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RNA and Protein Synthesis. How does DNA determine our traits?. How does DNA determine our traits?. By directing the synthesis of proteins Proteins represent functional genes Molecular flow of information is: DNARNAProtein. What proteins are you familiar with?. Examples of Proteins. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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RNA and Protein Synthesis
How does DNA determine our traits?
How does DNA determine our traits?
• By directing the synthesis of proteins• Proteins represent functional genes• Molecular flow of information is:
DNA RNA Protein
What proteins are you familiar with?
Examples of Proteins
• Insulin• Keratin• Hemoglobin• Melanin• Actin
Proteins are synthesized during two cellular processes.
Can you name these processes?
Protein Synthesis
1. Transcription – Genetic information is transferred from DNA to RNA
2. Translation – mRNA information is decoded to synthesize proteins
What is RNA?
What is RNA?
• A nucleic acid composed of ribose sugars, phosphates, and nitrogenous bases
How does RNA differ from DNA?
DNA RNA
• Double stranded
• Deoxyribose sugar
• Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine, and Thymine
• Nucleus only
• Single stranded
• Ribose sugar
• Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine and Uracil
• Nucleus, cytoplasm, and ribosomes
RNA Nucleotide
Who are the “players” involved in protein
synthesis?
The “Players”
1. mRNA2. tRNA3. rRNA4. amino acids5. ribosomes
mRNA (messenger)
• linear RNA that transfers genetic information from DNA to ribosomes
tRNA (transfer)
• RNA (~80 nucleotides in length) twisted in hairpin shape
• supplies the amino acids to ribosomes for translation
rRNA (ribosomal)
• globular RNA that composes ribosomes, forms the peptide bond between amino acids during protein synthesis
Amino Acids
• monomers of proteins• linked together to form proteins during
translation
Ribosomes
• site of translation (second step of protein synthesis)
Gene Structure
Gene Structure• Promoter• Coding Region• Termination Signal
Steps of Transcription A
T G T A T C T A T A A A C C G….
Transcription Review(DNA to mRNA)
ABasic Transcription
mRNA codons• Codon – sequence of three nucleotides on
mRNA
The Genetic Code
Translation (mRNA to Protein)• Begins at the “start” codon - AUG
A
Codon/Anti-Codon Relationship
Translation (mRNA to Protein)• Translation continues until a “stop” codon is
reached – UAA, UGA, UAG
A
Translation Review(mRNA to Protein)
A