Road Accident Database - Accident Research Instituteari.buet.ac.bd/pdf/RSTP 2015 Road Accident Database 20-05-2015.pdf · Database Bangladesh 10,000 200,000 ... •Understand the

ACCIDENT RESEARCH INSTITUTE

Database


Database

Road Accident Database



Database

ju

po3

A

R

I

po

tot

ohz

010

de

po

pso

da

awe

in

awes

tot

po

d

jun


Database

Data is a set of values of qualitative or quantitative variables that can be measured, collected and analyzed to create information suitable for making decisions. (Wikipedia)

A database is an organized collection of data.

What is Data?


Database

Why do we need data?

Data is the prime thing for solution to road safety problem

ResearchImplementation


Database

How do we use data?

To assess the nature and extent of road accident problem

To identify various characteristics and features of accidents and injuries

To identify root causes of crashes

To develop countermeasures to prevent crashes and to reduce severity of injury


Database

To set Road Safety Targets

To establish priorities for intervention

To convince the public and policy makers of the importance of certain injuries and the need for allocate appropriate resources for injury control programs

To monitor and evaluate the effectiveness of countermeasures


Database

How do we use data? Contd…

a on accidents/injuries are necessary to:

To monitor and evaluate the effectiveness of countermeasures

Convince the public and policy makers of the importance of certain injuries and the need for appropriate action


Database What types of data do we need?

For most purposes the database needs to be able to answer the following questions: -

Where-accidents occur?

When-accidents occur?

Who-was involved?

What-was result of collision?

Why/how did collision occur?


Database

WHERE (location) - describes the detailed location of theaccident preferably by reference to the nearest node.Other locational information such as the suburb name,local class/type etc. complete the basic data.

o Further includes Speed limit Roadside development Traffic flow Street lights Traffic control devices and their operational

conditions


Database

Accident data should have the following information:

WHEN (Time) - relates too the time of day,o day of weeks,o day of montho year

- useful addition day light, dark or twilight etc.


Database

WHO (Vehicle, Passenger)

Vehicle – car

– bus

– truck etc.

Passenger – age

– sex

– nationality

– occupation etc.


Database

WHAT (Kind of accident) – Out come ofaccidents: Deaths, injuries, property damages.

Fatal Injured, Hospital admission Injured, Medical treatment required Injured, Medical treatment not required Property damage only


Database

HOW (The accident happened)

This means the accident type which relates to

the paths of the vehicles and pedestrians just

prior to the accident or after accident.


Database What types of data do we need? Contd…

Central Database


Database

What level of detail is required? Accident parameters

Type

Severity

Consequences Fatality

Injury

General information Location

Time

Road characteristics Type

Class

Surface condition etc.

Vehicle characteristics Type

Defect

Movement Pattern etc.

Road user information (Driver, Passenger, Pedestrian)

age, sex, seat belt use, alcohol influence

weather and traffic conditions (rain, snow, etc.)


Database

Road safety engineers - for the purposes of thedevelopment of remedial or pro-active road andtraffic measures

Police - for the purpose of charging a personwith a criminal offence in relation to specificaccident

Lawyers - acting for clients in civil litigation


Database

Insurers - seeking facts before selling aninsurance claim

Those with responsibility for road safetyeducation or publicity - who may beconcerned to ensure that their efforts are welltargeted

Police - in relation to enforcement activities,such as the location of speed cameras orbreath testing stations


Database

Safety administrators - exercising a duty toreport statistical information on roadaccidents

Researchers - who need access to a goodreliable database in order to conduct rigorousresearch projects


Database

Vehicle or component manufacturers andsuppliers of highway materials - who wish toassess the safety of their product, perhaps fromthe viewpoint of litigation, marketing, orproduct enhancement

Public health administrators - It can be seenthat there are potentially many uses and users ofaccident data, and their needs are notcoincident.


Database Different Sources of Accident Data Police

Main source of basic and fundamental accident data

Hospital Estimates of the cost of injuries based on hospital records

of the treatment received, length of stay

Insurance Company Very effective for counting all type of accident

Auto-shop/vehicle servicing workshop Very effective for counting PDO accident

At-scene studies

This is done by investigating accidents at the scene by aspecial team of independent professional investigators

Newspaper Press cut approach


Database

Limitations of Different Data Sources

Police Major problem- under reporting especially for injury

accident

Hospital lack information on crash data, road data, vehicle data and

only provide information on injury

Insurance Company lack information on detail road data, fatality/injury data


Database

Limitations of Different Data Sources

Auto-shop/vehicle servicing workshop lack information on road data, injury data

Newspaper Some degree of under reporting

Lack information on road data and detail vehicle data


Database What is the scenario in Bangladesh?

Police Major problem- under reporting especially for injury

accident

Accident data collection form i.e. Accident Report Form (ARF) is not filled up properly

The other sources are not widely used and some do not exist at all


Database


Database

Bangladesh

10,000

200,000

500,000

1

1 million

Road Traffic Injury Pyramid Bangladesh

Source: Bangladesh Health & Injury Survey Report, January 2005

For every injury death, 50 injured attend emergency care

500,000 people are estimated to visit emergency room


Database

Country Fatalities InjuriesInjuries/Death

Source

JAPAN 6639 1034445 156 Police data.

GERMANY 4949 431419 87 Federal Statistics Office data.

UNITED KINGDOM 3298 264288 80

Police data.

USA 42442 3305237 78 Health data.

AUSTRIA 691 53211 77 Statistics Austria.

CANADA 2889 199337 69 Police data.

BELGIUM 1067 65850 62 Statistics Belgium estimate.

SWEDEN 471 26636 57 Police data.

HUNGARY 1232 27452 22 Police data.

Australia 1616 31204 19 Health and Transport data

SRI LANKA 2334 31688 14 Police data 2007

BRAZIL 35155 407685 12 State Traffic Departments,

ETHIOPIA 2517 24792 10 Police data

MYANMAR 1638 12358 8 Police and Transport data.

BHUTAN 111 724 7 Police data

SAUDI ARABIA 6358 36025 6 Police data.


Database

The problem of underreporting in Bangladesh

Year Death Injury Injury/Death

2004 3150 3026 0.96

2005 2960 2570 0.87

2006 3250 2412 0.74

2007 3341 2431 0.73

2008 3570 2416 0.68

2009 2703 1746 0.65

2010 2443 1706 0.70

2011 2072 1448 0.70

2012 1953 1342 0.69

2013 1782 928 0.52


Database

Accident and Casualties According to JMBA

Year No. of

Accidents

No. of

Fatalities

No. of

Serious

Injuries

No. of

Simple

Injuries

No. of

Total

Injuries

Injuries/

Death

2004 85 32 59 51 110 3.4

2005 108 30 92 138 230 7.7

2006 80 9 24 32 56 6.2

Total 273 71 175 221 396 5.6

Accident and Casualties According to MAAP

Year No. of

Accidents

No. of

Fatalities

No. of

Serious

Injuries

No. of

Simple

Injuries

No. of

Total

Injuries

Injuries/

Death

2004 6 7 4 0 4 0.6

2005 18 12 14 1 15 1.3

2006 25 21 25 5 30 1.4

Total 49 40 43 6 49 1.2


Database

Due to Underreporting it is difficult to:

• Understand the Magnitude of the problems and

crash risks

• Calculate the total loses due to such incident

• Estimate the recurrent lose of resources

• Motivate politician for taking initiative to improve

the situation

• Motivate donor agencies for support

• Setup national or regional or local target

• Evaluate the effectiveness of a program


Database

Accident data Collection System in Bangladesh For each accident police do First Information Report (FIR)

Then Accident Report Form (ARF) is completed by an Investigating Officer (IO) usually a sub-inspector of police after visiting the accident spot

The ARF is then dispatched to the respective Accident Data Units (ADU) established in divisions and Metropolitans

In the ADU the information from ARF and location of the accident is incorporated into MAAP

Finally data is sent from the regional ADUs to the police HQ in soft form


Database

Accident data Collection System in Bangladesh Contd…

The whole database is then transferred to ARI for research purpose with institutional collaboration of the Road Safety Cell (RSC) of BRTA and the Police department

ARI is collecting ARFs from all ADUs to develop a rich accident database system by

checking the ARFs and fill them with RUM codes including additional data which are missing in police filled ARFs.

The current road safety research, investigation, implementation works are based on this database


Database Accident data Collection System in Bangladesh Contd…

Collection of ARFs from police ADUs

Checking data filled by police

Assign RUM codes for the type of accident

Input data with RUM code in MAAP database

ARI’s contribution in accident database


Database Accident Report Form (ARF)


Database Accident Report Form (ARF) Contd…






Database Accident data coding


Database Accident data coding


Database Interface of MAAP Software


Database Map Showing Accidents in Dhaka City


Database Limitations of ARF

Although the form contains 67 fields of data – stillit is not sufficient enough for accident analysis.Only the characteristic analyses are possible.

The ARF is not easily understandable - making itquite impossible for the police officers to fill itproperly.

Short description of the incidences does not reflectthe in-depth scenario of the accident.


Database Limitations of ARF Contd…

There is no arrangement for adding photograph inthe ARF. Collision diagram is quite difficult to drawproperly.

There is no field to incorporate non-standardvehicles in the form.

No witness interview detail.

18 contributing factors of accidents are included inthe form which does not cover all the accidentcausation aspects.

Difficult to identify black spots.


Database How To Improve The Data Situation

The present situation can be improved by taking someactions which are listed below:

Training of Police Officers, who are in charge of fillingup the ARF,

Include appropriate texts into course curriculum oftraining of sub-inspectors in Sardah Police Academy,

Holding publicity campaign about importance of data, Passing strict order from Police Headquarter about

timely reporting,


Database How To Improve The Data Situation Contd…

Develop accountability system etc.

Update accident Location Coding System,

Upgrade MAAP5 software from DOS to Windowsversion,

Establish dialup network between ADUs, PoliceHeadquarters and Road Safety Cell.


Database


Database

Documents

Road Accident Database - Accident Research Instituteari.buet.ac.bd/pdf/RSTP 2015 Road Accident Database 20-05-2015.pdf · Database Bangladesh 10,000 200,000 ... •Understand the