RNA

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RNA• Name: Ribonucleic acid • Nitrogen bases: A-U-C-G (adenine, uracil, cytosine,

guanine) • Structure: single - strand of nucleotides • Sugar: ribose (5-carbon sugar) • Function: to carry the DNA code to the ribosomes• Number of types: 3 • Names of the types: mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA • Codon: 3 nitrogen bases that code for an amino acid• Transcription; transferring DNA code onto mRNA • Why is RNA important? Without RNA there would

not be instructions for making proteins at the ribosomes in cells.

List the differences

1. Single RNA/double DNA 2. Uracil (RNA) Thymine (DNA) 3. Ribose = RNA sugar Deoxyribose = DNA sugar4. GAUC = RNA bases GATC = DNA bases

DNARNA

List the similarities 1. PHOSPHATE/SUGAR SIDES 2. MADE OF NUCLEOTIDES 3. 5-CARBON SUGAR 4. NUCLEIC ACIDS

DNARNA

What is codon? 3 NITROGEN BASES on mRNA THAT CODE FOR AN AMINO ACID

mRNA•Nucleic Acid•Single-stranded•Made in nucleus as a result of transcription•Travels to ribosome with transcribed DNA code•Called messenger RNA

rRNA• Made of a large and a small unit that come together for protein synthesis•Found in the cytoplasm• Translates the mRNA code to amino acid code in making proteins• Called ribosomal RNA

AMINO ACID

tRNA

ANTICODON

tRNA• Small coiled RNA with three unmatched bases• Found in the cytoplasm• Carries amino acid to ribosome • Called transfer RNA

Use proper base pairing to complete DNA and mRNA

Summary for making proteinsTRANSCRIPTION → mRNA →TRANSLATION → PROTEIN

MAKING PROTEINS ANIMATION

SIMPLE ANIMATED TRANSCRIPTION

ANOTHER ANIMATED TRANSLATION

EASY TO FOLLOW TRANSLATION

CHECK OUT THESE LINKS TO BETTER UNDERSTAND THE PROCESSES INVOLVED IN MAKING PROTEINS.

ANIMATED TRANSLATION