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Sample to Insight Trademarks: QIAGEN ® , Sample to Insight ® (QIAGEN Group). Registered names, trademarks, etc. used in this document, even when not specifically marked as such, are not to be considered unprotected by law. PROM-11756-001 SAP-1108619 © 2017 QIAGEN, all rights reserved. Ordering www.qiagen.com/shop | Technical Support support.qiagen.com | Website www.qiagen.com RNA by the numbers RNA distribution in a typical mammalian cell 1 80–90% 10–15% 3–7% 0.03–0.2% 0.1–1% 3–10 x 10 7 3–10 x 10 6 3–10 x 10 5 3–50 x 10 3 1–5 x 10 5 2–3 x 10 5 1–3 x 10 3 3–20 x 10 4 tRNA rRNA IncRNA mRNA snRNA snoRNA miRNA 7SL RNA by number of molecules RNA by mass rRNA tRNA mRNA IncRNA Other ncRNA 1 Palazzo AF and Lee ES (2015) Non-coding RNA: what is functional and what is junk? Front. Genet. 6:2. 10–35 μg 10–60 μg 25 μg 25–60 μg 3 μg Cell line (1 x 10 6  cells) Mammalian tissue (10 mg) Human blood (1 ml) Yeast (1 x 10 7 cells) Plant (100 mg leaves) Average yield of total RNA from various sources # # Please consider that the yield of RNA may vary depending on species, developmental stage, growth conditions and treatment of the starting material. Most common human RNA viruses 2 Picornaviridae Hepatitis A virus, Poliovirus 30 nm ssRNA/8 Kb Genome Rhabdoviridae Rabies 180X80 nm ssRNA/11 Kb Paramyxoviridae Measles 150 nm ssRNA/14 Kb Retroviridae HIV-1 120 nm ssRNA/10 Kb Spikes Coronaviridae SARS 120 nm ssRNA/29 Kb Flaviviridae Hepatitis C virus 50 nm ssRNA/10 Kb Flaviviridae Dengue virus, Zika virus 50 nm ssRNA/11 Kb Filoviridae Ebola virus 80X970 nm ssRNA/19 Kb Reoviridae Rotavirus 80 nm dsRNA/18 Kb Orthomyxoviridae Influenza virus 100 nm ssRNA/12 Kb 2 http://viralzone.expasy.org/all_by_species/5216.html RNA conversions Mass to Moles moles ssRNA = mass of ssRNA (g)/molecular weight of ssRNA (g/mol) where, 1 g/mol = 1 Da (dalton) Mass to Molecules ssRNA copy number = moles of ssRNA x Avogadro’s Number where, Avogadro’s Number = 6.022 x 10 23 molecules/mol (see above to calculate moles ssRNA from mass) * MW of a single-stranded RNA molecule = (# of bases) x (340 daltons/base) RNA sizes and molecular weights – Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic mRNA tRNA 5S rRNA 16S rRNA 23S rRNA 28S rRNA 75–3000 75–90 ~120 ~1500 ~2900 4500–5500 2.5 x 10 4 –10 6 2.3–3.0 x 10 4 ~4.1 x 10 4 ~5.1 x 10 5 ~9.9 x 10 5 ~1.7 x 10 6 RNA Nucleotides Molecular weight (daltons)* E. coli RNA Nucleotides Molecular weight (daltons)* Human mRNA tRNA 5S rRNA 16S rRNA 23S rRNA 28S rRNA ~1900 75–90 ~120 ~160 1800–1900 4500–5500 ~6.6 x 10 5 2.3–3.0 x 10 4 ~4.1 x 10 4 ~5.4 x 10 4 ~6.4 x 10 5 ~1.7 x 10 6

RNA by the numbers - Qiagen · Rabies 180X80 nm ssRNA/11 Kb Paramyxoviridae Measles 150 nm ssRNA/14 Kb Retroviridae HIV-1 120 nm ssRNA/10 Kb Spikes Coronaviridae SARS 120 nm ssRNA/29

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Page 1: RNA by the numbers - Qiagen · Rabies 180X80 nm ssRNA/11 Kb Paramyxoviridae Measles 150 nm ssRNA/14 Kb Retroviridae HIV-1 120 nm ssRNA/10 Kb Spikes Coronaviridae SARS 120 nm ssRNA/29

Sample to Insight

Trademarks: QIAGEN®, Sample to Insight® (QIAGEN Group). Registered names, trademarks, etc. used in this document, even when not specifically marked as such, are not to be considered unprotected by law.

PROM-11756-001 SAP-1108619 © 2017 QIAGEN, all rights reserved.

Ordering www.qiagen.com/shop | Technical Support support.qiagen.com | Website www.qiagen.com

RNA by the numbers

RNA distribution in a typical mammalian cell1

80–90% 10–15% 3–7% 0.03–0.2% 0.1–1% 3–10 x 107 3–10 x 106 3–10 x 105 3–50 x 103

1–5 x 105 2–3 x 105 1–3 x 103 3–20 x 104

tRNA

rRNA

IncRNAmRNA

snRNA snoRNAmiRNA7SL

RNA by numberof molecules

RNA by mass

rRNA

tRNA

mRNAIncRNAOther ncRNA

1 Palazzo AF and Lee ES (2015) Non-coding RNA: what is functional and what is junk? Front. Genet. 6:2.

10–35 µg10–60 µg25 µg25–60 µg3 µg

Cell line(1 x 106 cells)

Mammalian tissue(10 mg)

Human blood(1 ml)

Yeast(1 x 107 cells)

Plant(100 mg leaves)

Average yield of total RNA from various sources#

# Please consider that the yield of RNA may vary depending on species, developmental stage, growth conditions and

treatment of the starting material.

Most common human RNA viruses2

Picornaviridae

Hepatitis A virus,Poliovirus

30 nmssRNA/8 Kb

Genome

Rhabdoviridae

Rabies180X80 nm

ssRNA/11 Kb

Paramyxoviridae

Measles150 nm

ssRNA/14 Kb

Retroviridae

HIV-1120 nm

ssRNA/10 Kb

Spikes

Coronaviridae

SARS120 nm

ssRNA/29 Kb

Flaviviridae

Hepatitis C virus50 nm

ssRNA/10 Kb

Flaviviridae

Dengue virus,Zika virus

50 nmssRNA/11 Kb

Filoviridae

Ebola virus80X970 nm

ssRNA/19 Kb

Reoviridae

Rotavirus80 nm

dsRNA/18 Kb

Orthomyxoviridae

In�uenza virus100 nm

ssRNA/12 Kb

2 http://viralzone.expasy.org/all_by_species/5216.html

RNA conversions

Mass to Molesmoles ssRNA = mass of ssRNA (g)/molecular weight of ssRNA (g/mol) where, 1 g/mol = 1 Da (dalton)

Mass to MoleculesssRNA copy number = moles of ssRNA x Avogadro’s Number where, Avogadro’s Number = 6.022 x 1023 molecules/mol (see above to calculate moles ssRNA from mass)

* MW of a single-stranded RNA molecule = (# of bases) x (340 daltons/base)

RNA sizes and molecular weights – Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic

mRNA tRNA 5S rRNA 16S rRNA 23S rRNA 28S rRNA

75–3000 75–90 ~120 ~1500 ~2900 4500–5500

2.5 x 104–106

2.3–3.0 x 104 ~4.1 x 104 ~5.1 x 105 ~9.9 x 105

~1.7 x 106

RNA Nucleotides Molecular weight (daltons)*

E. coli

RNA Nucleotides Molecular weight (daltons)*

Human mRNA tRNA 5S rRNA 16S rRNA 23S rRNA 28S rRNA

~1900 75–90 ~120 ~160 1800–1900 4500–5500

~6.6 x 105

2.3–3.0 x 104 ~4.1 x 104 ~5.4 x 104 ~6.4 x 105

~1.7 x 106

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