RNP AR APCH Approvals: An Operator’s Perspective

The statements contained herein are based on good faith assumptions and provided for general information purposes only. These statements do not constitute an offer, promise, warranty or guarantee of performance. Actual results may vary depending on certain events or conditions. This document should not be used or relied upon for any purpose other than that intended by Boeing.

RNP AR APCH Approvals: An Operator’s Perspective

Presented to: ICAO Introduction to Performance Based Navigation Seminar

COPYRIGHT © 2008 THE BOEING COMPANY

ICAO PBN Standards – RNP AR APCH

Navigation specifications

RNAV RNP

RNP 4OceanicRemote

RNAV 5RNAV 2RNAV1Route

Terminal

RNP10OceanicRemote

Basic-RNP1RNP APCH

RNP AR APCHvarious phases

RNPAdditional

requirement 3D & 4D


RNP AR Approach Enabling Features

Narrow lateral linear segments(RNP-0.3 or less with no secondary buffers)

Curved segments anywhere along the approach(Radius-to-fix legs with shorter leg lengths)

Guided, narrower turns on missed approaches(Radius-to-fix legs, and RNP-1 or less)

Performance-based Vertical Buffers(Vertical Error Budget )

Narrow Segments

R

R

2 RNP

2 RNP

2 R

NP

2 R

NP

STEP 2:Locate Turn Center

STEP 1:

SegmentInitialFix

a=Rb=R+(2xRNP)c=R-(2xRNP)

SegmentTerminating

Fix

STEP 3

STEP 4

STEP 5

a

b

c

Tangent Points

Tangent Points

Apply para 2-2

Radius to Fix (RF) Segments Vertical Error Budget & Guided Missed Approach


Why RNP Now? Why RNP Now?

Conventional Approach

RNPApproach

Benefits of RNPFuel price concerns

Environmental concerns (e.g. noise, emissions)

Airspace congestion

Safety concerns

Decreased operating costs

Increased revenue

Reduced environmental impacts

Increased schedule integrity

Improved safety


Key Considerations for Obtaining RNP AR APCH Operational Approval

• Airline operational requirements specified by state regulations–Navigation Specification does not

constitute authorization,–Aircraft certified by state of manufacture–Operators authorized by state of registry

• RNP AR Approach operational approval from regulatory agency–RNP AR APCH operational approval similar

to Cat II and Cat III ILS approval• Airline shows it meets standards for:

–Equipment, training documentation, operations manuals and checklists, safety and MEL considerations


Successful RNP AR APCH Operational Implementation Requires All The Elements Be In Place

Airport & FacilityCapability

RegulatoryCapability

X X

AirlineCapability

X

Airplane Capability

Air TrafficCapability

X


Regulatory Capability for RNP AR APCH Operations

• Regulators must provide the regulatory basis–Procedure design criteria–Operations requirements–Approval process

• ICAO Performance Based Navigation Manual



Airport and Facility Capability for RNP AR APCH Operations

Airport & FacilityCapability• GNSS (GPS) availability.

–RNP AR approaches are only authorized based on GNSS as the primary navigation service.

• Location / Characteristics of Runway and Special Airport considerations

• Airport / aeronautical / terrain data compliant with ICAO Annex 15


Air Traffic Capability for RNP AR APCH Operations

• To implement RNP Operations the airline must have access to RNP flight procedures

–Public Procedures–Airline In-house–Third party contract,

– e.g. Jeppesen• RNP operations may require

changes to ATC system interfaces and display to ensure necessary information on aircraft capability.

–ATC procedures–Controller training

• Mixed navigation introduces complexity.



Airplane Capability for RNP AR APCH Operations

• In-service and new purchase airplanes must be configured properly to ensure eligibility for RNP AR

• Compliance with relevant airworthiness criteria• AFM information regarding minimum RNP (unless

state accepts manufacturer information)• Established maintenance procedures• MEL revision

Airplane Capability


Airline Capability for RNP AR APCH Operations

• Obtain RNP AR Instrument Procedures (3rd Party – e.g. Jeppesen, in house, public)

• Validate Navigation database integrity• Acquire or equip qualified aircraft• Revise maintenance procedures• Develop Flight Crew procedures • Revise airline dispatch procedures • Implement RNP monitoring and

reporting• Prepare an application documenting

how RNP AR APCH requirements are met

AirlineCapability


RNP AR APCH Operational Implementation Process from Operator Perspective

Step 1: Project Planning• Define objectives & requirements• Determine applicable regulations• Define plan and schedule

Step 2: Procedure Design and Validation, if Required• Design RNP procedures• Conduct simulator flight assessment• On-site evaluation flight if required

Step 4: Prepare for Operation Implementation and Validation• Start flight crew initial training • Conduct dispatch / operation training• Perform operation validation flight

Step 5: Operational Approval and Implementation• Review & approve operation under VMC / VFR• Oversight operation standardization• Approve operation under IFR

Example of RNP AR APCH operational implementation process

Step 3: Application Package for Operational Approval• Update Operations Specifications• Revise manual/ checklist and training plan• Review with the regulatory authority


Step 1 Project Planning – Plan and Analyze

• Select project manager• Define project objectives and

requirements• Map out a long term vision of goals • Understand the applicable regulatory

requirements• Define project plan and schedule• Collect airport information • Perform cost-benefit analysis• Perform capability - gap analysis



Step 1 Project Planning – Do


• Build a core team with skills required for success

• Explain the project plan, tasks and team member responsibilities

• Core team members should commit their availability for project duration– Typical Team Structure:

• Core Management Team• Procedures Team• Aircraft Team• Operations Team• Training Team


Step 1: Project Planning – Review and Refine Plan

• Review project plan with key stakeholders, including regulator

• Refine project plan as appropriate• Key Considerations

– Most project plans require change and adjustments

– Understand and prepare for change– Build time into schedule for

unscheduled events



Step 2: Procedure Design and Validation -Key Tasks

Step 2: Procedure Design and Validation, if Required

• Design RNP procedures• Conduct simulator flight assessment• On-site evaluation flight if required

For Training Purposes Only

• Conduct feasibility study– Choose design criteria*– Estimate approach minima

• Design RNP Procedures:– Build procedures that comply with project plan– Evaluate data integrity, FMS coding and PBN

compliance– Validate procedures through simulation and

regulatory guidance– Demonstrate procedures as part of validation

flight, if required

* RNP AR APCH Design Critieria in ICAO RNP AR Procedure Design Manual


Step 3: Application Package for Operational Approval – Example Contents

Navigation Database Validation

Flight Operations / Operation Specifications

Training Program Revisions

Maintenance Procedure Revisions

Aircraft and System Qualification

Operational Safety Assessment

Regulatory Compliance

Airport and Facility Considerations

Air Traffic Coordination

RNP Operations Monitoring

Airline Validation Plan

Minimum Equipment List Revision

Step 3: Application Package for Operational Approval

• Update Operations Specifications• Revise manual / checklist and training plan• Review with the regulatory authority

Typical contents for “Application for Operational Approval for RNP Operations”


Flight Operations / Operation Specifications

•Documents the intended flight operations•Describes conditions and limitations for RNP AR APCH approval, e.g.,

– Corresponding flight crew procedures

– Standard procedures for conducting RNP operations

•The application should also include any documents used with the procedures such as checklists and briefing cards that standardize actions and ensure safety.


Aircraft and Systems Qualification

• Documents airplane and system compliance with applicable regulatory requirements.

– Commercial Transport aircraft being delivered today have systems installed or options available to meet RNP AR APCH.

– Service Bulletins are available to upgrade newer models to meet most Navigation Specifications.

• This information is typically provided by aircraft manufacturer.


Navigation Database Validation

• Document systems in place to ensure data is always correct.– Airline Internal Processes OR 3rd

Party Service (e.g. Jeppesen) for Quality Assurance of Navigation Database– Validation of data base

content– Specific AR APCH procedures

review• Approved Navigation Database

Source – Provider must “comply with

EUROCAE ED-76 / RTCA DO-200A, or equivalent approved procedures”


Training Program Revisions

• Documents RNP training program and training (ground and flight) received by flight crews

• Documents RNP training for dispatchers and maintenance personnel supporting the conduct of RNP AR operations.

• The curriculum typically includes:– RNP based flight operations concept– Characteristic of RNP – Airplane Systems Requirements– Alerting and actions required– Dispatch Requirements– Minimum Equipment Requirements – Airport Specific Requirements


Operational Safety Assessment

• Documents that the RNP operation is safely implemented in a State’s particular CNS/ATM environment

– Assessment of Normal Operations– Assessment of Rare-Normal and

Abnormal Performance – Operational Mitigations

– Airplane Systems– Flight Crew performance– Infrastructure

– Assessment Methodology– Statistical analysis

• ICAO Flight Operations Safety Assessment (FOSA)


Airline Validation Plan

• Document plan for demonstrating to the regulator that have operationally incorporated the elements required for RNP AR operations.

• The validation plan should accomplish the following objectives:– Demonstrate the aircraft capability to

perform RNP SAAAR approaches– Demonstrate the applicant’s operational

and dispatch procedures– Demonstrate the effectiveness of the

applicant’s training programs


Step 3: Application Package for Operational Approval – Regulatory Review

Step 3: Application Package for Operational Approval

• Update Operations Specifications• Revise manual/ checklist and training plan• Review with the regulatory authority

• Operator demonstrates to Regulator:– The processes defined in applicant

package are the processes used by the Operator

– This check is specific and detailed– These events can be audited

• Key Considerations:– All the pieces of the applicant package

must fit together and be explained in this context

– Document management


Step 4: Operation Implementation and Validation – Key Considerations

• Integrate training programs for flight crews, dispatchers, and maintenance personnel into existing manuals

• Continue RNP training• Perform operation validation

– Demonstrate to the regulator that the airline has incorporated all the elements required for RNP AR operations

Preflight:Dispatch Paperwork

PostflightData Collection and Reporting

Step 4: Prepare for Operation Implementation and Validation

• Start flight crew initial training • Conduct dispatch / operation training• Perform operation validation flight


Step 5: Operational Approval Process and Implementation

Step 5: Operational Approval and Implementation

• Review & approve operation under VMC / VFR• Oversight operation standardization• Approve operation under IFR

• Coordinate events with regulator• The regulatory approval for RNP AR

APCH operations will specify the:• Type of procedures authorized • RNP levels authorized• Any limitations or restrictions on

the operations• Ops Specs Issued


Success! RNP AR Approval Achieved!– Linzhi, China May 2007

*China Eastern Airlines – Total RNP solution provided by one integrated Boeing teamTotal RNP solution provided by Boeing (Boeing / Jeppesen / Alteon)Total RNP solution provided by Boeing (Boeing / Jeppesen / Alteon)



Summary: Obtaining Regulatory Approval for RNP AR APCH Operations

• Desired results require cooperation between regulator, air traffic service provider, operator and airplane manufacturer

• Follow the project plan– Plan for and expect change.– Include regulator as key team

member from the beginning – Insight into what needs to be

accomplished• Consider the need for 3rd party

assistance in achieving your operational goals

Successful RNP Implementation Requires All The Elements Be Put In Place

= safe and efficient RNP operations



X X

AirlineCapability

X

Airplane Capability


X



X X

AirlineCapability

X

Airplane Capability


X


Step 2: Procedure Design and Validation, if Required• Design RNP procedures• Conduct simulator flight assessment• On-site evaluation flight if required

Step 4: Prepare for Operation Implementation and Validation• Start flight crew initial training • Conduct dispatch / operation training• Perform operation validation flight

Step 5: Operational Approval and Implementation• Review & approve operation under VMC / VFR• Oversight operation standardization• Approve operation under IFR

Example of RNP AR APCH operational implementation process

Step 3: Application Package for Operational Approval• Update Operations Specifications• Revise manual/ checklist and training plan• Review with the regulatory authority


Boeing / Jeppesen RNP Solutions to support Airline RNP Operations

F u e l P r i c e sF u e l P r i c e s E n v i r o n m e n tE n v i r o n m e n t C o n g e s t i o nC o n g e s t i o n S a f e t yS a f e t y

• Brief RNP concepts to airlines and regulatory authorities

• Communicate the value of RNP operations

• Provide technical documentation for airplane systems qualification

• Develop a retrofit plan for in-service fleet (if required)

• Ops Approval Consulting FAA AC 90-101* / ICAO PBN

• Provide RNP training• Develop RNP Instrument Flight

Procedures and charts• Provide navigation data


*Boeing and Jeppesen have been qualified by the FAA to assist operators in preparing for the AC 90-101 application process. The use of this service should result in an expedited approval process.


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