- 1. Lecture: 7 Ms Farha Hassan
2.
3.
- Unstructuredand longish interview
- Interaction between individual interviewer and a single
participant.
- Most questions are open ended
- Detailed use of visual audio aids
- Participants are chosen because of their experiences and
attitudes.
- Discussion is rich in personal detail
4.
- Group discussion on a given subject conducted by a trained
moderator
- Purpose is to create a less than formal information
- People can exchange views and bring out their opinions,
attitudes and feelings about a given situation
- Half to one hr till nothing left
5.
- Useful for generating information at the most repressed
level.
- Help the researcher to understand underlying attitudes and
behaviours.
- Indirect method of assessment.
- Countless techniques which can be used with imagination and
flexibility.
6.
- Sensitive to covert or unconscious aspects of behaviour.
- Encourages wide variety of responses.
- Highly multi dimensional.
7.
- Word associations (cooking oil, noodles)
- Personification (Mac Donalds, Shoppers Stop)
- ( I like cross roads because________________)
- ( I am brand X, ___________)
8. 9. x = chi-square statistics O i= observed frequency in thei
thcell E i= expected frequency on thei thcell 10. 11. R i= total
observed frequency in thei throw C j= total observed frequency in
thej thcolumn n= sample size 12. 13.
- Critical probability in choosing between the null hypothesis
and the alternative hypothesis
- If the possiblity of the happening of an event is 95%, the
significance level is 5%
- If the possiblity of the happening of an event is 90%, the
significance level is 10%....
- If nothing is mentioned, assume it to be 5%
14.
- Formula for Degree of Freedom:
15.
- If the calculated value islessthan the tabulated value,accept
null hypothesis.
- If the calculated value ismorethan the tabulated
value,rejectnull hypothesis.
16.
- Step 2 : Apply formula of Chi square and find the Chi square
value.
- Step 3 : Find out Tabulated value.
- Step 4 : Accept or reject the null hypothesis.
17. Test the hypothesis and find the Chi square value. Tabulated
value for 1 DF at 5 % level is 3.841 EXPECTED OBSERVED MALE50 45
FEMALE 50 55 18.
- Ho: Population is evenly distributed
- Ha: Population is unevenly distributed.
- Chi square =(45- 50) 2+ (55-50) 2
=1( Calculated value) Given: Tabulated value is3.814 Since
calculated value islessthan tabulated value,acceptthe null
hypotheses. Thus, we can conclude that the population is evenly
distributed. 19. Test whether income and type of school are
independent. 77.78 INCOME PUBLIC SCHOOLS GOVT SCHOOLS LOW 494 506
HIGH 162 438 20. Observation Observed value Expected value Chi
Square Row 1P 494 Row 1G 506 Row 2P 162 Row 2G 438 21. A chemical
plant processes sea water to collect sodium chloride and magnesium.
From scientific analysis, sea water is know to contain sodium
chloride, magnesium and other elements in the ratio of 62:4:34. A
sample of 200 tons of sea water resulted in 130 tons of sodium
chloride and 6 tons of magnesium. Is this data consistent with the
significance level of 5%? 16.246 SALTS OBSERVED EXPECTED SODIUM 130
124 MAGNESIUM 6 8 OTHERS 64 68 22.
- Awareness of Tire Manufacturers Brand
22.161 MEN WOMEN TOTAL AWARE 50 10 60 UNAWARE 15 25 40 TOTAL 65
35 100 23.
- The sales manager of a showroom feels that the daily demand for
a product follows uniform distribution. The observed frequencies
are given below. Check whether the data is uniformly
distributed.
5.6 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Demand 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39
Observed freq 13 10 7 10 6 9 12 10 14 9 24.
- A group of 150 college students were asked to indicate their
most liked film star from a list of 6 stars A, B, C, D, Eand F.
Observed frequencies was as follows. Test at 5% whether all actors
are equally popular.
4 Actors A B C D E F Total Freq 24 20 32 25 28 21 150 25.
- Regulation is the best way to ensure a safe work place.
Opinion Managers Blue collor W Agree 58 66 Disagree 34 24 No
opinion 8 10 Totals 100 100