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8/3/2019 RM Impact of Dead Spaces Under the Flyover
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Impact of Dead Spaces under a FlyoverResearch Methodology
PGDM 2010-12 Batch 2Trimester II
Chinmay Athaley 62Jaya Consul 67
Monica Gadhecha 76Swaraj Hate 78Romil Khare 86
Praful Khurana 87Rohan Menon 95
Ashwath Rajan 102
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Table of Contents
1. Executive Summary
1
2. Introduction to the Project
3
3. Introduction to the Group
5
4. The Problem we are addressing
6
5. Problem Definition
7
6. Research Methodology
8
7. Secondary Research 9
8. Inferences from Secondary Data
16
9. Primary Research
17
10. Finding and Analysis
42
11. Primary Data Inferences and Recommendations
44
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12. Questionnare
46
13. Bibliography
60
Executive Summary
Flyovers are here to stay.They have become an indispensible part of our day to day lives.
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The advent of Flyovers came into Mumbai in the tenure of the Shiv Sena
BJP coalition government elected for the 1st time during 1995 to 1999.
This was later carried a step forward under the leadership of new
Congress Chief Minister Vilasrao Deshmukh and one saw a large number
of flyovers projects till 2004 and subsequently has continued with thenext government as well and today we have over 50 flyovers in Mumbai
city alone.
However while we saw such a large number of flyovers, what was not
envisaged was the huge creation of dead spaces under the flyover which
are not being utilized properly.
These spaces have not been planned and thus led to a fragmented and
disorganized usage of this space by us. The Government could also
benefit by utilizing this space to generate revenue and at the same timebenefit the people who have set up their livelihood under the flyover.
Both flyovers and skywalks have become a highly visible feature of Mumbais recentrapid urbanisation. The number of flyovers increased from 13 in 1997 to over 50 by2009, while the first skywalks were constructed in 2008. Many more projects areongoing and proposed.
The flux of activity below a flyover in a busy area is tremendous. One
could see a conglomeration people under a flyover buying from vegetable
vendors, fruit sellers, flower garland sellers etc on a typical festival day.
The flyover has an impact on the surrounding area as well.
We have seen an instance of Lata Mangeshkar opposing the flyover
opposite her house due to reasons cited as lack of privacy and increase in
vehicular and noise pollution in the area.
http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report_lata-is-firmly-against-flyover_1020111
http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report_lata-is-firmly-against-flyover_1020111http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report_lata-is-firmly-against-flyover_10201118/3/2019 RM Impact of Dead Spaces Under the Flyover
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http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report_minister-to-meet-lata-asha-on-peddar-road-
flyover-issue_1020391
We also had Amitabh Bachchan express his views against a flyover near
his house on his blog.
This just goes to show that flyovers have impacted not only the common
man but even the most high profile citizens.
Introduction to the Project
With the increase in number of flyovers in Mumbai, the traffic has for sure
eased a little. But what also has happened is that it has created a lot of
dead spaces below the flyover. Dead Spaces here would mean spaces
which are created under a flyover where no planned activity takes place.
http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report_minister-to-meet-lata-asha-on-peddar-road-flyover-issue_1020391http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report_minister-to-meet-lata-asha-on-peddar-road-flyover-issue_1020391http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report_minister-to-meet-lata-asha-on-peddar-road-flyover-issue_1020391http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report_minister-to-meet-lata-asha-on-peddar-road-flyover-issue_10203918/3/2019 RM Impact of Dead Spaces Under the Flyover
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Initially since there are no planned activities, these dead spaces end up
getting used for a number of other activities involving various people.
These activities may broadly include:
1. Hawking (someone who travels selling their merchandise)2. Vendors (someone who is stationary while selling their
merchandise)
3. Vegetable & fruits market
4. Flower market
5. Encroachments (permanent as well as temporary shelter)
6. Begging
7. Under construction projects having labourers
Additionally these spaces are also used for productive and plannedpurposes such as :
1. Paid parking lots
2. Space for keeping towed vehicles
3. Long distance taxi stands
4. Government storage rooms
5. Municipal offices
6. Legal outlets under government schemes
7. Public toilets
8. Eateries9. Beautification Gardens
10.Shops leased or sold under government notifications
11.Police Chowki
We can largely describe the diversity is affected in terms of the following
factors:
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1. Variety of people found below the flyover
2. Change in activity depending on the duration of the day
3. Space available
4. Location of the flyover and surrounding environment
5. Accessibility to the spaces below6. Lighting of areas below the flyover
What is described above could be just be tip of the iceberg.
The sheer diversity of the activities and the people below the flyover is
just an indication of
what we would be covering in our Research Project.
Introduction to the Group
This research project is being undertaken by 8 students of the PGDM
course 2010-12
of the Prin. L.N Welingkar Institute of Management Development and
Research, Mumbai (aka WeSchool) under the guidance ofProf. Victor
Manickam in the
subject of Research Methodology (Batch 2 Trimester 2).
We call ourselves Abhiyaan and our group comprises the following:
Chinmay Athaley (62)
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Jaya Consul (67)
Monica Gadhecha (76)
Swaraj Hate (78)
Romil Khare (86)
Praful Khurana (87)
Rohan Menon (95)
Ashwath Rajan (102)
The problem we are addressing
The space below the flyover is in a constant state of flux in terms of the
range of activities,
duration of the day, type of people and surrounding environment.
We would like to explore the various shades and nuances of the space
below the
flyover in order to gain insights into the way these spaces lead to various
activities that arise
and also includes possibilities which make an impact on society such that
we address :
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How we can help improve the utilisation of
the dead spaces below a flyover
if these spaces were planned and better utilised
such that it could result in a Win Win for the
government authorities,
people below the flyover
and the public at large.
Problem definition
Consider the following examples
Example 1:
As observed under the Dadar West flyover, dead space created under the
flyover is used by hawkers who see the space as an excellent opportunity
to sell their merchandise.
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This results in the gathering of people which in turn can lead to traffic
woes and blockage of access way to the nearby railway stations.
Example 2:
As observed under Kamala Mills flyover, dead space created under theflyover is converted into a parking lot which is creation of real estate in a
city starved of parking spaces.
The above two examples lead us to direct our research towards two
possible lines of thought
A. Impact of the flyover dead spaces on the lives of the people
who use these spaces.
As mentioned above, a variety of people move into the dead space
as soon as they are created. Our motivation is to study:i. Who are these people?
ii. Where have these people come from?
iii. What is their motivation for moving into the dead space?
iv. What is the life of these people post migration (below the
flyover)?
A. Impact of the flyover dead spaces on the real estate
The real estate created could be as follows:
i. Parking lotsii. Municipal storage rooms
iii. Shops
Our area of interest in this research project would be to :
Study the impact on lives of the diverse set of
people,
through the length of the day, under a flyover
and find how these dead spaces can be used better.
Research Methodology
According to our selected line of research of studying the lives of people who use
the spaces under a flyover, we needed to have comprehensive detail about the
peoples day today life pattern and their relationship with the flyover.
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So after collecting the required preliminary data from secondary sources we
decided to go in for observation so as to see firsthand what all happens and
identify the stakeholders involved.
After getting this information we were able to identify the flyovers that we were
going to target as part of the sample.
For primary data collection we went in for structured questionnaire which we
administered to our respondents.
For finding out all the aspects of their lives we decided to have a mixture of
quantitative and qualitative questions.
Thus we were able to get the adequate data which enabled us to do the required
analysis.
Secondary Research
We looked for various secondary sources available so as to mine as much
relevant data as we could get.
The purpose behind this was to better understand the scenario currently
present with respect to flyovers in Mumbai. It gave a little more clarity to
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our thoughts, removed some of the biases that we had and also defined
the scope of the research in terms of the stakeholders involved and the
way forward.
As our primary research was going to be based in Mumbai we limited the
scope of the secondary data to flyovers present in Mumbai only.
We started with the details about the number of flyovers present in the
city and their location.
As per our findings there are 52 flyovers currently present in Mumbai with
39 of them being completed and the others are either under construction
or the construction work is about to commence.
We decided to study the completed flyovers only and thus these 39
flyovers became the population for our research.
Then we searched for specific data pertaining to the dimensions of these
flyovers. The use of this data was to have an idea about the amount of
dead space created due to the construction of a flyover.
The data was also required to decide upon the sample that we were going
to target for the primary research and also to see the relationship
between the size of the flyovers to the kind of activity that takes place
and also the number of activities that take place.
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About the Flyovers under MSRDCMSRDC has aimed to alleviate the traffic congestion in the city
of Bombay or Mumbai by constructing 50 flyovers.
MSRDC - Project - 50 Flyovers
(Mumbai Traffic Improvement Mega - Project)
In Mumbai city there is a urgent need to cater for the trafficspecially quick entry and exit from the city. The industrialisationand growth of traffic has resulted into congestion which has raised
the pollution at various traffic junctions.
MSRDC was given the task of improving the current traffic
conditions by the Maharashtra Government. MSRDC has aimed toalleviate the traffic congestion in the city of Bombay or Mumbai byconstructing 50 flyovers. The attempt is to maintain a highway
character of the important roads in the city and also to reducecongestion at key junctions.
APPROACH
Flyovers are located on major traffic corridors, namely:-
Sion - Panvel Expressway
Western Express Highway
Eastern Express Highway
Major roads in Mumbai city
The flyovers are planned with a corridor development approach. This
fast corridor will make it possible to move from Thane, Vashi orBorivali and reach South Mumbai faster.
TECHNOLOGY
Latest technology used for the construction will make the quality ofconstruction of high standard and also minimize the time factor for thecompletion. The tender condition for incentive for earlier completion
and penalty for delayed construction are helpful in maintaining stricttime schedule.
ESTIMATED COST
The total cost of project is Rs. 1500 crores which will be financed from resources mobilised throughbonds, loans from MMRDA, financial assistance from PWD, MCGM and TMC.
By adopting advanced technology, modern machinery and simplified tender procedure, saving isresulted in project cost. Till today 37 flyovers are completed and 2 flyovers works are in progress. Traveltime on three highways in Mumbai is reduced by 20 to 25 minutes. To recover the cost of the project,
Government of Maharashtra has authorized MSRDC to levy a toll on major roads at five locations inMumbai.
Toll collection work is started in January 2000 after overcoming initial hurdles. MSRDC is getting a
revenue of Rs. 70 crores per annum by way of toll in Mumbai. Government of Maharashtra has levied acess on petrol & diesel in Mumbai region to recover the cost of flyovers. Expected income of Rs. 50
crores per annum will be transferred to MSRDC.
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Following is the details about the flyovers present in Mumbai and
their dimensions
Sr.No.
Flyover Name
LengthofFlyoverBridge(inmetres)
Length ofBridge(in metres)
Width
(in
metres
)
Area(Sq.M)
List of Flyovers where work hasbeen completed:
Western Express Highway
1 Mahim Junction 670 287
2 Kalina Vakola 1427 112724.2 27273.4
3 Janata Colony
4 Jogeshwari - Vikroli Link Road 130035
5 Aarey Goregaon
6Goregaon Mulund Link Road
731 471 24.2 11398.2
7 Rani Sati Marg 700
8 Shantaram Talao
9 Akurli Road
10 Dattapada Road
11 National Park
12 Shiv Vallabh Road 670 28716.5 4735.5
13 Sahar Flyover (through PWD)
Eastern Express Highway
14 Aurora 350
15 Sion 681 360
16 Sion Hospital 578
17 C.S.T (Kurla) 686 396 22 8712
18 Chheda Nagar 702 412 12 4944
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19 Andheri Ghatkopar Link Road
20 Vikroli Junction
21 Jogeshwari Vikroli Link Road
22 Goregaon Mulund Link Road 73124.2
23 Nitin Casting 1444.424.2
24 Cadbury 144424.2
25 Golden Dyes 83124.2
Sion Panvel Highway
26 Chembur Mankhurd Link Road 736 440 12 5280
27 Vashi
28 Nerul junction 72924.2
29 Konkan Bhavan
30 Kharghar
31 Taloje 52212
32
B.A.R.C.
667 388 11 4268
Mumbai City Road
33 S.B Marg : Fergusson Road 874 63813.25 8453.5
34 S.B Marg : Elphinstone Road 1233 113813.25 15078.5
35 S.B Marg : N.M Joshi Road 1233 113813.25 15078.5
36 Dadar Khodadad Circle 86517
37 J.J.Hospital - Bhendi Bazar 240016.2
38 J.J Hospital - Crawford Maket 2400
39Adi Shankaracharya Marg : JVLR(Pawai)
List of Flyovers where work is inprogress:
Mumbai City Roads
40 Adi Shankaracharya Marg : LBS
41R.C.F. Junction
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List of Flyovers where work has notcommenced:
Western Express Highway42 Kherwadi 485
43 Santacruz Airport Junction 703
Eastern Express Highway
44 Kapurbawadi
Sion Panvel Highway
45 Uran Road
46 Kamothe
Mumbai City Roads
47 Haji Ali
48 S.B. Marg : Connect to Weh
49 Worli Naka
50 Siddhi Vinayak
51 Barfiwala Junction 474.4
52Juhu Airport Subway
Sr.No.
Flyover Name
Lengthof
FlyoverBridge(inmetres)
Length ofBridge
(in metres)
Width
(in
metres
)
Area(in Sq.
M)
1 Kalina Vakola1427 1127 24.2 27273.4
2 Goregaon Mulund Link Road731 471 24.2 11398.2
3 Shiv Vallabh Road670 287 16.5 4735.5
4 Chheda Nagar702 412 12 4944
5 Chembur Mankhurd Link Road 736 440 12 5280
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6 B.A.R.C.667 388 11 4268
7 S.B Marg : Fergusson Road874 638 13.25 8453.5
8 S.B Marg : Elphinstone Road1233 1138 13.25 15078.5
9 S.B Marg : N.M Joshi Road1233 1138 13.25 15078.5
10Kavi Keshavsut Dadar(West)Flyover
270 150 12 1800
The length of Flyover Bridge is the complete length of the flyover from
one end to the other.
The length of bridge is the length which is having open space under it,
which is the total length minus the length of the ramp that is normally
closed.
The last part of the table shows the list of flyover for which we could get
the complete information about the dimensions and hence the amount of
dead space created.
The main source for the above data was the internet. Not all of the
information about the dimensions of the flyovers was available on the
internet. So for the information not available we approached the
concerned authorities but could not get anything additional to what was
already given. In order to get as much data as possible we ourselvesmeasured the dimensions of some of the flyovers.
We looked at the area that was created as spaces being used by the
stakeholders and thus did not focus on the information pertaining to the
real estate aspect of the area.
Moreover all this information was related to the quantitative aspects of
the flyover. But as our objective defines we were emphasizing on the
impact of the dead spaces on the lives of the people that are associated
with these spaces.
Thus we needed to have a detailed qualitative study as well; in addition to
the quantitative data available. There was very little of such information
available through secondary sources. There were articles in newspapers,
magazines, blogs and official publications related to the problem that we
were addressing but all of them were personal views and could not be
taken as the truth. Never the less these sources gave us some head start
about the prevailing situation and acted as reference points for us.
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In order to get some more details about the various stakeholders related
to a flyover we did some observational research. We went to five flyoversand noted the activities that took place in the spaces created under the
flyover.
The choice of the flyover was made so as to get as much variety as
possible in order to cover a wide variety of activities taking place under
the flyovers. Thus we saw the things taking place at various places and at
different time of the day so as to see if there was any variation with
respect to the time of the day.
At this point we did not talk to any of our potential respondents but onlyobserved. This was required because not much secondary data was
available related to the situation and thus to get some direction it was
very important to go and observe by ourselves the things happening
under the flyovers.
Following are some of the observations made by us
Sr. No. Flyover Name Observation
1
Kavi Keshavsut
Dadar(West) Flyover
Cloths ,flowers, shoe shop, juice shop,restaurant, police station, home for streetchildren, fruit, vegetables, bags, artificial
jewellery, goggles, festive decorations,
night centres for street children, mobileaccessory, opticians, public utilities, milkcentre, STD PCO, newspaper, purses, toys,plastic bottles, watches, police station+parking, dry fruits, panchayat
2Hon. Jagannath alias NanaSunkersett Flyover atDadar tt Khodadad Circle
Pay & park, beautification garden,municipality office
3 Sion HospitalPeople sleeping, municipality building(under construction), a temporary shed
for a guard4 Fine Arts, Chembur Public toilet, vegetable market, key maker
5Bandra Reclamationflyover extending up toExpress Highway
Police Chowki, Space for keeping towedvehicles, beggars & laborers
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The above information helped us to better define the objective of the
research and also created questions in our mind.
Thus we got direction towards the content, designing and theadministrative requirements of the questionnaire.
Inferences from Secondary Data
The amount of dead space created could not be generalized based
on the dimensions of the flyover. The area of dead space created
varied with the type of flyover (single poll or double poll)
The kind of activities that take place, depend on the height of the
flyover. Normally the low height flyovers are being used by vendors
for selling their items and the flyovers having higher heights are
mainly used for parking purposes.
The activities are not determined by the length or the width of the
flyover.
A single flyover is being used for a single primary purpose only. Thatis, there would be only vendors or only parking under a flyover and
there are only exceptions of both being present under the same
flyover. This does not apply to the presence of beggars, people who
sleep under the flyovers and any other activity.
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Primary Research
Observation Sheet : General Questions
Question
2
How long have you lived here Show Card No.3
Less than a year A 12
Between 1 & 5 years B 15
Between 5 & 10 years C 6
More than 10 years D 12
Single Response
Question3 How do you travel to the flyover? Show Card No.4
Live under the flyover A 13
Walking / Cycle B 14
Bus C 2
Train D 16
Single Response
Question
1
Where do you stay wrt flyover? Show Card
No.2
Under the flyover A 13
Less than a Km from flyover B 9
Between 1 & 5 Km from flyover C 6
More than 5 Km from flyover D 17
Single Response
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Question
4
In a day, how many hours do you spend under
the flyover?
Show Card No.5
1 to 6 hours A 2
6 to 12 hours B 14
12 to 18 hours C 16
18 to 24 hours D 13
Single Response
Question
5
Who all stay with you? Show Card No.6
Parents A 12
Children B 13
Husband / Wife C 23
Other D 14
Multiple Responses
Question
6
Where do your parents live? Show Card No.7
With me A 13
Under some other flyover B 0
Native place C 20
Others D 12
Single Response
Question
7
What did your parents do for a living? Show Card No.8
Sell under the same flyover A 5
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Sell under another flyover B 0
Other occupation (including selling but not under any
flyover)
C 12
Not Working D 28
Single Response
Question
8
How often do you go to your native place in a
year?
Show Card No.9
0 A 13
1 B 14
2 C 12
More than 2 D 6
Single Response
Question
9
What do your children do during the day? Show Card
No.10
Supporting/Helping in their profession A 2
Study at school B 13
Playing/Staying at home/ Living with relatives C 4
Not Applicable D 26
Single Response
Question
10
What do you want your child to become? Show Card
No.11
Take up same profession A 2
Other Business B 7
Doctor/Engineer C 7
Other Professions D 29
Single Response
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Question
11
What do you do in your free time? Show Card No.
Watch TV / Radio A 11
No free time B 19
Spend time with family C 5
Others D 10
Multiple Responses
Question
12
Are you a registered voter? Show Card No.1
Yes A 26
No B 19
Single Response
Question
13
Did any government official approach you
regarding your activity under flyover?
Show Card
No.12
Yes A 5
No B 40
Single Response
Question
14
How long have you been associated with this
flyover?
Show Card No.3
Less than a year A 12
Between 1 & 5 years B 15
Between 5 & 10 years C 4
More than 10 years D 14
Single Response
Question
15
How did you come to know about this place? Show Card
No.13
Family A 16
Friends B 10
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Other vendors/beggars/labourers C 6
Others D 13
Multiple Responses
Question
16
Have you been allocated/ licensed to have a
shop/building/home under a flyover by any
government scheme?
Show Card No.1
Yes A 12
No B 22
Not Applicable C 11
Single Response
Question
17
Are you looking to settle here permanently? Show Card No.1
Yes A 16
No B 29
Single Response
Question
18
How many times have you changed the location
in the past one year from one flyover to
another?
Show Card No.9
0 A 33
1 B 3
2 C 2
More than 2 D 7
Single Response
Question19 What is your staple diet? Show Card No.
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Single Response
Question
23
What is your major personal expenditure? Show Card
No.17
Children education A 5
Shelter B 4
Food C 31
Other D 5
Single Response
Question
24
Do you have a bank account? Show Card No.1
Yes A 16
No B 29
Single Response
Question
25
What kind of property you hold? Show Card
No.18
House A 25
Shops B 2
Farms C 7
Do not own property D 20
Multiple Responses
Question
26
Where is the location of property you hold? Show Card
No.19
In Mumbai A 10
In Other parts of Maharashtra B 9
In other parts of India C 15
Not applicable D 16
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Multiple Responses
Question27
Do you use the toilet under the flyover? Show CardNo.20
Yes A 20
No B 6
No toilet C 19
Single Response
Question
28
Do you pay money for using the toilets? Show Card No.1
Yes A 17
No B 4
Not Applicable C 24
Single Response
Question
29
How are the toilets being maintained? Show Card
No.21
Government Cleaners A 14
Private Cleaners B 5
Contract Basis C 2
Not Applicable D 24
Single Response
Question
30
Is the toilet that you are using hygienic and
properly maintained?
Show Card No.1
Yes A 15
No B 5
Not Applicable C 24
Single Response
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Questio
n 31Do the people under the flyover interact with the
occupants of the vehicles parked under the flyover?
Show Card
No.1
Yes A 12
No B 33
Single Response
Questions to Vendors
Questio
n 1
Why did you come here to sell? Show Card No.22
Forced to come here A 4
Better opportunity to sell B 10
No other option C 5
No specific reason D 4
Single Response
Questio
n 2
How long have you sold your items here Show Card No.3
Less than a year A 1
Between 1 & 5 years B 3
Between 5 & 10 years C 3
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More than 10 years D 16
Single Response
Question 3
Are you the first in your family to come underthis flyover to sell?
Show Card No.1
Yes A 8
No B 15
Single Response
Questio
n 4
What was your previous profession? Show Card
No.23
Selling same items A 13
Selling other items B 2
Not Working C 1
Others D 7
Single Response
Questio
n 5
What makes you change the way you work? Show Card No.24
Amount of space A 0
People around B 5
Items being sold C 1
Do not change D 17
Single Response
Questio
n 6
How much does the location of the flyover
affect the price of the wares?
Show Card No.25
1% A 0
3% B 0
Over 5% C 5
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No change D 18
Single Response
Question 7
How do you select the spot for selling? Show Card No.26
Fixed spot A 16
Randomly select B 5
Popular spots C 2
Based on space available D 0
Single Response
Questio
n 8Is there an agreement for the usage of space? Show Card No.27
Yes, formal agreement A 5
Yes, Informal agreement B 6
No agreement C 10
Unaware D 2
Single Response
Questio
n 9
Why do they sit together? Show Card No.28
Safety and security A 2
Easier to communicate B 0
Common Interests C 8
No, they do not sit together D 13
Single Response
Questio
n 10
How much rent do you pay? Show Card No.29
Rs.0-500 A 2
Rs.500-1000 B 0
More than Rs.1000 C 0
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I do not pay rent D 21
Single Response
Questio
n 11
Where do you get your materials from? Show Card No.30
Same as everyone else A 19
Some other place B 2
Self produced C 2
Single Response
Questio
n 12
Where did you get the money from to run the
business?
Show Card No.31
Self funded A 17
Borrowed from family / friends B 2
Borrowed from money lender C 1
Other Source D 3
Single Response
Questio
n 13
How many more Businesses do you run? Show Card No.9
0 A 18
1 B 4
2 C 1
More than 2 D 0
Single Response
Questio
n 14
How many more locations do you operate your
business?
Show Card No.9
0 A 21
1 B 1
2 C 1
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More than 2 D 0
Single Response
Questio
n 15
How do you coordinate activities between
different locations?
Show Card
No.32
Phone A 2
Vehicle B 0
Foot C 2
Not Applicable D 6
Single Response
Questio
n 16
Would you like to sell the same product if you
are provided with one more shop under this
flyover?
Show Card No.1
Yes A 15
No B 7
Single Response
Questio
n 17
How festivals and events (near the flyover) have
impact on your business?
Show Card
No.33
Do not affect A 0
Decline B 1
Increase C 22
Single Response
Questio
n 18
Are you availing the following schemes? Show Card
No.34
Indira Awas Yojna A 0
Maha EGS (Maharashtra Government Employee Guarantee
Scheme)
B 0
Not aware C 23
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Multiple Responses
Questions to Beggars
Questio
n 1
Why did you come here? Show Card No.22
Forced to come here A 1
Better opportunity to beg B 0
No other option C 5
No specific reason D 3
Single Response
Questio
n 2
How long have you been begging here Show Card No.3
Less than a year A 1
Between 1 & 5 years B 2
Between 5 & 10 years C 0
More than 10 years D 0Single Response
Questio
n 3
Are you the first in your family to come under
this flyover to beg?
Show Card No.1
Yes A 7
No B 2
Single Response
Questio
n 4
What was your previous profession? Show Card
No.23
Selling items A 0
Not Working B 4
Others C 5
Single Response
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Questio
n 5
How do you select the spot for begging? Show Card No.26
Fixed spot A 4
Randomly select B 2
Popular spots C 3
Based on space available D 0
Single Response
Question
6
Why do you sit together? Show Card
No.28
Safety and security A 3
Easier to communicate
B
0
Common Interests C 0
No, we do not sit together D 6
Question
7
How many more locations do you operate your
business?
Show Card No.9
0 A 7
1 B 2
2 C 0
More than 2 D 0
Question
8
How much does the location of the flyover affect
your operations?
Show Card
No.25
Under 5% A 1
Over 5% B 0
Not applicable C 7
No change D 1
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Single Response
Question9
How do festivals and events(near the flyover)have impact on your business?
Show CardNo.33
Do not affect A 1
Decline B 0
Increase C 8
Single Response
Question
10
Are you availing the following schemes? Show Card
No.34
Indira Awas Yojna A 0
Maha EGS (Maharashtra Government Employee Guarantee Scheme) B 0
Not aware C 9
Multiple Responses
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Questions to Labourers
Question
1
What was your previous profession? Show Card
No.23
Selling items A 0
Not Working B 3
Others C 5
Single Response
Question
2
How do you select the spot for stay/living? Show Card
No.26
Fixed spot A 2
Randomly select B 1
Popular spots C 2
Based on space available D 3
Single Response
Question3
Is there an agreement for the usage of space? Show CardNo.27
Yes, formal agreement A 0
Yes, Informal agreement B 4
No agreement C 4
Unaware D 0
Single Response
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Question
4
Since you live here for construction, where will
you go when the construction is complete?
Show Card
No.28
Keep staying here A 0
Move to the next construction place B 5
Other C 0
Do not know D 3
Single Response
Question
5
How monsoons have impact on you? Show Card
No.33
Do not affect A 0
Decline B 8
Increase C 0
Single Response
Questions on Parking
Question
1
In case of parking, what is the usual duration on a
typical day?
Show Card
No.29
0-2 hrs A 3
2-5 hrs B 3
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5-12 hrs C 0
More than 12 hrs D 0
Single Response
Question
2
How festivals and events(near the flyover) have
impact on your business?
Show Card
No.33
Do not affect A 2
Decline B 1
Increase C 3
Single Response
Question
3
What was your previous profession? Show Card
No.23
Selling items A 0
Not Working B 0
Others C 6
Single Response
Findings and Analysis
Talk with a parking respondent under Dadar East Flyover
One of the main observations from the discussion was that they care for theirchildren. The respondent worked in the house of a CA and is quite motivated by
the profession and the associated benefits i.e fame and money. His child is
studying in 5th class in his native place. He regularly checks his child's
performance and makes sure his child is strong in subjects like mathematics. He
wants his child to become a CA. He was also inquiring about the government
schemes for child's study so that he can support his family better. This reflects
the awareness levels of people concerning their childrens education and
unavailability/lack of awareness about government/NGO schemes.
He was quite frustrated and afraid about the criminal activities happening in the
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area because thieves there steal the mirrors and brand logos from the hood of
the car.
Apart from that drunkards create a mess making the respondents work
problematic.
From a migrant labourer under Matunga flyover
One thing that was a very genuine concern for him was that he would not be
welcome in his house when he is old and cannot work.
He had no motivation to save money since he had no children.
From a clothes vendor under the Dadar West flyover
Given a choice he would have loved to continue working on his own rather than
be employed by someone, so that he could be independent.
They rent their place to others when they go to their native place for vacation.
From a Vada Pav vendor under the Dadar West flyover
The vendor had a pan card, shop license and other relevant documents to prove
ownership of space. He was also allotted place on the first floor in The Hawkers
Plaza, but he did not choose to move as he was selling eatable commodity which
would not sell at the allocated place. He mentioned that the thieves pay a
regular hafta to the local police for not catching them.
He had a complaint regarding a gate being closed by the authorities after theKasab incident. His shop is located next to the gate and the closure has affected
his business a lot. There was also a genuine concern that this closure is a
problem to elderly as well as pregnant women as they now had to go to extreme
ends of Dadar station for the tickets.
He had a genuine expectation that our interview would bring about at least a
small change in his work life. This was proved further when he came up front and
gave his contact details and offered help when needed.
From a Telephone booth / sandwich vendor under the Dadar West
flyover
The vendor had a licensed agreement with the BMC wherein he used to pay BMC
Rs 700 per month as rent.
He also had an alternative shop location provided to him by the BMC, in case the
flyover was not there in future.
Even though the shop space was very small, he hired an associate so that he
could have that extra income.
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Primary Data Inferences and
Recommendations
Majority of the people live far away (38%) from the flyover and either travel by train (50%)or walking (50%), moreover all the parking attendants spend more than 10-12 hours workingunder the flyover and they do not get much of free time.
Inferences: They lead a stressed life.
Recommendations: Reduce shift timing/duty timings for parking people.
54% of respondents save some part of their income, 64% do not have a bank account.
Inferences: The respondents have a poor access to banking system in spite of having moneysaved.
Recommendations: Opportunity for banks to approach this target segment for providingbanking services to these people.
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59% have some minor/seasonal ailment, 44% have no access to Doctor/Medication.
Inference: The respondents do not have access to proper medical facilities but they requirethe same.
Recommendations: Medication facilities could be provided.
Inferences: 31% people who have been associated with flyover for more than 10 years aregenerally 2nd generation entrepreneurs.
54% respondents save some part of their income, 44% do not own their property.
Inferences: Even though people have surplus income they do not invest in property.
Recommendations: Government could promote housing schemes.
81% of the respondents who have access to the toilet pay for it, at the same time 42% do nothave toilet facilities under the flyover. 75% are satisfied with the maintenance and hygienelevel.
Inferences: The respondents show willingness to pay for the usage of toilets hence by
constructing more toilets government can expect more revenue.Recommendations: Scope for adding more toilets for people working/living under theflyover and also adding revenue stream for the government.
96% of the respondents do not want their children to take up their current profession, to thateffect more than 68% of their children are going to school.
Inferences: This shows that they have aspirations for the career of their children.
91% do not pay any rent to the government and 55% have some saving from their income.Also 91% operate at single location.
Inferences: The respondents have the capacity to pay rent but are currently not.
Recommendations: Government could levy rent and make these businesses more organizedand stable at the same time increase revenues.
100% of the people are not aware about any of the government schemes.
Recommendations: The government thus need to communicate effectively with the peopleso that they can get the benefits from these schemes.
For 78% of the vendors, their current business is the only business they are doing. 54% savesome part of their income.
Inferences: These people have a potential to buy out insurance for their business.
Recommendations: Government/Insurance companies could promote insurance facilities forthe vendors
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QuestionnaireInterviewers Name
Interview Date Interview Time to
Good morning/afternoon/evening Sir, I am
__________________________________________________
from Prin. L.N. Welingkar Institute of Management Development & Research, Mumbai
and conducting a study and survey for a Research Project. Presently the study is being
conducted in the city of Mumbai to understand the Impact of Dead Spaces below a
Flyover.
Respondent Profile
Name of the
Respondent
Mr./Mrs./Ms.
Age
Flyover Name
Area & Pin code
Telephone(Residence)
Telephone(Mobile)
DEMOGRAPHIC DETAILS OF THE RESPONDENT
GENDER PERSONAL DETAILS NO. OF EARNING
MEMBERS
Male 1. Married 1. One 1.
Female 2. Unmarried 2. Two 2.
EDUCATION NO. OF FAMILY Three 3.
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MEMBERS
SSC/HSC 1. One 1. Four 4.
Graduate(General) 2. Two 2. More than four 5.
Graduate(Professional) 3. Three 3. MOTHER TONGUE
Post Graduate(General) 4. Four 4. Hindi 1.
Post
Graduate(Professional)
5. Five 5. Marathi 2.
Others 6. Six 6. Gujrati 3.
TYPE OF FAMILY Seven 7. Tamil 4.
Nuclear 1. Eight 8. Malylam 5.
Joint 2. Nine 9. Oriya 6.
Family with parents 3. Ten 10. Bihari 7
.
Living Single 4. More than Ten 11. Others 8
.
QuestionnairevvvvvGeneral Questions
Question
1
Where do you stay wrt flyover? Show Card No.2
Under the flyover A
Less than a Km from flyover B
Between 1 & 5 Km from flyover C
More than 5 Km from flyover D
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Single Response
Question
2
How long have you lived here Show Card No.3
Less than a year A
Between 1 & 5 years B
Between 5 & 10 years C
More than 10 years D
Single Response
Question
3
How do you travel to the flyover? Show Card No.4
Live under the flyover A
Walking / Cycle B
Bus C
Train D
Single Response
Question
4
In a day, how many hours do you spend under
the flyover?
Show Card No.5
1 to 6 hours A
6 to 12 hours B
12 to 18 hours C
18 to 24 hours D
Single Response
Question
5
Who all stay with you? Show Card No.6
Parents A
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More than 2 D
Single Response
Question
9
What do your children do during the day? Show Card
No.10
Supporting/Helping in their profession A
Study at school B
Playing/Staying at home/ Living with relatives C
Not Applicable D
Single Response
Question
10
What do you want your child to become? Show Card
No.11
Take up same profession A
Other Business B
Doctor/Engineer C
Other Professions D
Single Response
Question
11
What do you do in your free time? Show Card No.
Watch TV / Radio A
No free time B
Spend time with family C
Others D
Multiple Responses
Question
12
Are you a registered voter? Show Card No.1
Yes A
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No B
Single Response
Question
13
Did any government official approach you
regarding your activity under flyover?
Show Card
No.12
Yes A
No B
Single Response
Question
14
How long have you been associated with this
flyover
Show Card No.3
Less than a year A
Between 1 & 5 years B
Between 5 & 10 years C
More than 10 years D
Single Response
Question
15
How did you come to know about this place? Show Card
No.13
Family A
Friends B
Other vendors/beggars/labourers C
Other D
Multiple Responses
Question
16
Have you been allocated/ licensed to have a
shop/building/home under a flyover by any
government scheme?
Show Card No.1
Yes A
No B
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Not Applicable C
Single Response
Question17
Are you looking to settle here permanently? Show Card No.1
Yes A
No B
Single Response
Question
18
How many times have you changed the location
in the past one year from one flyover toanother?
Show Card No.9
0 A
1 B
2 C
More than 2 D
Single Response
Question
19
What is your staple diet? Show Card No.
Dal, Rice A
Roti, Sabji B
Non Veg C
Others D
Multiple Responses
Question
20
What health related issues do you have? Show Card
No.14
Seasonal ailments/ Epidemics A
Minor ailments B
Major ailments C
No Health issues DSingle Response
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Question
21
Do you access the following? Show Card
No.15
Doctor A
Medications B
Medical tests /Clinics / Surgery C
None of the above D
Multiple Response from A,B,C possible
Question
22
How much part of income do you save Show Card
No.16
5 to 10% A
10 to 20% B
More than 20% C
No Savings D
Single Response
Question
23
What is your major personal expenditure? Show Card
No.17
Children education A
Shelter B
Food C
Other D
Single Response
Question
24
Do you have a bank account? Show Card No.1
Yes A
No B
Single Response
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Question
25
What kind of property you hold? Show Card
No.18
House A
Shops B
Farms C
Do not own property D
Multiple Responses
Question
26
Where is the location of property you hold? Show Card
No.19
In Mumbai A
In Other parts of Maharashtra B
In other parts of India C
Not applicable D
Multiple Responses
Question
27
Do you use the toilet under the flyover? Show Card
No.20
Yes A
No B
No toilet C
Single Response
Question
28
Do you pay money for using the toilets? Show Card No.1
Yes A
No B
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Not Applicable C
Single Response
Question
29
How are the toilets being maintained? Show Card
No.21
Government Cleaners A
Private Cleaners B
Contract Basis C
Not Applicable D
Single Response
Question
30
Is the toilet that you are using hygienic and
properly maintained?
Show Card No.1
Yes A
No B
Not Applicable C
Single Response
Question
31 Do the people under the flyover interact with theoccupants of the vehicles parked under the
flyover?
Show Card No.1
Yes A
No B
Single Response
Question 32 How different do you see yourself when you first came here and
now?
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Question 33 What would you do if flyover is gone / taken away from your life?
Question 34 If you want to change something under this flyover what would it
be?
Questions to Vendors
Question
1
Why did you come here to sell? Show Card
No.22
Forced to come here A
Better opportunity to sell B
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No other option C
No specific reason D
Single Response
Question
2
How long have you sold your items here Show Card No.3
Less than a year A
Between 1 & 5 years B
Between 5 & 10 years C
More than 10 years D
Single Response
Question
3
Are you the first in your family to come under this
flyover to sell?
Show Card
No.1
Yes A
No B
Single Response
Question
4
What was your previous profession? Show Card
No.23
Selling same items A
Selling other items B
Not Working C
Others D
Single Response
Question
5
What makes you change the way you work? Show Card
No.24
Amount of space A
People around B
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Items being sold C
Do not change D
Single Response
Question
6
How much does the location of the flyover affect
the price of the wares?
Show Card
No.25
Under 5% A
Over 5% B
Not applicable C
No change D
Single Response
Question
7
How do you select the spot for selling? Show Card
No.26
Fixed spot A
Randomly select B
Popular spots C
Based on space available D
Single Response
Question
8Is there an agreement for the usage of space? Show Card
No.27
Yes, formal agreement A
Yes, Informal agreement B
No agreement C
Unaware D
Single Response
Question
9
Why do you sit together? Show Card
No.28
Safety and security A
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Easier to communicate B
Common Interests C
No, We do not sit together D
Single Response
Question
10
How much rent do you pay (per month)? Show Card
No.29
Rs.0-500 A
Rs.1000-1000 B
More than Rs.1000 C
I do not pay rent D
Single Response
Question
11
Where do you get your materials from? Show Card
No.30
Same as everyone else A
Some other place B
Self produced C
Single Response
Question
12
Where did you get the money from to run the
business?
Show Card
No.31
Self funded A
Borrowed from family / friends B
Borrowed from money lender C
Other Source D
Single Response
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Question
13
How many more Businesses do you run? Show Card No.9
0 A
1 B
2 C
More than 2 D
Single Response
Question
14
How many more locations do you operate your
business?
Show Card No.9
0 A
1 B
2 C
More than 2 D
Single Response
Question
15
How do you coordinate activities between
different locations?
Show Card
No.32
Phone A
Vehicle B
Foot C
Not Applicable D
Single Response
Question
16
Would you like to sell the same product if you
are provided with one more shop under this
flyover?
Show Card No.1
Yes A
No B
Single Response
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Question
17
How festivals and events(near the flyover) have
impact on your business?
Show Card
No.33
Do not affect A
Decline B
Increase C
Single Response
Question
18
Are you availing the following schemes? Show Card
No.34
Indira Awas Yojna A
Maha EGS (Maharashtra Government Employee Guarantee Scheme) B
Not aware C
Multiple Responses
Questions to Beggars
Question
1
Why did you come here? Show Card
No.22
Forced to come here A
Better opportunity to beg B
No other option C
No specific reason D
Single Response
Question
2
How long have you been begging here Show Card No.3
Less than a year A
Between 1 & 5 years B
Between 5 & 10 years C
More than 10 years D
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Single Response
Question
3
Are you the first in your family to come under this
flyover to beg?
Show Card
No.1
Yes A
No B
Single Response
Question
4
What was your previous profession? Show Card
No.23
Selling items A
Not Working B
Others C
Single Response
Question5
How do you select the spot for begging? Show CardNo.26
Fixed spot A
Randomly select B
Popular spots C
Based on space available D
Single Response
Question
6
Why do you sit together? Show Card
No.28
Safety and security A
Easier to communicate B
Common Interests C
No, we do not sit together D
Single Response
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Question
7
How many more locations do you operate in? Show Card No.9
0 A
1 B
2 C
More than 2 D
Single Response
Question
8
How much does the location of the flyover affect
your operations?
Show Card
No.25
Under 5% A
Over 5% B
Not applicable C
No change DSingle Response
Question
9
How do festivals and events(near the flyover)
have impact on your business?
Show Card
No.33
Do not affect A
Decline B
Increase C
Single Response
Question
10
Are you availing the following schemes? Show Card
No.34
Indira Awas Yojna A
Maha EGS (Maharashtra Government Employee Guarantee Scheme) B
Not aware C
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Multiple Responses
Questions to Labourers
Question
1
What was your previous profession? Show Card
No.23
Selling items A
Not Working B
Others C
Single Response
Question
2
How do you select the spot for stay/living? Show Card
No.26
Fixed spot A
Randomly select B
Popular spots C
Based on space available D
Single Response
Question Is there an agreement for the usage of space? Show Card
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3 No.27
Yes, formal agreement A
Yes, Informal agreement B
No agreement C
Unaware D
Single Response
Question
4
Since you live here for construction, where will
you go when the construction is complete?
Show Card
No.28
Keep staying here A
Move to the next construction place B
Other C
Do not know D
Single Response
Question
5
How monsoons have impact on you? Show Card
No.33
Do not affect A
Decline B
Increase C
Single Response
Questions on Parking
Question
1
In case of parking, what is the usual duration on a
typical day?
Show Card
No.29
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0-2 hrs A
2-5 hrs B
5-12 hrs C
More than 12 hrs D
Single Response
Question
2
How festivals and events(near the flyover) have
impact on your business?
Show Card
No.33
Do not affect A
Decline B
Increase C
Single Response
Question
3
What was your previous profession? Show Card
No.23
Selling items A
Not Working B
Others C
Single Response
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Bibliography
Websites
http://www.msrdc.org/Projects/50flyovers.aspx
http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report_two-vital-flyovers-in-mumbai-could-
soon-be-ready-for-use_1358175
http://www.verticalurbanism.com/
http://www.newsblogs.co.in/?p=53
http://www.rediff.com/money/2007/mar/22mumbai.htm
http://www.projectsmonitor.com/detailnews.asp?newsid=11501
kajalkiyer.blogspot.com/2009/03/life-under-flyover.html
http://www.hindustantimes.com/Man-found-dead-under-flyover/Article1-
655894.aspx
http://praja.in/en/blog/dvsquare/2011/01/12/why-all-flyovers-have-unwritten-stops-start-and-end-
doesnt-defeat-purpose-f
http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/Asiad-bus-stand-to-be-shifted-
under-flyover/articleshow/5132967.cms
www.youthkiawaaz.com/2008/04/beggary-in-india/
http://www.skyscrapercity.com/showthread.php?t=611753
Books
Maximum City by Suketu Mehta
http://www.msrdc.org/Projects/50flyovers.aspxhttp://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report_two-vital-flyovers-in-mumbai-could-soon-be-ready-for-use_1358175http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report_two-vital-flyovers-in-mumbai-could-soon-be-ready-for-use_1358175http://www.verticalurbanism.com/http://www.newsblogs.co.in/?p=53http://www.rediff.com/money/2007/mar/22mumbai.htmhttp://www.projectsmonitor.com/detailnews.asp?newsid=11501http://www.hindustantimes.com/Man-found-dead-under-flyover/Article1-655894.aspxhttp://www.hindustantimes.com/Man-found-dead-under-flyover/Article1-655894.aspxhttp://praja.in/en/blog/dvsquare/2011/01/12/why-all-flyovers-have-unwritten-stops-start-and-end-doesnt-defeat-purpose-fhttp://praja.in/en/blog/dvsquare/2011/01/12/why-all-flyovers-have-unwritten-stops-start-and-end-doesnt-defeat-purpose-fhttp://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/Asiad-bus-stand-to-be-shifted-under-flyover/articleshow/5132967.cmshttp://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/Asiad-bus-stand-to-be-shifted-under-flyover/articleshow/5132967.cmshttp://www.youthkiawaaz.com/2008/04/beggary-in-india/http://www.msrdc.org/Projects/50flyovers.aspxhttp://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report_two-vital-flyovers-in-mumbai-could-soon-be-ready-for-use_1358175http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report_two-vital-flyovers-in-mumbai-could-soon-be-ready-for-use_1358175http://www.verticalurbanism.com/http://www.newsblogs.co.in/?p=53http://www.rediff.com/money/2007/mar/22mumbai.htmhttp://www.projectsmonitor.com/detailnews.asp?newsid=11501http://www.hindustantimes.com/Man-found-dead-under-flyover/Article1-655894.aspxhttp://www.hindustantimes.com/Man-found-dead-under-flyover/Article1-655894.aspxhttp://praja.in/en/blog/dvsquare/2011/01/12/why-all-flyovers-have-unwritten-stops-start-and-end-doesnt-defeat-purpose-fhttp://praja.in/en/blog/dvsquare/2011/01/12/why-all-flyovers-have-unwritten-stops-start-and-end-doesnt-defeat-purpose-fhttp://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/Asiad-bus-stand-to-be-shifted-under-flyover/articleshow/5132967.cmshttp://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/Asiad-bus-stand-to-be-shifted-under-flyover/articleshow/5132967.cmshttp://www.youthkiawaaz.com/2008/04/beggary-in-india/8/3/2019 RM Impact of Dead Spaces Under the Flyover
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