RM_Steps in Research Process_final

7/30/2019 RM_Steps in Research Process_final

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RESEARCH PROCESS & STEPS IN

RESEARCH PROCESS

BY: SANTOSHKUMAR SINGH SMBA7


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What is Research process?

Research is an activity that involves identifying the research

problem, formulating a hypothesis, collecting and analysingthe data and reaching specific conclusions in the form of

solutions or general theories.

The three major goals of research are:

Establishing facts

Analyzing information and Reaching new conclusions


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Steps in Research Process


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Step 1. Establishing the Research Topic

This is a primary decision which researcher has to take in the

initial stage of research process.

This step involves identification of a few problems andselection of one out of them.

Research is not needed when:

Required information is already available

Decision need to be made now

Organization cant afford the research


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Step 2. Defining the Problem

The process involved in defining the problem are:

Understanding the nature of problem

Surveying the available literature

Developing ideas through discussions

The 2 modes of problem identification are:

Extraction from a managers practical problem

Cognitive identification of an experienced researcher in the

area of his expertise


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Step 3. Establishing Research Objectives

Researcher has to state what he wants to achievethrough this lengthy research process.

It is necessary to decide the ultimate and

operational objectives before starting the research


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Step 4. Extensive Literature Survey

It is a brief summary

It provides good insight into the problem

Literature survey creates good background for the entire

research work


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Step 5. Deciding Research Design

Exploratory Research: Collecting information in an

unstructured and informal manner. The purpose of theexploratory research is to know the unknown.

Descriptive Research: Studies are normally factual andsimple. The objective of descriptive research is to answerwho, what, when, where andhowof subject.

Cross-Sectional Research (experiments and otherapproaches): Cross-section studies include field studies andsurveys. Sample Data collected from sample elements areanalysed for drawing conclusions.


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Step 6. Identifying Information Types & Sources

Primary Data: Information that has been gatheredspecifically for the research objectives at hand

Secondary Data: Information that has been collected forsome purpose other than the research at hand


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Step 7. Determining Methods of Accessing Data

Primary Data: Collecting data from participants throughmethods such as telephone, mail, online, and face-to-face, andobservation studies and focus groups

Secondary Data: Accessing data through sources such as theInternet and library


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Step 8. Designing Data Collection Forms

The design of the data collection form that is used to ask orobserve and record information in research projects is criticalto the success of the project

This requires difficult job of constructing questionnaire

General types ofinstruments (forms)

Questionnaires

Observation Study forms (protocols)


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Step 9. Determining Sample Plan & Size

Sample plan: refers to the process used to select units fromthe population to be included in the sample

Sample size: refers to determining how many elements (units)of the population should be included in the sample


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Step 10. Collecting Data

Sound data collection is very important because regardless ofthe data analysis method used, data analysis cannot fix baddata

Non sampling errors may occur during data collection. Theseare related to poor design and/or execution of the datagathering

Sampling errors may occur based purely on chance


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Step 11. Analyzing Data

Data analysis: Involves entering data into computer files,inspecting data for errors (data cleaning), running tabulations(frequencies), and conducting various statistical tests


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Step 12. Preparing & Presenting Research Report

Findings are presented, often by research objective, in a clearand concise way

The need for a good report cannot be overstated. It is the report,and/or its presentation, that properly communicates the resultsto the client

In such report, the researcher gives details of research problem,objectives of research, hypothesis, research design, datacollected, conclusions drawn and recommendations made


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Documents

RM_Steps in Research Process_final