RLB UK Riders Digest 2011

Riders DigestUnited Kingdom2011

Riders Digest 2011A compendium of cost data and related information on the Construction Industry.

Compiled by Rider Levett Bucknall (UK) Ltd Cutlers Court 115 Houndsditch London EC3A 7BR Tel: +44 (0) 207 398 8300 Fax: +44 (0) 207 623 0466 Website: www.rlb.comRider Levett Bucknall UK Limited, Registered Number - 465 3580: Registered in England: Registered Office - Millennium Point, Curzon Street, Birmingham B4 7XG

While Rider Levett Bucknall UK (RLB) has endeavoured to ensure the accuracy of the information and materials in this publication (the Materials), it does not warrant its accuracy, adequacy, completeness or reasonableness and expressly disclaims liability for any errors in, or omissions from, the Materials. RLB shall not be liable for any damages, losses, expenses or costs whatsoever arising out of or in connection with the use or reliance on the Materials. The Materials are provided for general information only and should not be construed as costing, legal, tax, or any other professional advice. Professional advice should be sought when utilising any information in this publication to verify its applicability to their specific circumstances. The Materials may not, in any medium, be reproduced, published, adapted, altered or otherwise used in whole or in part in any manner without the prior written consent of RLB. Cost information in this publication is indicative and for general guidance only. All prices and rates are as at 1st Quarter 2011 and expressed in British Pounds unless otherwise stated. References to legislative provisions and regulations are as at 1st January 2011. Changes after this date will not be reflected.

Please note that all figures exclude prevailing Value Added Tax (VAT).

Second Edition 2011 Rider Levett Bucknall

Rider Levett Bucknall UK 2011

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CONTENTSPage UK Construction Trends market Outlook Price Indices and Construction Output UK construction Output by Sector Price Indices for Construction materials UK Construction Cost Data Definitions of Terminology External Works Construction Elements Office Fit Out Office Refurbishment Hotel Fit Out Estimating Data Reinforcement Ratios Average Construction Payment Drawdown method of measuring Building Areas International Construction Building Costs Specific Definitions for International Construction Costs Construction Activity Cycle Construction market Activity for major European Cities UK Construction Information List of UK Professional Bodies List of UK Government Bodies Ecology Species Assessment Calendar Construction Design and management Regulations RIBA Outline Plan of Work Equality Act BREEAm BREEAm in Use EPC - Energy Performance Certificates DEC - Display Energy Certificates Site Waste management Plans Capital Allowances OJEU Process OJEU Process Procedures Buying Solutions Procurement Options Code For Sustainable Homes Sustainable Construction Technologies Life Cycle Costing and Carbon Professional Services Overview of Services International Offices Europe Asia Oceania North America Caribbean middle East Miscellaneous Conversion Factors Calculation Formulae Calendar 106 52 54 55 59 60 62 66 68 74 76 77 78 84 87 102

2 6 7 8

12 14 15 20 22 22

24 25 27

32 40 41 43

112 113 117 120 122 123

46 47 48 49

126 127 128

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ForewordWelcome to the second UK edition of Riders Digest, a compendium of cost data and related information on the UK Construction Industry. The Rider Levett Bucknall Global Practice was launched in June 2007. With over 2,000 staff in more than 80 offices across Asia, Oceania, Europe, middle East and the Americas, Rider Levett Bucknall brings together three companies who are committed to the quality of their core services (cost consultancy, project management and advisory services). We can trace our roots back to the 18th century and we pride ourselves on our dedication to customer care and leading edge service provision. Rider Levett Bucknall remain committed to being an independent, owner managed business that deliver and enable our customers to do more with less for the whole life of built assets, we enable clients to spend less money, but also have a better product with less environmental impact. Our Values:

confidence in our ability to deliver their solution which is a significant differentiator in todays competitive market. Despite challenging times for the Industry, the companys robust financial position ensures that significant funds continue to be allocated to research and development initiatives, the development of proprietary IT tools and the recruitment and retention of quality staff. Our strategic aim is to continue to cement Rider Levett Bucknalls Research & Development division as the industrys advisory experts of choice, and to provide additional value-added services to our clients. Key publications such as the Riders Digest, the International Report and the European Report will continue. In addition, we will be providing increased commentary and analysis to a number of leading Industry publications, and will also be releasing a smart phone app, giving users instant access to key industry information at their fingertips. We have invested in equipping all technical staff in the UK with powerful mobile workstations, enabling integration with design teams utilising Building Information modelling techniques. The Project management Academy offered by Rider Levett Bucknall has been certified by the Internationally recognised Association for Project management, receiving APm Corporate Accreditation, having fulfilled the requirements of APm. Rider Levett Bucknall (UK) has been named as Britains Top Employer for the second consecutive year, we took the number one spot in the mid-sized category in the list of Britains Top Employers which is awarded by the Corporate Research Foundation in conjunction with The Daily Telegraph. The award is presented to companies demonstrating best practice in HR, and scores are based on pay and benefits, training and development, career development, working conditions and company culture. We also ranked in The Sunday Times Best 100 Companies to Work for, and have also recently achieved Investors in People Gold recognition. I hope you again find this publication both informative and useful in your business.

People - to invest in our people and to value their contribution Industry - to be a beacon of best practice and lead and shapein everything we do

Community - to be aware of our social responsibilities and tomake our contribution to the community

Environment - to be conscious of the difference we can make Customers to challenge the norm, seek fresh ideas anddeliver excellence relationships

Suppliers - to act with integrity, honesty and fairness in all our Shareholders to be owned by our people, to be financiallyrobust and to deliver agreed financial plans Our office network within the UK and our membership of the Global Practice allows us to integrate significant resources, skill and expertise to support our customers, but we will only take on commissions that we can deliver with certainty. Our strategic position is to concentrate our effort on the things that we already do well our embedded services and sectors and our centres of excellence whilst expanding our national offering into new markets and services where we can make a real difference to our customers. A clear differentiator for RLB is our approach to sustainability both within our business and in the way we deliver our services. We have ISO14001 accreditation and this year we have also been measured against the GRI reporting framework. Our Responsible management approach will run through the whole company - this aligns with our more with Less philosophy. We believe that our culture of employee ownership and involvement, flexibility, high levels of technical expertise and hands on involvement from senior staff gives our customers

Lance Taylor Chief Executive, Rider Levett Bucknall (UK) Ltd Rider Levett Bucknall UK 2011

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UK Construction Trendsmarket Outlook Price Indices and Construction Output UK Construction Output by Sector Price Indices for Construction materials

UK CONSTRUCTION TRENDS Market Outlook 2011: 2011 looks to be another tough year for the construction industry, with continued low demand, rising inflation, VAT increased to 20% and increasing tender prices. Demand from public sector clients is set to fall dramatically, and despite the governments view of the private sector picking up the shortfall to lead the economy from recession, it is difficult to see where this demand will come from in the UK construction sector. Capital investment is likely to be procured only by Clients with long term efficiency plans, where new capital investment is likely to guarantee increased efficiencies and long term savings, whether in terms of running costs, space rationalisation, or more cost effective methods of working. Consultants will need to understand their clients business drivers in order to deliver solutions beyond provision of the built asset, and deliver long term efficiency through collaboration and better understanding of clients values and long term goals. BCIS all in tender price indices remained virtually static during 2010, after suffering a dramatic 17.5% fall from a peak at the end of 2007 to a low at the beginning of 2010. Opinions as to the length of time this low point in tender pricing will continue for, varies widely among leading professional practices. BCIS forecasts show a little over 3% rise to the all in tender price index during 2011. Analysis of the basic factors behind the tender prices is necessary to understand the potential reaction to current market conditions. The main Inputs affecting tender prices are: Construction Demand: The total volume of construction orders in Great Britain fell in 3rd quarter 2010 by 14% when compared with the same quarter a year earlier. Orders fell in the public housing sector, in the infrastructure sector, the public non housing sector, and in the private industrial sector. There were significant increases in orders in the private housing sector and smaller increases in the private commercial sector 22% of contractors reported that output fell overall in 2010 compared with a year earlier. The coalition Governments determination to reverse the public sector deficit within four years has led to deep and wide ranging cuts in government funding across all sectors. The Government view is that it will be private sector growth which leads the economy out of the recession, and Government forecasts show significant private sector growth over the next four years. However the lending restrictions which the banks continue to operate particularly in the residential sector have meant that commercial development in the UK has remained almost dormant this year, with the only real signs of activity around London. We are operating in a very competitive UK market and we anticipate that this will continue throughout 2011 as the construction related market contracts further, the threat of inflation and a rise in interest rates and VAT to 20%, suggests that 2011 will be another difficult year. The Construction Products Association predicts a 2% decline in total UK construction output this year and further reductions into 2012. Private sector construction in the UK is forecast to increase in 2011 and 2012, but this will not offset the 17% fall in public sector construction forecast over the next two years, resulting in a nett reduction. Tables and graphs on the following pages show how tender prices react to demand, measured as construction industry output, in figures sourced from the Office of National Statistics.

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UK CONSTRUCTION TRENDS Materials Prices: materials prices are forecast to rise by just over 3% over the course of 2011, following a rise of just under 7% during 2010. Preliminary Costs: Preliminaries, expressed as a percentage of the remainder of the contract sum (excluding contingencies) fell to around 12.5% during 2010, after having fallen from over 16% in 2007, these are expected to remain around this level for the coming year, as contractors try to offset increased material costs. Contractor and Sub contractor margin The majority of Contractors reported falling margins during 2010. During 2011, contractors will either reduce margin further to absorb input price increases, or increase tender prices in order to cover increased input costs. We do not anticipate an opportunity for Contractors to remain competitive, increase margin and cover increased costs in a static or reducing market. Market Reaction Tender prices remained subdued, but stable during 2010, with tender prices remaining at their lowest point since 2004 Contractors had previously been able to reduce tender prices, as the reduced demand had coincided with considerable reductions in the price of key materials and Preliminary costs, and these factors, combined with aggressive margin reductions throughout the supply chain had resulted in the reductions in tender prices of over 17% seen over the last three years, however, in 2011, a rise in material costs, combined with relatively stable labour costs will increase pressures on Contractors to increase tender prices. What next? The tables on the following pages show the composition of UK construction demand from 1990 to date. The decline in total demand since mid 2007 coincides with the reduction in tender prices. Demand is forecast to reduce in comparison to 2010 levels by a small amount further over coming year, with slight increases in the following years; however forecasts predict it may take 5 years to return to 2005 levels. Despite the previous trend of falling demand leading tender price reductions, any further reduction in demand are unlikely to result in price reductions over the coming year. This is due to different circumstances surrounding the inputs. Predictions for the coming year range from a rise in tender prices of between 2% and 3% and will depend on the ability of Contractors and their supply chain to absorb increased input costs, while trying to remain competitive in a reduced market.

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Indices and UK Construction Output Comparison61990 BCIS All InTender Price Index 129 72 126 94 87 83 82 82 82 85 87 88 90 90 92 96 102 105 104 106 108 107 134 139 141 144 149 153 158 163 165 170 173 176 181 187 192 198 207 215 214 95 77 80 82 84 86 88 90 91 93 93 95 95 97 98 100 102 105 109 111 114 108 109 121 130 130 138 146 151 161 174 187 197 213 224 230 245 246 217 207 114 223 100 103 106 109 112 Consumer Price Index Retail Price Index (RPI) UK Construction Output ( Thousand Million) 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 211 117 2012 218 120 2013 225 123 2014 232 125

UK CONSTRUCTION TRENDS

Indices and UK Construction Output Comparison

SOURCE: ONS, BCIS

UK Construction Output by Sector45,000 40,000 35,000 30,000 25,000 20,000 15,000 10,000 5,000 0 19901990 1991 1,146 10,919 4,680 5,250 23,806 38,522 8,052 94,028 4,523 20,880 34,303 10,501 86,951 1992 1,951 11,223 5,413 4,344 17,181 31,940 11,409 83,461

Public Housing Private Housing Public Works Private Industrial Private Commercial Repair Infrastructure1991 1992 1993 1994 19951993 2,306 12,463 5,623 4,256 14,403 31,054 11,904 82,009

Output Millions

19961994

1997

19981995 2,460 12,892 5,630 4,498 14,350 32,360 9,400 81,591 2,446 12,228 5,590 5,054 14,762 33,086 9,230 82,396

19991996 2,023 11,947 5,205 5,306 16,321 33,834 10,391 85,027

20001997 1,669 13,365 4,134 5,452 18,294 34,037 9,894 86,846

20011998 1,361 13,531 4,370 5,571 19,842 34,017 9,655 88,347

20021999 1,187 12,252 4,946 5,780 22,374 33,544 9,444 89,527

20032000 1,484 13,632 4,672 5,134 22,475 34,247 8,824 90,469

20042001 1,520 12,742 4,713 5,250 22,338 36,012 9,457 92,032

20052002

2006

20072003 1,696 13,565 5,881 4,021 22,907 37,804 10,315 96,188 1,909 15,743 7,271 4,387 22,273 40,419 9,553 101,555

20082004 2,312 17,888 8,088 4,851 23,580 40,248 8,321 105,289

2009 20102005 2,138 18,450 7,319 5,123 23,683 40,170 7,542 104,425

(forecast)

2006 2,579 18,518 6,852 5,610 26,470 38,832 6,880 105,741

2007 2,929 17,990 6,428 5,563 29,436 38,895 6,990 108,233

2008 2,710 14,563 7,462 4,504 30,014 39,712 8,070 107,033

2009 2,860 10,912 9,928 3,077 22,956 35,805 9,266 94,804

(forecast)

2010

Public Housing1,297 12,522 4,578

4,162 12,100 13,102 3,623 22,802 33,495 11,210 100,494

Private Housing Public Works Private Industrial Private Commercial Repair Infrastructure Total

UK Construction Output by Sector

Rider Levett Bucknall UK 20117SOURCE: ONS

All Agencies Output - Constant Prices Seasonally Adjusted (2005) - million

UK CONSTRUCTION TRENDS

UK Construction Materials Annual Average Price Index

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UK Construction Materials Annual Average Price Index3002002 Hardcore 103 94 100 99 90 80 68 75 187 197 213 75 106 100 224 67 89 100 100 113 230 90 97 100 103 122 118 130 245 89 92 98 104 111 96 95 101 108 107 113 109 128 137 158 246 92 93 100 109 115 128 139 111 117 119 106 126 218 94 99 101 105 110 117 112 103 103 99 96 95 103 112 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

2010 113 108 135 110 119 134 117 145 210

250 200Cement Concrete Bricks Timber Sand

150 100 50Structual Steel Rebar

0 2002BCIS "All In" TPI

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

Hardcore Sand Cement Concrete BCIS "All In" TPISOURCE: ONS, BCIS

Bricks Timber Structual Steel Rebar

UK Construction Materials Monthly Average Price Index250

200

150

100

50

Hardcore Sand Cement Concrete Bricks Timber Structual Steel Rebar

0

Mar-08 Apr-08 May-08 Jun-08 Jul-08 Aug-08 Sep-08 Oct-08 Nov-08 Dec-08 Jan-09 Feb-09 Mar-09 Apr-09 May-09 Jun-09 Jul-09 Aug-09 Sep-09 Oct-09 Nov-09 Dec-09 Jan-10 Feb-10 Mar-10 Apr-10 May-10 Jun-10 Jul-10 Aug-10 Sep-10 Oct-10 Nov-10

Hardcore99 114 128 113 113 130 124

108 118 127 112 114 130 129

108 119 128 110 105 131 131

110 117 127 112 107 130 139

106 118 128 115 110 130 146

106 117 130 115 105 128 152

105 120 131 117 105 127 164

102 119 131 114 106 124 157

104 120 130 116 105 122 141

100 122 131 116 108 122 131

105 117 139 115 117 118 122

105 117 143 115 120 116 120

110 117 142 115 119 118 114

108 116 141 114 118 116 108

108 114 141 114 116 118 105

113 111 139 111 116 118 102

122 108 139 109 116 119 99

122 108 137 109 118 120 99

118 110 136 108 117 120 100

117 109 135 108 117 121 102

109 109 135 106 117 120 101

111 109 135 106 116 120 101

104 109 133 107 115 129 100

109 109 134 106 116 130 100

111 110 136 112 119 128 102

108 110 136 113 119 133 110

113 103 136 112 119 139 117

107 107 136 111 120 131 126

121 107 135 111 120 137 130

121 106 135 110 121 138 130

121 106 135 111 120 140 129 111 120 140 129

Sand Cement Concrete Bricks Timber Structual Steel

UK Construction Materials Monthly Average Price Index

Rider Levett Bucknall UK 20119Rebar136 147 158 175 192

189

199

180

151

146

140

138

130

122

125

124

123

120

128

125

121

121

123

126

133

154

158

153

150

154

152

151

SOURCE: ONS

UK Construction Cost DataDefinitions of Terminology External Works Construction Elements Office Fit Out Office Refurbishment Hotel Fit Out

UK CONSTRUCTION COST DATA Definitions of Terminology Central Business District (CBD) The Central Business District is within the Central Business or Financial Area of major cities. It is the prime area of all the commercial and financial activities in the region. Gross External Area (GEA) GEA is the area of a building including all building enclosed covered spaces measured externally (i.e. to the external face of the perimeter walls) at each floor level, including covered basement and above ground car park areas. The rules of measurement of gross external floor area are defined in the RICS Code of measuring Practice (6th edition). Gross Internal Floor Area (GIFA) (or gross internal area (GIA)) is the area of a building measured to the internal face of the perimeter walls at each floor level. The rules of measurement of gross internal floor area are defined in the RICS Code of measuring Practice (6th edition). Refer to page 28 for more information. Net Internal Area (NIA) NIA is the usable area within a building measured to the internal face of the perimeter walls at each floor level. The rules of measurement of net internal area are defined in the RICS Code of measuring Practice (6th edition). Refer to page 29 for more information.The Information above is a brief summary from the RICS new rules for measurement effective from 1st May 2009. These rules are intended as a brief guide only and the full RICS code of measuring practiced should be consulted if required. Advice regarding nett lettable areas used for calculating revenues should be given by the clients commercial property agent.

Special equipment Chutes, incinerators, compactors, pneumatic refuse disposal system, faade maintenance equipment, engineered smoke control systems etc; IT services high speed cables etc. Office Buildings Office within CBD refers to good quality office buildings located at the Central Business District, for the upper range of the rental market and leading owner occupiers such as headquarter offices for financial institutions and major companies. Office outside CBD refers to medium quality office buildings located outside the Central Business District, which are built for the middle range of the rental market. Hotels Types of hotels listed are based on five-star, fourstar and three-star international hotel ratings. Retail - Shopping Mall Shopping malls with typical amenities and finishes in common spaces. Exclusions: Tenant equipment, shop fittings and finishes in tenancy spaces. Industrial Buildings Quality reflects a simplified type of construction suitable for light or heavy industries. Exclusions: Special and operating equipment, processing plant and proprietary systems. Residential Ratio of kitchen, laundry and bathroom areas to living areas and the quality of finishes required will affect the cost range. Range given is significantly affected by the height and configuration of the building. Exclusions: Show flats, Loose furniture, special light fittings, household electrical appliances, kitchen equipment and building owners special requirements. Car Parks Above Ground minimal external walling excluding mechanical ventilation. Basement diaphragm wall or contiguous bored piles walls with standard mechanical ventilation provisions.

Building Works Building Works include substructure (piling, foundation, and basement), super-structure, architectural works, finishes and fittings, external works, site works, preliminaries, attendance and other builders work in connection with services. Building Services Building Services include mechanical services - airconditioning and mechanical ventilation, fire protection system, sanitary and plumbing; Electrical services electrical installations, vertical transportation, building management systems; preliminaries. Exclusions:

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UK CONSTRUCTION COST DATA External Works The following rates are indicative only and include an allowance for profit and overheads but exclude preliminaries. The rates are not valid for tendering or pricing of variations. Description LANDSCAPING - Light landscaping to areas with minimal planting and site formation but excluding topsoil and turfing - Dense landscaping around buildings including shrubs, plants, topsoil etc - Turfing only to large areas including topsoil, subsoil sowing and treating per Item SUB-STRUCTURE - Reinforced concrete pad footing (Grade 35) 5 15 m2

Construction Elements

Unit

400

-

500

m3

- Reinforced concrete slab on ground (Grade 35) COLUMNS - Reinforced Concrete (600 x 600mm Grade 35) - Reinforced Concrete (900 x 900mm Grade 35) UPPER FLOORS (EXCLUDING BEAMS) - 150mm reinforced concrete suspended floor slab (Grade 35) on holorib permanent formwork - 150mm precast concrete slab or beam and block floor with reinforced insitu concrete screed structural topping

225

-

275

m3

20

-

35

m2

190

-

250

m

10

-

15

m2

350

-

475

m

CAR PARKS - ON GROUND Based on 22m2 overall area per car with tarmacadam paving 1250 - 2000 including road lines, channels, drainage and kerbs ROADS (macadam finish including kerbs, channels and drainage) - Residential estate, 6.80 metres wide excluding foot-paths and nature strips - Industrial estate 10.40 metres wide including minimal to extensive formation

No

50

-

65

m2

50

-

65

m2

850

- 1250

m

1250 - 1750

m

- 200mm reinforced concrete suspended slab with high quality formwork for exposed finish

85

-

120

m2

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UK CONSTRUCTION COST DATA Construction Elements Item STAIRCASES- 1050mm wide reinforced concrete stair with painted steel tube balustrade (average rise 3.70m) including two flights and one half space landing - 1200mm wide reinforced concrete stair with painted steel tube balustrade (average rise 3.70m); including two flights and one half space landing - 2000mm wide grand public stair with glass and metal balustrade (4.00m rise) ; including three flights and two quarter space landings

Unit

Item

Unit

EXTERNAL DOORS (EXCLUDING IRONMONGERY) - Single leaf solid core door - Double leaf glazed door - Double leaf auto operating door 600 1000 3500 800 1200 4500 No. No. No.

3000

-

4000

Rise

4000

-

5000

Rise

INTERIOR WALLS - 250mm reinforced concrete wall (Grade 35) 115 20 25 30 150 25 35 35 m2 m2 m2 m2

7000

-

8000

Rise

- 100mm block wall - 140mm block wall - Plasterboard stud wall

ROOF - RC Slab (Grade 35) graded to fall and builtup roofing membrane - Structural steel, Purlins and insulated metal deck roof EXTERNAL WALLS - Cavity wall construction, 102mm facing brick outer skin 140mm blockwork inner skin - Double glazed window unit (casement type) - Glass curtain wall system, capped stick built system 100 120 m2

INTERNAL DOOR SET (INCLUDING IRONMONGERY) - Single leaf solid core flush door - Single leaf half hour fire door - Single leaf one hour fire door 450 500 600 750 800 950 No. No. No.

40

-

50

m

2

90

-

135

m2

INTERIOR SCREENS - Laminated toilet partition 400 600 each - Fully glazed office partition full (2.8m) height, frameless joints - Single glazed - Double glazed 200 500 300 600 m m

275 250

-

450 450

m2 m2

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UK CONSTRUCTION COST DATA Construction Elements Item WALL FINISHES - Plaster and emulsion paint - Plaster and vinyl fabric wallpaper - Cement render and ceramic tile CEILING FINISHES - metal framed plasterboard ceiling painted - Exposed grid suspended ceiling with mineral fibre board acoustic ceiling - Hygenic suspended ceiling system FLOOR FINISHES - Carpet tile - Ceramic tile - Granite tile - Access floors; standard duty 18 30 65 30 35 60 150 40 m2 m2 m2 m2 25 30 m2 15 20 m2 Unit Item SPECIALIST SERVICES SANITARY AND PLUMBING - Average cost per plumbing point including fixture, soil 400 waste and vent; excl DOC m Pack - Average cost for storm water drains, (site area) 15 Unit

-

500

No.

15 50

-

25 70

m2 m2

-

18

m2

VERTICAL TRANSPORTATION - Glass sided escalator (4m rise) - 13 passenger lift serving 4 floors - Hydraulic lift serving 2 floors 60,000 - 75,000 45,000 - 55,000 18,000 - 20,000 No. No. No.

18

-

25

m2

25

-

35

m

2

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UK CONSTRUCTION COST DATA Office Fit-Out The following costs are an indication of those currently achievable for good quality office accommodation.Definition of Office Fit Out catagories: Life Safety Infrastructure, Sprinkler Pumps, tanks, risers, main fire alarm panels. Finishes to main entrances Finishes to common areas Finishes to Staircases fitted as part of shell and core Finishes to lifts Finishes to Common Toilets 436-645 700-850 15% 35% Sanitary Fit out of Common Toilets Suspended Ceilings Raised Access floors Extension of Basic mechanical and Electrical Services,Lighting, Heating, cooling and ventillation systems including controls, from the riser across the lettable floor space. Finishes to cores Fully fitted out WC's Sprinklers, Fire Alarms and basic safety signage Office Carpets Distrubuted power to each floor but not to each terminal point Installation of Cellular Offices Enhanced finishes Conference / meeting Room Facilities IT and AV Installations Tea Point and Kitchen Fit Out FurnitureShell and Core Cat A Fit Out Cat B Fit Out

P P P P P P P P P

P P P P P P

P P P P P P

Type of Tenancy

Open Planned /m2

Fully Partitioned /m2

Typical Cellular Space

General Cat A office Fit out

375-530

-

0%

Plus; Cat B Fit Out For: Corporate/ Call Centre Solicitors/ Financiers/ HQ -

Computer Areas include access flooring and additional services costs but exclude computer equipment. Costs are calculated using the Cat A fitout cost PLUS the appropriate CAT B AllowanceDefinition of Office Fit Out categories: Building Envelope Emergency staircases Balustrades and Handrails to Emergency stairs Accomodation Stairs Balustrades and Handrails to Accomodation stairs Feature Stairs Balustrades and Handrails to Feature stairs Lifts Base Services, plant and equipment to edge of floor platesShell and Core Cat A Fit Out Cat B Fit Out

P P P P P P P

P P

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21

Office Refurbishment The following refurbishment costs include demolition and removal of partitions and internal finishes, provide new floor, ceiling and wall finishes but exclude fitting out. The lower end of the range indicates reuse and modification. CBD offices typical floor CBD offices core upgrade (excluding lift modernisation) 400 - 800 per m2

Estimating DataReinforcement Ratios Average Construction Payment Drawdown method of measuring Building Areas

125 - 300

m2

Hotel Furniture, fixtures and equipment The definition of furniture, fixtures and equipment varies between different Hotel brands and the star rating of the hotel. Generally the cost to supply and install loose and fixed furniture fixtures and equipment for guest rooms and common areas includes items such as beds, cupboards, desks, kettles, paintings, tvs, curtains, linen, crockery, cutlery, office furniture, hotel brand signage, restaurant and bar furniture, etc. Some operators may separately budget for operating stock and equipment (OSE) from furniture and fittings. Budget mid-market Luxury 4,500 to 6,000 10,000 to 16,000 25,000 to 70,000 per Guest room Guest room Guest room

22

ESTIMATING DATA Reinforcement Ratios The following ratios give an indication of the average weight of high tensile rod reinforcement per cubic metre of concrete (Grade 35) for the listed elements. Differing structural systems, ground conditions, height of buildings, load calculations and sizes of individual elements and grid sizes will result in considerable variation to the stated ratios. For project specific ratios, a civil & structural engineer should be consulted. ElementSubstructure Pile caps Bored Piles (compression) Bored Piles (tension) Raft Foundation RC pad footings Ground beams Basement Retaining Wall RC Wall Ground Bearing Slab Edge Beams Lift Pits Above Ground Columns Beams Slab Walls (core) Lift Core Stairs24

Average Construction Payment Drawdown The tabulation in next page is derived from the statistical average of a series of case histories, which will give an indication of the anticipated rate of expenditure when used for specific project types for preliminary budgetary purposes. Construction periods exclude various extensions, including wet weather, industrial disputes etc. All data is related to the date of submission of contractors application to the client and not actual payment, which is generally one month later. Half retention is assumed to be released at the end of the defects period and is excluded from the figures. Average Construction Payment DrawdownHotel SectorContract Period % 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 Half retention (1.5%) released after end of defects period Contract Expenditure % 0.6 1.5 2.6 6.4 11.2 18.1 24.3 30.3 36.6 43.7 51.4 59.7 68.6 78.0 84.4 89.5 93.6 96.5 98.0 98.5

kg/m3

115 30 150 100 70 200

-

200 60 250 150 150 300

150 75 80 220 100

-

250 150 150 300 200120.0

Hotel Sector

100

150 180 90 75 125 130

-

450 300 200 200 200 160

Contract Expenditure (%)

100.0 80.0 60.0 40.0 20.0 0.0Half retention 5 15 25 35 45 55 65 75 85 95

Contract Period (%)


25

ESTIMATING DATA Average Construction Payment DrawdownIndustrial Sector5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 Half retention (1.5%) released after end of defects period120.0

Method of Measurement of Building Areas The Information provided is a summary from the RICS new rules for measurement effective from 1st may 2009. These rules are intended as a brief guide only and the full RICS code of measuring practiced should be consulted if required. Advice regarding net lettable areas used for calculating revenues should be given by the clients commercial property agent. Gross external area (GEA) is the area of a building measured externally (i.e. to the external face of the perimeter walls) at each floor level. The rules of measurement of gross external floor area are defined in the RICS Code of measuring Practice (6th edition).

Contract Period %

Contract Expenditure % 4.4 9.0 13.9 18.5 23.8 31.1 38.4 45.9 53.8 60.8 66.7 72.5 78.1 83.1 88.3 91.8 94.8 96.9 98.2 98.5 100

Industrial Sector


100.0 80.0 60.0 40.0 20.0 0.0

Contract Period (%)

Office SectorContract Period % 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 Half retention (1.5%) released after end of defects period Contract Expenditure % 3.4 6.5 9.8 14.3 19.2 25.1 31.2 37.4 44.6 52.8 61.1 69.2 76.3 82.3 87.6 91.5 94.8 96.9 97.8 98.5 100


120.0 100.0 80.0 60.0 40.0 20.0 0.0

Office Sector

Contract Period (%)

Half retention

5

15

25

35

45

55

65

75

85

95

Half retention

5

15

25

35

45

55

65

75

85

95

26


27

ESTIMATING DATA Gross internal floor area (GIFA) (or gross internal area (GIA)) is the area of a building measured to the internal face of the perimeter walls at each floor level. The rules of measurement of gross internal floor area are defined in the RICS Code of measuring Practice (6th edition).IncludingAreas occupied by internal walls and partitions projections Columns, piers, chimney breasts, stairwells, lift-wells, other internal projections, vertical ducts, and the like Atria and entrance halls, with clear height above, measured at base level only Internal open-sided balconies, walkways, and the like Structural, raked or stepped floors are to be treated as a level floor measured horizontally Horizontal floors, with permanent access, below structural, raked or stepped floors Corridors of a permanent essential nature (e.g. fire corridors, smoke lobbies) mezzanine floor areas with permanent access Lift rooms, plant rooms, fuel stores, tank rooms which are housed in a covered structure of a permanent nature, whether or not above the main roof level Service accommodation such as toilets, toilet lobbies, bathrooms, showers, changing rooms, cleaners rooms, and the like Projection rooms Voids over stairwells and lift shafts on upper floors Loading bays Areas with a headroom of less than 1.5m Pavement vaults Garages ConservatoriesSource: RICS Source: RICS

Net internal area (NIA) is the usable area within a building measured to the internal face of the perimeter walls at each floor level. The rules of measurement of net internal area are defined in the RICS Code of measuring Practice (6th edition). Refer to Appendix C of these rules.IncludingAtria with clear height above, measured at base level only excluding common areas Entrance halls excluding common areas Notional lift lobbies and notional fire corridors Kitchens Built-in units, cupboards, and the like occupying usable areas Ramps, sloping areas and steps within usable areas Areas occupied by ventilation/heating grilles Areas occupied by skirting and perimeter trunking Areas occupied by non-structural walls subdividing accommodation in sole occupancy Pavement vaults

ExcludingPerimeter wall thicknesses and external projections External open-sided balconies, covered ways and fire escapes Canopies Voids over or under structural, raked or stepped floors Greenhouses, garden stores, fuel stores, and the like in residential property

ExcludingThose parts of entrance halls, atria, landings and balconies used in common Toilets, toilet lobbies, bathrooms, cleaners rooms, and the like Lift rooms, plant rooms, tank rooms (other than those of a trade process nature), fuel stores, and the like Stairwells, lift-wells and permanent lift lobbies Corridors and other circulation areas where used in common with other occupiers Permanent circulation areas, corridors and thresholds/recesses associated with access, but not those parts that are usable areas Areas under the control of service or other external authorities including meter cupboards and statutory service supply point Internal structural walls, walls enclosing excluded areas, columns, piers, chimney breasts, other projections, vertical ducts, walls separating tenancies and the like The space occupied by permanent and continuous air-conditioning, heating or cooling apparatus, and ducting in so far as the space it occupies is rendered substantially unusable The space occupied by permanent, intermittent air-conditioning, heating or cooling apparatus protruding 0.25m or more into the usable area Areas with a headroom of less than 1.5m Areas rendered substantially unusable by virtue of having a dimension between opposite faces of less than 0.25m. Vehicle parking areas (the number and type of spaces noted)

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International ConstructionBuilding Costs Specific Definitions For International Construction Costs Construction Activity Cycle Construction market Activity for major European Cities

INTERNATIONAL CONSTRUCTION Building Costs All costs are stated in local currency per m2 of gross floor area as shown below, at fourth quarter 2010. The costs stated in this section reflect the standards and specifications normal to that countryLocal Currency Yuan Yuan $HKD mOP Yuan Yuan OFFICE BUILDING Premium Range Rate/m2 ASIA Beijing Guangzhou Hong Kong macau Shanghai Shenzhen Seoul Tokyo Singapore Jakarta Ho Chi minh City manila Kuala Lumpur Bangkok EMEA Birmingham Dubai London manchester Bristol Abu Dhabi32

or region. Variations in costs may be experienced for factors such as site conditions, climatic conditions, standards of specification, regulatory requirements, market conditions, etc.RETAIL Shopping Centre Strip Shopping Range Rate/m2 7200 7050 5 Star HOTELS 3 Star

Location/City

Grade A Range Rate/m2

Range Rate/m2 Range Rate/m2 Range Rate/m2

6500 - 9600 6000 - 9200 6350 - 9400 5800 - 8800 14400 - 20500 13000 - 17500 11800 - 16200 10500 - 14600 6500 - 9500 6000 - 9100 6100 - 9200 5700 - 8700

- 11000 - 10300

5600 - 7200 11100 - 14300 8100 - 10400 5200 - 6700 10800 - 13800 8000 - 9900

15400 - 19500 11700 - 14500 23200 - 28300 18700 - 21600 12900 - 15900 7200 6700 1110 93 1950 6000 - 11000 - 9900 - 1350 204 19100 - 23100 15200 - 18000

5600 - 7200 11000 - 14400 8100 - 10400 5100 - 6600 10600 - 13500 7800 - 9700 780 93 - 940 - 188 2620 - 3200 378 - 501 1490 - 1840 281 455

KRW (000) 1950 - 2360 1460 - 1790 Yen (000) $SGD IDR (000) 249 - 329 219 249

1850 - 3850 1750 - 2850 9000 - 11400 6500 - 9000

- 3050 - 7800

3000 - 4250

2350 - 2750

12000 - 15200 9300 - 11500

VND (000) 18150 - 22700 16500 - 19700 Php (000) Ringgit Bht (000) GBP AED GBP GBP GBP AED 38 50 30 38

14600 - 19700 13000 - 16500 23600 - 28900 18100 - 23400 26 1600 25 2500 4500 2980 2495 2750 4700 36 21 28 57 72 46 54

2000 - 3500 1700 - 2700 30 38 28 30

- 3000 30

1100 - 1700 20 650 25

3800 - 5000 55 68

2000 - 2800 38 42

1750 - 2300 1385 - 1850 6500 - 7800 5500 - 6700 2160 - 2800 1675 - 2165 1825 - 2320 1380 - 1825 1850 - 2300 1350 - 1850 6700 - 8000 5700 - 6900

- 3850 - 6000 - 4640 - 3875 - 3250 - 6200

- 850

1750 - 2350

1250 - 1750

3000 - 4000 775 665 750 - 1035 - 840 - 950

8500 - 10000 5500 - 6800 2165 - 2800 1825 - 2320 1900 - 2700 1490 - 2080 1245 - 1735 1350 - 2000

3000 - 4000

8750 - 10250 5700 - 7000 Rider Levett Bucknall UK 201133

INTERNATIONAL CONSTRUCTION Building Costs OFFICE BUILDING Premium Range Rate/m2 OCEANIA Adelaide Auckland Brisbane Canberra Christchurch Darwin melbourne Perth Sydney Wellington USA Boston Denver Honolulu Las Vegas Los Angeles Phoenix Portland San Francisco Seattle Washington DC NY Region34

Location/City

Local Currency $AUD $NZ $AUD $AUD $NZ $AUD $AUD $AUD $AUD $NZ $USD $USD $USD $USD $USD $USD $USD $USD $USD $USD $USD

RETAIL Shopping Centre Strip Shopping Range Rate/m2 5 Star

HOTELS 3 Star

Grade A Range Rate/m2

Range Rate/m2 Range Rate/m2 Range Rate/m2

2500 - 3750 2200 - 3100 2750 - 3100 2500 - 3040 2500 - 3850 2000 - 3000 2950 - 3830 2390 - 3010 2795 - 3100 2565 - 3010 2695 - 3910 2180 - 3505 2950 - 3700 2300 - 2850 3180 - 4780 2605 - 3745 2850 - 3950 2150 - 2950 2700 - 3000 2100 - 2400

1550 - 2950 1020 - 1750 2150 - 2950 1970 - 2800 940 - 1400

1300 - 1750 790 - 1265 1050 - 1550 1030 - 1730 665 - 1285 915 - 1705 1050 - 1550 1030 - 1780 1240 - 1550 800 - 1200

3400 - 4300 3400 - 4170 3200 - 4300 3630 - 4250 3490 - 4230 2975 - 4085 3700 - 4200 3730 - 4580 3650 - 4550 3400 - 4100

2600 - 3300 2090 - 2480 2500 - 3600 2640 - 3680 2200 - 2675 1785 - 2760 2850 - 3350 2740 - 3785 2550 - 3050 2200 - 2600

1410 - 2200 2000 - 2950 2010 - 2885 1550 - 3200 1000 - 1500

2155 - 3015 1885 - 2635 1505 - 2420 1075 - 1615 2155 - 4035 1775 - 3015 1720 - 3070 1240 - 1990 1940 - 3015 1290 - 2100 1290 - 2370 970 - 1940

1075 - 1940 860 - 1400

970 - 1560 700 - 1345 1240 - 3285 700 - 1560 970 - 1505 805 - 1455 1240 - 1670 1185 - 1775 775 - 1290 805 - 1455 1240 - 1720

2260 - 3765 1990 - 3015 3985 - 5815 2475 - 4950 2690 - 3985 2155 - 3765 1885 - 2850 2745 - 4035 1990 - 2800 2045 - 3070 3445 - 4790

1615 - 2370 1130 - 1775 2420 - 4145 1505 - 2420 1830 - 2635 1290 - 1940 1290 - 1830 2045 - 2800 1505 - 1940 1400 - 1990 1990 - 285035

1505 - 3605 1240 - 2205 1185 - 2100 970 - 1720

1775 - 2100 1240 - 1615 2100 - 3230 1505 - 2370 1240 - 1885 1185 - 1505 1885 - 2585 1400 - 1990 2205 - 3120 1775 - 2475

1290 - 2100 1240 - 2370 805 - 1505 -


INTERNATIONAL CONSTRUCTION Building Costs CARPARKING Multi-Storey Range Rate/m Yuan Yuan $HKD mOP Yuan Yuan KRW (000) Yen (000) $SGD IDR (000) 2

Location/City

Local Currency

INDUSTRIAL Factory2

RESIDENTIAL MULTI- STOREY Investment2

Basement Range Rate/m

Warehouse2

Owner Occupied2

Range Rate/m

Range Rate/m

Range Rate/m

Range Rate/m2

ASIA Beijing Guangzhou Hong Kong macau Shanghai Shenzhen Seoul Tokyo Singapore Jakarta Ho Chi minh City manila Kuala Lumpur Bangkok EMEA Birmingham Dubai London manchesterBristol Abu Dhabi

1950 - 2600 3050 - 5500 1800 - 2550 3150 - 5550 5900 - 6900 9600 - 13700 5700 - 7700

2200 - 3100 2450 - 3600 3050 - 3600 3550 - 5050 1900 - 2850 2400 - 3650 2950 - 3350 3350 - 4850 6600 - 7500 7100 - 8700 10400 - 12700 12600 - 16300 7200 - 9300 8400 - 13200

2000 - 2650 3500 - 5800 1850 - 2450 3050 - 5400 540 - 680 94 - 125 710 - 890 249 - 314

2100 - 2950 2500 - 3750 3200 - 3700 3700 - 5100 2050 - 2750 2350 - 3550 2850 - 3250 3250 - 4600 780 - 940 94 - 180 1000 - 1450 690 - 850 94 - 161 940 200 - 1140 1240 - 1520 - 242 224 - 276

600 - 1200 1300 - 1950 2700 - 3810 3500 - 5100

900 - 1450 1850 - 2400 2250 - 3850

4200 - 5300 3700 - 4800 5500 - 7000 7000 - 9000 6900 - 8700 6900 - 8700 12000 - 14500 12500 - 18000 18 - 26 950 - 1500 14 - 19 18 24 36 46 29 50

VND (000) 6900 - 10300 13900 - 19000 Php (000) Ringgit Bht (000) GBP AED GBP GBPGBP AED

14

- 20

15 -

23

700 - 1000 1100 - 1600 10 - 13 15 18

950 - 1400 1200 - 2200 1500 - 2950 13 18 28 950 38 30 36

315 - 450

670 - 800

320 - 500 2700 - 4000 355 - 550 315 - 445340 2700 - 500 - 4000

320 - 500 360 - 500 315 - 445350 500

- 1400 1350 - 1850

2200 - 2700 2700 - 3200 360 - 450 315 - 400350 - 450 -

4300 - 5400 5400 - 7600 1225 - 1690 1675 - 2165 845 - 1380 1380 - 18251500 - 1850 5600 - 7800

810 - 1000 665 - 780700 900

1100 - 1500 4500 - 5600

36


37

INTERNATIONAL CONSTRUCTION Building Costs CARPARKING Multi-Storey Range Rate/m $AUD $NZ $AUD $AUD $NZ $AUD $AUD $AUD $AUD $NZ $USD $USD $USD $USD $USD $USD $USD $USD $USD $USD $USD 2

Location/City

Local Currency

INDUSTRIAL Factory2

RESIDENTIAL MULTI- STOREY Investment2

Basement Range Rate/m

Warehouse2

Owner Occupied2

Range Rate/m

Range Rate/m

Range Rate/m

Range Rate/m2

OCEANIA Adelaide Auckland Brisbane Canberra Christchurch Darwin melbourne Perth Sydney Wellington USA Boston Denver Honolulu Las Vegas Los Angeles Phoenix Portland San Francisco Seattle Washington DC NY Region

625 - 1050 1100 - 1400 640 - 965 1015 - 1410 600 - 800 1100 - 1700 670 - 930 655 - 970 900 - 1250 685 - 1395

600 - 1100 440 - 825 600 - 1000 620 - 970 500 - 755 680 - 1200 550 - 1100 635 - 1030 600 - 850 600 - 900

600 - 1100 2150 - 2850 2350 - 3050 490 - 775 2440 - 2900 2440 - 3560

600 - 1000 2200 - 2600 2300 - 2650 620 - 970 390 - 650 2490 - 3010 2700 - 3210 2500 - 3915 2565 - 3105

535 - 1050 685 - 1395 650 - 1050 1100 - 1350 685 - 1125 990 - 1455 550 - 900 900 - 1400

680 - 1200 1730 - 2115 1985 - 2300 550 - 1100 2200 - 2850 2500 - 3200 635 - 1030 2285 - 2885 2730 - 3280 600 - 850 620 - 900 2300 - 2580 2450 - 2950 2500 - 3000 2500 - 3000

600 - 1000 1100 - 1300

645 - 860 430 - 755

805 - 1075 645 - 970

915 - 1240 590 - 1025

755 - 1075 1455 - 2155 1775 - 2690 645 - 970 700 - 1720 645 - 1990

645 - 1025 970 - 1940 540 - 915 645 - 1615

1185 - 1830 1025 - 1670 1420 - 3390 2100 - 5920 700 - 1025 915 - 1290 755 - 1075 1130 - 1505 1025 - 1455 755 - 1025 540 - 970 755 - 2155 970 - 2585

645 - 1025 915 - 1345 485 - 645 700 - 860

755 - 1025 1455 - 2315 1290 - 2800 590 - 915 1505 - 2260 1670 - 2745

755 - 1025 915 - 1345 755 - 1075 970 - 1455 755 - 915 1240 - 1505 590 - 860 700 - 1075

860 - 1185 1185 - 2045 1345 - 2100 860 - 1130 1505 - 2475 1505 - 3015 590 - 860 755 - 915 1290 - 2530 1075 - 2850 860 - 1775 1290 - 2155 -

700 - 1130 860 - 1240

1025 - 1560 1505 - 2260

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INTERNATIONAL CONSTRUCTION Specific Definitions For International Construction Costs OFFICE BUILDING PREMIUM OFFICES refer to landmark high-quality office buildings located in a major CBD office market, which are trend-setters in establishing rents and accommodating leading owner occupiers including headquarter buildings for banks, insurance, multi-national corporations and other major companies. GRADE A OFFICES refer to high quality buildings which are built for the middle range of the rental market. HOTELS Range of costs excludes FF&E as defined on page 22. INDUSTRIAL Quality reflects a simplified type of construction suitable for light industry. RESIDENTIAL OWNER OCCUPIED multi-Storey units reflect medium to luxury quality, air conditioned, and accommodation up to 20 storeys in height. INVESTMENT reflect low-medium quality with basic fit-out provisions. Construction Activity Cycle The cycle model illustrates the different growth and decline zones in a theoretical construction industry business cycle. The tabulation in the following page provides an overview of the relative growth / decline of each development sector in various cities. Each city has its own industry business cycle in the context of its own economy, and as such the performance of each development sector is not strictly comparable between cities. Information as at first quarter 2011.

Note: The ratio of kitchen, laundry and bathroom areas to living areas and finishes required will affect the cost range. Range given is significantly affected by the height and configuration of the building. Exclusions: Loose furniture, carpet, special light fittings, washing machines, dryers, refrigerators and tenants special requirements.

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41

Construction Activity Cycle

INTERNATIONAL CONSTRUCTION

42

PEAK GROWTH ZONE ZONE

PEAK ZONE

PEAK DECLINE

MID GROWTH ZONE

MID ZONE

MID DECLINE ZONE

TROUGH GROWTH ZONE

TROUGH ZONE

TROUGH DECLINE ZONE

UK Birmingham p q p p p q q p q q Bristol London manchester Sheffield EUROPE Berlin p q q q q q p q p p Brussels Bucharest Dublin madrid milan Paris Prague Stockholm p q q q q q q q p p q q q p q q q q q p p q p q q

Houses

Apartments

Offices

Industrialp q q q p

Retailp p p p p

Hotelq q q p p

Civilq q q p p

q p q q q q q q p p

q q q q p p p q p q

q q q q p p q q p q

p p q p q p p p p p

Construction Market Activity for Major European Cities

Rider Levett Bucknall UK 201143Vienna

UK Construction InformationList of UK Professional Bodies List of UK Government Bodies Ecology Species Assessment Calendar Construction Design and management Regulations RIBA Outline Plan of Work Equality Act BREEAm BREEAm in Use EPC - Energy Performance Certificates DEC - Display Energy Certificates Site Waste management Plans Capital Allowances OJEU Process OJEU Process Procedures Buying Solutions Procurement Options Code For Sustainable Homes Sustainable Construction Technologies Life Cycle Costing and Carbon

UK CONSTRUCTION INFORMATION List of UK Professional Bodies:Organisation Website Address

List of UK Government Bodies:OrganisationConstructing Excellence Construction Industry Council (CIC) Construction Industry Scheme Department for Transport Health and Safety Executive HM Treasury Homes and Communities Agency Ministry of Defence Office of Government Commerce (OGC) Partnership Sourcing Strategic Forum for Construction (SFfC) Sustainable Development Guidelines (DEFRA) The Department for Transport The Department for Business Enterprise and Regulatory Reform (BERR) The Government Information Service UK Environment Agency UK Government Planning UK Law Society UK National Statistics UK Planning UK Statute Law UK Trade and Investment

Website Addresswww.constructingexcellence.org.uk www.cic.org.uk www.hmrc.gov.uk/cis/ www.dft.gov.uk www.hse.gov.uk www.hm-treasury.gov.uk www.homesandcommunities. co.uk www.mod.uk www.ogc.gov.uk www.pslcbi.com www.strategicforum.org.uk www.defra.gov.uk/sustainable/ govern www.dft.gov.uk www.berr.gov.uk www.direct.gov.uk

Association of Independent Construction Adjudicators (AICA) www.aica-adjudication.co.uk Construction Awards Alliance Constructing Excellence Construction Skills The Association for Project Management (APM) The Association for Project Safety (APS) The Chartered Institute of Building (CIOB) The Confederation of British Industry (CBI) The Construction Industry Council The House Builders Federation The Housing Forum Institution of Civil Engineers The Institution of Engineering and Technology Institution of Mechanical Engineers The Institution of Structural Engineers The National Federation of Builders The Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA) The Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors (RICS) UK Contractors Group (UKCG) Bank of England English Heritage Communities and Local Government www.caalliance.co.uk www.constructingexcellence.org.uk www.cskills.org www.apm.org.uk www.aps.org.uk www.ciob.org.uk www.cbi.org.uk www.cic.org.uk www.hbf.co.uk www.thehousingforum.org.uk www.ice.org.uk http://www.theiet.org/ www.imeche.org/ www.istructe.org www.builders.org.uk www.architecture.com www.rics.org www.ukcg.org.uk www.bankofengland.co.uk www.english-heritage.org.uk www.communities.gov.uk/ corporate/

www.environment-agency.gov.uk www.planningportal.gov.uk www.lawsociety.org.uk www.statistics.gov.uk www.ukplanning.com www.statutelaw.gov.uk www.uktradeinvest.gov.uk

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UK CONSTRUCTION INFORMATION Ecology Species Assessment CalendarIs a Survey Licence needed?*

Construction Design and Management Regulations 2007 Who is a Client? Under these Regulations, a Client is any one individual or organisation for whom a construction project is carried out, when the project is associated with a business or other undertaking (whether for profit or not). e.g. local authority, school governors, insurance company (except where home owner - arranges work and is reimbursed), project originator on PFI, homeowner if extending a domestic dwelling for business use, leaseholder/residents management company, charity, landlord - irrespective if for domestic dwellings, housing association, NHBC when arranging warranty repairs.Sub-Optimal Survey Time

Yes

Yes

YesRivers streams & standing water

No

No

No

No

No

No

No

No

No

Ponds and surrounding land

Aquatic & terrestrial semi nat. habitats & brownfields sites

Heath, grassland,light scrub & brownfield sites

Wetland & coastal farmland

Hedges,water bodies, woodlands & buildings

Lowland open fields & some uplands

All habitats including built structures

Woodland,scrub and hedgerows

ECOLOGICAL SPECIES ASSESSMENT CALENDAR

Oct

Nov

Dec

All habitats

Rivers streams & standing water

Woodland,scrub and grassland

All habitats

Habitat

No

Someone will always be the Client. Tests to help determine who is Client who ultimately decides what is to be constructed and where, when and by whom who commissions the design and construction work (the employer under the contract) who initiates the work who is at the head of the procurement chain who engages the contractors many Clients know little about construction health and safety, so Clients are not required or expected to plan or manage projects themselves, nor do they have to develop substantial expertise in construction health and safety, unless this is central to their business. Clients must ensure that various things are done, but are not normally expected to do them themselves.

Aug

Sep

* Further licences will be required if the species or habitats are likely to be adversely impacted

June

July

Jan

Feb

Mar

Terrestrial Invertebrates

Phase 1 Habitat Survey

Bat Roosts/hibernation/ emergence & activity

White Clawed Crayfish

Breeding Door mice

Vegetation Survey

Wintering Birds

Breeding Birds

Greater crested Newts (Adults In Ponds)

Badgers

* Further licences will be required if the species or habitats are likely to be adversely impacted Optimal Survey Time48

Sub-Optimal Survey Time Rider Levett Bucknall UK 201149

Water Voles

Hares

Reptiles

Species

Optimal Survey Time

Apr

May

UK CONSTRUCTION INFORMATIONClient DutiesExcludes Domestic Clients carrying out construction work to a residential property for their own or family residential use (but not where the work/ extension would be for a trade/ business use, irrespective of whether or not for profit)

All Construction Projects

Non notifiable Low RiskVital that those doing the works understand the risks involved and how to manage them. Architect, Lead designer or contractor carrying out bulk of design work should normally co-ordinate the health and safety aspects of the design work Builder or main contractor should normally co-ordinate construction work. No need for a written plan, may be sufficient to provide a brief summary which clearly sets out who does what, in what order. Depends on nature of work, parties involved etc.

Non notifiable High RiskVital that those doing the works understand the risks involved and how to manage them. Architect, Lead designer or contractor carrying out bulk of design work should normally co-ordinate the health and safety aspects of the design work Builder or main contractor should normally co-ordinate construction work.

Additional duties for Notifiable projects (works will take more than 30 days or involve more than 500 person days)Appoint a CDM co-ordinator* to advise and assist with their duties and co-ordinate the arrangements for health and safety during the planning phase. Appoint a Principal Contractor* to plan and manage the construction work preferably early enough for them to work with the designer on issues relating to buildability, usability and maintainability. Make sure that the construction phase does not start unless there are : Suitable management and welfare facility arrangements from start A suitable principal contractors Construction Phase Plan Provide information relating to the health and safety file to the CDM co-ordinator. Ensure the health and safety file is prepared, reviewed or updated ready for handover. Keep health and safety file available for any future construction work or to pass to a new owner (* There must be a CDM co-ordinator and principal contractor in appointment until the end of the construction works) Appointing the right people as duty holders and making early appointments is particularly important for Clients with little construction or health and safety expertise, as they will need to rely on the advice given by the CDM co-ordinator on matters relating to the competence of those they intend to appoint and the adequacy of the management arrangements made by appointees.

Check own competence and resources and check competence and resources of all appointees; Lead designer, designers and contractors and ensure all appointed early enough for their respective roles. Clarify team roles. Allow sufficient time and resources for all stages. Ensure the designers and contractors are issued with the pre-construction information as early as possible; project specific health and safety information needed to identify hazards and risks associated with the design and construction work. Update and issue as appropriate, in respect of any further information and/or ongoing design or additional designers or contractors. Take account of the general principles of prevention - Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999 Co-operate with others concerned to enable those duty holders to comply with their duties. Co-ordinate with others involved in order to ensure the safety of those carrying out the construction work and others who may be affected. Ensure, so far as reasonably practicable, that there are suitable management arrangements for the project including welfare facilities for the duration of the project so the works can be carried out safely and without risk to health. The measures should focus on the needs of the particular job and be proportionate to the risks arising from the work. Where the works to be carried out will be a fixed workplace, ensure the works will comply with the Workplace (Health, Safety and Welfare) Regulations 1992 in respect of their design and materials used.

Demolition work requires a written plan showing how danger will be prevented. Higher risk work requires documentation closer to a construction phase plan. Examples of higher risk work: Structural alterations Deep excavation or excavation in unstable or contaminated ground Unusual working methods Lonising radiation or other significant health hazards Nearby high voltage powerlines A risk of falling into water with potential to be fast flowing Diving Explosives Heavy or complex lifting operations Builder or main contractor should normally co-ordinate construction work.

What Clients should do their best to avoid: Inadvertently taking on additional responsibilities by specifying materials or methods of working will mean the Client will become a designer in relation to those specific matters and/or managing or carrying out construction work as they will become a contractor

Failing to appoint a CDM co-ordinator and Principal Contractor for the duration of the construction works as they will become legally liable for the work under those roles as well as for not making the appointments

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UK CONSTRUCTION INFORMATION RIBA Outline Plan of Work RIBA Work stages are the stages into which the process of designing building projects and administering building contracts are usually divided. The RIBA Outline Plan of Work summarises the deliverables required under each RIBA work stage, setting out a logical structure for building projects starting with the brief and ending with post occupancy evaluation. The Procedures identify the responsibilities of the design team at each stage of design and contract administration.F Production InformationF1 Preparation of production information in sufficient detail to enable a tender or tenders to be obtained.

Pre-Construction

Application for statutory approvals. F2 Preparation of further information for construction required under the building contract. Preparation and/or collation of tender documentation in sufficient detail to enable a tender or tenders to be obtained for the project. Identification and evaluation of potential contractors and/or specialists for the project. Letting the building contract, appointing the contractor. Issuing of information to the contractor. Arranging site hand over to the contractor. Administration of the building contract to Practical Completion.

G Tender Documentation

H Tender Action

RIBA Work Stages Description of key tasksIdentification of clients needs and objectives, business case and possible constraints on development. Preparation of feasibility studies and assessment of options to enable the client to decide whether to proceed. Development of initial statement of requirements into the Design Brief by or on behalf of the client confirming key requirements and constraints. Identification of procurement method, procedures, organisational structure and range of consultants and others to be engaged for the project. Implementation of Design Brief and preparation of additional data.

Preparation

A Appraisal

Construction

J Mobilisation

K Construction To Practical completion

Provision to the contractor of further Information as and when reasonably required. Review of information provided by contractors and specialists. L1 Administration of the building contract after Practical Completion and making final inspections. L2 Assisting building user during initial occupation period. L3 Review of project performance in use.

B Design Brief

C Concept

Preparation of Concept Design including outline proposals for structural and building services systems, outline specifications and preliminary cost plan. Review of procurement route.

L Post Practical Completion

The activities in italics may be moved to suit project requirements, ie: D E F1 F2 Application for detailed planning approval; Statutory standards and construction safety; Application for statutory approvals; and Further information for construction.

Design

D Design Development

Development of concept design to include structural and building services systems, updated outline specifications and cost plan. Completion of Project Brief. Application for detailed planning permission. Preparation of technical design(s) and specifications, sufficient to co-ordinate components and elements of the project and information for statutory standards and construction safety.

G+H Invitation and appraisal of tendersSource: RIBA

E Technical Design

continued on page 53

Use

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UK CONSTRUCTION INFORMATION Equality Act 2010From the 1st October 2010, the Equality Act replaced most of the Disability Discrimination Act (DDA). However, the Disability Equality Duty in the DDA continues to apply. The Equality Act 2010 aims to protect disabled people and prevent disability discrimination. It provides legal rights for disabled people in the areas of: employment education access to goods, services and facilities including larger private clubs and land based transport services buying and renting land or property functions of public bodies, for example the issuing of licences The Equality Act also provides rights for people not to be directly discriminated against or harassed because they have an association with a disabled person. This can apply to a carer or parent of a disabled person. In addition, people must not be directly discriminated against or harassed because they are wrongly perceived to be disabled. Approximately 80% of the population will experience disability during their lifetime. most disabilities are invisible and therefore there is a risk of discrimination in every situation. Rider Levett Bucknall can assist in the mitigation of the risk of litigation. Rider Levett Bucknall Consultancy services go far beyond undertaking access audits, although access audits of existing premises can be a part of our work, they constitute a very small part of the services that we offer. Rider Levett Bucknall offers a range of Access Consultancy services that will give best value to your project, by achieving buildings and services that are available to all. This is developed by an amalgamation of inclusive environments, innovative approaches, use of assistive technologies, management procedures and equipment. This can reduce the construction costs of providing access and limit liability, in addition to getting it right first time. Advice can also include solutions that offer the best tax reductions, opportunities for positive press or liaison with disability groups and individuals to achieve essential consultation. membership of the National Register of Access Consultants (NRAC) enables Rider Levett Bucknall to provide recognised professional assistance in each of the following requirements: Develop Disability Equality Plans Access Statements for Planning applications Access Statement for Building Regulation submissions Access Audit of design proposals Access Audit of existing premises Accessibility of premises in rent reviews, property procurement and disposal.54

Strategic consultancy services for large scale developments Facilitating consultation with people with disabilities Disability Impact Assessments and Access Plans Expert advice & Expert Witness Development of accessible practices, procedures and policiesBREEAM

What is BREEAM?

BREEAm (BRE Environmental Assessment method) was created in 1990 and sets the standard for best practice in sustainable design and has become the most widely used assessment method to describe a buildings environmental performance.

How Does BREEAM Work?

The assessment process covers various building types which essentially look at the same broad range of environmental impacts: Management Health and Wellbeing Energy Transport Water Material and Waste Landuse and Ecology Pollution Credits are awarded in each of the above areas according to performance. A set of environmental weightings then enables the credits to be added together to produce a single overall score. The building is then rated on a scale of: PASS, GOOD, VERY GOOD, EXCELLENT or OUTSTANDING A certificate is then awarded to the development. BRE is the certification and quality assurance body for BREEAm ratings. BRE trains and licenses organisations and individuals to carry out the assessment process and work with the design team. Any building professional can become trained and licensed to deliver BREEAm ratings and the process works as shown below.INDEPENDENT LICENSED ASSESSORS

BUILDING DEVELOPER, BUILDER OWNER OR OCCUPIER

A

B

C

PRE-BREEAM ADVICE CONSENSUS STANDARD QUALITY CONTROL FORMAL ASSESSMENT

ISSUE CERTIFICATE


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UK CONSTRUCTION INFORMATION How is BREEAM Used?Clients, planners, funders and developers can use BREEAm to specify the sustainability performance of their buildings in a way that is easily visible in the market place, quick and comprehensive. It can also create reduced life cycle costs which increases the buildings desirability for potential users. Property agents can use it to promote the environmental credentials and benefits of a building to potential buyers and tenants. Design teams use it as a way to improve the performance of their buildings as well as improve their own experience and knowledge of the environmental aspects of sustainability. It also allows them to achieve reduced capital costs for the client as although more money can be spent on the design process, environmentally constructed buildings save money by reducing mechanical plant and the use of resource intensive materials. Managers use it as a way to reduce running costs, develop action plans and also to monitor, report and improve building performance at both the individual and portfolio level. All refurbishment projects with a value over 500,000 (primary schools) and 2million (secondary schools) and affecting more than 10% of the floor area of the school Designers should, as far as practicable, attempt to apply the same standards to all projects including smaller projects.

Welsh Assembly GovernmentAs a main condition of funding, the Welsh Assembly Government requires a BREEAm Excellent rating or a minimum of Code for Sustainable Homes (CSH) Level 3 together (incl. 10% recycled content), with the aim of zero carbon for all new buildings in Wales by 2011. The standard is not required for refurbishment, alterations and extensions, although these schemes still have to be designed to energy efficient standards. The planning system in Wales also now requires as mandatory a minimum of CSH Level 3 and a reduction of 31% in carbon emissions above 2006 Building Regulations for residential buildings, and BREEAm Very Good for buildings above 1000m2.

Who Requires BREEAM Assessments?The BREEAm building assessments are required by various regulatory and government organisations.

Department of HealthAs of 1st of July 2008, all health authorities in the UK require that new healthcare buildings seeking Outline of Business Case (OBC) approval must commit to achieving a BREEAm EXCELLENT rating and that all refurbishments commit to achieving a VERY GOOD rating.

Homes and Communities AgencyThe Homes and Communities Agency was formed on 1st December 2008 bringing English Partnerships and the Housing Corporation together. In 2007, the Housing Corporation prescribed a minimum standard of Level 3 Code for Sustainable Homes in their Design and Quality Standards. English Partnerships also set Code for Sustainable Homes level 3 as the minimum standard for new build housing and a BREEAm Very Good rating for non domestic buildings in their quality standards.

What are the Benefits of BREEAM?A BREEAm assessed development can mean: Functionality, flexibility, maintainability and durability Lower embodied and operational environmental impacts High user satisfaction, quality and control BREEAm buildings bring environmental, economic and social benefits including: Supporting a corporate environmental strategy Creating better work places, homes and leisure facilities Increasing the marketability of a development both in terms of desirability and rentals Demonstrating good and best practice

Office of Government Commerce (OGC)

As of march 2003, OGC requires a BREEAm rating of EXCELLENT for all new buildings.

DCSF (Department for Children, Schools and Families)In order to achieve capital funding a it is a condition that new build and refurbishment projects must achieve a VERY GOOD rating under BREEAm Schools. The requirement covers: All major new-build projects with a value greater than 500,000 (primary schools) and 2million (secondary schools)

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UK CONSTRUCTION INFORMATION Benefits for Design TeamEnhanced knowledge Increased skills base Reduced research and design time Improved client understanding; enhanced chances of a successful outcome Increased market appeal Improved corporate image Improving the predictability of costs/ delivery both on the design process and the specification of products Client satisfaction As a result of improved understanding, additional market appeal and more efficient project management Reduced capital costs Although more money may be spent on the design process many environmentally constructed buildings save money by reducing mechanical plant and the use of expensive (resource intensive) materials.

BREEAM In UseThe biggest opportunity to address the UKs environmental impact lies in better management and improvement of the EXISTING BUILDING STOCK. BREEAM In-Use is a scheme launched by the BRE in late summer 2009 to help building managers reduce the running costs and improve the environmental performance of existing buildings. It consists of a standard BREEAm assessment methodology and a 3rd party (Auditor) certification process that provides a clear and credible route map to improving sustainability. BREEAm In-Use has been developed to recognise and encourage better building management and targeted investment in existing building stock. The BREEAm-In Use scheme enables your building managers (or our Surveyors acting on your behalf) to self-assess the performance of your portfolio using the online BREEAm In-Use tool. Licensed RLB BREEAm In-Use Auditors can then verify the building managers self assessment and then provide you with a valid certificate.BREEAM In-Use assessment differs from the established BREEAM schemes in that BREEAM assessors undertake an assessment of new buildings and submit the data to BRE Global to review and issue a certificate. Whereas for BREEAM In-Use the Auditor verifies the data obtained by the building manager and issue the certificate themselves.

Benefits for Investors and DevelopersEnhanced marketability Recognised brand associated with quality buildings and organisations with active corporate social responsibility agendas Represents a low risk investment choice Increased flexibility Reduced letting voids Increased investment security Good return on investment Desirable buildings give a high rate of return and a low void rate.

In that way the assessment tool will enable building managers to see the impact of their building and existing systems and initiatives, as well as the potential impact of any proposed changes. BREEAm In-Use Auditors may not provide formal consultation to Assessors, but may coach the Assessor as to improvements that could result in a higher BREEAm In-Use score. Should you have a significant property portfolio you will benefit from being able to demonstrate your BREEAm In Use rating to your occupiers, customers and the marketplace generally. It can also help shape your strategic property portfolio management, reduce running costs and improve the environmental performance of your stock.

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UK CONSTRUCTION INFORMATION EPC - Energy Performance CertificatesWhat Are They? EPCs are used to provide information on a buildings energy use and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. They also include a recommendation report giving advice on how to reduce the amount of energy used and lower the level of CO2 emissions in a building. How They Work? EPCs carry ratings that compare the current energy efficiency and carbon dioxide emissions with potential figures that could be achieved. Potential figures are calculated by estimating what the energy efficiency and CO2 emissions would be if energy saving measures were put in to place. The rating measures the energy and CO2 efficiency of a property using a sliding scale from A (very efficient) to G (least efficient). All properties of the same type are measured using the same calculation. This allows a comparison of the energy efficiency between different buildings. Example of an EPC Which Buildings Need an EPC? An EPC is required for new builds or when a building is rented or sold. A building will need an EPC if it has a roof and walls and has heating, air conditioning or mechanical ventilation. The building can either be a whole building or part of a building that has been designed or altered to be used separately. If a building is made up of separate units with individual heating systems, each unit will need an EPC. Which Buildings Do NOT Need an EPC? The following buildings do not need an EPC when they are built, rented or sold: Places of worship Temporary buildings that will be used for less than two years Standalone buildings with total useful floor area of less than 50m2 that arent used to provide living accommodation for a single household Industrial sites, workshops and non-residential agricultural buildings that use minimal amounts of energy. Commerical Buildings EPCs have to be provided by owners of commercial buildings when their premises are sold or let. Prospective buyers or tenants must receive an EPC before they buy from a seller, let or sublet. Owners of newly built or refurbished business property must receive an EPC before they accept a property from a builder. EPCs are needed for buildings with multiple tenancies and let for different uses, e.g. with a mixture of retail, office and/or residential accommodation. EPCs are not needed for: lease renewals or extensions compulsory purchase orders sales of shares in a company where buildings remain in company ownership lease surrenders Residential Developers Residential developers must provide an Energy Performance Certificate (EPC) for any property they build. For developers selling houses off-plan (not yet built), a Predicted Energy Assessment (PEA) is usually required. Residential Landlords Private residential landlords are legally required to provide an EPC when renting out a home to new tenants. They are only required for self-contained properties. They are not necessary when a tenant rents a room and shares facilities. Landlords Energy Saving Allowance (LESA) Private landlords who pay income tax can offset up to 1,500 of spending for certain energy efficiency measures (per dwelling, not per building). The measures are loft, cavity, floor or solid wall insulation, draught proofing and hot water system insulation.60


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UK CONSTRUCTION INFORMATIONWho Produces EPCs? Energy Performance Certificates (EPCs) can only be produced by energy assessors who are members of a government-approved accredited scheme for that type of building, and who have the appropriate qualifications or experience. A domestic energy assessor is not qualified to conduct surveys relating to commercial property. This requires a Commercial Energy Assessor who is classified as non-domestic energy assessors (NDEA). Rider Levett Bucknall can provide commercial energy assessments for non domestic properties. How Long is an EPC Valid For? EPCs are valid for ten years on commercial and residential buildings except if they are part of a Home Information Pack (HIP). If it is part of a HIP, an EPC must be less than three years old when the building is first put on the market.

Example of a DEC

DEC - Display Energy CertificatesWhat Are They? The requirement for Display Energy Certificates (DECs) came into effect on 1 October 2008 and affects larger public buildings. They show the actual energy usage of a building, the Operational Rating, and show the public how much energy a building uses and its efficiency compared with other buildings. This is based on the energy consumption of the building, recorded by gas, electricity and other fuel meters. A DEC is also accompanied by an Advisory Report that lists cost effective measures to improve the energy rating of the building. What Counts as A Larger Public Building? Larger public buildings are those with a total useful floor area over 1,000 square metres which are occupied, or partoccupied by a public authority or institution that provides public services to a large number of people and is visited by the public. Affected public buildings must have a DEC on display at all times - together with an associated advisory report. Where a public organisation has occupied a building for less than 15 months on 4 January 2009, and does not have an EPC - or 12 months fuel meter readings - the energy assessor may calculate the operational rating for the building over the period of its occupation by the organisation.

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UK CONSTRUCTION INFORMATION Flowchart Showing Which Premises Need a DEC STARTBox 1 Public Authorities Public authorities include: Central and local government NHS trusts Schools maintained and community Police Courts Prisons Ministry of Defence Army Executive agencies Statutory regulatory bodies

Premises That Do NOT Need A DECThe following types of premises do not need a DEC: Premises of private organisations that share a building with a public authority or institution that needs a DEC, irrespective how much of the building they occupy. Premises operated by businesses. Restricted access buildings - such as research labs on campuses. How Long is an DEC Valid For? DECs are valid for one year. They are needed whether or not the building has an Energy Performance Certificate (EPC) and in addition to any requirement for air conditioning checks. The advisory report is valid for up to seven years.

Consider for each of your buildings (a building also includes a part of a building designed or altered to be used separately) Is the total useful floor area of the building more NO than 1,000 square metres? You are unaffected in that building

YES

Are you a public authority? (See box 1)

NO

Are you an institution providing a public service to a large number of people? (See box 2)

NO

You are unaffected

YES

YES

Consider for each of your buildings Is this building frequently visited by members of the public? (See boxes 3 and 4)

NO

You are unaffected

Box 2 public service An institution providing a public service is one providing a service traditionally associated with local or national government Box 3 affected buildings Examples of buildings which may be affected included: Schools Leisure centres (but not private clubs) Hospitals Municipal golf clubhouses Public libraries Museums and art galleries provided by public authorities

You are affected (See box 5)

Box 4 buildings unlikely to be affected Examples include: Missile base Air base Restricted research establishment Box 5 What to do if you have an affected building If you are affected: 1. You must place a Display Energy Certificate on display in a prominent place clearly visible to members of the public in each building 2. you must be in possession of an advisory report on ways of improving energy performance 3. both of these documents must be produced by an accredited energy assessor

Source: Department for Communities and Local Government

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UK CONSTRUCTION INFORMATION Site Waste Management PlansIn England the Site Waste management Plans Regulations 2008 are a legal requirement, and in Wales similar regulations are likely to come into force in the near future. In Scotland and Northern Ireland site waste management plans are seen as best practice by their environmental standards agencies. The reason for the introduction of this legislation was that the largest source of waste in the UK and the principal user of raw materials is the construction sector. The Site Waste management Plans Regulations 2008 require all construction and demolition projects with an estimated value above 300,000 (excl VAT) to have a Site Waste management Plan (SWmP) prepared, with additional requirements for projects exceeding 500,000 (excl VAT). (Guidance in Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland is similar but without the mandatory elements requiring compliance). Site waste management plans attract points when assessing projects to sustainable standards, such as Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment method (BREEAm), and are a requirement by government and major private clients in attaining their waste management goals. Construction is deemed to be any building, civil engineering or engineering construction work, including renovation, demolition, installation, dismantling and maintenance. The aim of the Regulations is to improve resource efficiency, reduce fly tipping, help demonstrate compliance with existing waste legislation and raise and maintain standards. They also support the wider initiatives of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA), Environmental management Systems (EmS) and Corporate Responsibility (CR) as well as the Government Sustainable Construction Strategy. The Client must prepare a Site Waste management Plan before construction work begins. If a project is started without a Site Waste management Plan, the Client and the Principal Contractor are both guilty of an offence. Site Waste management Plans should endorse the Clients Environmental Policy and set out measurable deliverables. The challenge is to set reasonable, achievable targets that will divert waste from landfill. The legislation requires the introduction of effective management systems, in order to control the amount of waste produced from construction sites, so far as is reasonably possible. The Principal Contractor has a duty to regularly update the plan and the Client can introduce a regular monitoring process to ensure post contract compliance. The regulations require duty holders to: Provide information on actions taken to minimise and manage waste Prepare a Site Waste Management Plan before site works commence (similar to the Construction Phase Plan under the Construction (Design and management) Regulations 2007) Review, revise and refine the Site Waste Management Plan during the construction phase Provide sufficient site security to prevent illegal disposal of waste. The consequences of non-compliance with the Regulations range from a Fixed Penalty Notice to an unlimited fine upon conviction. These consequences apply both to the company as well as to individuals, if the offence was committed by a qualified person (Director, manager, Secretary or someone acting in such capacity). Rider Levett Bucknalls SWmP Client Advisers are able to assist Clients in discharging their duties by offering the following services: Agreeing the ethos and requirements fo

Documents

RLB UK Riders Digest 2011