management infrastructure to forest law

enforcement including legal and regulatory instruments.

Ensure transparency in accountability

National level

Strengthen public access to data and mainstream forest

monitoring information in national statistics services.



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Documents

Roadmap - REDD Monitoring and Verification Roadmap to UNFCCC COP-15 Copenhagen and Beyond