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Section 9

The Age of Mammals

74.What do scientists believe were the first type of mammals? -rodent-sized animals that evolved in the shadow of dinosaurs during the Jurassic and Triassic periods.

75. What event allowed for mammals to radiate widely?The extinction of dinosaurs. They no longer were there as predators and competitors.

http://www.myninjaplease.com/wp-content/uploads/extinction-of-dinosaurs.jpg

76. What types of mammals appeared within about 10 million years after dinosaurs died out?

Most of the modern mammal orders, frombats to large types like primates and whales

77. What characteristic helped mammals to populate a wide range of

environments? The fact that mammals could maintain a relatively constant internal temperature in hot or cold environments, they were able to adapt to temperature changes more readily than cold-blooded animalshttp://images.nationalgeographic.com/wpf/media-live/photos/000/089/cache/

mammal-evolution_8984_600x450.jpg

78.What is an angiosperm and what advantages enabled them to spread into more diverse habitats than earlier types of plants?

An angiosperm is a flowering plant. *Advantages included seeds enclosed within a structure (the flower) that protected developing embryos.*Their flower petals and fruits attracted animals, birds, and insects that helped plants spread by redistributing pollen and seeds.

http://esciencenews.com/files/images/201003152773350.jpg

79. Explain the effect of the breakup of Gondwanaland, a supercontinent, on the Earth’s climate? Climates became dryer, with grasslands and arid habitat spreading into many regions that previously had been forested.

http://www.thewire.org.au/StoryImages/grassland.jpg

80.The modern human species, Homo sapiens, is believed by some scientists to have evolved in Africa about 200,000 years ago.

81.What do some scientists believed brought

man out of Africa and into others parts of the world?

Man gradually migrated outward from Africa, following dry land migration routes that were exposed as sea levels fell during glacial expansions.

http://revistaombligo.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/Homo-sapiens-internet.jpg

82. By about 40,000 years ago Homo sapiens had settled Europe, and around 10,000 years ago man reached North America.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Spreading_homo_sapiens.jpg/300px-Spreading_homo_sapiens.jpg

http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=homo+sapiens+migration+out+of+africa&qs=SC&sk=SC3&FORM=QBVR&pq=homo%20sapiens%20migraion&sc=4-21&sp=4&qs=SC&sk=SC3#view=detail&mid=EA5D2E7606518E8BDA7EEA5D2E7606518E8BDA7E