RNA and Protein RNA and Protein SynthesisSynthesisWhen a piece of DNA replicates, then it When a piece of DNA replicates, then it must send it’s information to the cell to must send it’s information to the cell to make the proteins that support the cell.make the proteins that support the cell.

What is a protein?What is a protein? Why are they important?Why are they important? Where are they made in the cell?Where are they made in the cell? What makes them?What makes them? Why are they so different?Why are they so different?

Nucleic acids are the same in RNA Nucleic acids are the same in RNA (Ribonucleic Acid) as in DNA with one (Ribonucleic Acid) as in DNA with one exception, Thymine is too big to be held exception, Thymine is too big to be held by a one sided molecule so it is replaced by a one sided molecule so it is replaced by Uracil. So A-U and C-G are the pairs by Uracil. So A-U and C-G are the pairs in RNAin RNA

Single sided ladder structure that has Single sided ladder structure that has sugar and phosphates and nucleotides.sugar and phosphates and nucleotides.

The way this is done is with the help of The way this is done is with the help of the nucleus and the ribosomes. the nucleus and the ribosomes.

Ribosomes are the structures where the Ribosomes are the structures where the proteins are made or put together.proteins are made or put together.

Proteins are made of macromolecules Proteins are made of macromolecules and these are small elements strung and these are small elements strung together like beads on a necklace.together like beads on a necklace.

The Ribosome is where the stringing The Ribosome is where the stringing takes place.takes place.

The DNA is split in the nucleus, just like The DNA is split in the nucleus, just like in replication, but instead of a new piece in replication, but instead of a new piece or half of DNA being made, a piece of or half of DNA being made, a piece of RNA comes into the nucleus and reads RNA comes into the nucleus and reads the “code” from the DNAthe “code” from the DNA

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Once the code is read, the RNA (mRNA , Once the code is read, the RNA (mRNA , messenger RNA) then leaves the messenger RNA) then leaves the nucleus and takes that information to the nucleus and takes that information to the ribosome. Once in the ribosome the ribosome. Once in the ribosome the tRNA hooks up with a rRNA (ribosomal tRNA hooks up with a rRNA (ribosomal RNA) and then transfers the code. Once RNA) and then transfers the code. Once the code has been transferred to rRNA the code has been transferred to rRNA then tRNA looks at the triples of then tRNA looks at the triples of nucleotides. nucleotides.

Those triples are called codes. See chart Those triples are called codes. See chart on page 207. The code is the rRNA and on page 207. The code is the rRNA and the codon is the mRNA (messenger the codon is the mRNA (messenger RNA) and the proteins are made from the RNA) and the proteins are made from the codons. These codons make amino codons. These codons make amino acids and those amino acids string acids and those amino acids string together to make proteins. together to make proteins.

Proteins:Proteins:

Amino acid after amino acid makes a Amino acid after amino acid makes a necklace of material that creates a necklace of material that creates a protein (hair)protein (hair)

DNA DNA RNA-Protein RNA-Protein

SynthesisSynthesis

HWHW

Draw and color with some details:Draw and color with some details:1. Replicating DNA1. Replicating DNA

2. RNA and Protein synthesis2. RNA and Protein synthesis

You need to include what is happening and You need to include what is happening and where it is taking place for the steps.where it is taking place for the steps.

Chapter 10 Sections 3 and 4Chapter 10 Sections 3 and 4