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A TEACHING RESOURCE FROM...
Copyright by Remedia Publications, Inc.
All Rights Reserved. Printed in the U.S.A.
The purchase of this unit entitles the individual teacher to reproduce
copies for classroom use. The reproduction of any part for an
entire school or school system is strictly prohibited.
To find Remedia products in a store near you, visit:
http://www.rempub.com/stores
REMEDIA PUBLICATIONS, INC.
15887 N. 76TH STREET • SUITE 120 • SCOTTSDALE, AZ • 85260 27
Relying onReason
REM 202E
©1983, 2000, 2001
AUTHOR / ILLUSTRATOR
Ellie Weiler
C R I T I C A L T H I N K I N G S K I L L S
Relying On Reason 30 ©Remedia Publications
THE CRITICAL THINKING SERIESF R O M R E M E D I A P U B L I C A T I O N S
201A .......................................................... Analogies201B ................................................... Classification201C .......................................................Absurdities201D ............................ Similarities & Differences201E .......................................................... Sequence
202A.......................................... Drawing Solutions202B ....................................................... Using Logic202C ................................................... Finding Facts202D ...................................... Following Directions202E .......................................... Relying on Reason
203A....................................................... Knowledge203B .............................................. Comprehension203C .......................................................Application203D ............................................................. Analysis203E .......................................................... Synthesis203F ........................................................ Evaluation
This collection of activities covers five major areas of reasoning skills-analyzingreal and make-believe, inferring, distinguishing between fact and opinion, makingassumptions, and determining cause and effect.
Since these activities involve an abstract level of thinking, after introducing theconcept it might be necessary to go through one or two activities with the entiregroup. This would make it possible to reinforce the concepts and to be sure a goodunderstanding exists before they continue independently.
You will find this book to be an effective teaching tool for many ages andreadability levels. Based on Bloom’s Taxonomy of thinking skills, it is suitable for grades3-6. Readability is approximately at the 3rd-4th grade level. (Keep in mind thatreadability scales, though useful, are guidelines only. They cannot measure everyfactor affecting readability, such as sentence structure or appeal to the reader. Also,scales can differ from each other in the results they yield).
Although an answer key is provided, it is entirely possible that students may havevery valid reasons for choosing a different answer than what is in the key. Any answerthey can explain in a logical manner should be accepted.
All activities are reproducible for use in a variety of teaching, practice, andreinforcement situations. They are appropriate for whole class, small group, orindividual use. Oral discussion of the work as it is completed will increase the level ofstudent understanding.
INTRODUCTION
©Remedia Publications 1 Relying On Reason
Name ________________________________________REAL/MAKE-BELIEVE
Relying On Reason 2 ©Remedia Publications
Name ________________________________________REAL/MAKE-BELIEVE
©Remedia Publications 3 Relying On Reason
Name ________________________________________REAL/MAKE-BELIEVE
Relying On Reason 4 ©Remedia Publications
Name ________________________________________REAL/MAKE-BELIEVE
©Remedia Publications 5 Relying On Reason
Name ________________________________________INFERENCE
Relying On Reason 6 ©Remedia Publications
Name ________________________________________INFERENCE
Read each short story. Look at the pictures below each one.
Which DO NOT fit with the story? Cross them out.
Susie and Hoozie were in Brown’s Pet Store. They needed to get some food forSusie’s fish and a new wheel for Hoozie’s hamster. They enjoyed talking to Ms.Brown about the animals in the store.
Teddy and Betty were playing in the snow. They made a little house using blocksof snow. They threw snowballs at an old tin can. After awhile they went inside toget warm.
The swimming pool was full of laughing children. They played tag in the water.They had races from one end to the other. It felt great on such a hot day.
Tim was making a poster for the book sale at school. His class had brought lotsof books. They wanted everyone to know about the sale.
©Remedia Publications 7 Relying On Reason
Name ________________________________________INFERENCE
Relying On Reason 8 ©Remedia Publications
Name ________________________________________INFERENCE
Draw a face to show each feeling.
©Remedia Publications 9 Relying On Reason
Name ________________________________________FACT/OPINION
Relying On Reason 10 ©Remedia Publications
Name ________________________________________FACT/OPINION
©Remedia Publications 11 Relying On Reason
Name ________________________________________
Good Bugs, Bad Bugs
Decide if each sentence is a fact (true statement) or anopinion (statement that tells what someone thinks). Circlethe letter under the correct category.
1. Some insects are helpful to us.
2. Ladybugs eat harmful insects.
3. You can buy good bugs for your garden.
4. Butterflies are the prettiest bugs.
5. Grasshoppers can ruin a vegetable crop.
6. Worms improve garden soil.
7. Insects are scary.
8. Termites can eat wood houses.
9. Praying mantises look intelligent.
10. People shouldn’t step on ants.
11. Boll weevils destroy cotton crops.
Fact
T
H
J
F
S
N
M
U
Y
R
S
Opinion
V
P
C
D
I
K
G
W
E
O
A
___ ___ ___ ___ 3 8 5 1 1 2 9 7 10 10 4 10 6 9 5
___ ___ ___ ______ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___
To find out, write the letters you circled above on the matching numbered lines below.
Bonus: Write about what you might find if you dug into dirt where you live.
If you had a garden, what kind of bugs would you like to have in it?
Relying On Reason 12 ©Remedia Publications
Name ________________________________________FACT/OPINION
©Remedia Publications 13 Relying On Reason
Name ________________________________________FACT/OPINION
Relying On Reason 14 ©Remedia Publications
Name ________________________________________FACT/OPINION
©Remedia Publications 15 Relying On Reason
Name ________________________________________FACT/OPINION
Relying On Reason 16 ©Remedia Publications
Name ________________________________________ASSUMPTIONS
©Remedia Publications 17 Relying On Reason
Name ________________________________________ASSUMPTIONS
Relying On Reason 18 ©Remedia Publications
Name ________________________________________ASSUMPTIONS
©Remedia Publications 19 Relying On Reason
Name ________________________________________ASSUMPTIONS
Relying On Reason 20 ©Remedia Publications
Name ________________________________________CAUSE AND EFFECT
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Name ________________________________________CAUSE AND EFFECT
Relying On Reason 22 ©Remedia Publications
Name ________________________________________CAUSE AND EFFECT
©Remedia Publications 23 Relying On Reason
Name ________________________________________CAUSE AND EFFECT
Relying On Reason 24 ©Remedia Publications
Name ________________________________________CAUSE AND EFFECT
In each space below are two pictures. One would cause an effect on the other.
Circle the box showing the cause.
On the lines, write what EFFECT it would have on the other object.
©Remedia Publications 25 Relying On Reason
Name ________________________________________RELYING ON REASON
The riddles below will get you thinking in different directions.Use the word box at the bottom.
1. What has a neck but no head __________________________________________
2. What has a shoulder but no arms? _____________________________________
3. What has 3 feet but no legs? __________________________________________
4. What has ears but can’t hear? _________________________________________
5. What has a tongue but can’t speak? ____________________________________
6. What has eyes but cannot see? ________________________________________
7. What has hands but no fingers? _______________________________________
8. What has a back and arms but no shoulders? ____________________________
9. What has four legs but only one foot? __________________________________
10. What has fingers but no toes? _________________________________________
11. What has teeth but cannot chew? _____________________________________
12. What has a nose but cannot smell? _____________________________________
shoe bottle glove clock yardstick chair
bed potato corn road airplane comb
Relying On Reason 26 ©Remedia Publications
Name ________________________________________
Following a plan often helps you solve a problem.
Here’s the problem:• Sammy has a collection of trading cards.• He has more than 60 cards but less than 80.• The two digits in the number of cards he has are 1 apart.• The sum of the two digits is less than 12.• How many cards does Sammy have?
Here’s the plan to solve this problem:
Step 1: List the possibilities (numbers between 60 and 80)
61 ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ 70
71 ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ 80
Step 2: Circle all the numbers with digits that are 1 number apart.
Step 3: Which circled numbers above, have digits that add up to less than
12? _______ How many trading cards does Sammy have?___________
Use the same kind of plan to solve this problem.
• The number of students in Room 11 is less than 35, but more than 20.• It is an even number.• The ones digit is 4 more than the tens digit.• How many students are in Room 11?
Step 1: (List possibilities) ____, ____, ____, ____, ____, ____, ____, ____,
____, ____, ____, ____, ____, ____, ____, ____, ____, ____, ____,
Step 2: (Circle choices)
Step 3: (Check digits in ones and tens)
How many students are in Room 11? _____________________________
RELYING ON REASON
©Remedia Publications 27 Relying On Reason
Name ________________________________________RELYING ON REASON
Which words will do the job?
Read the sentence in each box. Circle the words that work.
Words that could tell how a car looks.
long tires dirty shiny drive
dark brown honk expensive large
Words that tell things you can hear.
dog paint bell horn frog
dark bird letter smile noise
Words that tell how you could feel.
silly pleased after frightened away
brave bumpy cold thanks sorry
Words that tell about time.
day early washed worried now
forever seat past hand coming
Words that tell ways you could move.
under slowly thinking beside messy
into large above around small
Relying On Reason 28 ©Remedia Publications
Name ________________________________________
Use your good sense and the sense of the sentence to find the meaningsof the underlined phrases. There may be more than one that makessense. Put an X in front of those that DO NOT make sense.
1. Sally looked at her math test. “I’ll sail right through this,” she said.
_____ find this test very easy
_____ write the answers on a boat
_____ finish this quickly
2. Blake said, “If I can line up nine players, we could play baseball.”
_____ draw a straight line
_____ get together
_____ try to find
3. If we put our heads together, we can solve this mystery.
_____ share our ideas
_____ sit very close together
_____ sit down and think together
4. Jeff jumped at the chance to earn some extra money.
_____ was quick to say yes
_____ jumped up and down
_____ was glad to do it
5. The game was very exciting to watch because the teams were all tied up.
_____ the players can’t move
_____ the score is the same
_____ neither team is ahead
RELYING ON REASON
©Remedia Publications 29 Relying On Reason
Name ________________________________________
Words give us information. What do the underlined words in thefollowing sentences tell you? Read each sentence carefully. Circle yourchoice from the words following the sentences.
1. I’ll be ready in half an hour. when where how
2. We’ll talk about this after dinner. when where how
3. The children walked quietly in the hall. when where how
4. Every morning we meet on the playground. when where how
5. The squirrel ran up the tree. when where how
6. She answered the question carefully. when where how
7. We are expecting rain today. when where how
8. Hang your jacket on the hook. when where how
Finish these sentences. Use whenwhenwhenwhenwhen, wherwherwherwherwhereeeee, and hohohohohow w w w w words or phrases.
when The girls went into the store ______________________________________.
where The girls went into the store ______________________________________.
how The girls went into the store ______________________________________.
RELYING ON REASON
Answer Key
©Remedia Publications 31 Relying On Reason
PG 1: 1) M 2) M 3) R 4) M 5) R 6) R 7) M 8) R 9) M10) R 11) R 12)M
PG 2: 1) M 2) R 3) R 4) M 5) R 6) M 7) M 8) R 9) R10) M
PG 3: Answers will vary.
PG 4: Drawings will vary.
PG 5: Answers will vary.
PG 6: 1) flower 2) sled 3) horn 4) apple
PG 7: 1) It looked like a storm was coming. 2) He didn’thave enough money saved yet. 3) rake leaves/He didn’t like raking leaves. or He wanted towatch TV.
PG 8: Happy:1, 4, 5 Afraid: 2, 6 Sad: 3, 6 Excited:
3, 5
PG 9: 1) quack 2) fudge 3) split 4) book 5) broom6) quick
PG 10: 1) F 2) O 3) O 4) F 5) F 6) O 7) O 8) F 9) O10) O 11) F 12) O
PG 11: 1) T 2) H 3) J 4) D 5) S 6) N 7) G 8) U 9) E10) O 11) S “Just the good ones”
PG 12~13: Answers will vary.
PG 14: 6 orange, 9 green.
PG 15: A) O B) F C) O D) F E) O F) O G) F
PG 16: 1) cold 2) a good time/fun 3) grow 4) awful/sick5) angry/mad 6) they will read it/answer it 7) behappy/cheer 8) inflate/get big 9) break 10) waterwill come out
PG 17: 1) for lunch 2) tomorrow 3) red uniform 4) 18,first day of Spring 5) pretty 6) she has read 12books 7) got a T-shirt 8) has $13.00 more thanshe needs 9) lost the game
PG 18: Answers will vary.
PG 19: 4, 2, 7,1, 6, 3, 9, 5, 8
PG 20: 1) Cause: dropped his ice creamEffect: little boy started crying
2) Cause: wings got wetEffect: bee could not fly
3) Cause: squirrel was hungryEffect: was looking for food
4) Cause: clowns did tricksEffect: everyone laughed
5) Cause: wanted to pick berriesEffect: took a basket with her
PG 21: 1) B 2) A 3) A 4) B 5) B
PG 22: Questions will vary.
PG 23: 1) d 2) g 3) a 4) h 5) b 6) c 7) f 8) aAnswers will vary in second part of activity.
PG 24: ball — A ball can cause a window to break.sun — The sun can cause a popsicle to melt.thermometer — Cold temperatures can
cause snow.pin — A pin can cause a balloon to pop.scissors — Scissors can cause hair to be cut.
PG 25: 1) bottle 2) road 3) yardstick 4) corn 5) shoe6) potato 7) clock 8) chair 9) bed 10) glove11) comb 12) airplane
PG 26: Problem 1: 65,65 Problem 2: 26
PG 27: Box 1: long, dirty, shiny, dark, brown,expensive, largeBox 2: dog, bell, horn, frog, bird, noiseBox 3: silly, pleased, frightened, brave, cold,sorryBox 4: day, early, now, forever, past, comingBox 5: under, slowly, beside, into, above,around
PG 28: 1) 2 2) 1 3) 2 4) 2 5) 1
PG 29: 1) when 2) when 3) how 4) where 5) where6) how 7) when 8) where Answers will vary.